Papers by Boguslav Kurlowich
Agricultural Research & Technology, 2021
The nature of the variability of characters changes almost identically in a majority of accession... more The nature of the variability of characters changes almost identically in a majority of accessions when they are cultivated under different conditions. However, there are also samples of the character of variability in which is different in contrasting conditions (different geographic locations, soils, or different years of study). It is very important to identify such accessions and use them in further research. Studies have shown that when such accessions are crossed with each other, forms with new traits can appear in the hybrid generation, often useful or harmful for breeding. The hybrid progeny may contain transgressive forms, i.e., the forms with an increased or decreased value of the character when crossing parents with different types of variability.
Differentiation in the variability of characters at parental forms can be found by testing them under different conditions and using the same techniques., It is possible to obtain valuable transgressive forms with the help of this method concerning any characters (high seed yield, chemical structure, disease resistance, and others). Our approach makes the process of obtaining transgresses more controlled and effective.
International Journal of Farming and Allied Sciences , 2019
Wild alkaloidal perennial Washington lupin (Lupinus polyphyllus Lindl.) has spread widely in many... more Wild alkaloidal perennial Washington lupin (Lupinus polyphyllus Lindl.) has spread widely in many countries and is considered an invasive plants which are proposed in many countries to destroy. Our research is aimed at its cultivation and rational use. One of the ways in this direction is the use of low alkaloidal (sweet) forms. The first sweet forms of lupins were created almost 90 years ago by Reinhold von Sengbusch in Germany. The Russian Institute of Plant Industry (VIR) also developed its research as well as an instruction to identify alkaloid-free lupins. It was immediately published with the foreword by N.I. Vavilov (Ivanov et al., 1932). Several thousand plants were analyzed by this method and the first sweet form of L polyphyllus was bred in 1932 at VIR. The above-mentioned publication of VIR as well as the discovery of German scientists was a cornerstone of the modern breeding work with low-alkaloid fodder (sweet) lupins in the whole world. One of the authors of this article worked in the Russian Institute of Plant Industry (VIR) with collection of lupins more than 30 years and produced the first fodder commercial cultivar of L. polyphyllus named 'Pervenets' (the first sweet variety) for the conditions of the Northwest Russia (Kurlovich et al. 2002). Variety 'Truvor' was developed for the conditions of Ukraine. Now we are researching sweet and bitter forms of the perennial Washington lupin in Finland, New Zealand and UK. It has found practical use as a green feed for sheep in New Zealand. We present some of our research results in this paper. We noticed that low alkaloid plants are exposed to pest. This makes it easy to detect sweet plants, but they are difficult to replicate and keep from pests. The developed approaches may also be applied to many cross-pollinated American lupin species (subgen. Platycarpos (S. Wats.) Kurl.), such as L. mutabilis weet., nootkatensis Donn.
International Journal of Food Science and Agriculture, 3(4), 275-286. , 2019
Keywords The majority of scientific investigations in the area of a plant taxonomy are finished u... more Keywords The majority of scientific investigations in the area of a plant taxonomy are finished usually on the level of a concrete species. N. Vavilov in a study of several hundred species showed the absence of monotypic species, i.e. species represented by various forms. The investigation of cultivated species has led to the Vavilov's conception of a Linnaean species as a definite system. We also have tried to complement and develop the Vavilov's concept concerning species of Lupinus L. The International Code of botanical nomenclature fixed such categories as subspecies (subspecies), varieties (varietas), subvarieties (subvarietas) and form (forma). Besides, N. Vavilov paid special attention to eco-geographical differentiation of species into ecotypes, geotypes, concultivars, etc. Such an approach is very effective at the systematization of agricultural plant biodiversity. We have taken advantage of the concept of Vavilov in relation to our model object-genus Lupinus L. Many years of research (1973-2014) by means of expedition missions in many countries, by the study the lupins collection of the N. I. Vavilov's Institute (2500 accessions) in various geographic regions, and by generalization of the data obtained by other researchers, have enabled as to find out new regularities in the variability of characters depending on genetic features of the species and accessions, and also on ecological and agronomic conditions of their growth (Kurlovich et al. 1990). This Vavilov's approach allowed us to develop a more detailed intraspecific taxonomic and eco-geographical classification and proposed efficient ways of lupins genetic
The concept of a biological species based on no crossing between species widely accepted. N. Vavi... more The concept of a biological species based on no crossing between species widely accepted. N. Vavilov in a study of several hundred species showed the absence of monotypic species, i.e. species represented by various forms. The investigation of cultivated species, has led to the Vavilov’s conception of a Linnaean species as a definite system. We also have tried to complement and develop the Vavilov’s concept in relation to species of Lupinus L. We recognize subspecies as an isolated group of individual plants within a population of a species in relation to lupins. They occupy certain part of the area of a species, constitute together a mobile system, are able to cross among themselves and with plants growing in other parts of the area of this species, produce prolific progeny, possess distinctive morphological and inheritable characters in vegetative and generative organs with the uniform genetic base, and incorporate transient forms. Allelism and character complementarities tests have shown that in lupins the color of seed is correlated with the color of the corolla. This linkage reflects the stability of genetic system, which corresponds to the rank of varieties. A good diagnostic character is the color of vegetative parts, and the absence or presence of anthocyan, in particular. Being less stable, it could be used in identifying subvarieties. Considerable practical interest for breeders may be generated by the plants with determinate branching, fascicular stem and other characters of breeding value. Such forms are theoretically possible in all the varieties and subvarieties. Therefore, it seems justified to regard them in the rank of forma (f.).
6th International Legume Conference ''Towards a new classification system for legumes"., 2013
As a result of our research during 1983-2012 the centres of formation of wild lupin species and ... more As a result of our research during 1983-2012 the centres of formation of wild lupin species and diversity of cultivated species were refined. The system of taxonomic and eco-geographical classification of lupins was developed. Subgen. Lupinus and Subgen. Platycarpos (Wats.) Kurl.
General Information on Diseases and Pests
One of the appropriate ways of intensifying lupin prod... more General Information on Diseases and Pests
One of the appropriate ways of intensifying lupin production is to protect this crop against diseases and pests. Causative agents of lupin diseases are fungi, bacteria, viruses and nematodes, which cause different types of injuries: withering, decay, maculation, blotches, pustules, deformations, chloroses, etc. Losses in yield from diseases quite often reach 25-75% (Чекалин et al., 1981). Protection of plants against numerous diseases and pests by means of agronomic and chemical techniques is sometimes either not efficient enough, or economically unsuitable. Breeding of new resistant varieties is the most effective way to control losses in the yield. New lupin cultivars should combine immunity to fungal infection with resistance to viruses and bacteria. When studying disease resistance or selecting methods of analysis of breeding sources for resistance, it is necessary to know and to take into account biological and pathological features of pathogens.
The majority of scientific investigations in area of a plant taxonomy are finished usually on the... more The majority of scientific investigations in area of a plant taxonomy are finished usually on the level of a concrete species, or at least, on the level of subspecies. But Vavilov’s (1931, 1935, 1965) concept of the species as a system, and his differential systematic and geographic method of analyzing cultivated plants provide working out of detailed intraspecific classifications, which give a possibility of targeted search for valuable breeding materials in various regions and solve the problems of phylogenies, taxonomy and evolution (Agaev, 1987; Kurlovich et al. 2000). The International Code of botanical nomenclature fixed such categories as subspecies (subspecies), varieties (varietas), subvarieties (subvarietas) and form (forma). Besides, Vavilov paid special attention to eco-geographical differentiation of species into ecotypes, geotypes, concultivars, etc. Such approach is very effective at systematization of plant biodiversity. The present work is devoted to studying biodiversity of three species of lupins.
To develop the potential of narrow-leafed lupin for northern European conditions, we have conduct... more To develop the potential of narrow-leafed lupin for northern European conditions, we have conducted a germplasm improvement program based on selection in different climatic environments. A set of 50 accessions was studied in Finland, Russia and Ukraine using a consistent protocol. Most of the variation in yield (56%) was due to environmental factors, 23% to genotype, and 14% to the genotype x environment interaction variance. The program has focused on the development of germplasm for the long days (18 h) and cool temperatures of southern and eastern Finland (latitude 60-62°N). The photoperiod reaction was studied in more detail and a breeding line, Mut-1, was selected from Poland for crossing. This line demonstrated a stable vegetative period at different latitudes, and had a long-day photoperiodic reaction. Subsequent studies showed that Mut -1 demonstrated a long-day photoperiodic reaction only at or above 16°C. From this breeding program, two new cultivars, provisionally named Fin-1 and Fin-3, have been developed. They have a growing season of 85-115 days, seed yields up to 2.3 t/ha, and seed protein content of 36-42%. The next step will be comparative yield trials with established cultivars.
We are investigating the agricultural potential of the perennial large-leaved lupin (Lupinus poly... more We are investigating the agricultural potential of the perennial large-leaved lupin (Lupinus polyphyllus Lindl.) and its hybrids in Finland and Russia. Naturalised populations of this lupin grow widely in both countries and some workers characterise it as a noxious weed. We, however, recognise its potential as an arable crop. Reduced-alkaloid breeding lines have been isolated. Interspecific hybridisation with L. mutabilis Sweet has provided hardy perennial materials with high seed oil content, suitable for further development into crops when other limitations are overcome.
The aim of the work was to develop methods to create fodder (sweet) varieties of Lupinus polyphyl... more The aim of the work was to develop methods to create fodder (sweet) varieties of Lupinus polyphyllus Lindi, with stable, low levels of alkaloids. New approaches were developed with the specific intention of avoiding the rapid restoration of alkaloid synthesis in this crosspollinated lupin species. We created sweet forage varieties of multifoliate lupin with sufficiently stable and low alkaloid content. Positive results were demonstrated with the first sweet commercial cultivar Pervenec, which was listed in the State Catalogue of Breeding Achievements in Russia. The major tasks carried out in Finland since 1996 were the breeding of cultivars with stable low alkaloid content, different types of pollination, non-dehiscent pods, winter hardiness and frost tolerance, capable of producing high yields of green matter (40 -50 Mg ha-1 ) and maintaining the shading of cover crops. One of our purposes of Washington lupin breeding in Finland is to create productive sweet forms with white flowers and seeds analogous to white flowered and white seeded varieties of narrow-leafed lupin (L angustifolius L.) in Australia.
As a result of the research conducted for many years, new intraspecific taxonomic classifications... more As a result of the research conducted for many years, new intraspecific taxonomic classifications of blue, yellow and white lupin have been developed. Genetic tests for allelic and complementary nature of characters have shown that the colour of seed cover is interrelated with the colour of the corolla. This correlation is a sign of stability of the genetic system corresponding to the variety level (varietas). Presence or absence of anthocyan in vegetative organs is placed at the basis of sub variety category (subvarietas). Other taxonomically significant and breeding characters, being theoretically possible in the majority of varieties and sub varieties (growth determination, fasciation, etc.), are considered at the level of forms (forma). A part of most widely occurring varieties are listed.
The purpose of this research was to study opportunities for breeding and cultivation of narrow-le... more The purpose of this research was to study opportunities for breeding and cultivation of narrow-leafed lupin (Lupinus angustifolius L.) in Finland. The study was conducted with determinate cultivars and lines of narrow-leafed lupin. Our research bas shown that early forms of L angustifolius are suitable for breeding and cultivation on sandy soils in the south of Finland. An important condition for successful growth of lupins is inoculation with Rbizobia, especially in regions where lupins are being cultivated for the first time.
The resultB of screening the lupin collection of the N .I. Vav:Uov Institute of Plant Industry fo... more The resultB of screening the lupin collection of the N .I. Vav:Uov Institute of Plant Industry for promising initial material for breeding of early-maturing lupin varieties resis-.. tant to fusariose and virus diseases are presented.
P Pl la an nt t G Ge en ne et t i ic c R Re es so ou ur r c c e es s N Ne ew w s sl le et t t t e... more P Pl la an nt t G Ge en ne et t i ic c R Re es so ou ur r c c e es s N Ne ew w s sl le et t t t e er r Summary Evaluation of the biological nitrogen-fixing ability of lupin (Lupinus L.)
The N.I. Vavilov Institute (St. Petersburg, Russia) holds more then 2500 accessions of lupin. Man... more The N.I. Vavilov Institute (St. Petersburg, Russia) holds more then 2500 accessions of lupin. Many years of observing the plants sown in various regions and biochemical analysis of seed and plant matter of the accessions using the specialized methodology of the Institute developed for lupin, have found new regularities in a variability of chemical structure of accessions. These range from genetic and ecological features to agronomic growing conditions. Among the rich specific diversity of lupins there are species, varieties and forms which accumulate large amounts of protein (up to 55% ), oil (up to 15% in Russia, and in the conditions of Uzbekistan, up to 20.8 % ) and other useful substances. Lupin is particularly valuable for the absence of anti-nutritive factors (inhibitors of proteinase and hemagglutinins) in its protein. Lupin seed (its low-alkaloid sweet forms), unlike other leguminous crops, is suitable for raw use without heat treatment. However, lupins are only grown on 1.5 million hectares, compared with soya on more than 70 million hectares.
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Papers by Boguslav Kurlowich
Differentiation in the variability of characters at parental forms can be found by testing them under different conditions and using the same techniques., It is possible to obtain valuable transgressive forms with the help of this method concerning any characters (high seed yield, chemical structure, disease resistance, and others). Our approach makes the process of obtaining transgresses more controlled and effective.
One of the appropriate ways of intensifying lupin production is to protect this crop against diseases and pests. Causative agents of lupin diseases are fungi, bacteria, viruses and nematodes, which cause different types of injuries: withering, decay, maculation, blotches, pustules, deformations, chloroses, etc. Losses in yield from diseases quite often reach 25-75% (Чекалин et al., 1981). Protection of plants against numerous diseases and pests by means of agronomic and chemical techniques is sometimes either not efficient enough, or economically unsuitable. Breeding of new resistant varieties is the most effective way to control losses in the yield. New lupin cultivars should combine immunity to fungal infection with resistance to viruses and bacteria. When studying disease resistance or selecting methods of analysis of breeding sources for resistance, it is necessary to know and to take into account biological and pathological features of pathogens.
Differentiation in the variability of characters at parental forms can be found by testing them under different conditions and using the same techniques., It is possible to obtain valuable transgressive forms with the help of this method concerning any characters (high seed yield, chemical structure, disease resistance, and others). Our approach makes the process of obtaining transgresses more controlled and effective.
One of the appropriate ways of intensifying lupin production is to protect this crop against diseases and pests. Causative agents of lupin diseases are fungi, bacteria, viruses and nematodes, which cause different types of injuries: withering, decay, maculation, blotches, pustules, deformations, chloroses, etc. Losses in yield from diseases quite often reach 25-75% (Чекалин et al., 1981). Protection of plants against numerous diseases and pests by means of agronomic and chemical techniques is sometimes either not efficient enough, or economically unsuitable. Breeding of new resistant varieties is the most effective way to control losses in the yield. New lupin cultivars should combine immunity to fungal infection with resistance to viruses and bacteria. When studying disease resistance or selecting methods of analysis of breeding sources for resistance, it is necessary to know and to take into account biological and pathological features of pathogens.
As an agronomist and biologist, I worked for many years at the N. I. Vavilov’s All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR), where I studied the biodiversity of legumes, participated in scientific expeditions in different countries and continents to collect plant genetics resources, and created the source material for the breeding of legumes. In this connection, I am familiar with such conceptions as biological adaptation, Darwin's evolutionary doctrine, genetics, and its basic concepts: genes, mutations, hybridization, etc. I completely agree with Darwin (1859) that breeding is human-driven evolution. Darwin's book introduced the scientific theory that populations evolve throughout generations through a process of natural selection. It presented a body of evidence that the diversity of life arose by common descent through a branching pattern of evolution. Darwin included evidence that he had gathered on the Beagle expedition in the 1830s and his subsequent findings from research, correspondence, and experimentation.
My book, devoted to the long-term study of plants from the genus Lupinus L. based on evolutionary development, begins with such epigraph from the Bible:
«11 Then God said, “Let the land produce vegetation: seed-bearing plants and trees on the land that bear fruit with seed in it, according to their various kinds.” And it was so. 12 The land produced vegetation: plants bearing seed according to their kinds and trees bearing fruit with seed in it according to their kinds. And God saw that it was good. 13 And there was evening, and there was morning - the third day».
Therefore, the world was created in stages: in the beginning, God created the heavens and the earth, then the light, and the next 3rd stage - plants. As a biologist and agronomist by education, and a person who believes in God, I concluded that evolutionary biology and theology are closely related. God, as the creator of everything visible and invisible, created the biodiversity of all living creatures that biology studies. Currently, scientists have proposed more complex methods of evolution than in Darwinism, based on the synthesis of many sciences, primarily genetics and biological adaptation. The synthetic theory of evolution also relies on paleontology, systematics, molecular biology, and other disciplines. Studies of the scientist and Augustinian monk Gregory Mendel (1822-1884) on peas for the first time allowed approaching the scientific explanation and regularities of heredity and variability of living organisms in all their forms and the laws of God. In this article, we express our thoughts on evolution.
I wrote this autobiographical article in Russian language, which I was taught for a long time at school. This allowed me to more accurately reflect my thoughts, feelings and impressions.
The article consists of the following sections:
Childhood and adolescence; Students years; Starting a job; Military service; Continuation of the work activity; Northwestern Agricultural Research Institute; The branch of the All-Union Academy of Agricultural Sciences; N.I Vavilov’s Institute(VIR); Finland; Generalization.
I wrote this article in Russian, which I was taught for a long time at school. This made it possible to more accurately reflect thoughts, feelings and impressions. I will be grateful to the readers for their attention to my thoughts.
I will be grateful to the readers for their attention to my thoughts.
.The volume devoted to long-term study of the collection of some annual grain legumes was for the first time published in 1937. However, due to a number of circumstances lupin was not included in this volume. The present book embraces the results of more than sixty years of monographic research on lupin genetic resources. Research materials are represented by the lupin collection of the N.I. Vavilov Institute of Plant Industry (VIR) storing now more than 2500 accessions of different lupin species collected by numerous expeditions over the globe. Theoretical basis for our research activities were N.I. Vavilov’s works on plant genetic resources.
.We have used the special methodology of the Vavilov Institute developed with regard to lupin (Kurlovich et al., 1990b).
.Many years of observing plants sown in various regions have enabled us to find out new regularities in the variability of characters depending on genetic features of the species and accessions, and also on ecological and agronomic conditions of their growth. We have also disclosed new characters and their combinations, both taxonomically significant and genetically determined. This factor as well as generalization of the data obtained by other researchers (Zhukovsky, 1929; Kazimierski and Novacki, 1961; Gladstones, 1974; Maissurjan and Atabiekova, 1974; Kazimierski and Kazimierska, 1975) made it possible to introduce essential corrections in the intra-specific taxonomic and eco-geographic classifications of lupins. These classifications have been developed on the basis of Vavilov’s concepts (the doctrine about the species as a system, the law of homological series in hereditary variation, differential systematic and geographical method of crop studies, etc.).
The negative link between low alkaloid and pest resistance has been revealed. Low alkaloidal plants are exposed to pest. This phenomenon should be considered in the breeding.
I wrote this article in Russian, which I was taught for a long time at school and know better. This made it possible to more accurately reflect thoughts, feelings, and impressions. I will be grateful to the readers for their attention to my thoughts.
I will be grateful to the readers for their attention to my thoughts
It is already established: that the brain thinks and is a place where the soul is localized; that there are forces of good and evil; that there is a certain essence-the devil, Satan good and evil spirits; that the invisible spiritual world can be sensed and sometimes even measured by instruments.
But, the science of the ethereal world has so far the status of the outcast, and the doctrine about the mysterious, supernatural in general persecuted in our time.
Though, all great scholars note that by their discoveries they owe divine essence, enlightenment, intuition, and the great poets and composers also confirm that their notes were only recorded under dictation from Above.
This article published in February 27, 2016 online at: http://biodiversity.ucoz.ru/index/what_is_a_species/0-13
Boguslav S. Kurlovich.
The review of the most outstanding species of 46 genera of the family Leguminosae (Fabaceae) is given. This third family on size includes of 23 535 species united in 917 genera according to the newest data. A large number of legume species are cultivated worldwide as ornamentals, used as living fences and firebreaks, as soil binders, green manures, fodder for livestock, forage for honey bees, food for humans, in agro forestry and reforestation (for nitrogen fixation), as pulp for paper production, fuel woods, timber, and as sources of chemicals (e.g., dyes, tannins), oils (industrial, food, aromatherapy), and medicines. Many of the more common ones are listed below. Family Leguminosae (Fabaceae) can be divided into three subfamily: Caesalpinioideae, Papilionodeae or Faboideae and Mimosoideae. The major of species belonging to 11 genera in subfamily Caesalpinioideae are described: Caesalpinia; Bauhinia; Ceratonia; Cercis; Gleditsia; Gymnoclаdus; Parkinsonia; Delonix; Copaifera; Guibourtia; Tamarindus. The description of the major species belonging to 31 genera of subfamily Papilionodeae is given: Arachis; Dalbergia; Lupinus; Astragаlus; Cicer); Glycyrrhiza; Hedysarum; Lathyrus; Lens; Pisum; Vicia, including Vicia sativa and Vicia faba; Vavilovia; Melilotus; Medicago; Onobrychis; Oxytropis; Trifolium; Wisteria; Cajanus; Canavalia; Derris; Millettia; Glycine; Indigofera; Phaseolus; Vigna; Pachyrhizus; Pueraria; Lotus; Robinia; Sesbania. Subfamily Mimosoideae is presented by 4 ge-nera in our review: Mimosa; Acacia; Calliandrа and Entada. The description of plants is stated partially on the basis of our 40-year-old researches, according to Wikipedia and other sources of the Internet and generalization of the world literature.
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