This essay reflects on 25 years since Christian Bioethics began publication and, in somewhat auto... more This essay reflects on 25 years since Christian Bioethics began publication and, in somewhat autobiographical fashion, engages two core concerns. First, although “non-ecumenism” may often appear a pretext for contention and division, I suggest that a respectful non-ecumenism may provide the opportunity for dialogue and the occasion for employing certain tools from religious studies. Second, although many are skeptical about the possibilities of identifying a “common morality,” a defense of that notion provides a plausible explanation for the development of limited consensus on some issues in bioethics.
Bioethics in the United States: 1991-1993.- Bioethics in Canada: 1991-1993.- Bioethics in Latin A... more Bioethics in the United States: 1991-1993.- Bioethics in Canada: 1991-1993.- Bioethics in Latin America: 1991-1993.- Bioethics in the United Kingdom and Ireland: 1991-1993.- Bioethics in France: 1991-1993.- Bioethics in the Netherlands: 1991-1993.- Bioethics in German-Speaking Western European Countries (Austria, Germany, and Switzerland): 1991-1993.- Bioethics in Spain: 1991-1993.- Bioethics in Portugal: 1991-1993.- Bioethics in Italy: 1991-1993.- Bioethics in Scandinavia: 1991-1993.- Bioethics in Southeast Asia: 1991-1993.- Bioethics in China: 1991-1993.- Bioethics in Japan: 1991-1993.- Bioethics in Australia: 1991-1993.- Bioethics in New Zealand: 1991-1993.- Notes on Contributors.- Errata Sheet (For Volume 2).- General Index.- Index of Authors, Cases, Documents, and Legislation Discussed.
This essay reflects on 25 years since Christian Bioethics began publication and, in somewhat auto... more This essay reflects on 25 years since Christian Bioethics began publication and, in somewhat autobiographical fashion, engages two core concerns. First, although “non-ecumenism” may often appear a pretext for contention and division, I suggest that a respectful non-ecumenism may provide the opportunity for dialogue and the occasion for employing certain tools from religious studies. Second, although many are skeptical about the possibilities of identifying a “common morality,” a defense of that notion provides a plausible explanation for the development of limited consensus on some issues in bioethics.
Introduction B. Andrew Lustig, Baruch A. Brody, Gerald P. McKenny 1: 'Compatible Contradictio... more Introduction B. Andrew Lustig, Baruch A. Brody, Gerald P. McKenny 1: 'Compatible Contradictions: Religion and the Naturalization of Assisted Reproduction,' by Cristina Traina, Eugenia Georges, Marcia Inhorn, Susan Kahn, and Maura Ryan 2: 'Religion, Conceptions of Nature, and Assisted Reproductive Technology Policy,' by John H. Evans 3: 'Religious Traditions and Genetic Enhancement,' by Estuardo Aguilar, Cromwell Crawford, Karen Lebacqz, and Ted Peters 4: 'How Bioethics Can Inform Policy Decisions About Genetic Enhancement,' by Robert Cook-Deegan, Kathleen N. Lohr, and Julie Gage Palmer 5: 'The Machine in the Body: Ethical and Religious Issues in the Bodily Incorporation of Mechanical Devices,' by Courtney S. Campbell, James F. Keenan, David Loy, Kathleen Matthews, Terry Winograd, and Laurie Zoloth 6: 'Altering Nature: Medical Devices Policy and the Humanities: Examining Implantable Cardiac Devices,' by Jeremy Sugarman, Courtney Campbel...
Introduction B. Andrew Lustig, Baruch A. Brody, Gerald P. McKenny 1: 'Compatible Contradictio... more Introduction B. Andrew Lustig, Baruch A. Brody, Gerald P. McKenny 1: 'Compatible Contradictions: Religion and the Naturalization of Assisted Reproduction,' by Cristina Traina, Eugenia Georges, Marcia Inhorn, Susan Kahn, and Maura Ryan 2: 'Religion, Conceptions of Nature, and Assisted Reproductive Technology Policy,' by John H. Evans 3: 'Religious Traditions and Genetic Enhancement,' by Estuardo Aguilar, Cromwell Crawford, Karen Lebacqz, and Ted Peters 4: 'How Bioethics Can Inform Policy Decisions About Genetic Enhancement,' by Robert Cook-Deegan, Kathleen N. Lohr, and Julie Gage Palmer 5: 'The Machine in the Body: Ethical and Religious Issues in the Bodily Incorporation of Mechanical Devices,' by Courtney S. Campbell, James F. Keenan, David Loy, Kathleen Matthews, Terry Winograd, and Laurie Zoloth 6: 'Altering Nature: Medical Devices Policy and the Humanities: Examining Implantable Cardiac Devices,' by Jeremy Sugarman, Courtney Campbel...
Introduction B. Andrew Lustig, Baruch A. Brody, Gerald P. McKenny 1: 'Compatible Contradictio... more Introduction B. Andrew Lustig, Baruch A. Brody, Gerald P. McKenny 1: 'Compatible Contradictions: Religion and the Naturalization of Assisted Reproduction,' by Cristina Traina, Eugenia Georges, Marcia Inhorn, Susan Kahn, and Maura Ryan 2: 'Religion, Conceptions of Nature, and Assisted Reproductive Technology Policy,' by John H. Evans 3: 'Religious Traditions and Genetic Enhancement,' by Estuardo Aguilar, Cromwell Crawford, Karen Lebacqz, and Ted Peters 4: 'How Bioethics Can Inform Policy Decisions About Genetic Enhancement,' by Robert Cook-Deegan, Kathleen N. Lohr, and Julie Gage Palmer 5: 'The Machine in the Body: Ethical and Religious Issues in the Bodily Incorporation of Mechanical Devices,' by Courtney S. Campbell, James F. Keenan, David Loy, Kathleen Matthews, Terry Winograd, and Laurie Zoloth 6: 'Altering Nature: Medical Devices Policy and the Humanities: Examining Implantable Cardiac Devices,' by Jeremy Sugarman, Courtney Campbel...
... by B. Andrew Lustig and Baruch Brod.1. ""Spiritual and religious concepts of nature... more ... by B. Andrew Lustig and Baruch Brod.1. ""Spiritual and religious concepts of nature. by Aaron Mackle. Ebrahim Moos. Allen Verhe. Anne Klei. and Kurt Peter.2. ""Philosophical Approaches to Nature. by John H. Zammit. Philip J. Ivanho. Helen Longin. ...
Journal of the American Dietetic Association, 1991
Ethical concerns raised by the treatment of obesity include the following: the question of whethe... more Ethical concerns raised by the treatment of obesity include the following: the question of whether obesity treatment is accurately described as therapy or as research given its low percentage of long-term success; the need for standardized disclosure of the possibility of harms vs the low probability of benefits; the status of voluntary and informed consent as a meaningful model of patient cooperation in treatment in light of reported findings of "treatment addiction" as a recognized syndrome; and the policy issues raised by the absence of uniform standards for and regulatory oversight of weight loss programs.
It has been two years since the publication of Volume One of the Bioethics Yearbook, a short time... more It has been two years since the publication of Volume One of the Bioethics Yearbook, a short time in the life of an ancient civilization. Except for specific developments on several issues that will be reported in Section II of this essay, only a modest amount of reflection in bioethics has transpired since 1990 in Hindu thought or in Indian medical practice. Yet the same two years have been a long time in the life of a people in cultural transition. India has been torn by interreligious and communal strife which, although not new, has recently increased dramatically in ferocity and intensity. Strife between the Hindu and Muslim communities has engulfed most of India, and places that previously had been known for their inter-faith amity have been engulfed in flames.
Paul J. Weithman argues that I misrepresented central elements of Thomas Aquinas's justi... more Paul J. Weithman argues that I misrepresented central elements of Thomas Aquinas's justification of private property. While Weithman offers important corrective details to my own discussion, his effort to find in Thomas some quasi-absolute claim to private property as a ...
Several scholars have recently criticized the dominant emphasis upon mid-level principles in bioe... more Several scholars have recently criticized the dominant emphasis upon mid-level principles in bioethics best exemplified by Beauchamp and Childress's Principles of Biomedical Ethics. In Part I of this essay, I assess the fairness and cogency of three broad criticisms raised against 'principlism' as an approach: (1) that principlism, as an exercise in applied ethics, is insufficiently attentive to the dialectical relations between ethical theory and mortal practice; (2) that principlism fails to offer a systematic account of the principles of non-maleficence, beneficence, respect for autonomy, and justice; and (3) that principlism, as a version of moral pluralism, is fatally flawed by its theoretical agnosticism. While acknowledging that Beauchamp and Childress's reliance upon Ross's version of intuitionism is problematic, I conclude that the critics of principlism have failed to make a compelling case against its theoretical or practical adequacy as an ethical approach. In Part II, I assess the moral theory developed by Bernard Gert in Mortality: A New Justification of the Moral Rules, because Gert has recommended his approach as a systematic alternative to principlism. I judge Gert's theory to be seriously incomplete and, in contrast to principlism, unable to generate coherent conclusions about cases of active euthanasia and paternalism.
In response to my earlier critique of recent attempts to rebut principlism as an ethical approach... more In response to my earlier critique of recent attempts to rebut principlism as an ethical approach, Green, Gert, and Clouser (GG&C) have in turn offered their own critique of my appraisal. This essay identifies eight major criticisms GG&C raise in their response and offers a rejoinder to each. Among them, three are especially important: (1) that the label of 'deductivism' fails to capture GG&C's ethical method and should be replaced by 'descriptivism'; (2) that pluralistic accounts, including principlism, fail to offer any systematic way to resolve moral conflicts; and (3) that appeals to broader 'moral' principles beyond the moral rules are deceiving, since apparent differences in 'moral' judgment invariably involve disagreement about empirical facts rather than further moral considerations. In response to (1), I defend my earlier label by emphasizing the stipulated and invariant status of the moral rules GG&C invoke, even as I question the adequacy of their putative 'descriptivism'. In response to (2), I suggest the plausibility of pluralist approaches and reiterate the modified just-war criteria that Beauchamp and Childress invoke in situations when principles conflict. In response to (3), I suggest that a 'descriptivism' worthy of the name must systematically accommodate the appeal to moral principles that remains central to metaethical and normative discussions.
With characteristic erudition, Baruch Brody has made distinguished contributions to many areas in... more With characteristic erudition, Baruch Brody has made distinguished contributions to many areas in philosophy, ethics, and religious studies—including philosophy of science, philosophy of law, metaphysics, theoretical ethics, and applied ethics, among the latter especially bioethics, medical ethics, and health policy. Other contributors to this volume are ably equipped to explore Brody’s focused work on specific philosophical topics. As a scholar
This essay reflects on 25 years since Christian Bioethics began publication and, in somewhat auto... more This essay reflects on 25 years since Christian Bioethics began publication and, in somewhat autobiographical fashion, engages two core concerns. First, although “non-ecumenism” may often appear a pretext for contention and division, I suggest that a respectful non-ecumenism may provide the opportunity for dialogue and the occasion for employing certain tools from religious studies. Second, although many are skeptical about the possibilities of identifying a “common morality,” a defense of that notion provides a plausible explanation for the development of limited consensus on some issues in bioethics.
Bioethics in the United States: 1991-1993.- Bioethics in Canada: 1991-1993.- Bioethics in Latin A... more Bioethics in the United States: 1991-1993.- Bioethics in Canada: 1991-1993.- Bioethics in Latin America: 1991-1993.- Bioethics in the United Kingdom and Ireland: 1991-1993.- Bioethics in France: 1991-1993.- Bioethics in the Netherlands: 1991-1993.- Bioethics in German-Speaking Western European Countries (Austria, Germany, and Switzerland): 1991-1993.- Bioethics in Spain: 1991-1993.- Bioethics in Portugal: 1991-1993.- Bioethics in Italy: 1991-1993.- Bioethics in Scandinavia: 1991-1993.- Bioethics in Southeast Asia: 1991-1993.- Bioethics in China: 1991-1993.- Bioethics in Japan: 1991-1993.- Bioethics in Australia: 1991-1993.- Bioethics in New Zealand: 1991-1993.- Notes on Contributors.- Errata Sheet (For Volume 2).- General Index.- Index of Authors, Cases, Documents, and Legislation Discussed.
This essay reflects on 25 years since Christian Bioethics began publication and, in somewhat auto... more This essay reflects on 25 years since Christian Bioethics began publication and, in somewhat autobiographical fashion, engages two core concerns. First, although “non-ecumenism” may often appear a pretext for contention and division, I suggest that a respectful non-ecumenism may provide the opportunity for dialogue and the occasion for employing certain tools from religious studies. Second, although many are skeptical about the possibilities of identifying a “common morality,” a defense of that notion provides a plausible explanation for the development of limited consensus on some issues in bioethics.
Introduction B. Andrew Lustig, Baruch A. Brody, Gerald P. McKenny 1: 'Compatible Contradictio... more Introduction B. Andrew Lustig, Baruch A. Brody, Gerald P. McKenny 1: 'Compatible Contradictions: Religion and the Naturalization of Assisted Reproduction,' by Cristina Traina, Eugenia Georges, Marcia Inhorn, Susan Kahn, and Maura Ryan 2: 'Religion, Conceptions of Nature, and Assisted Reproductive Technology Policy,' by John H. Evans 3: 'Religious Traditions and Genetic Enhancement,' by Estuardo Aguilar, Cromwell Crawford, Karen Lebacqz, and Ted Peters 4: 'How Bioethics Can Inform Policy Decisions About Genetic Enhancement,' by Robert Cook-Deegan, Kathleen N. Lohr, and Julie Gage Palmer 5: 'The Machine in the Body: Ethical and Religious Issues in the Bodily Incorporation of Mechanical Devices,' by Courtney S. Campbell, James F. Keenan, David Loy, Kathleen Matthews, Terry Winograd, and Laurie Zoloth 6: 'Altering Nature: Medical Devices Policy and the Humanities: Examining Implantable Cardiac Devices,' by Jeremy Sugarman, Courtney Campbel...
Introduction B. Andrew Lustig, Baruch A. Brody, Gerald P. McKenny 1: 'Compatible Contradictio... more Introduction B. Andrew Lustig, Baruch A. Brody, Gerald P. McKenny 1: 'Compatible Contradictions: Religion and the Naturalization of Assisted Reproduction,' by Cristina Traina, Eugenia Georges, Marcia Inhorn, Susan Kahn, and Maura Ryan 2: 'Religion, Conceptions of Nature, and Assisted Reproductive Technology Policy,' by John H. Evans 3: 'Religious Traditions and Genetic Enhancement,' by Estuardo Aguilar, Cromwell Crawford, Karen Lebacqz, and Ted Peters 4: 'How Bioethics Can Inform Policy Decisions About Genetic Enhancement,' by Robert Cook-Deegan, Kathleen N. Lohr, and Julie Gage Palmer 5: 'The Machine in the Body: Ethical and Religious Issues in the Bodily Incorporation of Mechanical Devices,' by Courtney S. Campbell, James F. Keenan, David Loy, Kathleen Matthews, Terry Winograd, and Laurie Zoloth 6: 'Altering Nature: Medical Devices Policy and the Humanities: Examining Implantable Cardiac Devices,' by Jeremy Sugarman, Courtney Campbel...
Introduction B. Andrew Lustig, Baruch A. Brody, Gerald P. McKenny 1: 'Compatible Contradictio... more Introduction B. Andrew Lustig, Baruch A. Brody, Gerald P. McKenny 1: 'Compatible Contradictions: Religion and the Naturalization of Assisted Reproduction,' by Cristina Traina, Eugenia Georges, Marcia Inhorn, Susan Kahn, and Maura Ryan 2: 'Religion, Conceptions of Nature, and Assisted Reproductive Technology Policy,' by John H. Evans 3: 'Religious Traditions and Genetic Enhancement,' by Estuardo Aguilar, Cromwell Crawford, Karen Lebacqz, and Ted Peters 4: 'How Bioethics Can Inform Policy Decisions About Genetic Enhancement,' by Robert Cook-Deegan, Kathleen N. Lohr, and Julie Gage Palmer 5: 'The Machine in the Body: Ethical and Religious Issues in the Bodily Incorporation of Mechanical Devices,' by Courtney S. Campbell, James F. Keenan, David Loy, Kathleen Matthews, Terry Winograd, and Laurie Zoloth 6: 'Altering Nature: Medical Devices Policy and the Humanities: Examining Implantable Cardiac Devices,' by Jeremy Sugarman, Courtney Campbel...
... by B. Andrew Lustig and Baruch Brod.1. ""Spiritual and religious concepts of nature... more ... by B. Andrew Lustig and Baruch Brod.1. ""Spiritual and religious concepts of nature. by Aaron Mackle. Ebrahim Moos. Allen Verhe. Anne Klei. and Kurt Peter.2. ""Philosophical Approaches to Nature. by John H. Zammit. Philip J. Ivanho. Helen Longin. ...
Journal of the American Dietetic Association, 1991
Ethical concerns raised by the treatment of obesity include the following: the question of whethe... more Ethical concerns raised by the treatment of obesity include the following: the question of whether obesity treatment is accurately described as therapy or as research given its low percentage of long-term success; the need for standardized disclosure of the possibility of harms vs the low probability of benefits; the status of voluntary and informed consent as a meaningful model of patient cooperation in treatment in light of reported findings of "treatment addiction" as a recognized syndrome; and the policy issues raised by the absence of uniform standards for and regulatory oversight of weight loss programs.
It has been two years since the publication of Volume One of the Bioethics Yearbook, a short time... more It has been two years since the publication of Volume One of the Bioethics Yearbook, a short time in the life of an ancient civilization. Except for specific developments on several issues that will be reported in Section II of this essay, only a modest amount of reflection in bioethics has transpired since 1990 in Hindu thought or in Indian medical practice. Yet the same two years have been a long time in the life of a people in cultural transition. India has been torn by interreligious and communal strife which, although not new, has recently increased dramatically in ferocity and intensity. Strife between the Hindu and Muslim communities has engulfed most of India, and places that previously had been known for their inter-faith amity have been engulfed in flames.
Paul J. Weithman argues that I misrepresented central elements of Thomas Aquinas's justi... more Paul J. Weithman argues that I misrepresented central elements of Thomas Aquinas's justification of private property. While Weithman offers important corrective details to my own discussion, his effort to find in Thomas some quasi-absolute claim to private property as a ...
Several scholars have recently criticized the dominant emphasis upon mid-level principles in bioe... more Several scholars have recently criticized the dominant emphasis upon mid-level principles in bioethics best exemplified by Beauchamp and Childress's Principles of Biomedical Ethics. In Part I of this essay, I assess the fairness and cogency of three broad criticisms raised against 'principlism' as an approach: (1) that principlism, as an exercise in applied ethics, is insufficiently attentive to the dialectical relations between ethical theory and mortal practice; (2) that principlism fails to offer a systematic account of the principles of non-maleficence, beneficence, respect for autonomy, and justice; and (3) that principlism, as a version of moral pluralism, is fatally flawed by its theoretical agnosticism. While acknowledging that Beauchamp and Childress's reliance upon Ross's version of intuitionism is problematic, I conclude that the critics of principlism have failed to make a compelling case against its theoretical or practical adequacy as an ethical approach. In Part II, I assess the moral theory developed by Bernard Gert in Mortality: A New Justification of the Moral Rules, because Gert has recommended his approach as a systematic alternative to principlism. I judge Gert's theory to be seriously incomplete and, in contrast to principlism, unable to generate coherent conclusions about cases of active euthanasia and paternalism.
In response to my earlier critique of recent attempts to rebut principlism as an ethical approach... more In response to my earlier critique of recent attempts to rebut principlism as an ethical approach, Green, Gert, and Clouser (GG&C) have in turn offered their own critique of my appraisal. This essay identifies eight major criticisms GG&C raise in their response and offers a rejoinder to each. Among them, three are especially important: (1) that the label of 'deductivism' fails to capture GG&C's ethical method and should be replaced by 'descriptivism'; (2) that pluralistic accounts, including principlism, fail to offer any systematic way to resolve moral conflicts; and (3) that appeals to broader 'moral' principles beyond the moral rules are deceiving, since apparent differences in 'moral' judgment invariably involve disagreement about empirical facts rather than further moral considerations. In response to (1), I defend my earlier label by emphasizing the stipulated and invariant status of the moral rules GG&C invoke, even as I question the adequacy of their putative 'descriptivism'. In response to (2), I suggest the plausibility of pluralist approaches and reiterate the modified just-war criteria that Beauchamp and Childress invoke in situations when principles conflict. In response to (3), I suggest that a 'descriptivism' worthy of the name must systematically accommodate the appeal to moral principles that remains central to metaethical and normative discussions.
With characteristic erudition, Baruch Brody has made distinguished contributions to many areas in... more With characteristic erudition, Baruch Brody has made distinguished contributions to many areas in philosophy, ethics, and religious studies—including philosophy of science, philosophy of law, metaphysics, theoretical ethics, and applied ethics, among the latter especially bioethics, medical ethics, and health policy. Other contributors to this volume are ably equipped to explore Brody’s focused work on specific philosophical topics. As a scholar
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