An-Najah University Journal for Research - A (Natural Sciences)
Green technology “phytoremediation” approach was applied in WadiA lsamin in Hebron-Palestine to e... more Green technology “phytoremediation” approach was applied in WadiA lsamin in Hebron-Palestine to evaluate the plant efficiency in remediation of soil that is polluted with chromium (Cr). An open field controlled experiment was conducted to assess the efficiency of two plant species, namely corn (Zea mays) and tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum), in remediating the Cr-polluted soil. The concentration of Cr metal was determined in all plant parts (root, stem, leaf and fruit) for both plants using ICP-AES. The accumulation of Cr was higher in leaves than in the other plant parts for both plants with order of leaf>stem>root>fruit for corn plant and leaf>stem>fruit>root for tobacco. تم تطبيق التكنولوجيا الخضراء (الزراعة العلاجية) في منطقة وادي السمن (الملوثة بعنصر الكروم) في الخليل لتقييم كفاءة وقدرة نباتات الذرة الشامية و التبغ على امتصاص وتخزين عنصر الكروم في مختلف أجزائهما من اجل تنظيف التربة من هذا العنصر. تم قياس تركيز الكروم في أجراء كلا النباتين (جذر وساق وأوراق وثمار) با...
Surface runoff and erosion are the major contributors to soil degradation worldwide. These proces... more Surface runoff and erosion are the major contributors to soil degradation worldwide. These processes are especially severe in regions with sparse vegetation cover. A 2-year experiment was set up along an aridity gradient in Al-Khalil, Palestine, to quantify soil loss and water loss from arable fields and to test for the mitigating effect of native perennial filter strips in arable fields. Three useful native plant species were chosen as intercrops: Majorana syriaca, Salvia fruticosa and Salvia hierosolymitana. The water and soil losses were experimentally measured in all the treatments. The results showed that considerable amounts of water (223e288 m 3) and soil (3.2e5.6 ton ha À1) are lost from the fields. However, both total runoff and erosion were strongly reduced when the annual crop was intercropped with strips of native perennial plants (NPPs). The filter strips reduced the runoff by 34e89% and soil loss by 45e94%. This effect was more pronounced at the drier part of the studied sites and during the drier season. Our study implies that using filter strips of NPPs is a beneficial strategy for reducing runoff and soil erosion in the semi-arid regions of east Mediterranean.
Soils from 100 irrigated fields (95 under vegetables, 5 under citrus) in different geographical l... more Soils from 100 irrigated fields (95 under vegetables, 5 under citrus) in different geographical locations in the West Bank (Palestinian Autonomous Territory) were surveyed for hymexazol-insensitive (HIS) Pythium species using the surface soil dilution plate (SSDP) method with the VP3 medium amended with 50 mg/L hymexazol (HMI) (VP3H50), over a period of 12 months. HIS Pythium species were isolated from 37% of the soils surveyed, with mean population levels ranging from 4.3-1422 CFU g −1 dry weight. Eight HIS Pythium taxa were recovered on the VP3H50 medium, the most abundant of which was P. vexans (found in 29% of field soils surveyed). Seasonal variations in population levels of HIS Pythium species were studied in four fields over a period of 12 months. Significant seasonal variations in HIS population levels were detected in the four fields, with the highest population levels of HIS Pythium spp. encountered in spring and the lowest population levels in winter in three of the fields surveyed. Effects of HMI on linear growth and colony morphology of 149 Pythium ssp. isolates were examined on CMA amended with HMI at five concentrations. Pythium vexans isolates responded differently from those of the other Pythium species. Isolates of this important pathogen were more insensitive to HMI at high concentrations than the other main species tested. A large proportion of the P. ultimum isolates was either insensitive or weakly sensitive to HMI. Furthermore, a few isolates of other Pythium species were insensitive to the fungicide at various concentrations. The colony morphology of P. vexans isolates was not affected by HMI, whereas colonies of the other species showed sparse growth on the HMI amended medium relative to the control. The pathogenicity of P. vexans and P. ultimum isolates to cucumber seedlings was examined in growth chambers. Insensitive isolates of both species were found to be more virulent damping-off pathogens than the sensitive isolates. The present study demonstrates that HMI can not be used effectively in controlling Pythium spp. in soil inhabited with high densities of HIS Pythium spp. pathogens.
Soils from 100 irrigated fields (95 under vegetables, 5 under citrus) in different geographical l... more Soils from 100 irrigated fields (95 under vegetables, 5 under citrus) in different geographical locations in the West Bank (Palestinian Autonomous Territory) were surveyed for hymexazol-insensitive (HIS) Pythium species using the surface soil dilution plate (SSDP) method with the VP3 medium amended with 50 mg/L hymexazol (HMI) (VP3H50), over a period of 12 months. HIS Pythium species were isolated from 37 % of the soils surveyed, with mean population levels ranging from 4.3–1422 CFU g−1 dry weight. Eight HIS Pythium taxa were recovered on the VP3H50 medium, the most abundant of which was P. vexans (found in 29 % of field soils surveyed). Seasonal variations in population levels of HIS Pythium species were studied in four fields over a period of 12 months. Significant seasonal variations in HIS population levels were detected in the four fields, with the highest population levels of HIS Pythium spp. encountered in spring and the lowest population levels in winter in three of the fiel...
The degree to which projects follow ecological restoration principles is unclear. • A survey was ... more The degree to which projects follow ecological restoration principles is unclear. • A survey was addressed to a wide range of practitioners in the Mediterranean Basin. • An ecological restoration practice index revealed high variability among practices. • More scientific assistance and use of native species of local provenance are needed. • Long-term monitoring based on ecosystems' functions and services should be promoted.
An-Najah University Journal for Research - A (Natural Sciences)
Green technology “phytoremediation” approach was applied in WadiA lsamin in Hebron-Palestine to e... more Green technology “phytoremediation” approach was applied in WadiA lsamin in Hebron-Palestine to evaluate the plant efficiency in remediation of soil that is polluted with chromium (Cr). An open field controlled experiment was conducted to assess the efficiency of two plant species, namely corn (Zea mays) and tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum), in remediating the Cr-polluted soil. The concentration of Cr metal was determined in all plant parts (root, stem, leaf and fruit) for both plants using ICP-AES. The accumulation of Cr was higher in leaves than in the other plant parts for both plants with order of leaf>stem>root>fruit for corn plant and leaf>stem>fruit>root for tobacco. تم تطبيق التكنولوجيا الخضراء (الزراعة العلاجية) في منطقة وادي السمن (الملوثة بعنصر الكروم) في الخليل لتقييم كفاءة وقدرة نباتات الذرة الشامية و التبغ على امتصاص وتخزين عنصر الكروم في مختلف أجزائهما من اجل تنظيف التربة من هذا العنصر. تم قياس تركيز الكروم في أجراء كلا النباتين (جذر وساق وأوراق وثمار) با...
Surface runoff and erosion are the major contributors to soil degradation worldwide. These proces... more Surface runoff and erosion are the major contributors to soil degradation worldwide. These processes are especially severe in regions with sparse vegetation cover. A 2-year experiment was set up along an aridity gradient in Al-Khalil, Palestine, to quantify soil loss and water loss from arable fields and to test for the mitigating effect of native perennial filter strips in arable fields. Three useful native plant species were chosen as intercrops: Majorana syriaca, Salvia fruticosa and Salvia hierosolymitana. The water and soil losses were experimentally measured in all the treatments. The results showed that considerable amounts of water (223e288 m 3) and soil (3.2e5.6 ton ha À1) are lost from the fields. However, both total runoff and erosion were strongly reduced when the annual crop was intercropped with strips of native perennial plants (NPPs). The filter strips reduced the runoff by 34e89% and soil loss by 45e94%. This effect was more pronounced at the drier part of the studied sites and during the drier season. Our study implies that using filter strips of NPPs is a beneficial strategy for reducing runoff and soil erosion in the semi-arid regions of east Mediterranean.
Soils from 100 irrigated fields (95 under vegetables, 5 under citrus) in different geographical l... more Soils from 100 irrigated fields (95 under vegetables, 5 under citrus) in different geographical locations in the West Bank (Palestinian Autonomous Territory) were surveyed for hymexazol-insensitive (HIS) Pythium species using the surface soil dilution plate (SSDP) method with the VP3 medium amended with 50 mg/L hymexazol (HMI) (VP3H50), over a period of 12 months. HIS Pythium species were isolated from 37% of the soils surveyed, with mean population levels ranging from 4.3-1422 CFU g −1 dry weight. Eight HIS Pythium taxa were recovered on the VP3H50 medium, the most abundant of which was P. vexans (found in 29% of field soils surveyed). Seasonal variations in population levels of HIS Pythium species were studied in four fields over a period of 12 months. Significant seasonal variations in HIS population levels were detected in the four fields, with the highest population levels of HIS Pythium spp. encountered in spring and the lowest population levels in winter in three of the fields surveyed. Effects of HMI on linear growth and colony morphology of 149 Pythium ssp. isolates were examined on CMA amended with HMI at five concentrations. Pythium vexans isolates responded differently from those of the other Pythium species. Isolates of this important pathogen were more insensitive to HMI at high concentrations than the other main species tested. A large proportion of the P. ultimum isolates was either insensitive or weakly sensitive to HMI. Furthermore, a few isolates of other Pythium species were insensitive to the fungicide at various concentrations. The colony morphology of P. vexans isolates was not affected by HMI, whereas colonies of the other species showed sparse growth on the HMI amended medium relative to the control. The pathogenicity of P. vexans and P. ultimum isolates to cucumber seedlings was examined in growth chambers. Insensitive isolates of both species were found to be more virulent damping-off pathogens than the sensitive isolates. The present study demonstrates that HMI can not be used effectively in controlling Pythium spp. in soil inhabited with high densities of HIS Pythium spp. pathogens.
Soils from 100 irrigated fields (95 under vegetables, 5 under citrus) in different geographical l... more Soils from 100 irrigated fields (95 under vegetables, 5 under citrus) in different geographical locations in the West Bank (Palestinian Autonomous Territory) were surveyed for hymexazol-insensitive (HIS) Pythium species using the surface soil dilution plate (SSDP) method with the VP3 medium amended with 50 mg/L hymexazol (HMI) (VP3H50), over a period of 12 months. HIS Pythium species were isolated from 37 % of the soils surveyed, with mean population levels ranging from 4.3–1422 CFU g−1 dry weight. Eight HIS Pythium taxa were recovered on the VP3H50 medium, the most abundant of which was P. vexans (found in 29 % of field soils surveyed). Seasonal variations in population levels of HIS Pythium species were studied in four fields over a period of 12 months. Significant seasonal variations in HIS population levels were detected in the four fields, with the highest population levels of HIS Pythium spp. encountered in spring and the lowest population levels in winter in three of the fiel...
The degree to which projects follow ecological restoration principles is unclear. • A survey was ... more The degree to which projects follow ecological restoration principles is unclear. • A survey was addressed to a wide range of practitioners in the Mediterranean Basin. • An ecological restoration practice index revealed high variability among practices. • More scientific assistance and use of native species of local provenance are needed. • Long-term monitoring based on ecosystems' functions and services should be promoted.
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Papers by Ayman Salah