Papers by Aurélie Foucquier
les barbecues autour du lac, Eurodisney... Un merci tout particulierà Morgane, Nayely, Amélie, Jo... more les barbecues autour du lac, Eurodisney... Un merci tout particulierà Morgane, Nayely, Amélie, Joëlle et Magali pour leurécoute, leur soutien, leurs conseils avisés et nos supers soirées filles. Mercià Larbi et Emmanuel pour les mêmes raisons sauf les soirées filles, bien sûr et pour l'organisation du premier tournoi de foot inter-labo (et oui, c'est eux). Mercià Hugo, Xiaoxin, Blaise, Vu, Matteo, Vincent et tous les footeux d'avoir toujours fait preuve d'une motivation sans borne. Enfin, mercià mes post-docs adorés Audrey et Rodolphe d'avoirété mes amis et mes confidents pendant leur passage (trop court) au labo. J'en viens maintenantà ma famille. Je remercie d'abord mes parents Claire et Jean-Noël et ma belle-mère Isabelle d'avoir toujoursété là pour moi que ce soient dans les bons comme dans les mauvais moments et surtout je les remercie de m'avoir toujours soutenue dans mes choix. Je remercie mes deux soeurs Julie et Marie pour tout ce qu'elles font pour moi et pour toute la confiance qu'elles m'accordent. Je remercie mes deux petits frères Adrien et Romain de m'apporter autant de fierté d'être leur grande soeur. Je les remercie tous les quatre de toujours rester soudés. Je remercie ma marraine Marianne d'avoir toujoursété présente lors des grandsévénements de ma vie. Je remercie mes oncles et tantes : Marianne (la même) et Joss, Valérie et Paul, Jean-Bernard et Anne-Marie, Marie-Agnès et Jean-Paul et Laurence et Philippe ainsi que tous mes cousins (du plus vieux au plus jeune) Pierre,
Identifying building envelope thermal properties from the calibration of a lumped model raises id... more Identifying building envelope thermal properties from the calibration of a lumped model raises identifiability issues. Not only needs the simplified model to be structurally identifiable, i.e. deliver unique estimates after calibration, but also the data used might not be informative enough to result in either or both accurate estimates and physically interpretable values. This could particularly be the case when data is extracted from non intrusive in situ measurements, in the sense not disturbing potential occupancy. In this frame, this paper develops a method to investigate the physical interpretation of the parameters of lumped models through a numerical tests procedure. Each test runs a simulation of a comprehensive thermal model of a building, with variations in thermal resistance properties of the envelope. Each simulation delivers data used to calibrate a lumped model. The parameters of the lumped model are then physically interpretable if their value vary according to the variations of the comprehensive model. The overall test procedure is applied to the study of a 2R2C model. Results show that the calibration of this model delivers robust calibration results for all parameters but one and also shows satisfactory robustness of the estimation of the overall thermal resistance. This paper concludes that the numerical test procedure does allow to evaluate practical identifiability of lumped models, and will in future work be used to examine more complex lumped models.
Proceedings of Building Simulation 2019: 16th Conference of IBPSA, Jun 23, 2020
Representing one of the largest energy consumer, the building sector is an important issue in ter... more Representing one of the largest energy consumer, the building sector is an important issue in terms of energy consumption and climate change mitigation. In this sense, many different actions of building energy savings have been started. Among them, retrofitting measures have been taken for different building scales from the single housing units up to the district or building stock. Finding retrofitting solutions for a single house is relatively easy, whereas the building stock dimension remains a complex issue. To facilitate the work of building stock owners and local public authorities, the developed method allows identifying groups of buildings and also at the scale of the building stock to be used as input for the retrofitting actions optimization. The proposed approach consists in clustering the buildings of a given stock according to their characteristics before refurbishment-intrinsic variables as the geometry or the thermal propertiesand the resulting variables as the total or heating energy consumption. Consequently, a methodology based on a clustering analysis has been implemented. It consists of successive clustering steps on a "decision space" containing the intrinsic building features and an "objective space" enclosing the energy performance. One of the main results is knowledge that the usual building classification based on climate, year of construction and type is not always sufficient and justified: compactness and height of should also be taken into account.
Building Simulation Conference proceedings, Aug 28, 2013
In many countries, ambitious strategies and policies have been deployed to reduce building energy... more In many countries, ambitious strategies and policies have been deployed to reduce building energy consumption. The method usually advised by standards is the building energy simulation with a large choice of software as TrnSys or EnergyPlus. These dynamic simulation tools are widely used and their results are reliable. However, their major drawback is their lack of flexibility and their complexity with respect to the source code. Moreover, these tools feature exhaustive descriptions of buildings' thermal behaviour, which can be timeconsuming when such a degree of accuracy is not required. In this context, we chose to introduce our in-house model. Thus, we give in this article a brief description of this model. Then, we present a comparison and a validation of this model with the numerical software EnergyPlus on both small and high insulation monozone buildings. Moreover, we propose to study the effect of merging walls on the accuracy and the computation time.
HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe), Jun 12, 2023
Better estimation of air change rate in naturally ventilated buildings is a key for supporting pa... more Better estimation of air change rate in naturally ventilated buildings is a key for supporting passive summer thermal comfort strategies. In window aired configurations, this estimation is challenging either with measurements or building simulation methods. In this study, we describe and apply the state space modeling methodology based on the carbon dioxide concentration (CO2) mass balance equation to a simple test case with numerically generated data. We show that a two-state CO2 / Air Change Rate model is suitable. As a modeling novelty, we demonstrate the benefit of improving the formulation with a variable diffusion term for the air change rate state equation. From the test case study findings, we emphasize that a lower interior-exterior CO2 difference results in weaker performance and we list some prospects for future work.
HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe), May 19, 2022
RESUME. Cet article explore les données d'ambiance et de confort thermique dans le cas d'un burea... more RESUME. Cet article explore les données d'ambiance et de confort thermique dans le cas d'un bureau situé au Bourget du Lac, France. L'évaluation de la performance de la ventilation naturelle pour le rafraichissement estival est limitée par la difficulté à prédire les interactions entre les actions adaptatives de l'occupant (ouverture des fenêtres, utilisation du brasseur d'air, degré d'habillement) et son confort thermique réellement ressenti. Un des verrous à lever est de pouvoir prédire le confort thermique de l'occupant, dans un environnement et à un instant donné. Dans un premier temps, nous analysons les données recueillies et les confrontons aux modèles standards de confort adaptatif norme NF EN 16798-1 et modèle de Givoni. Ensuite, nous présentons une méthodologie de développement de modèles de prédiction du confort thermique à l'aide de différents algorithmes d'apprentissage statistique (régression linéaire multinomiale, KNN, arbres de décision et random forest) et nous évaluons la pertinence de la méthode SMOTE pour doper les catégories de confort sous représentées.
The FASEB Journal, Apr 1, 2013
We have developed a mathematical model called a “machine acinus.” The machine acinus has the size... more We have developed a mathematical model called a “machine acinus.” The machine acinus has the size and configuration of a real acinus and operates under realistic dynamics. All the complexity of O2 trapping and blood saturation are merged into a parameter called the integrative permeability, Ω, whose value is linked to the alveolar pressure, PA,O2, and the O2 uptake, VO2 (Foucquier et al., Respir Physiol Neurobiol, 2013).Dynamic convection‐diffusion equations for the machine acinus are solved numerically for rest and peak exercise. Besides the adaptation at rest to the cardiac output, the results demonstrate the necessity of a hypoxic vasoconstriction adaptation to diffusion limitations. We show that a healthy adult's breathing can be predicted, at rest and exercise, with only two parameters: the threshold pressure for vasoconstriction (close to 100 mmHg) and Ω. If we model emphysema and pulmonary edema as a loss of acinar surface and a decrease in the permeability, respectively, we find that a safety margin against these diseases exists at rest. For instance, VO2 preserves 90% of its normal value under 50% surface reduction. In addition, our model predicts that the acinar region where the diseases take place is important. When the surface loss is concentrated in a distal region, VO2 is significantly reduced compared to that with the loss in the proximal region.This work was supported by Air Liquide Santé International.
Numerical Heat Transfer Part A-applications, Jan 17, 2019
HAL is a multidisciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific re... more HAL is a multidisciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers. L'archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d'enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés. Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike| 4.0 International License
Applied Energy, Apr 1, 2021
The thermal characterisation of a building envelope is usually best performed from on-site measur... more The thermal characterisation of a building envelope is usually best performed from on-site measurements with optimised controlled indoor conditions. Conversely, occupant-friendly measurement conditions provide less informative data. Notwithstanding occupancy, the boundary conditions alone contribute to a greater extent to the energy balance, which implies that non-intrusive conditions bring into question the reproducibility and relevance of such measurement. This paper proposes an original numerical methodology to assess the reproducibility and accuracy of the estimation of the overall thermal resistance of an envelope under variable weather conditions. A comprehensive building energy model serves as reference model to produce synthetic data mimicking non-intrusive conditions, each with a different weather dataset. An appropriate model is calibrated from the synthetic data and provides a thermal resistance estimate. The accuracy of the estimates is then assessed in light of the particular weather conditions used for data generation. The originality also lies in the set of weather data that allow for uncertainty and global sensitivity analyses of all estimates with respect to six weather variables. The methodology is applied to a one-storey house reference model, for which thermal resistance is inferred from calibrated RC models. Robust estimations are achieved within 11 days. The outdoor temperature and the wind speed are highly influential because of the large air change rate in the case study.
International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, Jul 1, 2020
The in situ estimation of the thermal properties of existing building wall materials is a computa... more The in situ estimation of the thermal properties of existing building wall materials is a computationally expensive procedure. Its cost is highly proportional to the duration of measurements. To decrease the computational cost a methodology using a D-optimum criterion to select an optimal experiment duration is proposed. This criterion allows to accurately estimate the thermal properties of the wall using a reduced measurement plan. The methodology is applied to estimate the thermal conductivity of the three-layer wall of a historical building in France. Three different experiment sequences (one, three and seven days) and three spatial distributions of the thermal conductivity are investigated. Then using the optimal duration of observations the thermal conductivity is estimated using the hybrid optimization method. Results show a significant reduction of computational time; and reliable simulation of physical phenomena using the estimated values.
Building Simulation, Oct 19, 2020
Within the framework of building energy assessment, this article proposes to use a derivative bas... more Within the framework of building energy assessment, this article proposes to use a derivative based sensitivity analysis of heat transfer models in a building envelope. Two, global and local, estimators are obtained at low computational cost, to evaluate the influence of the parameters on the model outputs. Ranking of these estimators values allows to reduce the number of model unknown parameters by excluding non-significant parameters. A comparison with variance and regression-based methods is carried out and the results highlight the satisfactory accuracy of the continuous-based approach. Moreover, for the carried investigations the approach is 100 times faster compared to the variance-based methods. A case study applies the method to a real-world building wall. The sensitivity of the thermal loads to local or global variations of the wall thermal is investigated. Additionally, a case study of wall with window is analyzed.
Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors, Oct 1, 2011
... At least three scales of convection in a mantle with strongly temperature-dependent viscosity... more ... At least three scales of convection in a mantle with strongly temperature-dependent viscositySophie Androvandi a , Anne Davaille b , Angela Limare a ... eg Davaille et al, 2002, 2005; Jellinek et al, 2003; Gonnermann et al, 2004; Schubert et al, 2004; McNamara and Zhong, 2005 ...
arXiv (Cornell University), Nov 27, 2020
The thermal characterisation of a building envelope is usually best performed from on site measur... more The thermal characterisation of a building envelope is usually best performed from on site measurements with controlled heating power setpoints. Occupant-friendly measurement conditions provide on the contrary less informative data. Notwithstanding occupancy, the boundary conditions alone contribute to a greater extent to the energy balance. Non intrusive conditions question therefore the repeatability and relevance of such experiment. This paper proposes an original numerical methodology to assess the repeatability and accuracy of the estimation of an envelope's overall thermal resistance under variable weather conditions. A comprehensive building energy model serves as reference model to produce multiple synthetic datasets. Each is run with a different weather dataset from a single location and serves for the calibration of an appropriate model, which provides a thermal resistance estimate. The estimate's accuracy is then assessed in the light of the particular weather conditions that served for data generation. The originality also lies in the use of stochastically generated weather datasets to perform an uncertainty and global sensitivity analysis of all estimates with respect to 6 weather variables. The methodology is applied on simulated data from a one-storey house case study serving as reference model. The thermal resistance estimations are inferred from calibrated stochastic RC models. It is found that 11 days are necessary to achieve robust estimations. The large air change rate in the case study explains why the outdoor temperature and the wind speed are found highly influential.
The FASEB Journal
We have developed a mathematical model called a “machine acinus.” The machine acinus has the size... more We have developed a mathematical model called a “machine acinus.” The machine acinus has the size and configuration of a real acinus and operates under realistic dynamics. All the complexity of O2 trapping and blood saturation are merged into a parameter called the integrative permeability, Ω, whose value is linked to the alveolar pressure, PA,O2, and the O2 uptake, VO2 (Foucquier et al., Respir Physiol Neurobiol, 2013).Dynamic convection‐diffusion equations for the machine acinus are solved numerically for rest and peak exercise. Besides the adaptation at rest to the cardiac output, the results demonstrate the necessity of a hypoxic vasoconstriction adaptation to diffusion limitations. We show that a healthy adult's breathing can be predicted, at rest and exercise, with only two parameters: the threshold pressure for vasoconstriction (close to 100 mmHg) and Ω. If we model emphysema and pulmonary edema as a loss of acinar surface and a decrease in the permeability, respectively,...
36th International Conference on Efficiency, Cost, Optimization, Simulation and Environmental Impact of Energy Systems (ECOS 2023)
F1000Research, Oct 21, 2010
Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe - HAL - Université de Nantes, May 19, 2022
Building Simulation Conference Proceedings
In cold and temperate climates, the increase of the buildings airtightness favoured a good energy... more In cold and temperate climates, the increase of the buildings airtightness favoured a good energy performance but took part to the degradation of the indoor air quality (IAQ). Several methods exists to improve the IAQ and among them, the optimization of the ventilation strategy is one of the most efficient. This paper introduces a methodology combining a mathematical optimization technique and the building energy simulation in order to propose an optimal ventilation strategy monitored on two IAQ criteria while keeping in mind the energy efficiency aspect. In-situ feasibility of the ventilation system has also been taken into account through a smoothness objective of the ventilation profile calculation. Results allowed configuring efficiently the parameters of the ventilation algorithm. Moreover, each of them appeared to be robust according to the different climates.
Building Simulation Conference Proceedings
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Papers by Aurélie Foucquier