Books by Ani N Onuabuchi
Innocent Izuchukwu Ujah, 2022
Background: Kiwano, commonly called horned melon is a common fruit consumed in the tropics for it... more Background: Kiwano, commonly called horned melon is a common fruit consumed in the tropics for its nutritional and therapeutic value. This study evaluated the composition of some bioactive compounds in the rind of the fruit as well as its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects using in vitro methods. Methods: The rind of the fruits of kiwano were peeled out, pulverized and extracted with 80% ethanol. The bioactive compounds evaluated were phenol, flavonoid, beta carotene, lycopene and ascorbic acid. The antioxidant properties were evaluated using DPPH, iron reducing power and inhibition of lipid peroxidation assays. Ascorbic acid served as the standard. The anti-inflammatory property was measured in-vitro using anti-proteinase activity, inhibition of albumin denaturation and membrane stabilization assay systems. Aspirin and diclofenac served as reference drugs Results: Phenol and flavonoids were the bioactive compounds found in higher concentration than the rest with concentrations of 261.73±13.54 and 130.86±9.66 mgGAE/ml of the dry matter respectively. In the antioxidant assay, the highest activity of more than 50% was recorded in DPPH assay. The maximum percentage radical scavenging activity of the extract was 76.74% at 800 µg/ml with a drop in activity at 1000 µg/ml (75.02%) and EC 50 value of 230 µg/ml. Ascorbic acid exhibited 96.35% scavenging activity of radicals at 1000 µg/ml and EC 50 value of 260 µg/ml. For the Original Research Article
Papers by Ani N Onuabuchi
GSC biological and pharmaceutical sciences, Mar 30, 2022
Cucumis metuliferus commonly called Kiwano is a well-known plant in the middle belt area of Niger... more Cucumis metuliferus commonly called Kiwano is a well-known plant in the middle belt area of Nigeria. It is consumed for nutritional and medicinal purposes. This study evaluated the bioactive compound content, In-vitro antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of ethanol extract of the seed of Cucumis metuliferus fruit. The antioxidant properties were evaluated using DPPH (2, 2 diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) radical, iron reducing power and inhibition of lipid peroxidation tests. Ascorbic acid served as standard. The anti-inflammatory activity at concentration of 200-1000 µg/ml was measured In-vitro using anti-proteinase activity, membrane stabilization and inhibition of albumin denaturation assay systems. Aspirin and diclofenac were used as reference drugs. The bioactive compounds evaluated were phenol, flavonoid, beta carotene, lycopene and ascorbic acid. From the result, the seed extract contains phenol (149.40±9.93 mgGAE/g), flavonoids (97.84±2.84 mgCE/g), beta carotene (0.110±0.001 mg/g), lycopene (0.085±0.001 mg/g) and ascorbic acid (0.190±0.028 mgAA/g). In the antioxidant assays, the antioxidant activities were dependent on the concentration. At lower concentrations, the seed extract displayed higher activity in all the assays compared with the standard. The DPPH scavenging and lipid inhibition abilities of the seed were more potent with lower IC50 while the reductive potential of the standard was better. From the anti-inflammatory assays, the seed extract exhibited antiproteinase activity of 0-8.78%, membrane stabilization (inhibition of heat-induced haemolysis) activity of 5.13-20.51% and percent inhibition of albumin denaturation of 0.78-16.15%. These results showed that ethanol extract of Cucumis metuliferus seed contains bioactive compounds which are beneficial to health and possess antioxidant and antiinflammatory abilities.
Asian Journal of Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
The pursuit of healthy lifestyle has led to increased demand for fruits and vegetables. Fruit jui... more The pursuit of healthy lifestyle has led to increased demand for fruits and vegetables. Fruit juice in particular, is increasingly receiving attention because of the therapeutic benefits derived from its consumption. The bioactive compounds in fruit juice have various pharmacological applications. Cucumis metuliferus is a plant of the Cucurbitaceae family. The fruit has a high water content and sought after to quench thirst. The ethno-medicinal properties of the fruit requires investigation of all the parts in order to maximally utilize it. Therefore, in this study, the phytochemical and vitamin composition of the juice were investigated. The assays were conducted using standard methods. From the result, the phytochemicals present were phytate (0.33 ± 0.03%), alkaloids (0.48 ± 0.06%), saponins (0.19 ± 0.04%), cardiac glycosides (0.46 ± 0.16%), Oxalate (3.24 ± 0.38 mg/ml), tannins (108.79 ± 5.16 mg TAE/g) and phenols (0.06 ± 0.01 mg GAE/ml). The vitamin present were vitamin A (198.51...
Journal of Complementary and Alternative Medical Research
Background: Fruit rinds/peels form major part of food waste, yet they possess nutrients and biolo... more Background: Fruit rinds/peels form major part of food waste, yet they possess nutrients and biologically-active constituents which have been found useful in nutrition and therapy. Nevertheless, the safety of their usage is a drawback and therefore requires a complete evaluation of their safety profile. This study evaluated the biochemical, hematological and histological toxic effects of the ethanol extract of the fruit rind of Cucumis metuliferus in albino rats. Methods: The acute oral toxicity test (LD50) was done using Lorke’s method and then 16 male albino rats in four (4) groups (A, B, C and D) of four rats (4) with mean weight of 173.8 g were daily administered orally with 100, 200, 400 mg/kg body weight of the extract respectively with group D serving as the control. Treatment lasted for 14 days after which blood samples were collected for biochemical and hematological assays. Kidney, liver and heart were removed and fixed in 10% formalin solution for histological studies. Res...
Journal of Applied Life Sciences International
Background: Kiwano, commonly called horned melon is a common fruit consumed in the tropics for it... more Background: Kiwano, commonly called horned melon is a common fruit consumed in the tropics for its nutritional and therapeutic value. This study evaluated the composition of some bioactive compounds in the rind of the fruit as well as its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects using in vitro methods. Methods: The rind of the fruits of kiwano were peeled out, pulverized and extracted with 80% ethanol. The bioactive compounds evaluated were phenol, flavonoid, beta carotene, lycopene and ascorbic acid. The antioxidant properties were evaluated using DPPH, iron reducing power and inhibition of lipid peroxidation assays. Ascorbic acid served as the standard. The anti-inflammatory property was measured in-vitro using anti-proteinase activity, inhibition of albumin denaturation and membrane stabilization assay systems. Aspirin and diclofenac served as reference drugs Results: Phenol and flavonoids were the bioactive compounds found in higher concentration than the rest with concentratio...
International Journal of Biochemistry Research & Review, 2020
This study investigated the in-vitro antioxidant activity of ethanol leaf extract of Justicia car... more This study investigated the in-vitro antioxidant activity of ethanol leaf extract of Justicia carnea and its effect on antioxidant status of alloxan-induced diabetic albino rats. The in-vitro antioxidant activity was assayed by determining the total phenol, flavonoids, ascorbic acid, β-carotene and lycopene contents and by using 2,2 diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical, reducing antioxidant power and inhibition of lipid peroxidation antioxidant systems. Oxidative stress was produced in rats by single intraperitoneal injection of 150 mg/kg alloxan and serum concentration of malonaldehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) were determined. Five experimental groups of rats (n=6) were used for the study. Two groups of diabetic rats received oral daily doses of 100 and 200 mg/kg Justicia carnea leaf extract respectively while gilbenclamide (5 mg/ml); a standard diabetic drug was also given to a specific group for 14 days. From the result, the leaf extract contained ...
Journal of Biochemistry and Analytical studies, 2021
The present study investigated the effects of sublethal concentrations of dichlorvos on liver mar... more The present study investigated the effects of sublethal concentrations of dichlorvos on liver marker enzymes (aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase), acid phosphatase (ACP), serum total protein (STP), bilirubin, urea and creatinine in African Catfish (Clarias gariepinus) juveniles at sub acute period under laboratory conditions. A total of 90 juveniles of Clarias gariepinus with average weight and length of 200.15 ± 0.09g and 26.00 ± 0.00cm respectively were kept in three experimental groups of 30 per group in triplicate of 10 fishes. Groups 1 and 2 were exposed to dichlorvos at dosages of 21 and 43mg/l respectively and group 3 served as control for 15 experimental days. Analyses were carried out on days 1, 5, 10 and 15. From the results, there was no significant changes in the biochemical parameters tested on day 1 of the experiment but levels of the liver enzymes, ACP and bilirubin increased significantly (p<0.05) on other experimental da...
Asian Journal of Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, 2020
Cocoyam (C. esculenta) is an aroid that is grown most importantly for edible corms. C. esculenta ... more Cocoyam (C. esculenta) is an aroid that is grown most importantly for edible corms. C. esculenta is used by the locals, it has been noted that when used as feed, it causes swelling of the lips, mouth and throat. The aim of this work was to investigate the proximate, anti-nutrients and elemental constituents of C. esculenta. Proximate, elemental and anti-nutrient constituents of C. esculenta were investigated. For the mineral composition Atomic absorption spectrometer was used, while a standard method of analysis by American Organization of Analytical Chemistry was adopted for the proximate analysis and anti-nutrient composition. After the experiment, the data obtained were presented as mean± SD and were subjected to statistical analysis using student T-test, to determine the level of significance at p≤0.05. The results showed that for the two samples, the flour processed with the bark has highest concentrations of carbohydrate and minerals, but the bark has a higher concentration of...
Asian Journal of Research in Biochemistry, 2020
In this study, the nutritional and chemical contents of the stem bark of Cissus populnea were det... more In this study, the nutritional and chemical contents of the stem bark of Cissus populnea were determined. The analyses were carried out using standard methods. The proximate analyses showed that the sample contains crude protein (1.49±0.02%), crude fibre (22.13±0.62%), crude fat (13.07±0.26%), carbohydrates (56.04±0.78%), ash (4.605±0.23%) and moisture (2.665±0.33%). The vitamin content comprise of vitamin A (2.805±0.03 mg/g), β-Carotene (1.795±0.03 mg/g), vitamin B1 (0.93±0.02 mg/g), vitamin B2 (1.755±0.15 mg/g), vitamin B9 (1.67±0.10 mg/g), vitamin C (2.235±0.17 mg/g), vitamin D (2.02±0.1 mg/g), vitamin E (1.41±0.08 mg/g) and vitamin K (2.425±0.21 mg/g). The phytochemical screening revealed the presence of alkaloids (1.551 ±0.03 mg/g), flavonoids (0.761±0.10 mg/g), saponins (2.208±0.07 mg/g), steroids (1.452±0.04 mg/g), tannins (1.987±0.01 mg/g), terpenoids (1.530±0.09 mg/g) and phenols (0.447±0.06 mg/g). Glycoside was not detected. The results indicate that the stem bark of Cissu...
Asian Journal of Research in Biochemistry, 2020
The aim of this study was to compare the minerals, heavy metals and amino acids compositions of t... more The aim of this study was to compare the minerals, heavy metals and amino acids compositions of the seeds and juice of Cucumis metuliferus. The minerals and heavy metals content were evaluated using FS240AA agilent atomic absorption spectrometer according to the method of American Public Health Association while the amino acids content was evaluated using High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). From the mineral analysis, concentrations of calcium (23.416 ppm), aluminum (0.094 ppm), manganese (0.242 ppm) and iron (1.243 ppm) were higher in the juice than in the seeds with respective values of 20.084 ppm, 0.079 ppm, 0.221 ppm and 0.934 ppm while the concentrations of magnesium (29.749 ppm), zinc (4.184 ppm), copper (0.125 ppm), sodium (8.927 ppm) and potassium (7.594 ppm) were higher in the seeds than in the juice with respective values of 20.592 ppm, 1.271 ppm, 0.030 ppm, 8.594 ppm and 6.833 ppm. The juice had higher concentrations of heavy metals such as arsenic (20.082 ppm),...
International Journal of Biochemistry Research & Review, 2020
The aim of this study was to evaluate the in-vitro inhibitory potential of various leaf extracts ... more The aim of this study was to evaluate the in-vitro inhibitory potential of various leaf extracts of Justicia carnea on alpha-amylase and alpha-glucosidase activities and the anti-diabetic activity of the ethanol leaf extract using albino wistar rats. The analyses were carried out using standard biochemical methods. The oral acute toxicity test (LD50) in rats of the ethanol leaf extract was determined using Lorke’s method. Diabetes was induced in the rats by a single intraperitoneal dose of 120 mg/kg. b.w of alloxan. Six (6) experimental groups of rats (n=6) were used for the study. Three groups of diabetic rats received oral daily doses of 200 mg/kg, 400 mg/kg and 600 mg/kg ethanol leaf extract of Justicia carnea respectively while gilbenclamide (5 mg/ml); a standard diabetic drug was administered to a specific group. Treatment lasted for 14 days. From the results of the in-vitro inhibitory activity, the different extracts of Justicia carnea demonstrated dose dependent strong inhibi...
Journal of Complementary and Alternative Medical Research, 2020
Cucumis metuliferus also known as horned melon is a plant belonging to the Cucurbitaceae family w... more Cucumis metuliferus also known as horned melon is a plant belonging to the Cucurbitaceae family which has been reported to have medicinal value. Every part of the plant is consumed, except the rind, although edible is mostly discarded as waste. Solid food waste contributes to greater percentage of pollution in our environment. Therefore, to minimize food wastage, the nutritional and medicinal value of the rind need to be evaluated to promote its usage. Hence, this study was aimed to investigate the proximate, phytochemical and vitamin compositions of the rind of Cucumis metuliferus. The analyses were carried out using standard methods. The proximate analyses showed that the rind contained high concentrations of carbohydrate (54.84%), moisture (18.40%) and crude fibre (11.34%); moderate concentration of crude fat (8.89%) with low concentration of ash (3.59%) and crude protein (2.95%). From the result of the phytochemical analysis, the rind contained varied concentrations of alkaloids...
International Journal of Biochemistry Research & Review, 2020
This study was aimed to investigate the effect of high sub-chronic doses of the aqueous and metha... more This study was aimed to investigate the effect of high sub-chronic doses of the aqueous and methanol leaf extracts of Loranthus micranthus on biochemical parameters of albino rats. Acute toxicity studies were performed according to standard methods. The animals were divided into 5 groups (n = 5). Aqueous and methanol extracts of L. micranthus leaves were administered in doses of 1000 and 2000 mg/kg body weight to four groups of rats respectively for 30 days through the intraperitoneal route. The fifth group served as control and received saline (5 ml/kg b.w, i.p). Blood samples were collected by retrorbital puncture and analyzed for biochemical and haematological parameters using assay kits. Acute toxicity studies indicated that both extracts had an LD50 > 5000 mg/kg. The results indicated significant (p<0.001) increases in alkaline phosphatase serum levels in both extract treated groups. The extracts also produced significant elevation in serum bilirubin levels when...
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Books by Ani N Onuabuchi
Papers by Ani N Onuabuchi