The Aegilops cylindrica Host (jointed goatgrass) is the only native Aegilops species in Hungary. ... more The Aegilops cylindrica Host (jointed goatgrass) is the only native Aegilops species in Hungary. Its native area runs continuously from the Mediterranean region to Western Asia, while the northern part of the western border proceeds through the Carpathian Basin. A complete census and analysis of Aegilops cylindrica occurrence data in Hungary has not yet carried out. The objectives of this study were to (i.) collect all accessible floristic (herbarium, published and unpublished) data of this species, (ii.) to present it's current distribution, and (iii.) to evaluate it's distribution in relation to recent climatic conditions. The historical and recent occurrences have been collated and interpreted in a Geographical Information System (GIS), while the large dataset was suitable for different analysis. The first gridbased distributi on map of the species is presented. Altogether 748 floristic records were gathered during the study. Of these, 296 herbarium and 218 literature dat...
Karst depressions (dolines) have the potential to act as safe havens for a high diversity of valu... more Karst depressions (dolines) have the potential to act as safe havens for a high diversity of valuable species. We showed that local anthropogenic disturbances play a significant role in determining the naturalness of dolines. We compared the number of specialist species, competitor species, generalist species and species of disturbed habitats between natural and disturbed dolines in two Hungarian karst areas, where different types of anthropogenic disturbances have been shaping the vegetation for centuries. We found that these disturbances have the potential to negatively influence the naturalness of dolines, reducing the number of valuable species, thus affecting the conservation value of dolines. To maintain the naturalness of vegetation in these doline habitats, the populations of ruderal competitors should be eliminated, and sustainable forest management should be adapted. However, there are still open questions about the effects of different disturbances on the naturalness in d...
This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which... more This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Karst landscapes are among the topographically most complex systems with various microhabitats, w... more Karst landscapes are among the topographically most complex systems with various microhabitats, where species can persist despite unfavourable macro-environmental changes. These microhabitats can also function as stepping stones during range shifts. Although the enclosed depressions (dolines, sinkholes or tiankengs) of karst landscapes may act as such safe havens, data on the functional diversity of their animal assemblages are scarce. Here, we investigate the functional diversity (i.e., certain functional groups and functional traits) of ant assemblages in dolines and study whether dolines surrounded by resource-poor environments (i.e., Fagus sylvatica forests) may function as safe havens for different kinds of ants. We found that dolines have the potential to maintain distinctive ant assemblages characterised by specific functional groups and traits that are rare in the surrounding habitats. Although continuous Fagus sylvatica cover in dolines had a detrimental impact on ant assem...
Dolines are local depressions of karst surfaces. They can be considered potential microrefugia fo... more Dolines are local depressions of karst surfaces. They can be considered potential microrefugia for various species. We investigated the species composition and vegetation pattern of two medium-sized dolines in Hungary before and 10 years after logging, and analysed how different species groups (oak forest species, beech and ravine forest species and disturbance-tolerant species) were affected. The cover and number of oak forest species and disturbance-tolerant species increased, while the cover and number of beech and ravine forest species decreased within dolines due to logging. Therefore, their species composition and vegetation pattern have changed substantially, and dolines have partially lost their capacity to act as safe havens for plant species adapted to cooler conditions.
Fine-scale topographic complexity creates important microclimates that can facilitate species to ... more Fine-scale topographic complexity creates important microclimates that can facilitate species to grow outside their main distributional range and increase biodiversity locally. enclosed depressions in karst landscapes ('dolines') are topographically complex environments which produce microclimates that are drier and warmer (equator-facing slopes) and cooler and moister (pole-facing slopes and depression bottoms) than the surrounding climate. We show that the distribution patterns of functional groups for organisms in two different phyla, Arthropoda (ants) and Tracheophyta (vascular plants), mirror this variation of microclimate. We found that north-facing slopes and bottoms of solution dolines in northern Hungary provided key habitats for ant and plant species associated with cooler and/or moister conditions. Contrarily, south-facing slopes of dolines provided key habitats for species associated with warmer and/or drier conditions. species occurring on the surrounding plateau were associated with intermediate conditions. We conclude that karst dolines provide a diversity of microclimatic habitats that may facilitate the persistence of taxa with diverse environmental preferences, indicating these dolines to be potential safe havens for multiple phyla under local and global climate oscillations. Environmental heterogeneity is often positively related to biodiversity 1-4. Topography and biological structures can create microhabitats with unique microclimates 5-7 , which species may depend on for survival 8,9. These microhabitats may be warmer, drier, cooler and/or moister than the prevailing regional climate 5,10 , creating a mosaic of microclimates that can allow species to survive changes in their environment by migrating short distances between microhabitats 10,11. These fine-scale mosaics improve a species' chances to persist in a landscape, calling into question the results of large-scale (resolutions ≥1 km 2) species distribution models 7,9,12,13. As a result, attempts to regionally model climatic data at 50-100 m resolution have been made 7,13. Furthermore, topographic complexity can create habitats that remain environmentally more stable through time, even as regional climate changes. Such habitats may therefore facilitate the persistence of biodiversity and are known as refugia 14-16. Refugia are important for conservation planning and may offer the only chance of in situ survival for many species 17-19. Microrefugia are small areas that provide such suitable pockets of relatively stable
Red wood ants are keystone species of forest ecosystems in Europe. Environmental factors and habi... more Red wood ants are keystone species of forest ecosystems in Europe. Environmental factors and habitat characteristics affect the size of their nest mounds, an important trait being in concordance with a colony's well-being and impact on its surroundings. In this study, we investigated the effect of large-scale (latitude and altitude) and small-scale environmental factors (e.g., characteristics of the forest) on the size of nest mounds of Formica polyctena in Central Europe. We predicted that the change in nest size is in accordance with Bergmann's rule that states that the body size of endotherm animals increases with the higher latitude and/or altitude. We found that the size of nests increased along the latitudinal gradient in accordance with Bergmann's rule. The irradiation was the most important factor responsible for the changes in nest size, but temperature and local factors, like the perimeter of the trees and their distance from the nest, were also involved. Considering our results, we can better understand the long-term effects and consequences of the fast-changing environmental factors on this ecologically important group. This knowledge can contribute to the planning of forest management tactics in concordance with the assurance of the long-term survival of red wood ants.
Összefoglalás: A közép-európai fl óratérképezési hálózatban pótlásokat közlünk az Magyarország ed... more Összefoglalás: A közép-európai fl óratérképezési hálózatban pótlásokat közlünk az Magyarország edényes növényfajainak elterjedési atlasza (Atlas Florae Hungariae, AFH) elterjedési térképeihez. Összesen 330 fajnak 475, alapmezőnegyed szinten új adatát adjuk közre 54 térképezési egységből. A listában nyolc olyan termesztett, de kivadulásra hajlamos faj szerepel, amelyeket az AFH nem tárgyal (pl. Th uja orientalis, Trigonella coerulea, Lupinus luteus), továbbá 11 olyan, zömmel termálvízi egzóta is, amelyek a hazai határozókba sem kerültek még be (pl. Cyperus eragrostis, Hygrophyla, Limnophyla és Lobelia fajok). Az adatok zöme a Nyírség, Zempléni-hegység, Bükk hegység és a Kisalföld területéről került elő. Florisztikai vagy természetvédelmi szempontból jelentősebbek a következők: Huperzia selago, Lycopodium annotinum, Th elypteris palustris, Dianthus serotinus, Jovibarba globifera, Hippuris vulgaris, Ribes alpinum, Veronica scardica, Carlina acaulis, Achillea ptarmica, Stratiotes aloides, Carex hartmanii, Sternbergia colchicifl ora, továbbá hét orchidea faj új adatai. Az idegenhonos invazív fajok közül fi gyelemre méltóak az Impatiens parvifl ora, I. balfourii, Erechtites hieracifolia, illetve a regionális inváziót mutató Secale sylvestre adatai. A legtöbb adat a nyírségi mészkerülő homoki fl óra fajairól (Bassia lanifl ora, Spergula pentandra, Minuartia viscosa, Plantago arenaria, Filago minima) került közlésre.
Dolines are depressions in karst landscapes that are of high value for conservation, providing ha... more Dolines are depressions in karst landscapes that are of high value for conservation, providing habitats and supporting species not found in the surrounding landscape. This is due to their high microhabitat diversity and ability to decouple microclimate from regional climate changes, making them potential refugia for biodiversity. Nevertheless, local anthropogenic disturbances have had considerable impact on the species composition and vegetation structure of many dolines. Here we investigate the conservation value of dolines in three European karst areas, where different levels and types of anthropogenic disturbances have been shaping the vegetation for centuries, using the number of plant species that are cool-adapted, moist-adapted and of high conservation importance (i.e. vulnerable species) as indicators. We found that anthropogenic disturbances generally have a negative impact, reducing the number of vulnerable species supported by dolines. However, more cool-adapted and moist-...
Dolines are depressions in karst landscapes that are of high value for conservation, providing ha... more Dolines are depressions in karst landscapes that are of high value for conservation, providing habitats and supporting species not found in the surrounding landscape. This is due to their high microhabitat diversity and ability to decouple microclimate from regional climate changes, making them potential refugia for biodiversity. Nevertheless, local anthropogenic disturbances have had considerable impact on the species composition and vegetation structure of many dolines. Here we investigate the conservation value of dolines in three European karst areas, where different levels and types of anthropogenic disturbances have been shaping the vegetation for centuries, using the number of plant species that are cool-adapted, moist-adapted and of high conservation importance (i.e. vulnerable species) as indicators. We found that anthropogenic disturbances generally have a negative impact, reducing the number of vulnerable species supported by dolines. However, more cool-adapted and moist-...
Herbarium revisions and recent field observations revealed the occurrence of Viola collina Besser... more Herbarium revisions and recent field observations revealed the occurrence of Viola collina Besser in the Bükk and Uppony Mts. (northern Hungary). This species has not been reported from the North Hungarian Mountains thus far. Altogether 94 localities of V. collina have been recorded in that region between 2007 and 2014. A map of the species' local distribution is provided. Local habitat preferences of V. collina are briefly discussed.
The Hungarian Red Data Book (NÉMETH 1989) represents the threatened vascular plants of Hungary; h... more The Hungarian Red Data Book (NÉMETH 1989) represents the threatened vascular plants of Hungary; however, it was published nearly 20 years ago. To date, our know-ledge is greatly broadened on the flora of the country, so the former Red List is already obsolete. The authors have elaborated a new variant of the Red List of the threatened Hungarian vascular plants between 2004–2007, which intends to provide a more current approximation to the threaten status of the Hungarian vascular flora after the Millennium. The nomenclature of the current Red List follows the comprehensive work of SOÓ (1980). Additional remarks concerning the Hungarian threaten status, taxonomic problems or the most important Hungarian references are also added to the list for each taxon. The new compilation of the Red List (Table 5) takes only indigenous plants or archeophytes species into consideration. Neophytes were normally excluded from the list, except for some long-ago established and definitely declining sp...
The Hungarian Red Data Book (NÉMETH 1989) represents the threatened vascular plants of Hungary; h... more The Hungarian Red Data Book (NÉMETH 1989) represents the threatened vascular plants of Hungary; however, it was published nearly 20 years ago. To date, our know-ledge is greatly broadened on the flora of the country, so the former Red List is already obsolete. The authors have elaborated a new variant of the Red List of the threatened Hungarian vascular plants between 2004–2007, which intends to provide a more current approximation to the threaten status of the Hungarian vascular flora after the Millennium. The nomenclature of the current Red List follows the comprehensive work of SOÓ (1980). Additional remarks concerning the Hungarian threaten status, taxonomic problems or the most important Hungarian references are also added to the list for each taxon. The new compilation of the Red List (Table 5) takes only indigenous plants or archeophytes species into consideration. Neophytes were normally excluded from the list, except for some long-ago established and definitely declining sp...
The Vargyas Gorge is situated in the northern part of the Persány Mountains (Eastern Carpathians ... more The Vargyas Gorge is situated in the northern part of the Persány Mountains (Eastern Carpathians in Romania), close to the village Homoródalmás (Mereşti) on the borders of two counties (Harghita and Covasna). The gorge, which is cut by the Vargyas brook into a Jurassic and Cretacic limestone mass, is about 3,5 km long and over 200m high in certain places, between the altitudes of 930 metres above sea level, with an average temperature of 7,4°C with annual precipitation of 1460 mm. Authors present an account of its flora based on literatures and on their collecting data. A detailed phytogeographical analysis will follow together with a vegetation description.
The Aegilops cylindrica Host (jointed goatgrass) is the only native Aegilops species in Hungary. ... more The Aegilops cylindrica Host (jointed goatgrass) is the only native Aegilops species in Hungary. Its native area runs continuously from the Mediterranean region to Western Asia, while the northern part of the western border proceeds through the Carpathian Basin. A complete census and analysis of Aegilops cylindrica occurrence data in Hungary has not yet carried out. The objectives of this study were to (i.) collect all accessible floristic (herbarium, published and unpublished) data of this species, (ii.) to present it's current distribution, and (iii.) to evaluate it's distribution in relation to recent climatic conditions. The historical and recent occurrences have been collated and interpreted in a Geographical Information System (GIS), while the large dataset was suitable for different analysis. The first gridbased distributi on map of the species is presented. Altogether 748 floristic records were gathered during the study. Of these, 296 herbarium and 218 literature dat...
Karst depressions (dolines) have the potential to act as safe havens for a high diversity of valu... more Karst depressions (dolines) have the potential to act as safe havens for a high diversity of valuable species. We showed that local anthropogenic disturbances play a significant role in determining the naturalness of dolines. We compared the number of specialist species, competitor species, generalist species and species of disturbed habitats between natural and disturbed dolines in two Hungarian karst areas, where different types of anthropogenic disturbances have been shaping the vegetation for centuries. We found that these disturbances have the potential to negatively influence the naturalness of dolines, reducing the number of valuable species, thus affecting the conservation value of dolines. To maintain the naturalness of vegetation in these doline habitats, the populations of ruderal competitors should be eliminated, and sustainable forest management should be adapted. However, there are still open questions about the effects of different disturbances on the naturalness in d...
This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which... more This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Karst landscapes are among the topographically most complex systems with various microhabitats, w... more Karst landscapes are among the topographically most complex systems with various microhabitats, where species can persist despite unfavourable macro-environmental changes. These microhabitats can also function as stepping stones during range shifts. Although the enclosed depressions (dolines, sinkholes or tiankengs) of karst landscapes may act as such safe havens, data on the functional diversity of their animal assemblages are scarce. Here, we investigate the functional diversity (i.e., certain functional groups and functional traits) of ant assemblages in dolines and study whether dolines surrounded by resource-poor environments (i.e., Fagus sylvatica forests) may function as safe havens for different kinds of ants. We found that dolines have the potential to maintain distinctive ant assemblages characterised by specific functional groups and traits that are rare in the surrounding habitats. Although continuous Fagus sylvatica cover in dolines had a detrimental impact on ant assem...
Dolines are local depressions of karst surfaces. They can be considered potential microrefugia fo... more Dolines are local depressions of karst surfaces. They can be considered potential microrefugia for various species. We investigated the species composition and vegetation pattern of two medium-sized dolines in Hungary before and 10 years after logging, and analysed how different species groups (oak forest species, beech and ravine forest species and disturbance-tolerant species) were affected. The cover and number of oak forest species and disturbance-tolerant species increased, while the cover and number of beech and ravine forest species decreased within dolines due to logging. Therefore, their species composition and vegetation pattern have changed substantially, and dolines have partially lost their capacity to act as safe havens for plant species adapted to cooler conditions.
Fine-scale topographic complexity creates important microclimates that can facilitate species to ... more Fine-scale topographic complexity creates important microclimates that can facilitate species to grow outside their main distributional range and increase biodiversity locally. enclosed depressions in karst landscapes ('dolines') are topographically complex environments which produce microclimates that are drier and warmer (equator-facing slopes) and cooler and moister (pole-facing slopes and depression bottoms) than the surrounding climate. We show that the distribution patterns of functional groups for organisms in two different phyla, Arthropoda (ants) and Tracheophyta (vascular plants), mirror this variation of microclimate. We found that north-facing slopes and bottoms of solution dolines in northern Hungary provided key habitats for ant and plant species associated with cooler and/or moister conditions. Contrarily, south-facing slopes of dolines provided key habitats for species associated with warmer and/or drier conditions. species occurring on the surrounding plateau were associated with intermediate conditions. We conclude that karst dolines provide a diversity of microclimatic habitats that may facilitate the persistence of taxa with diverse environmental preferences, indicating these dolines to be potential safe havens for multiple phyla under local and global climate oscillations. Environmental heterogeneity is often positively related to biodiversity 1-4. Topography and biological structures can create microhabitats with unique microclimates 5-7 , which species may depend on for survival 8,9. These microhabitats may be warmer, drier, cooler and/or moister than the prevailing regional climate 5,10 , creating a mosaic of microclimates that can allow species to survive changes in their environment by migrating short distances between microhabitats 10,11. These fine-scale mosaics improve a species' chances to persist in a landscape, calling into question the results of large-scale (resolutions ≥1 km 2) species distribution models 7,9,12,13. As a result, attempts to regionally model climatic data at 50-100 m resolution have been made 7,13. Furthermore, topographic complexity can create habitats that remain environmentally more stable through time, even as regional climate changes. Such habitats may therefore facilitate the persistence of biodiversity and are known as refugia 14-16. Refugia are important for conservation planning and may offer the only chance of in situ survival for many species 17-19. Microrefugia are small areas that provide such suitable pockets of relatively stable
Red wood ants are keystone species of forest ecosystems in Europe. Environmental factors and habi... more Red wood ants are keystone species of forest ecosystems in Europe. Environmental factors and habitat characteristics affect the size of their nest mounds, an important trait being in concordance with a colony's well-being and impact on its surroundings. In this study, we investigated the effect of large-scale (latitude and altitude) and small-scale environmental factors (e.g., characteristics of the forest) on the size of nest mounds of Formica polyctena in Central Europe. We predicted that the change in nest size is in accordance with Bergmann's rule that states that the body size of endotherm animals increases with the higher latitude and/or altitude. We found that the size of nests increased along the latitudinal gradient in accordance with Bergmann's rule. The irradiation was the most important factor responsible for the changes in nest size, but temperature and local factors, like the perimeter of the trees and their distance from the nest, were also involved. Considering our results, we can better understand the long-term effects and consequences of the fast-changing environmental factors on this ecologically important group. This knowledge can contribute to the planning of forest management tactics in concordance with the assurance of the long-term survival of red wood ants.
Összefoglalás: A közép-európai fl óratérképezési hálózatban pótlásokat közlünk az Magyarország ed... more Összefoglalás: A közép-európai fl óratérképezési hálózatban pótlásokat közlünk az Magyarország edényes növényfajainak elterjedési atlasza (Atlas Florae Hungariae, AFH) elterjedési térképeihez. Összesen 330 fajnak 475, alapmezőnegyed szinten új adatát adjuk közre 54 térképezési egységből. A listában nyolc olyan termesztett, de kivadulásra hajlamos faj szerepel, amelyeket az AFH nem tárgyal (pl. Th uja orientalis, Trigonella coerulea, Lupinus luteus), továbbá 11 olyan, zömmel termálvízi egzóta is, amelyek a hazai határozókba sem kerültek még be (pl. Cyperus eragrostis, Hygrophyla, Limnophyla és Lobelia fajok). Az adatok zöme a Nyírség, Zempléni-hegység, Bükk hegység és a Kisalföld területéről került elő. Florisztikai vagy természetvédelmi szempontból jelentősebbek a következők: Huperzia selago, Lycopodium annotinum, Th elypteris palustris, Dianthus serotinus, Jovibarba globifera, Hippuris vulgaris, Ribes alpinum, Veronica scardica, Carlina acaulis, Achillea ptarmica, Stratiotes aloides, Carex hartmanii, Sternbergia colchicifl ora, továbbá hét orchidea faj új adatai. Az idegenhonos invazív fajok közül fi gyelemre méltóak az Impatiens parvifl ora, I. balfourii, Erechtites hieracifolia, illetve a regionális inváziót mutató Secale sylvestre adatai. A legtöbb adat a nyírségi mészkerülő homoki fl óra fajairól (Bassia lanifl ora, Spergula pentandra, Minuartia viscosa, Plantago arenaria, Filago minima) került közlésre.
Dolines are depressions in karst landscapes that are of high value for conservation, providing ha... more Dolines are depressions in karst landscapes that are of high value for conservation, providing habitats and supporting species not found in the surrounding landscape. This is due to their high microhabitat diversity and ability to decouple microclimate from regional climate changes, making them potential refugia for biodiversity. Nevertheless, local anthropogenic disturbances have had considerable impact on the species composition and vegetation structure of many dolines. Here we investigate the conservation value of dolines in three European karst areas, where different levels and types of anthropogenic disturbances have been shaping the vegetation for centuries, using the number of plant species that are cool-adapted, moist-adapted and of high conservation importance (i.e. vulnerable species) as indicators. We found that anthropogenic disturbances generally have a negative impact, reducing the number of vulnerable species supported by dolines. However, more cool-adapted and moist-...
Dolines are depressions in karst landscapes that are of high value for conservation, providing ha... more Dolines are depressions in karst landscapes that are of high value for conservation, providing habitats and supporting species not found in the surrounding landscape. This is due to their high microhabitat diversity and ability to decouple microclimate from regional climate changes, making them potential refugia for biodiversity. Nevertheless, local anthropogenic disturbances have had considerable impact on the species composition and vegetation structure of many dolines. Here we investigate the conservation value of dolines in three European karst areas, where different levels and types of anthropogenic disturbances have been shaping the vegetation for centuries, using the number of plant species that are cool-adapted, moist-adapted and of high conservation importance (i.e. vulnerable species) as indicators. We found that anthropogenic disturbances generally have a negative impact, reducing the number of vulnerable species supported by dolines. However, more cool-adapted and moist-...
Herbarium revisions and recent field observations revealed the occurrence of Viola collina Besser... more Herbarium revisions and recent field observations revealed the occurrence of Viola collina Besser in the Bükk and Uppony Mts. (northern Hungary). This species has not been reported from the North Hungarian Mountains thus far. Altogether 94 localities of V. collina have been recorded in that region between 2007 and 2014. A map of the species' local distribution is provided. Local habitat preferences of V. collina are briefly discussed.
The Hungarian Red Data Book (NÉMETH 1989) represents the threatened vascular plants of Hungary; h... more The Hungarian Red Data Book (NÉMETH 1989) represents the threatened vascular plants of Hungary; however, it was published nearly 20 years ago. To date, our know-ledge is greatly broadened on the flora of the country, so the former Red List is already obsolete. The authors have elaborated a new variant of the Red List of the threatened Hungarian vascular plants between 2004–2007, which intends to provide a more current approximation to the threaten status of the Hungarian vascular flora after the Millennium. The nomenclature of the current Red List follows the comprehensive work of SOÓ (1980). Additional remarks concerning the Hungarian threaten status, taxonomic problems or the most important Hungarian references are also added to the list for each taxon. The new compilation of the Red List (Table 5) takes only indigenous plants or archeophytes species into consideration. Neophytes were normally excluded from the list, except for some long-ago established and definitely declining sp...
The Hungarian Red Data Book (NÉMETH 1989) represents the threatened vascular plants of Hungary; h... more The Hungarian Red Data Book (NÉMETH 1989) represents the threatened vascular plants of Hungary; however, it was published nearly 20 years ago. To date, our know-ledge is greatly broadened on the flora of the country, so the former Red List is already obsolete. The authors have elaborated a new variant of the Red List of the threatened Hungarian vascular plants between 2004–2007, which intends to provide a more current approximation to the threaten status of the Hungarian vascular flora after the Millennium. The nomenclature of the current Red List follows the comprehensive work of SOÓ (1980). Additional remarks concerning the Hungarian threaten status, taxonomic problems or the most important Hungarian references are also added to the list for each taxon. The new compilation of the Red List (Table 5) takes only indigenous plants or archeophytes species into consideration. Neophytes were normally excluded from the list, except for some long-ago established and definitely declining sp...
The Vargyas Gorge is situated in the northern part of the Persány Mountains (Eastern Carpathians ... more The Vargyas Gorge is situated in the northern part of the Persány Mountains (Eastern Carpathians in Romania), close to the village Homoródalmás (Mereşti) on the borders of two counties (Harghita and Covasna). The gorge, which is cut by the Vargyas brook into a Jurassic and Cretacic limestone mass, is about 3,5 km long and over 200m high in certain places, between the altitudes of 930 metres above sea level, with an average temperature of 7,4°C with annual precipitation of 1460 mm. Authors present an account of its flora based on literatures and on their collecting data. A detailed phytogeographical analysis will follow together with a vegetation description.
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