Open Letters & Public Appeals by Anders Aslund
Ukraine World , 2018
If changes to the current sanctions rules are made, it will be virtually impossible to apply sanc... more If changes to the current sanctions rules are made, it will be virtually impossible to apply sanctions in the future AGAINST ANY MEMBER STATE.
Papers by Anders Aslund
Transition, Jun 30, 1998
Poland's Grzegorz W. Kolodko on New Treinds in Development Strategies New development policies ar... more Poland's Grzegorz W. Kolodko on New Treinds in Development Strategies New development policies are emerging after 10 years of experience with the transition process. Both theoreticians and policymakers are revising earlier theories about the market-state relationship, scrutinizing privatization processes, tackling deregulation arrangements with a fresh attitude, and attempting to deal with the far-reaching consequences of globalization. The World Bank is at the forefront of this revision process. Grzegorz W Kolodko, Poland's first vice prime minister and finance minister between 1994 and 1997, is a visiting fellow in the Bank's Development Research Group. Having gained both theoretical underpinning from years of studies on transition issues while a professor at the Warsaw School of Economics and Yale University, and practical experience as a policymaker, he is currently working on a study titled 'Transition to a Market and Sustained Growth: Implications for the Post-Washington Consensus." Revision of the Washington Consensus was a major topic of the following interview with Transition editor Richard Hirschler. Q. There are more and more signs that tion has been paid to their distinguising we have entered the era of post-Wash-characteristics. W hat's Inside ington Consensus. It would help to clarify what the Washington Consen-Western experts assumed that these Beyond the Washington Consensus 4 sus meant in the first place. postsocial st economies simply were af-Dangers of State Retrenchment 6 fected by inancial disequilibria, nonper-A. The transition strategies in Eastern forming debt, and high inflation similar to Russia's Emergency Program 8 Europe and in the states of the former So-the distorted economies of Latin America. Would Ruble Devaluation Help? 10 viet Union have been based, and in some But these countries had system-specific countries still are largely based, on the defects: these were shortage-ridden China and the Asian Crisis 12 so-called Washington Consensus. Origi-economies (in some cases 100 percent Vietnam's Unique Growth Path 14 nally the Consensus was a response to owned by the state), economies without Latin America's structural crisis in the any type cf market organizations or insti-Vietnam's Economic Rethinking 16 1980s, a kind of policy advice agreed in tutions. Western advisers also preferred Milestones of Transition 18 Washington between important organizato believe that market institutions-even tions such as the International Monetary if they were unsophisticated, underdevel-Ukraine's Troubled Finances 19 Fund (IMF), the World Bank, and the U.S. oped, or in any embryonic state-were DHL on EU Customs Reform 21 Treasury. It had the following message: present in these economies. It's by no "Liberalize as much as you can, privatize means a coincidence that the few coun-World Bank/lMF Agenda 22 as fast as you can, and be tough in fiscal tries that had some earlier experience with Conference Diary 27 and monetary matters!" This policy advice markets-Hungary, Poland, and Slovenia , .~~~~New Books and Working Papers 29 has been applied-mainly through the (Yugoslavia) included-were able to over-IMF and the World Bank-to the transi-come their transition pains much faster Bibliography of Selected Articles 35 tion economies. Unfortunately, little atten-than the ethers. For the other economies Macroeconomics and Growth Development Research Group
Russia's Crony Capitalism, 2019
How Capitalism Was Built
The global financial crisis of 2008 plunged the world economy into its deepest downturn in 70 yea... more The global financial crisis of 2008 plunged the world economy into its deepest downturn in 70 years. Recovery is now well underway, but important challenges remain. This paper studies the crisis, government policy responses, and the ongoing recovery, with particular emphasis on international dimensions
SSRN Electronic Journal, 2021
Beyond Transition, 2017
... 31.8 32.4 38.8 72.6 61.0 45.6 34.9 47.3 38.2 47.4 53.5 Country Poland Czech Republic Slovakia... more ... 31.8 32.4 38.8 72.6 61.0 45.6 34.9 47.3 38.2 47.4 53.5 Country Poland Czech Republic Slovakia Hungary Romania Bulgaria Estonia Latvia Lithuania Russia Belarus Ukraine Moldova Armenia Azerbaijan Georgia Kazakhstan Kyrgyzstan Tajikistan Turkmenistan Uzbekistan ...
Journal of International Affairs, 2003
As the countries achieve international prominence, and the focus on post-Communist transition fad... more As the countries achieve international prominence, and the focus on post-Communist transition fades away, labeling them the "stans" fails to capture the vital economic and political differences that each nation faces. How each country deals with their individual challenges will determine their course of development. ********** In the late 1990s, the West did little but complain about the five former Soviet republics in Central Asia. Often lumped together as the "stans," Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan were known for their human rights violations and high levels of corruption. The agenda of post-Communist transformation seemed to have faded away in these countries. On 11 September 2001, everything changed, and the strategic importance of Central Asia became evident. Contrary to popular perception, Central Asia is currently the most dynamic part of the world, with an average growth rate of no less than 10 percent in 2001. As the West...
Post-Soviet Geography and Economics, 1999
Choice Reviews Online, 2009
... The work of Åslund and Kuchins benefited enormously from draft contribution and mate-rials fr... more ... The work of Åslund and Kuchins benefited enormously from draft contribution and mate-rials from a virtual working group including Edward Chow, Thomas Graham, Sergei Guriev, Gary Clyde Hufbauer, Dmitri Trenin, Maxim Tru-doliubov, Aleh Tsyvinski, Judyth Twigg, and ...
We propose five priority areas for reform. First, the fundamental problem in Ukraine, as in other... more We propose five priority areas for reform. First, the fundamental problem in Ukraine, as in other postcommunist countries, is that the state rules its citizens, rather than serving them. The relationship between state and citizens must change. To win the confidence of its citizens, the state machinery must become efficient and effective through real control by society and law. Second, citizens need to have adequate living conditions, so that society can enjoy stability and security. Third, the tax system and the legal base of the financial system need to be improved to stimulate economic growth. Fourth, a clear line must be drawn between state and private enterprise, so that property rights can be fully guaranteed. The relations between entrepreneurs and the state should be clearly defined in law and reinforced by an impartial and competent judiciary. Fifth, Ukraine's integration into the world economy must be facilitated through early accession to the World Trade Organization (WTO). Progress in these key areas will allow the country to flourish as it should. Our Key Recommendations This report contains over one hundred specific recommendations that we urge the new President of Ukraine to enact, or at least initiate work on, within one year of his inauguration. Some recommendations are more important than others; here we identify the top priorities. Most fundamental is political reform. The details are controversial, but the guiding principles are clear. First, a clear division of responsibility and accountability is vital. Second, the rulers must ultimately be responsible to society. Third, to enforce accountability, transparency is necessary. Fourth, government must be monitored through effective, professional, and independent auditing. Ukraine's current economic achievements all rest on fiscal and monetary stability. This stability must be maintained in the future, as a necessary precondition for sustainable economic growth. The independence of the National Bank of Ukraine should be strengthened, and the central bank should focus on maintaining price stability. Recent excessive and populist
have benefi ted greatly from a staff seminar at the Peterson Institute. I am grateful for excelle... more have benefi ted greatly from a staff seminar at the Peterson Institute. I am grateful for excellent research assistance from Natalia Aivazova and editing by Madona Devasahayam. I have done two small pieces on this topic (Åslund 2011 and 2012). Any remaining mistakes are mine.
Market Socialism or the Restoration of Capitalism?
The Transformation of the Former Soviet Bloc, 2001
Asia Policy, 2010
book review roundtable • the russia balance sheet past 500 years has exposed the reality of Russi... more book review roundtable • the russia balance sheet past 500 years has exposed the reality of Russia's economic underachievement. Russian living standards did improve after the Soviet Union collapsed because resources were diverted from military use, but per capita GDP in 1989-2006 was unchanged. 9 There was no post-Communist Russian economic miracle, nor should one have been expected, and no one can say whether there will be one until the legacy of the 2008-10 global crisis can be assessed. 10 9 Angus Maddison, The World Economy: Historical Statistics (Paris: Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, 2003), and subsequent electronic updates.
The Transformation of the Former Soviet Bloc
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Open Letters & Public Appeals by Anders Aslund
Papers by Anders Aslund