2022 28th International Workshop on Thermal Investigations of ICs and Systems (THERMINIC)
Ge-rich GeSbTe N-doped alloys present a solution for the reliability and thermal stability requir... more Ge-rich GeSbTe N-doped alloys present a solution for the reliability and thermal stability requirements of Phase Change Memories for embedded non-volatile memory automotive applications. The thermal performance of these memories is defined by the optimization of crystallization temperature, kinetics and thermal properties of materials and interfaces. In this work, we study the structural evolution and crystallization temperature of Ge-rich GeSbTe N-doped alloy from amorphous phase to complete crystallization by Raman spectroscopy. We highlight the beginning of crystallization process by Ge crystallization, followed by crystallization of both GeTe and SbTe related structures. Further, the sensitivity of the vibrational modes present in this ternary chalcogenide alloy to temperature and power is examined to identify potential thermometers. Finally, we present the working principle of Raman thermometry to extract the thermal conductivity aided by finite-element calculations and report the thermal conductivity of Ge-rich GeSbTe N-doped alloy.
2019 5th International Conference On Computing, Communication, Control And Automation (ICCUBEA)
In today's world, many online platforms like WhatsApp, Twitter are being used for spreading r... more In today's world, many online platforms like WhatsApp, Twitter are being used for spreading rumors which influence the minds of millions. Many approaches have been proposed to estimate rumors but very few have been implemented in real world. The ubiquity of social networks has made us vulnerable to various network risks. It has also made difficult to develop efficient strategies to quickly and accurately identify rumor sources. We attempt to implement one such algorithm in order to showcase its effectiveness in tackling rumor spreading in social networks like Twitter. The proposed Onion Model uses the modularity of the network to find out the most likely module where the source belong and then finds the source in that most likely module. We model the spreading of rumor in social network by using the popular Susceptible-Infected (SI) model and then construct maximum likelihood estimator, originally used to estimate the source of computer virus in a network. This estimator is based upon a novel combinatorial quantity termed as rumor centrality. We evaluate our algorithm using large datasets namely SNAP facebook, SNAP Email-Enron and SNAP twitter. Simulations show that the proposed Onion Model finds the source within 3 hops 86.36 percent of the time, when the number of the nodes in the networks are less than 7000. And finally, we statistically compare the accuracy of the algorithm for different size and type of social networks.
Purpose: Natamycin (NTM) ophthalmic suspension is the only FDA-approved formulation commercially ... more Purpose: Natamycin (NTM) ophthalmic suspension is the only FDA-approved formulation commercially available for treating ocular fungal infections. However, precorneal residence times and losses/drainage remain the foremost challenges associated with current ocular antifungal pharmacotherapy. In our previous investigations, NTM loaded polyethylene glycol nanolipid carriers (NTM-PNLCs) showed enhanced corneal permeation, both in vitro and in vivo. To further improve the corneal retention of NTM-PNLCs, this study aimed to develop a gelling system composed of carboxyvinyl polymer, guar gum, and boric acid in which the NTM-PNLCs were loaded. Methods: A 2 3 factorial design was employed in formulating and optimizing the gelling system for NTM-PNLCs, where the independent factors were the gelling excipients (guar gum, boric acid, and Carbopol Ò 940) and dependent variables were gelling time, gel depot collapse time, rheology, firmness, and work of adhesion. Optimized gel was evaluated for transcorneal permeation using rabbit cornea, in vitro; and tear pharmacokinetics and ocular biodistribution in male New Zealand White rabbits, in vivo. Results: Optimized NTM-PNLC-GEL was found to exhibit shear thinning rheology, adequate firmness, and spreadability, and formed a depot that did not collapse immediately. In addition, the in vitro transcorneal evaluation studies indicated that the NTM-PNLC-GEL exhibited a lower/slower flux and rate in comparison to Natacyn Ò suspension. NTM-PNLC-GEL (0.3%), at a 16-fold lower dose, exhibited mean residence time and elimination half-life comparable to Natacyn (5%), and provided similar in vivo concentrations in the innermost tissues of the eye. Conclusion: The data indicate that the NTM-PNLC-GEL formulation could serve as an alternative during ophthalmic antifungal therapy.
Algorithms and Architectures for Parallel Processing, 2020
Devices constituting the Internet of Things (IoT) have become widely used, therein generating a l... more Devices constituting the Internet of Things (IoT) have become widely used, therein generating a large amount of sensitive data. The communication of these data across IoT devices and over the public Internet makes them susceptible to several cyber attacks. In this paper, we propose an efficient blockchain approach based on the secret computational model of a physically unclonable function (PUF). The proposed framework aims to guarantee authentication of the devices and the miner with a faster verification process compared to existing blockchain techniques. Furthermore, the combination of the blockchain and PUF allows us to propose an efficient framework that guarantees data provenance and data integrity in IoT networks. The proposed framework employs PUFs, which provide unique hardware fingerprints for establishing data provenance. Smart contracts based on the blockchain provide a decentralized digital ledger that is able to resist data tampering attacks.
The traditional hand water pump may take more efforts, the man who operates traditional hand wate... more The traditional hand water pump may take more efforts, the man who operates traditional hand water pump has to apply his force continuously on the lever of pump, due to which man who are using this pump get tired immediately. One important think of a pump with a pendulum is that the work is alleviated or in simple terms it makes work rather easier when is compared with a traditional hand water pump. It is due to this underlined feature which enables the pendulum pump to be used as an efficient mode in the irrigation of smaller lots, water-wells. By the use of pendulum based water pumping system we can increase the efficiency of the plant and reduce the effort, cost of production, production time, and manpower requirement. The research done fill today is concentrated on the working and effectiveness of the mechanism only. Considering all of the advantages of the mechanism it was decided to use it for lifting water with the help of reciprocating pump such that the input to the mechani...
Additional file 6: Figure S6. Alignment of RV MHR sequences including XtERV-S and mouse ERV-L. MH... more Additional file 6: Figure S6. Alignment of RV MHR sequences including XtERV-S and mouse ERV-L. MHR is defined by three conserved residues and a fourth site occupied by a hydrophobic residue, all with conserved spacing as shown in the consensus sequence.
Additional file 8: Table S1. Genome positions and age of the XtERV-S like elements in Xenopus tro... more Additional file 8: Table S1. Genome positions and age of the XtERV-S like elements in Xenopus tropicalis.
Additional file 4: Figure S4. Dot-plot and alignments compare the XtERV-S and XlERV-S genomes. Ar... more Additional file 4: Figure S4. Dot-plot and alignments compare the XtERV-S and XlERV-S genomes. Arrows indicate the site of insertions in the XlERV-S proviral sequence. Dots in the alignment represent identities. Shaded portions represent different regions of the proviruses – LTR (grey), PBS (red), gag (yellow), pol (green) and env (blue).
2018 International Conference on Smart City and Emerging Technology (ICSCET), 2018
Ration card plays a vital role for the household details such as to get gas connection, family me... more Ration card plays a vital role for the household details such as to get gas connection, family member details, it acts as address proof etc. In this paper, we have proposed a smart ration card system using Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) Technique and loT to prevent the malpractices and corruption in the current ration distribution system. In this system conventional ration card will be replaced by a unique RFID tag. This RFID tag will be verified at the fair price shop for the authentication of the user. The user's identity will be verified by microcontroller which is connected to an Amazon Web Services (AWS) database. For added security One Time Password (OTP) is also sent to user's registered mobile number which needs to be entered in the system. If user is found to be authentic then monthly quota of the ration available for the user is displayed. After successful transaction the database will be updated stating the ration content delivered to the user. This system will require very less human efforts for operation and is also very secure. By implementing this system government can keep track of all the delivered ration content very easily.
The worldwide requirement of electricity is increasing day by day with increasing population. The... more The worldwide requirement of electricity is increasing day by day with increasing population. There are several methods for developing electricity. But this paper focuses on waste heat recovery. This project involves the electricity generator (Seebeck effect). Heat can be a good source to produce power. These modules are connected in series and parallel manner, which are attached at the hot junction created by the hot waste coming out of the chimney. The cold side is maintained cold with the help of water jacket around modules and fins are provided on the surface of water. To keep the water jacket, cool for long time, fins are used for proper heat transfer. Advanced design of chimney increases the waste heat temperature, which helps for more power generation. Heat is converted into electricity, which is useful for driving any electronic setup. This is the effective manner of heat generation from waste flue gasses.
2017 International Conference on Smart grids, Power and Advanced Control Engineering (ICSPACE), 2017
This paper proposes a novel approach of fault detection and location within electrical power grid... more This paper proposes a novel approach of fault detection and location within electrical power grids. As being vulnerable to various types of faults in the system: Line to Line(L-L), Line to Ground(L-G), Line to Line to Ground(L-L-G), Line to Line to Line to Ground(L-L-L-G), the grids also suffer due to the harmonics within the transmission line due to the increasing dependency and interconnection of Renewable energy sources to the grids. In this paper, the Indian transmission grid synchronized with Intelligent Electronic Devices(IEDs) are employed to get the system parameter values and transfer it real-time using Profibus to the microprocessor which then sends the data to the database. From the database, the data is then drawn into the SCADA control system and the operation of isolation of a faulty node is performed on the grid side. An Intelligent system is developed using Dynamic algorithm where the database filters the incoming data and directs the data according to the program in...
International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology, 2021
Nowadays, Power Plants, Solar panels, Heating Towers and, large windmills are often located in re... more Nowadays, Power Plants, Solar panels, Heating Towers and, large windmills are often located in remote areas and sometimes have heating issues. To detect these issues an operator must climb these high spaces and check for heating issues. So It involves a risk of life. It incurs high costs for sending multiple teams with safety gear to numerous towers and panels. It requires tons of your time to climb every single tower and check issues manually. So for a simple process, we propose a replacement system whereby we use a thermal screening drone to instantly scan for heating issues at a really fast pace. The drone uses a controller to work for the flight and ensure an extended range control. The thermal sensor may be a low-resolution sensor that will be wont to find thermal heating issues from a close range of objects. The thermal sensor footage is recorded using raspberry pi for later screening. Thus the drone automates and adds safety to the thermal screening process. In this way, we will ease the method and help industries to take care of more safety to avoid accidents.
To better characterize the performance of variable-speed DX (Direct Expansion) equipment in a lab... more To better characterize the performance of variable-speed DX (Direct Expansion) equipment in a laboratory environment, a load-based psychrometric chamber testing methodology has been developed as an alternative to existing steady-state testing approaches. The methodology allows equipment to respond dynamically to a virtual building model using its integrated controls. To mimic an actual building, a virtual building model incorporates sensible and latent loads along with simple lumped capacitance building dynamics that interact with the variablespeed equipment. The rated capacity of the test equipment is used along with a specified sizing factor and target sensible heat ratio (SHR) to specify the building sensible and latent load models. Two companion papers (Patil el al. (2018) and Dhillon et al. (2018)) present the overall methodology and results for different variable-speed heat pumps using default building parameters. This paper studies the impact of the virtual building sizing fa...
Background Retroviruses exist as exogenous infectious agents and as endogenous retroviruses (ERVs... more Background Retroviruses exist as exogenous infectious agents and as endogenous retroviruses (ERVs) integrated into host chromosomes. Such endogenous retroviruses (ERVs) are grouped into three classes roughly corresponding to the seven genera of infectious retroviruses: class I (gamma-, epsilonretroviruses), class II (alpha-, beta-, delta-, lentiretroviruses) and class III (spumaretroviruses). Some ERVs have counterparts among the known infectious retroviruses, while others represent paleovirological relics of extinct or undiscovered retroviruses. Results Here we identify an intact ERV in the Anuran amphibian, Xenopus tropicalis. XtERV-S has open reading frames (ORFs) for gag, pol (polymerase) and env (envelope) genes, with a small additional ORF in pol and a serine tRNA primer binding site. It has unusual features and domain relationships to known retroviruses. Analyses based on phylogeny and functional motifs establish that XtERV-S gag and pol genes are related to the ancient env-l...
Natamycin (NT) is a front-line drug in the management of ocular fungal infections (OFI). An ophth... more Natamycin (NT) is a front-line drug in the management of ocular fungal infections (OFI). An ophthalmic marketed NT suspension (Natacyn ®) is currently the only FDA approved medication prescribed in the pharmacotherapy of OFI. Current NT pharmacotherapy requires frequent topical administration (every hour or 2-hours over 6-8 times in a day) due to it being instilled as eye-drops. This leads to higher precorneal losses and subsequent poor permeation and bioavailability. Therefore, in this research study, alternative ocular formulations of NT were investigated with an intent to improve precorneal retention and corneal permeation in comparison to Natacyn ®. Chapter 1 discusses various aspects of NT such as its chemistry and pharmacology, antifungal spectrum and potential for development of resistance, ocular clinical evaluations, and specifics on Natacyn ® to obtain a perspective of NT use in OFI. Chapter 2 reports the preparation and optimization of NT loaded surface coated PEGylated NLC (NT-PEG-NLC) using Box-Behnken Design. The optimized NT-PEG-NLC were found to have desirable physicochemical characteristics and exhibited significantly higher transcorneal permeation than Natacyn ® , in vitro. In vivo ocular biodistribution of NT-PEG-NLC indicated that, despite NT load in NT-PEG-NLC (0.3%) being 1/16 th of Natacyn ® (5%), NT-PEG-NLC permeated ix
This paper examines the rational that causes the huge failure of hand water pumps in remote towns... more This paper examines the rational that causes the huge failure of hand water pumps in remote towns from an automated transmission perspective, by looking at the already existing hand water pump automation transmission procedures in Nigeria where over 5,000 hand pumps were installed and about 70% are not working. This paper examined the lack of a well-structured and sustainable knowledge sharing practices within the main stakeholders, community users, and the government. It was analyzed that maintenance and operations, and the integration of a project management strategy were requisite criteria for the sustainability of the hand water pump in the remote towns’ water supply project. Community users have minimum involvement throughout the project phase; they have no knowledge on the technical approach of accessing the failed parts, the community does not have a trained expert to work on it and the government does not reserve spare parts of the equipment. The communication between the re...
This paper presents results of testing variable-speed heat pumps using a new load-based testing m... more This paper presents results of testing variable-speed heat pumps using a new load-based testing methodology that is described in Hjortland and Braun (2018), and Patil et al. (2018). The testing methodology involves emulating the response of a building’s sensible and latent loads to equipment controls by dynamically adjusting the temperature and humidity setpoints of the psychrometric chamber reconditioning system using a simple building model. The advantage of this approach over existing testing approaches specified in rating standards is that it considers the interaction of the integrated controls with the equipment. As a result, it better captures the full range of part-load operation and the benefits of improved controls. This paper presents performance results for application of the automated load-based testing methodology to different variable-speed residential heat pump systems. In order to assess the benefits of loadbased testing versus existing standards, tests were also con...
Translational Vision Science & Technology, 2019
Purpose: D 9-Tetrahydrocannabinol-valine-hemisuccinate, a hydrophilic prodrug of D 9-tetrahydroca... more Purpose: D 9-Tetrahydrocannabinol-valine-hemisuccinate, a hydrophilic prodrug of D 9-tetrahydrocannabinol, synthesized with the aim of improving the ocular bioavailability of the parent molecule, was investigated in a lipid-based nanoparticle dosage form for ocular delivery. Methods: Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) of D 9-tetrahydrocannabinol-valine-hemisuccinate and D 9-tetrahydrocannabinol, along with a nanoemulsion of D 9-tetrahydrocannabinol-valine-hemisuccinate, were tested for glaucoma management in a normotensive rabbit model by using a multiple-dosing protocol. Marketed formulations of timolol maleate and pilocarpine HCl were also tested for their pharmacodynamic profile, post-single dose administration. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
The present study aimed at formulating and optimizing natamycin (NT)-loaded polyethylene glycosyl... more The present study aimed at formulating and optimizing natamycin (NT)-loaded polyethylene glycosylated nano-lipid carriers (NT-PEG-NLCs) using Box-Behnken design and investigating their potential in ocular applications. Response surface methodology computations and plots for optimization were performed using Design-Expert software to obtain optimum values for response variables based on the criteria of desirability. Optimized NT-PEG-NLCs had predicted values for the dependent variables which are not significantly different from the experimental values. NT-PEG-NLCs were characterized for their physicochemical parameters; NT's rate of permeation and flux across rabbit cornea was evaluated, in vitro, and ocular tissue distribution was assessed in rabbits, in vivo. NT-PEG-NLCs were found to have optimum particle size (<300 nm), narrow polydispersity index, and high NT entrapment and NT content. In vitro transcorneal permeability and flux of NT from NT-PEG-NLCs was significantly hi...
2022 28th International Workshop on Thermal Investigations of ICs and Systems (THERMINIC)
Ge-rich GeSbTe N-doped alloys present a solution for the reliability and thermal stability requir... more Ge-rich GeSbTe N-doped alloys present a solution for the reliability and thermal stability requirements of Phase Change Memories for embedded non-volatile memory automotive applications. The thermal performance of these memories is defined by the optimization of crystallization temperature, kinetics and thermal properties of materials and interfaces. In this work, we study the structural evolution and crystallization temperature of Ge-rich GeSbTe N-doped alloy from amorphous phase to complete crystallization by Raman spectroscopy. We highlight the beginning of crystallization process by Ge crystallization, followed by crystallization of both GeTe and SbTe related structures. Further, the sensitivity of the vibrational modes present in this ternary chalcogenide alloy to temperature and power is examined to identify potential thermometers. Finally, we present the working principle of Raman thermometry to extract the thermal conductivity aided by finite-element calculations and report the thermal conductivity of Ge-rich GeSbTe N-doped alloy.
2019 5th International Conference On Computing, Communication, Control And Automation (ICCUBEA)
In today's world, many online platforms like WhatsApp, Twitter are being used for spreading r... more In today's world, many online platforms like WhatsApp, Twitter are being used for spreading rumors which influence the minds of millions. Many approaches have been proposed to estimate rumors but very few have been implemented in real world. The ubiquity of social networks has made us vulnerable to various network risks. It has also made difficult to develop efficient strategies to quickly and accurately identify rumor sources. We attempt to implement one such algorithm in order to showcase its effectiveness in tackling rumor spreading in social networks like Twitter. The proposed Onion Model uses the modularity of the network to find out the most likely module where the source belong and then finds the source in that most likely module. We model the spreading of rumor in social network by using the popular Susceptible-Infected (SI) model and then construct maximum likelihood estimator, originally used to estimate the source of computer virus in a network. This estimator is based upon a novel combinatorial quantity termed as rumor centrality. We evaluate our algorithm using large datasets namely SNAP facebook, SNAP Email-Enron and SNAP twitter. Simulations show that the proposed Onion Model finds the source within 3 hops 86.36 percent of the time, when the number of the nodes in the networks are less than 7000. And finally, we statistically compare the accuracy of the algorithm for different size and type of social networks.
Purpose: Natamycin (NTM) ophthalmic suspension is the only FDA-approved formulation commercially ... more Purpose: Natamycin (NTM) ophthalmic suspension is the only FDA-approved formulation commercially available for treating ocular fungal infections. However, precorneal residence times and losses/drainage remain the foremost challenges associated with current ocular antifungal pharmacotherapy. In our previous investigations, NTM loaded polyethylene glycol nanolipid carriers (NTM-PNLCs) showed enhanced corneal permeation, both in vitro and in vivo. To further improve the corneal retention of NTM-PNLCs, this study aimed to develop a gelling system composed of carboxyvinyl polymer, guar gum, and boric acid in which the NTM-PNLCs were loaded. Methods: A 2 3 factorial design was employed in formulating and optimizing the gelling system for NTM-PNLCs, where the independent factors were the gelling excipients (guar gum, boric acid, and Carbopol Ò 940) and dependent variables were gelling time, gel depot collapse time, rheology, firmness, and work of adhesion. Optimized gel was evaluated for transcorneal permeation using rabbit cornea, in vitro; and tear pharmacokinetics and ocular biodistribution in male New Zealand White rabbits, in vivo. Results: Optimized NTM-PNLC-GEL was found to exhibit shear thinning rheology, adequate firmness, and spreadability, and formed a depot that did not collapse immediately. In addition, the in vitro transcorneal evaluation studies indicated that the NTM-PNLC-GEL exhibited a lower/slower flux and rate in comparison to Natacyn Ò suspension. NTM-PNLC-GEL (0.3%), at a 16-fold lower dose, exhibited mean residence time and elimination half-life comparable to Natacyn (5%), and provided similar in vivo concentrations in the innermost tissues of the eye. Conclusion: The data indicate that the NTM-PNLC-GEL formulation could serve as an alternative during ophthalmic antifungal therapy.
Algorithms and Architectures for Parallel Processing, 2020
Devices constituting the Internet of Things (IoT) have become widely used, therein generating a l... more Devices constituting the Internet of Things (IoT) have become widely used, therein generating a large amount of sensitive data. The communication of these data across IoT devices and over the public Internet makes them susceptible to several cyber attacks. In this paper, we propose an efficient blockchain approach based on the secret computational model of a physically unclonable function (PUF). The proposed framework aims to guarantee authentication of the devices and the miner with a faster verification process compared to existing blockchain techniques. Furthermore, the combination of the blockchain and PUF allows us to propose an efficient framework that guarantees data provenance and data integrity in IoT networks. The proposed framework employs PUFs, which provide unique hardware fingerprints for establishing data provenance. Smart contracts based on the blockchain provide a decentralized digital ledger that is able to resist data tampering attacks.
The traditional hand water pump may take more efforts, the man who operates traditional hand wate... more The traditional hand water pump may take more efforts, the man who operates traditional hand water pump has to apply his force continuously on the lever of pump, due to which man who are using this pump get tired immediately. One important think of a pump with a pendulum is that the work is alleviated or in simple terms it makes work rather easier when is compared with a traditional hand water pump. It is due to this underlined feature which enables the pendulum pump to be used as an efficient mode in the irrigation of smaller lots, water-wells. By the use of pendulum based water pumping system we can increase the efficiency of the plant and reduce the effort, cost of production, production time, and manpower requirement. The research done fill today is concentrated on the working and effectiveness of the mechanism only. Considering all of the advantages of the mechanism it was decided to use it for lifting water with the help of reciprocating pump such that the input to the mechani...
Additional file 6: Figure S6. Alignment of RV MHR sequences including XtERV-S and mouse ERV-L. MH... more Additional file 6: Figure S6. Alignment of RV MHR sequences including XtERV-S and mouse ERV-L. MHR is defined by three conserved residues and a fourth site occupied by a hydrophobic residue, all with conserved spacing as shown in the consensus sequence.
Additional file 8: Table S1. Genome positions and age of the XtERV-S like elements in Xenopus tro... more Additional file 8: Table S1. Genome positions and age of the XtERV-S like elements in Xenopus tropicalis.
Additional file 4: Figure S4. Dot-plot and alignments compare the XtERV-S and XlERV-S genomes. Ar... more Additional file 4: Figure S4. Dot-plot and alignments compare the XtERV-S and XlERV-S genomes. Arrows indicate the site of insertions in the XlERV-S proviral sequence. Dots in the alignment represent identities. Shaded portions represent different regions of the proviruses – LTR (grey), PBS (red), gag (yellow), pol (green) and env (blue).
2018 International Conference on Smart City and Emerging Technology (ICSCET), 2018
Ration card plays a vital role for the household details such as to get gas connection, family me... more Ration card plays a vital role for the household details such as to get gas connection, family member details, it acts as address proof etc. In this paper, we have proposed a smart ration card system using Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) Technique and loT to prevent the malpractices and corruption in the current ration distribution system. In this system conventional ration card will be replaced by a unique RFID tag. This RFID tag will be verified at the fair price shop for the authentication of the user. The user's identity will be verified by microcontroller which is connected to an Amazon Web Services (AWS) database. For added security One Time Password (OTP) is also sent to user's registered mobile number which needs to be entered in the system. If user is found to be authentic then monthly quota of the ration available for the user is displayed. After successful transaction the database will be updated stating the ration content delivered to the user. This system will require very less human efforts for operation and is also very secure. By implementing this system government can keep track of all the delivered ration content very easily.
The worldwide requirement of electricity is increasing day by day with increasing population. The... more The worldwide requirement of electricity is increasing day by day with increasing population. There are several methods for developing electricity. But this paper focuses on waste heat recovery. This project involves the electricity generator (Seebeck effect). Heat can be a good source to produce power. These modules are connected in series and parallel manner, which are attached at the hot junction created by the hot waste coming out of the chimney. The cold side is maintained cold with the help of water jacket around modules and fins are provided on the surface of water. To keep the water jacket, cool for long time, fins are used for proper heat transfer. Advanced design of chimney increases the waste heat temperature, which helps for more power generation. Heat is converted into electricity, which is useful for driving any electronic setup. This is the effective manner of heat generation from waste flue gasses.
2017 International Conference on Smart grids, Power and Advanced Control Engineering (ICSPACE), 2017
This paper proposes a novel approach of fault detection and location within electrical power grid... more This paper proposes a novel approach of fault detection and location within electrical power grids. As being vulnerable to various types of faults in the system: Line to Line(L-L), Line to Ground(L-G), Line to Line to Ground(L-L-G), Line to Line to Line to Ground(L-L-L-G), the grids also suffer due to the harmonics within the transmission line due to the increasing dependency and interconnection of Renewable energy sources to the grids. In this paper, the Indian transmission grid synchronized with Intelligent Electronic Devices(IEDs) are employed to get the system parameter values and transfer it real-time using Profibus to the microprocessor which then sends the data to the database. From the database, the data is then drawn into the SCADA control system and the operation of isolation of a faulty node is performed on the grid side. An Intelligent system is developed using Dynamic algorithm where the database filters the incoming data and directs the data according to the program in...
International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology, 2021
Nowadays, Power Plants, Solar panels, Heating Towers and, large windmills are often located in re... more Nowadays, Power Plants, Solar panels, Heating Towers and, large windmills are often located in remote areas and sometimes have heating issues. To detect these issues an operator must climb these high spaces and check for heating issues. So It involves a risk of life. It incurs high costs for sending multiple teams with safety gear to numerous towers and panels. It requires tons of your time to climb every single tower and check issues manually. So for a simple process, we propose a replacement system whereby we use a thermal screening drone to instantly scan for heating issues at a really fast pace. The drone uses a controller to work for the flight and ensure an extended range control. The thermal sensor may be a low-resolution sensor that will be wont to find thermal heating issues from a close range of objects. The thermal sensor footage is recorded using raspberry pi for later screening. Thus the drone automates and adds safety to the thermal screening process. In this way, we will ease the method and help industries to take care of more safety to avoid accidents.
To better characterize the performance of variable-speed DX (Direct Expansion) equipment in a lab... more To better characterize the performance of variable-speed DX (Direct Expansion) equipment in a laboratory environment, a load-based psychrometric chamber testing methodology has been developed as an alternative to existing steady-state testing approaches. The methodology allows equipment to respond dynamically to a virtual building model using its integrated controls. To mimic an actual building, a virtual building model incorporates sensible and latent loads along with simple lumped capacitance building dynamics that interact with the variablespeed equipment. The rated capacity of the test equipment is used along with a specified sizing factor and target sensible heat ratio (SHR) to specify the building sensible and latent load models. Two companion papers (Patil el al. (2018) and Dhillon et al. (2018)) present the overall methodology and results for different variable-speed heat pumps using default building parameters. This paper studies the impact of the virtual building sizing fa...
Background Retroviruses exist as exogenous infectious agents and as endogenous retroviruses (ERVs... more Background Retroviruses exist as exogenous infectious agents and as endogenous retroviruses (ERVs) integrated into host chromosomes. Such endogenous retroviruses (ERVs) are grouped into three classes roughly corresponding to the seven genera of infectious retroviruses: class I (gamma-, epsilonretroviruses), class II (alpha-, beta-, delta-, lentiretroviruses) and class III (spumaretroviruses). Some ERVs have counterparts among the known infectious retroviruses, while others represent paleovirological relics of extinct or undiscovered retroviruses. Results Here we identify an intact ERV in the Anuran amphibian, Xenopus tropicalis. XtERV-S has open reading frames (ORFs) for gag, pol (polymerase) and env (envelope) genes, with a small additional ORF in pol and a serine tRNA primer binding site. It has unusual features and domain relationships to known retroviruses. Analyses based on phylogeny and functional motifs establish that XtERV-S gag and pol genes are related to the ancient env-l...
Natamycin (NT) is a front-line drug in the management of ocular fungal infections (OFI). An ophth... more Natamycin (NT) is a front-line drug in the management of ocular fungal infections (OFI). An ophthalmic marketed NT suspension (Natacyn ®) is currently the only FDA approved medication prescribed in the pharmacotherapy of OFI. Current NT pharmacotherapy requires frequent topical administration (every hour or 2-hours over 6-8 times in a day) due to it being instilled as eye-drops. This leads to higher precorneal losses and subsequent poor permeation and bioavailability. Therefore, in this research study, alternative ocular formulations of NT were investigated with an intent to improve precorneal retention and corneal permeation in comparison to Natacyn ®. Chapter 1 discusses various aspects of NT such as its chemistry and pharmacology, antifungal spectrum and potential for development of resistance, ocular clinical evaluations, and specifics on Natacyn ® to obtain a perspective of NT use in OFI. Chapter 2 reports the preparation and optimization of NT loaded surface coated PEGylated NLC (NT-PEG-NLC) using Box-Behnken Design. The optimized NT-PEG-NLC were found to have desirable physicochemical characteristics and exhibited significantly higher transcorneal permeation than Natacyn ® , in vitro. In vivo ocular biodistribution of NT-PEG-NLC indicated that, despite NT load in NT-PEG-NLC (0.3%) being 1/16 th of Natacyn ® (5%), NT-PEG-NLC permeated ix
This paper examines the rational that causes the huge failure of hand water pumps in remote towns... more This paper examines the rational that causes the huge failure of hand water pumps in remote towns from an automated transmission perspective, by looking at the already existing hand water pump automation transmission procedures in Nigeria where over 5,000 hand pumps were installed and about 70% are not working. This paper examined the lack of a well-structured and sustainable knowledge sharing practices within the main stakeholders, community users, and the government. It was analyzed that maintenance and operations, and the integration of a project management strategy were requisite criteria for the sustainability of the hand water pump in the remote towns’ water supply project. Community users have minimum involvement throughout the project phase; they have no knowledge on the technical approach of accessing the failed parts, the community does not have a trained expert to work on it and the government does not reserve spare parts of the equipment. The communication between the re...
This paper presents results of testing variable-speed heat pumps using a new load-based testing m... more This paper presents results of testing variable-speed heat pumps using a new load-based testing methodology that is described in Hjortland and Braun (2018), and Patil et al. (2018). The testing methodology involves emulating the response of a building’s sensible and latent loads to equipment controls by dynamically adjusting the temperature and humidity setpoints of the psychrometric chamber reconditioning system using a simple building model. The advantage of this approach over existing testing approaches specified in rating standards is that it considers the interaction of the integrated controls with the equipment. As a result, it better captures the full range of part-load operation and the benefits of improved controls. This paper presents performance results for application of the automated load-based testing methodology to different variable-speed residential heat pump systems. In order to assess the benefits of loadbased testing versus existing standards, tests were also con...
Translational Vision Science & Technology, 2019
Purpose: D 9-Tetrahydrocannabinol-valine-hemisuccinate, a hydrophilic prodrug of D 9-tetrahydroca... more Purpose: D 9-Tetrahydrocannabinol-valine-hemisuccinate, a hydrophilic prodrug of D 9-tetrahydrocannabinol, synthesized with the aim of improving the ocular bioavailability of the parent molecule, was investigated in a lipid-based nanoparticle dosage form for ocular delivery. Methods: Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) of D 9-tetrahydrocannabinol-valine-hemisuccinate and D 9-tetrahydrocannabinol, along with a nanoemulsion of D 9-tetrahydrocannabinol-valine-hemisuccinate, were tested for glaucoma management in a normotensive rabbit model by using a multiple-dosing protocol. Marketed formulations of timolol maleate and pilocarpine HCl were also tested for their pharmacodynamic profile, post-single dose administration. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
The present study aimed at formulating and optimizing natamycin (NT)-loaded polyethylene glycosyl... more The present study aimed at formulating and optimizing natamycin (NT)-loaded polyethylene glycosylated nano-lipid carriers (NT-PEG-NLCs) using Box-Behnken design and investigating their potential in ocular applications. Response surface methodology computations and plots for optimization were performed using Design-Expert software to obtain optimum values for response variables based on the criteria of desirability. Optimized NT-PEG-NLCs had predicted values for the dependent variables which are not significantly different from the experimental values. NT-PEG-NLCs were characterized for their physicochemical parameters; NT's rate of permeation and flux across rabbit cornea was evaluated, in vitro, and ocular tissue distribution was assessed in rabbits, in vivo. NT-PEG-NLCs were found to have optimum particle size (<300 nm), narrow polydispersity index, and high NT entrapment and NT content. In vitro transcorneal permeability and flux of NT from NT-PEG-NLCs was significantly hi...
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Papers by Akash Patil