Papers by Abee Eijansantos
Heliyon, 2024
This study delves into the attitudes of educators toward online teaching, their technological pro... more This study delves into the attitudes of educators toward online teaching, their technological proficiency, and access to technology, with a particular emphasis on examining potential gender distinctions. Employing a quantitative-descriptive-correlational research design, this research meticulously examines the intricate relationships among these variables. The primary objectives of this investigation involve scrutinizing teachers' attitudes toward online instruction, evaluating their technological competency, and gauging their accessibility to technology. The results reveal that, by and large, teachers exhibit a moderately favorable disposition toward online teaching, signifying their eagerness to embrace this pedagogical approach. Furthermore, these educators demonstrate a commendable level of technological competence, showcasing their adeptness in harnessing technology for instructional purposes. In the context of …
Proceedings of the 36th Pacific Asia Conference on Language, Information and Computation, 2022
It was hypothesized that Zamboanga Chavacano verbs exhibit variation in the need for a verbalizer... more It was hypothesized that Zamboanga Chavacano verbs exhibit variation in the need for a verbalizer prior to verbs whose origin is not the superstrate Spanish. To address the hypothesis, 200 verbs from the 500,000-word Zamboanga Chavacano corpora were analyzed using AntConc 3.5.8 (Windows) 2019. Additionally, verbs from different origins were subjected to analysis. Taken from the Composite Dictionary of Riego de Dios (1989), 100 verbs which were Spanish originated and another 100 that were non-Spanish were subjected to elicitation among 104 native speakers of Zamboanga Chavacano. The data revealed that the same case was observed for Zamboanga Chavacano as the Cotabato variety, but the verbalizer had the tendency to cliticize with the perfective and imperfective aspects, while only deletion took place for the contemplative aspect. Additionally, verbs that are inflected required the verbalizer no regardless of their origins.
Linguistics and Culture Review, 2021
Framed from four perspectives, (1) Schütze & Curbach (2019), grammaticality judgment and linguist... more Framed from four perspectives, (1) Schütze & Curbach (2019), grammaticality judgment and linguistic methodology; (2) Mcwhorter’s (2011), description of the complexity of creoles as flourishing over time from an original state; (3) Steinkruger (2013), explanation of negated sentences in the perfective aspect; and (4) Lee (2005), delineation of native speakers of a language, this research paper looked into the combination of the negator nohay and the perfective aspect markers ya and yan (ya man) in the sentence. A negated sentence with a perfective aspect is a structure that seems to be accepted by some native speakers of Chavacano (or Chabacano) but rejected by others. In the literature, only Steinkruger (2013), describes the permissibility of the forenamed combination in the syntactic structure of Chavacano. It was hypothesized that such a combination is acceptable in Chavacano and that there is an interspeaker variation pertinent to its acceptability. To confirm these hypotheses, ...
This paper attempts to analyze the January Facebook postings of Grade 11 Students of Bunguiao Nat... more This paper attempts to analyze the January Facebook postings of Grade 11 Students of Bunguiao National School. The analyses carried out in the paper covered the textual contents of the postings via the interplay of syntax and semantics—that is, the subject of the post, a grammatical function vis-a-vis the semantic role. This paper claims that the forgoing interplay analysis corroborates the findings in the themes (the semantics) of the different contents of the posts, the non-textual postings: photos, smileys/emoticons, and videos. The analyses of the semantic contents of the postings were analyzed via coding, categorizing and theorizing. As this paper is in part qualitative in nature, the participants, whose FB posts have been subjected to analyses, have been chosen purposively. A small facet of the paper involves a quantitative analysis, i.e. the frequency counts of the interpenetration of syntactic and semantic constituents of the textual postings of the participants. At some ext...
Linguistics and Culture Review, 2021
native Chavacano speakers and another set of data were collected via interview from 10 native spe... more native Chavacano speakers and another set of data were collected via interview from 10 native speakers of Chavacano for corroborative purposes.
Working Papers of the Linguistics Circle of the University of Victoria, 2018
This paper attempts to analyze the January Facebook postings of Grade
11 Students of Bunguiao Na... more This paper attempts to analyze the January Facebook postings of Grade
11 Students of Bunguiao National School. The analyses carried out in
the paper covered the textual contents of the postings via the interplay of
syntax and semantics—that is, the subject of the post, a grammatical
function vis-à-vis the semantic role. This paper claims that the forgoing
interplay analysis corroborates the findings in the themes (the semantics)
of the different contents of the posts, the non-textual postings: photos,
smileys/emoticons, and videos. The analyses of the semantic contents of
the postings were analyzed via coding, categorizing and theorizing. As
this paper is in part qualitative in nature, the participants, whose FB posts
have been subjected to analyses, have been chosen purposively. A small
facet of the paper involves a quantitative analysis, i.e. the frequency
counts of the interpenetration of syntactic and semantic constituents of
the textual postings of the participants. At some extent, this paper draws
upon the mixed methods approach in its attempt to put the data under
scholarly lucubration
Asian EFL Journal, 2020
Attitude is a factor noted to be a determinant of practice and behavior; thus, has become a topic... more Attitude is a factor noted to be a determinant of practice and behavior; thus, has become a topic of
interest for many scholars. This present study investigated the attitude toward print-based and
electronic-based reading of 562 senior high school students (mean age = 17.71, standard deviation
= 0.0889) sampled across 10 schools (4 of which are privately managed). The study employed a
descriptive-quantitative-correlational design in determining the attitude of the respondents across
reading versions, significant difference in attitude of the respondents toward print-based and digital
reading, statistical difference in the attitude across the dichotomous variable gender, and the
relationships between attitudes. Moreover, data gathering was realized through the use of a survey
tool pilot tested (with reliability of Cronbach’s alpha = 0.811). The analysis of the data revealed
that the respondents harbor an attitude characterized as ‘somehow negative’ towards both versions
of reading. In addition, there is a significant difference in the respondents’ attitude toward print
and e-reading. Moreover, gender differences exist in the attitude toward print reading with females
exhibiting better attitudes. Last, there is a significant correlation between the respondents’ attitude
toward print and electronic reading.
Ciencia (HEALS), 2021
This paper is a qualitative descriptive research carried out via the analysis of editorials of tw... more This paper is a qualitative descriptive research carried out via the analysis of editorials of two
broadsheets: The New York Times (NYT) and the Philippine Daily Inquirer (PDI) where the two
domains of analysis were done—the macrostructure and the microstructure levels. The macrostructure
was anchored upon the structure or model utilized by Katajamaki and Koskela (2006) and described by
Van Dijk where the three main sections of the editorials—introduction section, intermediate section and
the coda—were dissected. The editorial articles were found to be adherent to the structure as described by
Van Dijk. For the microstructure level, the hypercorrection and the supposed ―demise‖ of the relative
pronoun ―whom‖ was looked into. This paper claims that no hypercorrection was evident in the tokens
analyzed through AntConc 3.5.8 (Windows) 2019 in either of the broadsheets. The demise of ―whom,‖
where ―who‖ was used in the rightful place of ―whom‖ figured twice in the PDI editorials but never did in
any of the editorials in NYT. Along the preceding findings, the researchers were led to deduce that the
editorials from NYT were deemed more adherent to prescriptivism than the PDI editorials. This current
paper avers that for the teaching of the prescriptive rule relative to the use of ―whom‖ or the relative
pronouns more generally, the NYT and PDI editorials can be utilized but with caution in the use of the
PDI in that two tokens in the analysis were found to be aberrant.
Athens Journal of Philology, 2017
This paper compared the voice marking systems of Zamboanga Chavacano, Filipino and English.
Fili... more This paper compared the voice marking systems of Zamboanga Chavacano, Filipino and English.
Filipino has four voice markers (Ceña 2012), English has three (Celce-Murcia and LarsenFreeman 2008), and Chavacano has two, albeit the literatures claim that this language has merely
one, hence, the missing voice. How is the missing voice formally expressed in Chavacano? Data
have been collected on Chavacano learners’ performance in expressing the extra voices in Filipino
and English. This study employed descriptive-qualitative research generalizing from the patterns of
Chavacano sentences and hypothesizing in the process. The respondents were students and teachers
who were all native speakers of Chavacano. The responses were analyzed for the patterns in the
voicing system of the foregoing language and the responses were likewise utilized for the crosschecking of the possible variants. English and Filipino were the eliciting languages to analyze the
sentences in Chavacano. The sampling that was drawn upon was a non-probability sampling.
Filipino is a language that is rich in affixation whereby four different voice affixes trigger what
argument assumes the place of the subject. The voices in Filipino are active, passive, derived and
locative; English, albeit not having as much affixation as Filipino in its verbal morphology relative
to voice, has three voices: active, middle and passive. Chavacano has been analyzed as having only
the active voice; it has been found out, however, to have both the active and passive voices which
ought to have a great pedagogical relevance and implication as Mother Tongue-based Multilingual
Education (MTBMLE) is here to stay.
Attitude is a factor noted to be a determinant of practice and behavior; thus, has become a topic... more Attitude is a factor noted to be a determinant of practice and behavior; thus, has become a topic of interest for many scholars. This present study investigated the attitude toward print-based and electronic-based reading of 562 senior high school students (mean age = 17.71, standard deviation = 0.0889) sampled across 10 schools (4 of which are privately managed). The study employed a descriptive-quantitative-correlational design in determining the attitude of the respondents across reading versions, significant difference in attitude of the respondents toward print-based and digital reading, statistical difference in the attitude across the dichotomous variable gender, and the relationships between attitudes. Moreover, data gathering was realized through the use of a survey tool pilot tested (with reliability of Cronbach's alpha = 0.811). The analysis of the data revealed that the respondents harbor an attitude characterized as 'somehow negative' towards both versions of reading. In addition, there is a significant difference in the respondents' attitude toward print and e-reading. Moreover, gender differences exist in the attitude toward print reading with females exhibiting better attitudes. Last, there is a significant correlation between the respondents' attitude toward print and electronic reading.
This paper is a qualitative descriptive research carried out via the analysis of editorials of tw... more This paper is a qualitative descriptive research carried out via the analysis of editorials of two broadsheets: The New York Times (NYT) and the Philippine Daily Inquirer (PDI) where the two domains of analysis were done-the macrostructure and the microstructure levels. The macrostructure was anchored upon the structure or model utilized by Katajamaki and Koskela (2006) and described by Van Dijk where the three main sections of the editorials-introduction section, intermediate section and the coda-were dissected. The editorial articles were found to be adherent to the structure as described by Van Dijk. For the microstructure level, the hypercorrection and the supposed-demise‖ of the relative pronoun-whom‖ was looked into. This paper claims that no hypercorrection was evident in the tokens analyzed through AntConc 3.5.8 (Windows) 2019 in either of the broadsheets. The demise of-whom,‖ where-who‖ was used in the rightful place of-whom‖ figured twice in the PDI editorials but never did in any of the editorials in NYT. Along the preceding findings, the researchers were led to deduce that the editorials from NYT were deemed more adherent to prescriptivism than the PDI editorials. This current paper avers that for the teaching of the prescriptive rule relative to the use of-whom‖ or the relative pronouns more generally, the NYT and PDI editorials can be utilized but with caution in the use of the PDI in that two tokens in the analysis were found to be aberrant.
This paper compared the voice marking systems of Zamboanga Chavacano, Filipino and English. Filip... more This paper compared the voice marking systems of Zamboanga Chavacano, Filipino and English. Filipino has four voice markers (Ceña 2012), English has three (Celce-Murcia and Larsen-Freeman 2008), and Chavacano has two, albeit the literatures claim that this language has merely one, hence, the missing voice. How is the missing voice formally expressed in Chavacano? Data have been collected on Chavacano learners' performance in expressing the extra voices in Filipino and English. This study employed descriptive-qualitative research generalizing from the patterns of Chavacano sentences and hypothesizing in the process. The respondents were students and teachers who were all native speakers of Chavacano. The responses were analyzed for the patterns in the voicing system of the foregoing language and the responses were likewise utilized for the crosschecking of the possible variants. English and Filipino were the eliciting languages to analyze the sentences in Chavacano. The sampling that was drawn upon was a non-probability sampling. Filipino is a language that is rich in affixation whereby four different voice affixes trigger what argument assumes the place of the subject. The voices in Filipino are active, passive, derived and locative; English, albeit not having as much affixation as Filipino in its verbal morphology relative to voice, has three voices: active, middle and passive. Chavacano has been analyzed as having only the active voice; it has been found out, however, to have both the active and passive voices which ought to have a great pedagogical relevance and implication as Mother Tongue-based Multilingual Education (MTBMLE) is here to stay.
Athens Journal of Philology
This paper compared the voice marking systems of Zamboanga Chavacano, Filipino and English. Filip... more This paper compared the voice marking systems of Zamboanga Chavacano, Filipino and English. Filipino has four voice markers (Ceña 2012), English has three (Celce-Murcia and Larsen-Freeman 2008), and Chavacano has two, albeit the literatures claim that this language has merely one, hence, the missing voice. How is the missing voice formally expressed in Chavacano? Data have been collected on Chavacano learners' performance in expressing the extra voices in Filipino and English. This study employed descriptive-qualitative research generalizing from the patterns of Chavacano sentences and hypothesizing in the process. The respondents were students and teachers who were all native speakers of Chavacano. The responses were analyzed for the patterns in the voicing system of the foregoing language and the responses were likewise utilized for the cross-checking of the possible variants. English and Filipino were the eliciting languages to analyze the sentences in Chavacano. The sampling that was drawn upon was a non-probability sampling. Filipino is a language that is rich in affixation whereby four different voice affixes trigger what argument assumes the place of the subject. The voices in Filipino are active, passive, derived and locative; English, albeit not having as much affixation as Filipino in its verbal morphology relative to voice, has three voices: active, middle and passive. Chavacano has been analyzed as having only the active voice; it has been found out, however, to have both the active and passive voices which ought to have a great pedagogical relevance and implication as Mother Tongue-based Multilingual Education (MTBMLE) is here to stay.
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Papers by Abee Eijansantos
11 Students of Bunguiao National School. The analyses carried out in
the paper covered the textual contents of the postings via the interplay of
syntax and semantics—that is, the subject of the post, a grammatical
function vis-à-vis the semantic role. This paper claims that the forgoing
interplay analysis corroborates the findings in the themes (the semantics)
of the different contents of the posts, the non-textual postings: photos,
smileys/emoticons, and videos. The analyses of the semantic contents of
the postings were analyzed via coding, categorizing and theorizing. As
this paper is in part qualitative in nature, the participants, whose FB posts
have been subjected to analyses, have been chosen purposively. A small
facet of the paper involves a quantitative analysis, i.e. the frequency
counts of the interpenetration of syntactic and semantic constituents of
the textual postings of the participants. At some extent, this paper draws
upon the mixed methods approach in its attempt to put the data under
scholarly lucubration
interest for many scholars. This present study investigated the attitude toward print-based and
electronic-based reading of 562 senior high school students (mean age = 17.71, standard deviation
= 0.0889) sampled across 10 schools (4 of which are privately managed). The study employed a
descriptive-quantitative-correlational design in determining the attitude of the respondents across
reading versions, significant difference in attitude of the respondents toward print-based and digital
reading, statistical difference in the attitude across the dichotomous variable gender, and the
relationships between attitudes. Moreover, data gathering was realized through the use of a survey
tool pilot tested (with reliability of Cronbach’s alpha = 0.811). The analysis of the data revealed
that the respondents harbor an attitude characterized as ‘somehow negative’ towards both versions
of reading. In addition, there is a significant difference in the respondents’ attitude toward print
and e-reading. Moreover, gender differences exist in the attitude toward print reading with females
exhibiting better attitudes. Last, there is a significant correlation between the respondents’ attitude
toward print and electronic reading.
broadsheets: The New York Times (NYT) and the Philippine Daily Inquirer (PDI) where the two
domains of analysis were done—the macrostructure and the microstructure levels. The macrostructure
was anchored upon the structure or model utilized by Katajamaki and Koskela (2006) and described by
Van Dijk where the three main sections of the editorials—introduction section, intermediate section and
the coda—were dissected. The editorial articles were found to be adherent to the structure as described by
Van Dijk. For the microstructure level, the hypercorrection and the supposed ―demise‖ of the relative
pronoun ―whom‖ was looked into. This paper claims that no hypercorrection was evident in the tokens
analyzed through AntConc 3.5.8 (Windows) 2019 in either of the broadsheets. The demise of ―whom,‖
where ―who‖ was used in the rightful place of ―whom‖ figured twice in the PDI editorials but never did in
any of the editorials in NYT. Along the preceding findings, the researchers were led to deduce that the
editorials from NYT were deemed more adherent to prescriptivism than the PDI editorials. This current
paper avers that for the teaching of the prescriptive rule relative to the use of ―whom‖ or the relative
pronouns more generally, the NYT and PDI editorials can be utilized but with caution in the use of the
PDI in that two tokens in the analysis were found to be aberrant.
Filipino has four voice markers (Ceña 2012), English has three (Celce-Murcia and LarsenFreeman 2008), and Chavacano has two, albeit the literatures claim that this language has merely
one, hence, the missing voice. How is the missing voice formally expressed in Chavacano? Data
have been collected on Chavacano learners’ performance in expressing the extra voices in Filipino
and English. This study employed descriptive-qualitative research generalizing from the patterns of
Chavacano sentences and hypothesizing in the process. The respondents were students and teachers
who were all native speakers of Chavacano. The responses were analyzed for the patterns in the
voicing system of the foregoing language and the responses were likewise utilized for the crosschecking of the possible variants. English and Filipino were the eliciting languages to analyze the
sentences in Chavacano. The sampling that was drawn upon was a non-probability sampling.
Filipino is a language that is rich in affixation whereby four different voice affixes trigger what
argument assumes the place of the subject. The voices in Filipino are active, passive, derived and
locative; English, albeit not having as much affixation as Filipino in its verbal morphology relative
to voice, has three voices: active, middle and passive. Chavacano has been analyzed as having only
the active voice; it has been found out, however, to have both the active and passive voices which
ought to have a great pedagogical relevance and implication as Mother Tongue-based Multilingual
Education (MTBMLE) is here to stay.
11 Students of Bunguiao National School. The analyses carried out in
the paper covered the textual contents of the postings via the interplay of
syntax and semantics—that is, the subject of the post, a grammatical
function vis-à-vis the semantic role. This paper claims that the forgoing
interplay analysis corroborates the findings in the themes (the semantics)
of the different contents of the posts, the non-textual postings: photos,
smileys/emoticons, and videos. The analyses of the semantic contents of
the postings were analyzed via coding, categorizing and theorizing. As
this paper is in part qualitative in nature, the participants, whose FB posts
have been subjected to analyses, have been chosen purposively. A small
facet of the paper involves a quantitative analysis, i.e. the frequency
counts of the interpenetration of syntactic and semantic constituents of
the textual postings of the participants. At some extent, this paper draws
upon the mixed methods approach in its attempt to put the data under
scholarly lucubration
interest for many scholars. This present study investigated the attitude toward print-based and
electronic-based reading of 562 senior high school students (mean age = 17.71, standard deviation
= 0.0889) sampled across 10 schools (4 of which are privately managed). The study employed a
descriptive-quantitative-correlational design in determining the attitude of the respondents across
reading versions, significant difference in attitude of the respondents toward print-based and digital
reading, statistical difference in the attitude across the dichotomous variable gender, and the
relationships between attitudes. Moreover, data gathering was realized through the use of a survey
tool pilot tested (with reliability of Cronbach’s alpha = 0.811). The analysis of the data revealed
that the respondents harbor an attitude characterized as ‘somehow negative’ towards both versions
of reading. In addition, there is a significant difference in the respondents’ attitude toward print
and e-reading. Moreover, gender differences exist in the attitude toward print reading with females
exhibiting better attitudes. Last, there is a significant correlation between the respondents’ attitude
toward print and electronic reading.
broadsheets: The New York Times (NYT) and the Philippine Daily Inquirer (PDI) where the two
domains of analysis were done—the macrostructure and the microstructure levels. The macrostructure
was anchored upon the structure or model utilized by Katajamaki and Koskela (2006) and described by
Van Dijk where the three main sections of the editorials—introduction section, intermediate section and
the coda—were dissected. The editorial articles were found to be adherent to the structure as described by
Van Dijk. For the microstructure level, the hypercorrection and the supposed ―demise‖ of the relative
pronoun ―whom‖ was looked into. This paper claims that no hypercorrection was evident in the tokens
analyzed through AntConc 3.5.8 (Windows) 2019 in either of the broadsheets. The demise of ―whom,‖
where ―who‖ was used in the rightful place of ―whom‖ figured twice in the PDI editorials but never did in
any of the editorials in NYT. Along the preceding findings, the researchers were led to deduce that the
editorials from NYT were deemed more adherent to prescriptivism than the PDI editorials. This current
paper avers that for the teaching of the prescriptive rule relative to the use of ―whom‖ or the relative
pronouns more generally, the NYT and PDI editorials can be utilized but with caution in the use of the
PDI in that two tokens in the analysis were found to be aberrant.
Filipino has four voice markers (Ceña 2012), English has three (Celce-Murcia and LarsenFreeman 2008), and Chavacano has two, albeit the literatures claim that this language has merely
one, hence, the missing voice. How is the missing voice formally expressed in Chavacano? Data
have been collected on Chavacano learners’ performance in expressing the extra voices in Filipino
and English. This study employed descriptive-qualitative research generalizing from the patterns of
Chavacano sentences and hypothesizing in the process. The respondents were students and teachers
who were all native speakers of Chavacano. The responses were analyzed for the patterns in the
voicing system of the foregoing language and the responses were likewise utilized for the crosschecking of the possible variants. English and Filipino were the eliciting languages to analyze the
sentences in Chavacano. The sampling that was drawn upon was a non-probability sampling.
Filipino is a language that is rich in affixation whereby four different voice affixes trigger what
argument assumes the place of the subject. The voices in Filipino are active, passive, derived and
locative; English, albeit not having as much affixation as Filipino in its verbal morphology relative
to voice, has three voices: active, middle and passive. Chavacano has been analyzed as having only
the active voice; it has been found out, however, to have both the active and passive voices which
ought to have a great pedagogical relevance and implication as Mother Tongue-based Multilingual
Education (MTBMLE) is here to stay.