Background: Bacterial vaginosis is an infection of the vagina, which results due to change in the... more Background: Bacterial vaginosis is an infection of the vagina, which results due to change in the normal balance of vaginal bacteria. The aim of this study was to assess the magnitude and determinants of bacterial vaginosis among women of reproductive age group from Felege Hiwot Referral Hospital. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among women during the reproductive period at Felege Hiwot Referral Hospital from September 1, 2019 to October 2020. About 413 vaginal swab samples were collected and examined using the Nugent scoring system and culture. Data were analyzed by SPSS version 25. The odds ratio (OR) was used as a measure of the strength of association and reported with 95% confidence intervals. P-value ≤ 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression models were used to identify possible associated factors with bacteria causing bacterial vaginosis. Results: The overall prevalence of bacteria causing bacterial vaginosis was 39.5%. The predominant bacteria were S. aureus (25.4%), G. vaginalis (22.7%), S. agalactiae (14.1%), and E. coli (13.5%). S. aureus was resistant to erythromycin (69.8%) and trimethoprim/ sulfamethoxazole (53.5%); despite this, it was susceptible to ciprofloxacillin (93%), gentamycin (93%), and cefoxitin (90.7%). On the other hand, E. coli was resistant to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (91.3%) and ceftriaxone (63.6%), but was susceptible to ciprofloxacillin (95.5%) and gentamycin (93%). Conclusion: The high prevalence of bacterial vaginosis was significantly associated with the pH level of the vagina (≥4.5), participant age ≤20, pregnancy, and history of HIV infection. Therefore, early identification of factors leading to bacterial overgrowth on the vagina is very important to protect maternal and child morbidity and mortality.
Background: Malaria is a febrile illness caused by protozoan parasites of the genus Plasmodium. I... more Background: Malaria is a febrile illness caused by protozoan parasites of the genus Plasmodium. It is prevalent in tropical and subtropical countries and becomes a challenge to a highly endemic area of Africa including Ethiopia. The West Armachiho district is a malaria-endemic lowland area where communities are experiencing hyperendemic malaria transmission. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of malaria and the associated risk factors among asymptomatic migrant laborers in the West Armachiho district, Northwest Ethiopia. Materials and methods: Community-based cross-sectional study was conducted from September to December 2016 on 385 migrant laborers selected by proportionate two-stage sampling method in Agricultural camps of the West Armachiho district. A standardized questionnaire was used to collect sociodemographic data and risk factors. Capillary blood was collected for Giemsa-stained blood film examination to detect and identify Plasmodium parasites. Data were coded, entered, checked for completeness, and analyzed using SPSS version-20 statistical software. Multivariate logistic regression was used to asses significantly associated risk factors. A P-value <0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results: The prevalence of malaria was found to be 18.4% (n=71). Education level, home area or origin of migrant laborers, number of visits, outdoor sleeping, and bed net utilization were associated with the risk of malaria (P<0.05). Conclusion: Malaria was high in this study area and associated with outdoor sleeping, number of visits, home area, and bed net utilization.
Back ground: Bacterial infection is an important cause of maternal morbidity and mortality especi... more Back ground: Bacterial infection is an important cause of maternal morbidity and mortality especially in resource limited countries including Ethiopia. The major bacterial infections include urinary tract infection, septicemia and endometritis. The rise of antibiotic resistance bacterial infection poses a big threat to this vulnerable population. However, studies are lacking in Ethiopia.Objective: To assess bacterial profile, antibacterial susceptibility pattern and associated factors among mothers attending antenatal and postnatal care health service.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 222 study participants at the University of Gondar teaching Hospital from January 1 to May 30, 2016. Clinical specimens such as urine, blood and cervical discharge culture and antimicrobial susceptibility tests were done following standard procedure. Data were entered and analyzed with SPSS version 20. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression model were carried out. Conclusion: O...
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has recently gained global recognition as a priority health care c... more Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has recently gained global recognition as a priority health care challenge. There is growing consensus that at the rate resistance is developing against existing drugs, and in the face of prevailing deficit in new therapeutic options, emergence and spread of untreatable infections “a postantibiotic era” is a “very real possibility” (1); with a strong potential to reverse the gains of modern medicine in the last century. As such, AMR has been dubbed a global health security threat.
Background: Tuberculosis is a serious health threat, especially for people living with human immu... more Background: Tuberculosis is a serious health threat, especially for people living with human immune deficiency virus worldwide and the burden of TB/HIV infection is still high in Ethiopia in particular. Objective: To determine the predictors of tuberculosis infection among adults visiting anti-retroviral treatment center in East and west Gojjam, Northwest Ethiopia, 2017 Methods: An institution based unmatched case-control study was conducted in East and West Gojjam Zone, Northwest, Ethiopia from March 7-April 15, 2017. Cases were 139 tuberculosis infected human immune deficiency virus positives and controls were 413 non-TB infected HIV positives i.e. 1:3 proportion. All cases in each health facility who confirmed by acid-fast bacilli (direct microscopy), culture and gene expert were considered as TB positive fine needle aspiration. However controls were selected by using simple random sampling technique through the above diagnostic criteria and the data were collected with Face to face interview as well as patient medical record were used and the quality of the data were assured, checked, coded, cleaned and entered in EPI-Data version 3.1 and exported to SPSS version 20 for the analysis. Result: Of the total sample (556), just about 552(99.2%) were participated in the study among this 47.5% were females and 58.9% were rural. Behavioral and modifiable biological risk factors: alcohol users (AOR=2.
Background: Bacterial vaginosis is an infection of the vagina, which results due to change in the... more Background: Bacterial vaginosis is an infection of the vagina, which results due to change in the normal balance of vaginal bacteria. The aim of this study was to assess the magnitude and determinants of bacterial vaginosis among women of reproductive age group from Felege Hiwot Referral Hospital. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among women during the reproductive period at Felege Hiwot Referral Hospital from September 1, 2019 to October 2020. About 413 vaginal swab samples were collected and examined using the Nugent scoring system and culture. Data were analyzed by SPSS version 25. The odds ratio (OR) was used as a measure of the strength of association and reported with 95% confidence intervals. P-value ≤ 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression models were used to identify possible associated factors with bacteria causing bacterial vaginosis. Results: The overall prevalence of bacteria causin...
Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is a major public health problem among people living with Human Imm... more Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is a major public health problem among people living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) in resource-limited countries like Ethiopia. Up-todate information regarding TB co-morbidity and determinant factors among HIV seropositive individuals is lacking in the study area. Objective: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of TB co-morbidity and their determinants among HIV sero-positive individuals in Shegaw Motta district hospital. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 326 people living with HIV from February to April 2019, in Shegaw Motta district hospital. The systematic random sampling technique was used to select the study participants. Data were entered into the EpiData version 3.1 and analysis was done using SPSS version 20.0. Results: The prevalence of TB/HIV co-infection was 18.1%. TB/HIV patients whose drunk alcohol (AOR=2.36, 95% CI=1.07-5.19), BMI< 16 (AOR= 19.13, 95% CI=4.14-88.36), and BMI ranges between 16 and 18.5 (AOR=9.78, 95% CI=3.07-31.19), World Health Organization (WHO) clinical stage IV (AOR=23.02, 95% CI=3.76-140.97), WHO clinical stage III (AOR=14.36, 95% CI=3.50-58.92), and WHO clinical stage II (AOR=4.17, 95% CI=1.34-13.01), bedridden (AOR=13.79, 95% CI=5.44-34.95) and ambulatory functional status (AOR=5.30, 95% CI=1.87-15.05) were significant predictors for TB/HIV coinfection. Conclusion: The prevalence of TB among HIV sero-positive individuals is high. Determinant factors, including drinking alcohol, BMI, WHO clinical stage and functional status, were significant predictors for TB/HIV co-infections. Therefore, diagnosis of TB among sero-positive individuals should be strengthened in health institutions.
Background: Tuberculosis is a serious health risk, for people living with human immune deficiency... more Background: Tuberculosis is a serious health risk, for people living with human immune deficiency virus worldwide, and the burden of TB/HIV infection is still high in Ethiopia in particular. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the predictors of tuberculosis infection among adults visiting anti-retroviral treatment center in East and West Gojjam, northwest, Ethiopia. Methods: Institution based unmatched case-control study was employed to determine the predictors of tuberculosis infection among adults visiting anti-retroviral treatment center in east and west Gojjam, Northwest, Ethiopia from March 7-April 15, 2017. Just about 552 participants were participated in the study (139 Cases and 413 controls). Cases were confirmed with active TB and infected with HIV, and controls were HIV positive adults with non-TB. All cases in each health facility who confirmed by acid-fast bacilli, culture and gene expert were considered as TB positive. However, controls were selected by using simple random sampling technique through the above diagnostic criteria and the data were collected with Face to face interview as well as patient medical record were utilized, and the quality of the data were assured, checked, coded, cleaned and entered in EPI-Data version 3.1 and exported to SPSS version 20 for the analysis. Result: Of the total sample (556), just about 552(99.2%) were participated in the study. 47.5% were females and 58.9% were rural dweller. Behavioral and modifiable biological risk factors: alcohol users (AOR = 2.33; 95%CI:1.34, 4.07), BMI < 18.5 kg/ m2 (AOR = 3.03;95%CI:1.79,5.14), CD4 count ≤200 cells/μl (AOR = 2.34;95%CI:1.89,2.79) and between 201 and 499 cells/μl (AOR = 2.63; 95%CI: 1.01,6.84), bedridden and ambulatory (AOR = 3.3;95%CI:1.70,6.29 and AOR = 8.2;95%CI:4.34,15.64), respectively. TB history in the family (AOR = 3.00; 95%CI: 1.57, 5.74) were predictors for TB infection. Taking CPT (AOR = 0.36; 95%CI: 0.21, 0.62) and having early WHO clinical stage I or II (AOR = 0.34; 95%CI: 0.20, 0.56) had protective effect against TB infection. Conclusion: From this study, it has been concluded that alcohol users, BMI < 18.5 kg/m 2 , CD4 count < 499 cells/μl, bedridden and ambulatory and TB history were predictors for TB-HIV co-infected adults. Strengthen screening more frequently, CPT Prophlaxysis and treated promptly important to reduce TB co-morbidity.
Background: Bacterial vaginosis is an infection of the vagina, which results due to change in the... more Background: Bacterial vaginosis is an infection of the vagina, which results due to change in the normal balance of vaginal bacteria. The aim of this study was to assess the magnitude and determinants of bacterial vaginosis among women of reproductive age group from Felege Hiwot Referral Hospital. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among women during the reproductive period at Felege Hiwot Referral Hospital from September 1, 2019 to October 2020. About 413 vaginal swab samples were collected and examined using the Nugent scoring system and culture. Data were analyzed by SPSS version 25. The odds ratio (OR) was used as a measure of the strength of association and reported with 95% confidence intervals. P-value ≤ 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression models were used to identify possible associated factors with bacteria causing bacterial vaginosis. Results: The overall prevalence of bacteria causing bacterial vaginosis was 39.5%. The predominant bacteria were S. aureus (25.4%), G. vaginalis (22.7%), S. agalactiae (14.1%), and E. coli (13.5%). S. aureus was resistant to erythromycin (69.8%) and trimethoprim/ sulfamethoxazole (53.5%); despite this, it was susceptible to ciprofloxacillin (93%), gentamycin (93%), and cefoxitin (90.7%). On the other hand, E. coli was resistant to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (91.3%) and ceftriaxone (63.6%), but was susceptible to ciprofloxacillin (95.5%) and gentamycin (93%). Conclusion: The high prevalence of bacterial vaginosis was significantly associated with the pH level of the vagina (≥4.5), participant age ≤20, pregnancy, and history of HIV infection. Therefore, early identification of factors leading to bacterial overgrowth on the vagina is very important to protect maternal and child morbidity and mortality.
Background: Malaria is a febrile illness caused by protozoan parasites of the genus Plasmodium. I... more Background: Malaria is a febrile illness caused by protozoan parasites of the genus Plasmodium. It is prevalent in tropical and subtropical countries and becomes a challenge to a highly endemic area of Africa including Ethiopia. The West Armachiho district is a malaria-endemic lowland area where communities are experiencing hyperendemic malaria transmission. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of malaria and the associated risk factors among asymptomatic migrant laborers in the West Armachiho district, Northwest Ethiopia. Materials and methods: Community-based cross-sectional study was conducted from September to December 2016 on 385 migrant laborers selected by proportionate two-stage sampling method in Agricultural camps of the West Armachiho district. A standardized questionnaire was used to collect sociodemographic data and risk factors. Capillary blood was collected for Giemsa-stained blood film examination to detect and identify Plasmodium parasites. Data were coded, entered, checked for completeness, and analyzed using SPSS version-20 statistical software. Multivariate logistic regression was used to asses significantly associated risk factors. A P-value <0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results: The prevalence of malaria was found to be 18.4% (n=71). Education level, home area or origin of migrant laborers, number of visits, outdoor sleeping, and bed net utilization were associated with the risk of malaria (P<0.05). Conclusion: Malaria was high in this study area and associated with outdoor sleeping, number of visits, home area, and bed net utilization.
Back ground: Bacterial infection is an important cause of maternal morbidity and mortality especi... more Back ground: Bacterial infection is an important cause of maternal morbidity and mortality especially in resource limited countries including Ethiopia. The major bacterial infections include urinary tract infection, septicemia and endometritis. The rise of antibiotic resistance bacterial infection poses a big threat to this vulnerable population. However, studies are lacking in Ethiopia.Objective: To assess bacterial profile, antibacterial susceptibility pattern and associated factors among mothers attending antenatal and postnatal care health service.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 222 study participants at the University of Gondar teaching Hospital from January 1 to May 30, 2016. Clinical specimens such as urine, blood and cervical discharge culture and antimicrobial susceptibility tests were done following standard procedure. Data were entered and analyzed with SPSS version 20. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression model were carried out. Conclusion: O...
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has recently gained global recognition as a priority health care c... more Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has recently gained global recognition as a priority health care challenge. There is growing consensus that at the rate resistance is developing against existing drugs, and in the face of prevailing deficit in new therapeutic options, emergence and spread of untreatable infections “a postantibiotic era” is a “very real possibility” (1); with a strong potential to reverse the gains of modern medicine in the last century. As such, AMR has been dubbed a global health security threat.
Background: Tuberculosis is a serious health threat, especially for people living with human immu... more Background: Tuberculosis is a serious health threat, especially for people living with human immune deficiency virus worldwide and the burden of TB/HIV infection is still high in Ethiopia in particular. Objective: To determine the predictors of tuberculosis infection among adults visiting anti-retroviral treatment center in East and west Gojjam, Northwest Ethiopia, 2017 Methods: An institution based unmatched case-control study was conducted in East and West Gojjam Zone, Northwest, Ethiopia from March 7-April 15, 2017. Cases were 139 tuberculosis infected human immune deficiency virus positives and controls were 413 non-TB infected HIV positives i.e. 1:3 proportion. All cases in each health facility who confirmed by acid-fast bacilli (direct microscopy), culture and gene expert were considered as TB positive fine needle aspiration. However controls were selected by using simple random sampling technique through the above diagnostic criteria and the data were collected with Face to face interview as well as patient medical record were used and the quality of the data were assured, checked, coded, cleaned and entered in EPI-Data version 3.1 and exported to SPSS version 20 for the analysis. Result: Of the total sample (556), just about 552(99.2%) were participated in the study among this 47.5% were females and 58.9% were rural. Behavioral and modifiable biological risk factors: alcohol users (AOR=2.
Background: Bacterial vaginosis is an infection of the vagina, which results due to change in the... more Background: Bacterial vaginosis is an infection of the vagina, which results due to change in the normal balance of vaginal bacteria. The aim of this study was to assess the magnitude and determinants of bacterial vaginosis among women of reproductive age group from Felege Hiwot Referral Hospital. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among women during the reproductive period at Felege Hiwot Referral Hospital from September 1, 2019 to October 2020. About 413 vaginal swab samples were collected and examined using the Nugent scoring system and culture. Data were analyzed by SPSS version 25. The odds ratio (OR) was used as a measure of the strength of association and reported with 95% confidence intervals. P-value ≤ 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression models were used to identify possible associated factors with bacteria causing bacterial vaginosis. Results: The overall prevalence of bacteria causin...
Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is a major public health problem among people living with Human Imm... more Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is a major public health problem among people living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) in resource-limited countries like Ethiopia. Up-todate information regarding TB co-morbidity and determinant factors among HIV seropositive individuals is lacking in the study area. Objective: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of TB co-morbidity and their determinants among HIV sero-positive individuals in Shegaw Motta district hospital. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 326 people living with HIV from February to April 2019, in Shegaw Motta district hospital. The systematic random sampling technique was used to select the study participants. Data were entered into the EpiData version 3.1 and analysis was done using SPSS version 20.0. Results: The prevalence of TB/HIV co-infection was 18.1%. TB/HIV patients whose drunk alcohol (AOR=2.36, 95% CI=1.07-5.19), BMI< 16 (AOR= 19.13, 95% CI=4.14-88.36), and BMI ranges between 16 and 18.5 (AOR=9.78, 95% CI=3.07-31.19), World Health Organization (WHO) clinical stage IV (AOR=23.02, 95% CI=3.76-140.97), WHO clinical stage III (AOR=14.36, 95% CI=3.50-58.92), and WHO clinical stage II (AOR=4.17, 95% CI=1.34-13.01), bedridden (AOR=13.79, 95% CI=5.44-34.95) and ambulatory functional status (AOR=5.30, 95% CI=1.87-15.05) were significant predictors for TB/HIV coinfection. Conclusion: The prevalence of TB among HIV sero-positive individuals is high. Determinant factors, including drinking alcohol, BMI, WHO clinical stage and functional status, were significant predictors for TB/HIV co-infections. Therefore, diagnosis of TB among sero-positive individuals should be strengthened in health institutions.
Background: Tuberculosis is a serious health risk, for people living with human immune deficiency... more Background: Tuberculosis is a serious health risk, for people living with human immune deficiency virus worldwide, and the burden of TB/HIV infection is still high in Ethiopia in particular. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the predictors of tuberculosis infection among adults visiting anti-retroviral treatment center in East and West Gojjam, northwest, Ethiopia. Methods: Institution based unmatched case-control study was employed to determine the predictors of tuberculosis infection among adults visiting anti-retroviral treatment center in east and west Gojjam, Northwest, Ethiopia from March 7-April 15, 2017. Just about 552 participants were participated in the study (139 Cases and 413 controls). Cases were confirmed with active TB and infected with HIV, and controls were HIV positive adults with non-TB. All cases in each health facility who confirmed by acid-fast bacilli, culture and gene expert were considered as TB positive. However, controls were selected by using simple random sampling technique through the above diagnostic criteria and the data were collected with Face to face interview as well as patient medical record were utilized, and the quality of the data were assured, checked, coded, cleaned and entered in EPI-Data version 3.1 and exported to SPSS version 20 for the analysis. Result: Of the total sample (556), just about 552(99.2%) were participated in the study. 47.5% were females and 58.9% were rural dweller. Behavioral and modifiable biological risk factors: alcohol users (AOR = 2.33; 95%CI:1.34, 4.07), BMI < 18.5 kg/ m2 (AOR = 3.03;95%CI:1.79,5.14), CD4 count ≤200 cells/μl (AOR = 2.34;95%CI:1.89,2.79) and between 201 and 499 cells/μl (AOR = 2.63; 95%CI: 1.01,6.84), bedridden and ambulatory (AOR = 3.3;95%CI:1.70,6.29 and AOR = 8.2;95%CI:4.34,15.64), respectively. TB history in the family (AOR = 3.00; 95%CI: 1.57, 5.74) were predictors for TB infection. Taking CPT (AOR = 0.36; 95%CI: 0.21, 0.62) and having early WHO clinical stage I or II (AOR = 0.34; 95%CI: 0.20, 0.56) had protective effect against TB infection. Conclusion: From this study, it has been concluded that alcohol users, BMI < 18.5 kg/m 2 , CD4 count < 499 cells/μl, bedridden and ambulatory and TB history were predictors for TB-HIV co-infected adults. Strengthen screening more frequently, CPT Prophlaxysis and treated promptly important to reduce TB co-morbidity.
Uploads
Papers by Abebaw Bitew