Papers by ABDURAHMAN O . DANSA
Humanities and Social Sciences
This study aimed to investigate the socioeconomic effects and prospects of capacities of sustaina... more This study aimed to investigate the socioeconomic effects and prospects of capacities of sustainable peace surrounding the conflicts between Oromo-Somali PAP groups in the study area. Conflicts between Oromo and Somali PAP groups have existed in different forms for centuries. A number of empirical studies were conducted on the effects of Oromo-Somali conflicts between the PAP groups in a generic manner. Nonetheless, earlier studies have methodological dearth in pinpointing conflict of interests between range resources users, the main effects of conflicts and prospects of peace in the study area. So, it needs to bridge existing information and knowledge gaps. Hence, 160 PAP households were randomly selected to facilitate primary data collection by using household survey. Qualitative data were also collected by using key informant interviewees (KIIs) and focus group discussions (FGDs). Descriptive research design; descriptive and inferential statistics were employed. The proportion of sample households composed of 49% of Oromo and 51% Somali groups. The result of findings showed death and injury, internal displacement, destruction of infrastructure and public services, weakening of customary institutions; loss of household assets and livelihoods, weakening government capacity, land degradation and fertility deterioration due to lack of natural resources management were also found the socioeconomic impacts of violent conflicts. Traditional customary and formal security institutions were found the important factors of capacities of peace. Strengthening the formal and customary institutions in defining and enforcing property rights, limiting opportunistic behavior would help significantly to maintain rule of law and ensure sustainable peace. Sustainable development interventions and looking for alternative solution to the degrading and deteriorating resource environment are critical to reduce vulnerability in the study area.
Humanities and Social Sciences
Freedom of expression is not absolute right and may be restricted for the sake of protecting othe... more Freedom of expression is not absolute right and may be restricted for the sake of protecting other fundamental human rights in accordance with law. Online social Media is unlike print media, tend to be unregulated and provide services being manipulated all over the world. Hate speech should not be hided under the protective umbrella of freedom of speech or expression. There must have a clear demarcation between free speech and hate speech. Accordingly, the main objective of the article is to examine international legal instruments, Ethiopian legal frameworks and institutional setting which regulate hate speech. In order to achieve the intended aims, the study employed doctrinal legal research on which legal analysis of the principal legislations. In so doing, the result of findings identified a lot of legal vacuums with regards to hate speech. Further, the existing FDRE proclamation No.1185/2020 provides responsibilities of service provider institutions to suppress and prevent dissemination of hate speech; however, the practical enforcement of hate speech legislation in Ethiopia suffers challenges inter-alia: absence of uniform definition, contents and scope of hate speech, anonymity, jurisdiction etc. Finally, the study used OSCOLA rule of reference in this article.
Soil erosion is being detected as a risk to human survival by diminishing the food and water avai... more Soil erosion is being detected as a risk to human survival by diminishing the food and water availability of the planet Earth in the 21 st century. Assessment and management of this resource are becoming extremely important. This study aimed to investigate Soil Erosion Risk and Prioritize for soil and water conservation measures in the study area. Satellite data, SRTM DEM, Land sat 8 OLI with 30m resolution; rainfall and soil data were used to generate all soil erosion risk factor maps and integrated to generate a composite map of soil loss for the watershed. The RUSLE model in combination with remote sensing and GIS techniques was used to identify the five thematic maps as an input to estimate mean annual soil loss. The results of the spatial distribution of soil erosion risk factors indicated that rainfall erosivity, soil erodibility, slope length and steepness, cover management, and anthropogenic soil erosion control practices values ranged from 41.365 to 43.793MJ mm ha −1 yr −1 , 0.26 to 0.31t ha −1 MJ −1 mm −1 , 0 to 220.512, 0.21 to 0.87 and 0.11 to 1 respectively. And the most powerful factor that influences soil erosion risk is topography followed by anthropogenic soil erosion control practices. The results of the study showed that the annual soil loss rate in the watershed ranged from 0 in gentle slopes to 1504 t ha-1 yr-1 at the steepest slope of the watershed with a mean annual soil loss of 48.5 t ha-1 yr-1 at Midhagdu watershed level. The soil loss map was categorized into five soil loss numerical ranges and soil loss risk nominal scales: low, moderate, high, very high, and extremely high using Ethiopian highland maximum soil loss threshold level 18 t ha-1 yr-1. The soil loss risk levels identified at 28 micro watersheds showed that twelve micro watersheds rated as first, eleven micro watersheds as second, and three micro watersheds as the third priority for soil and water conservation measures implementation. Out of 28 micro watersheds, 26 fell above Ethiopian highland maximum soil loss threshold levels. Therefore, the study result indicated that the Midhagdu watershed needs immediate intervention for better for soil and water conservation measures implementation planning by considering identified soil erosion risk areas and priority classes to control soil erosion risk below the national threshold level.
First of all, express my gratitude to ALLAH the almighty for providing me with the courage, guida... more First of all, express my gratitude to ALLAH the almighty for providing me with the courage, guidance, patience, strength, and passion throughout my study period, for I understand without the Lord I would have given up. Alhamdulillah! I am sincerely grateful to my principal advisor Solomon Tekalign (PhD) for his priceless guidance and support during the coursework and research period. He has rendered me critical and detailed comments and suggestions/ advices in the thesis right from inception to completion. I would also like to express my heartfelt gratitude to my coadvisor Awol Akmel (PhD) for his support throughout the research. My appreciation also goes to Miesso/
This article aimed to investigate features and causes of the conflicts between Oromo and Somali P... more This article aimed to investigate features and causes of the conflicts between Oromo and Somali Pastoral and agro-pastoral (PAP) groups in the study area. Hence, 160 PAP households were randomly selected to facilitate primary data collection by using household survey. Qualitative data were collected by using key informant interviewees (KIIs) and Focal group discussions (FGDs). Field observation, informal discussion and review of secondary data were also supported data collection process of the study. Descriptive research design; descriptive and inferential statistics were employed. The proportion of sample households composed of 49% Oromo and 51% Somali groups. The result of findings showed recurrent drought, rangeland degradation, conflicting land use between the contending groups, hostile relationships, enmity stereotype and incitement, instability due to increasing frequency and magnitude of violent conflicts, firearms and weapons proliferation and weak capacity of customary institutions were ranked as the main features of conflicts in the study area. High frequency of prevalence violent conflicts was seen in the past two decades (2000-2020) with increasing trends of conflicts, as 83% of households responded. The Scarcity of range resources, lack of property rights to communal grazing resource, weak capacity of customary institutions and government system to ensure rule of law were found the main causes that often prompt contending groups towards violent conflicts, significant differences, at p<0.01, 0.05 and 0.1, between the two groups. In the light of findings this paper concludes that the two PAP groups are significantly different in all factors that prompt contending groups to embark on conflicts due to their differences in socioeconomic , cultural, political and resource-related factors.
Freedom of expression is not absolute right and may be restricted for the sake of protecting othe... more Freedom of expression is not absolute right and may be restricted for the sake of protecting other fundamental human rights in accordance with law. Online social Media is unlike print media, tend to be unregulated and provide services being manipulated all over the world. Hate speech should not be hided under the protective umbrella of freedom of speech or expression. There must have a clear demarcation between free speech and hate speech. Accordingly, the main objective of the article is to examine international legal instruments, Ethiopian legal frameworks and institutional setting which regulate hate speech. In order to achieve the intended aims, the study employed doctrinal legal research on which legal analysis of the principal legislations. In so doing, the result of findings identified a lot of legal vacuums with regards to hate speech. Further, the existing FDRE proclamation No.1185/2020 provides responsibilities of service provider institutions to suppress and prevent dissemination of hate speech; however, the practical enforcement of hate speech legislation in Ethiopia suffers challenges inter-alia: absence of uniform definition, contents and scope of hate speech, anonymity, jurisdiction etc. Finally, the study used OSCOLA rule of reference in this article.
This study aimed to investigate the socioeconomic effects and prospects of capacities of sustaina... more This study aimed to investigate the socioeconomic effects and prospects of capacities of sustainable peace surrounding the conflicts between Oromo-Somali PAP groups in the study area. Conflicts between Oromo and Somali PAP groups have existed in different forms for centuries. A number of empirical studies were conducted on the effects of Oromo-Somali conflicts between the PAP groups in a generic manner. Nonetheless, earlier studies have methodological dearth in pinpointing conflict of interests between range resources users, the main effects of conflicts and prospects of peace in the study area. So, it needs to bridge existing information and knowledge gaps. Hence, 160 PAP households were randomly selected to facilitate primary data collection by using household survey. Qualitative data were also collected by using key informant interviewees (KIIs) and focus group discussions (FGDs). Descriptive research design; descriptive and inferential statistics were employed. The proportion of sample households composed of 49% of Oromo and 51% Somali groups. The result of findings showed death and injury, internal displacement, destruction of infrastructure and public services, weakening of customary institutions; loss of household assets and livelihoods, weakening government capacity, land degradation and fertility deterioration due to lack of natural resources management were also found the socioeconomic impacts of violent conflicts. Traditional customary and formal security institutions were found the important factors of capacities of peace. Strengthening the formal and customary institutions in defining and enforcing property rights, limiting opportunistic behavior would help significantly to maintain rule of law and ensure sustainable peace. Sustainable development interventions and looking for alternative solution to the degrading and deteriorating resource environment are critical to reduce vulnerability in the study area.
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Papers by ABDURAHMAN O . DANSA