Videos by Aristeidis Voulgaris
The polar lathe original reconstruction was constructed by The Functional Reconstruction of Antik... more The polar lathe original reconstruction was constructed by The Functional Reconstruction of Antikythera Mechanism-The FRAMe Project team. The lathe reconstruction was based on the original photos of the lathe as presented in the mural of Ptolemaic Petosiris Tomb.
Relative publication https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S2212054818300353?via%3Dihub 4 views
Original reconstruction and use of an ancient Greek bow drill of the late archaic period (490 BC)... more Original reconstruction and use of an ancient Greek bow drill of the late archaic period (490 BC), as presented in a Hydria (Museum of Fine Arts, Boston). The reconstruction was made by The Functional Reconstruction of Antikythera Mechanism-The FRAMe Project. Relative publication: Ancient machine tools for the construction of the Antikythera Mechanism parts
by A. Voulgaris, C. Mouratidis, A. Vossinakis (DAACH), https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S2212054818300353?via%3Dihub 7 views
Original reconstruction and use of the ancient Greek of late archaic period bow drill, as is pres... more Original reconstruction and use of the ancient Greek of late archaic period bow drill, as is presented in the Greek clay krater of State Hermitage Museum (ΓР 4531). The bow drill reconstruction was made by The Functional Reconstruction of Antiythera Mechanism-The FRAMe Project team. Relative publication: Ancient machine tools for the construction of the Antikythera Mechanism parts (A. Voulgaris, C. Mouratidis, A. Vossinakis, DAACH) https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S2212054818300353?via%3Dihub 7 views
This video presents on of the functional reconstructions of Antikythera Mechanism, designed, cons... more This video presents on of the functional reconstructions of Antikythera Mechanism, designed, constructed by the team The Functiona Reconstruction of Antikythera Mechanism-The FRAMe Project.
On the Input-Lunar Disc was adapted a pulley and with a motor, the Mechanism gears started rotating. 3 views
Drafts by Aristeidis Voulgaris
This work analyzes the phase correlation of the three lunar cycles and the Saros/Exeligmos cycle,... more This work analyzes the phase correlation of the three lunar cycles and the Saros/Exeligmos cycle, after the study of the chapter "About Exeligmos" in "Introduction to the Phenomena" by Geminus. The main result is that each Exeligmos/Saros Cycle began on specific, rare dates directly related to a specific phase of the three lunar cycles. The Annular Solar eclipse on December 22 th 178BC belonging to Saros series 58, marks the start of the "Prominent Saros Cycle Apokatastasis", analyzed in this paper. After the analysis of the two Parapegma plates position on Antikythera Mechanism Front plate, the date of Winter Solstice/December 23 rd 178BC could be considered as the probable date of the start of the Mechanism Metonic dial. This date is directly correlated to the Exeligmos/Saros specific dates. During these two neighboring dates, the religious festival of Isia was celebrated in Egypt and the Hellenistic Greece. The correlation of these results, lead to the calculation of the initial calibration date/pointers position which is ideal, functional and representative for the specific design of the Antikythera Mechanism.
The Draconic gearing of the Antikythera Mechanism: Assembling the Fragment D, its role and operation, 2020
The unplaced Fragment D of the Antikythera Mechanism with an unknown operation was a mystery sinc... more The unplaced Fragment D of the Antikythera Mechanism with an unknown operation was a mystery since the beginning of its discovery. The gear-r1, which was detected on the Fragment radiographies by C. Karakalos, is preserved in excellent condition, but this was not enough to correlate it to the existing gear trainings of the Mechanism. The suggestion that this gear could be a part of the hypothetical planet indication gearing is still a hypothesis since no mechanical evidence has been preserved. After the analysis of AMRP tomographies of Fragment D and its mechanical characteristics revealed that it could be part of the Draconic gearing. Although the Draconic cycle was well known during the Mechanism’s era as represents the fourth Lunar cycle, it seems that it is missing from the Antikythera Mechanism. The study of Fragment D was supported by the bronze reconstruction of the Draconic gearing by the authors. The adaptation of the Draconic gearing on the Antikythera Mechanism improves its functionality and gives answers on several questions.
Chemical reactions with seawater changed the bronze material and the color of the Antikythera Mec... more Chemical reactions with seawater changed the bronze material and the color of the Antikythera Mechanism. The deformation and the displacement of the bronze parts are clearly evident on the visual photographs, on Antikythera Mechanism Research Project (AMRP) X-ray radiographs, and computed tomography (CT) scans as a result of the under-seawater material density change and the dehydration of the Mechanism after its removal from the Aegean/Kretan Sea bottom. In present work the first steps of the copper/bronze corrosion under the sea are simulated and presented. The geometric changes and the deformations of the Mechanism parts, which have repercussions on their shape, dimension, and relative position, are analyzed. Studying the visual photographs and the AMRP X-ray CTs of the partially preserved parts, the Functional Reconstruction of Antikythera Mechanism Project team digitally reconstructed and completed some of the lost/destroyed wooden and bronze parts and calculated the dimensions of the plates and the wooden casements of the Antikythera Mechanism ancient prototype.
The first results during the implementation of the project The Functional Reconstruction of Antik... more The first results during the implementation of the project The Functional Reconstruction of Antikythera Mechanism, The FRAMe Project.
The present study aims to investigate the astronomical calendar-dial display of the Antikythera M... more The present study aims to investigate the astronomical calendar-dial display of the Antikythera Mechanism Front Plate. The design, position and role of the Zodiac ring, are investigated and discussed. Special photographs taken from the ancient prototype, give us new information about the design and operation of the front dial. From these new findings about the Zodiac ring, we conclude that the user of the mechanism was able to easily perform astronomical calculations at any selected time-of past or future date. Based on the new findings during ''The Functional Reconstruction of Antikythera Mechanism Project'' (FRAMe), we reconstructed the new bronze front plate and we placed it in our functional model of the Antikythera Mechanism.
After a careful examination of the Antikythera Mechanism CT scans from AMRP, we designed and cons... more After a careful examination of the Antikythera Mechanism CT scans from AMRP, we designed and constructed the mechanical parts that are visible on the scans. We then reconstructed two functional models of the Antikythera mechanism and in this paper we present the observations and the conclusions drawn from their use. The use of these models helped us to understand how the mechanism worked and provided answers in questions regarding the presence and the use of some parts.
Papers by Aristeidis Voulgaris
Research Square (Research Square), Feb 15, 2024
The solar corona spectroscopic analysis, the ionized iron line formations and the Argon X detecti... more The solar corona spectroscopic analysis, the ionized iron line formations and the Argon X detection during the Total Solar Eclipse of
A total eclipse swept across Queensland and other sites in northeastern Australia on the early mo... more A total eclipse swept across Queensland and other sites in northeastern Australia on the early morning of 14 November 2012, local time. We mounted equipment to observe coronal images and spectra during the approximately 2 minutes of totality, the former for comparison with spacecraft images and to fill in the doughnut of imaging not well covered with space coronagraphs. Matching weather statistics, viewing was spotty, and our best observations were from a last-minute inland site on the Tablelands, with some observations from a helicopter at 9000 feet altitude over our original viewing site at Miallo. Only glimpses of the corona were visible at our Port Douglas and Trinity Beach, Cairns, locations, with totality obscured from our sites at Newell and Miallo, though some holes in the clouds provided coronal views from Palm Cove and elsewhere along the coast. Preliminary analysis of the spectra again shows Fe XIV stronger than Fe X, as in 2010 but not earlier, a sign of solar maximum, a...
Our studies of the solar chromosphere and corona at the 2012 and 2013 eclipses shortly after cycl... more Our studies of the solar chromosphere and corona at the 2012 and 2013 eclipses shortly after cycle maximum 24 (2011/2012) of solar activity (see: http://www.swpc.noaa.gov/SolarCycle/) involved radio observations of the 2012 annular eclipse with the Jansky Very Large Array, optical observations of the 2012 total eclipse from Australia, optical observations of the 2013 annular eclipse from Tennant Creek, Australia, and the 3 November 2013 total solar eclipse from Gabon. Our observations are coordinated with those from solar spacecraft: Solar Dynamics Observatory AIA and HMI, Hinode XRT and SOT, SOHO LASCO and EIT, PROBA2 SWAP, and STEREO SECCHI. Our 2012 totality observations include a CME whose motion was observed with a 37-minute interval. We include first results from the expedition to Gabon for the 3 November 2013 eclipse, a summary of eclipse results from along the path of totality across Africa, and a summary of the concomitant spacecraft observations. The Williams College 2012 ...
We report on our eclipse expedition to Kastellorizo, Greece, in the Dodecanese off the Turkish co... more We report on our eclipse expedition to Kastellorizo, Greece, in the Dodecanese off the Turkish coast. We observed 3 min 00 sec of totality on 29 March 2006. All our observations worked very well. One of them was high-time-resolution (10 Hz) observations in the coronal green line looking at coronal loops; another was similar observations in the coronal red line; both are to determine among theories of coronal heating and continue earlier reports of excess Fourier power in the 1 Hz range. As we knew from SOHO observations from the day before the eclipse, an active region was stationed right on the east limb and it gave us very suitable loops to study, with pointing in agreement with TRACE. A third set of observations used a very narrow-band filter (Fabry-Perot), with 1/6 angstrom resolution, to make velocity (Doppler) images of the same coronal loops. A fourth set of observations used a telescope we had built to match the size of the now defunct innermost coronagraph on the NASA/ESA S...
Voulgaris et al., 2023b, 2023
We present new observations concerning the procedure for the reconstruction of the lost eclipse e... more We present new observations concerning the procedure for the reconstruction of the lost eclipse events engraved in the Saros spiral cells of the Antikythera Mechanism. For the reconstructed eclipse events we applied the necessary, albeit missing, Draconic gearing of the Antikythera Mechanism [using the Fragment D(raconic)gear r1], which was probably a part of the Mechanism's gearing, representing the fourth lunar motion, the Draconic cycle. The Draconic gearing is very critical for the eclipse prediction and defines whether an eclipse will occur. For our research we created a program which presents the phase of the four lunar cycles-including the position of the Draconic pointer relative to the ecliptic limits. After calibrating the program according to the preserved eclipse events, the lost eclipse events of the Saros spiral were calculated and discussed. The procedure for the calculation of the events' times by using solely the Mechanism based on the pin&slot configuration, is also presented. The eccentricity error of a gear which is preserved on the ancient prototype is analyzed. An experimental setup facilitated the analysis of the mechanical errors of the gears and the study of the motion transmission between gears with triangular teeth. The experimental study of the gears errors revealed the strong impact the Antikythera Mechanism pointers' position has on the results.
The present study aims to investigate the astronomical calendar-dial display of the Antikythera M... more The present study aims to investigate the astronomical calendar-dial display of the Antikythera Mechanism Front Plate. The design, position and role of the Zodiac ring, are investigated and discussed. Special photographs taken from the ancient prototype, give us new information about the design and operation of the front dial. From these new findings about the Zodiac ring, we conclude that the user of the mechanism was able to easily perform astronomical calculations at any selected time - of past or future date. Based on the new findings during ‘’The Functional Reconstruction of Antikythera Mechanism Project’’ (FRAMe), we reconstructed the new bronze front plate and we placed it in our functional model of the Antikythera Mechanism.
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research), Oct 1, 2022
The unplaced Fragment D of the Antikythera Mechanism with an unknown operation was a mystery ever... more The unplaced Fragment D of the Antikythera Mechanism with an unknown operation was a mystery ever since it was discovered. The gear r1, which was detected in Fragment-D radiographies by C. Karakalos is preserved in excellent condition, but this was not enough to directly relate it to the existing gear trains of the Mechanism. The suggestion that Fragment D could be a part of the hypothetical planet indication gearing is a hypothesis, in contradiction with the AMRP tomographies, and leads to mechanical malfunctions. The analysis of AMRP tomographies of Fragment D and its mechanical characteristics, revealed that it could be part of the Draconic gearing. Currently, the three lunar cycles Synodic, Sidereal and Anomalistic are represented on the Antikythera Mechanism. Although the Draconic cycle was well known during the Mechanism's era as representing the critical fourth Lunar cycle, it seems that it is missing from the Antikythera Mechanism. The study of Fragment D was supported by our bronze reconstructions of the Fragment D, leading to the reconstruction of the Draconic gearing. These results are very important, because with the use of only one hypothetical/missing gear, the Draconic gearing is revealed on the Antikythera Mechanism. Fragment D(raconic) can be perfectly correlated with the Draconic cycle of the Antikythera Mechanism without mechanical problems and the four lunar cycles appear on the Mechanism. Based on the Draconic pointer, the eclipse events can be calculated and engraved on the Saros spiral cells.
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Videos by Aristeidis Voulgaris
Relative publication https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S2212054818300353?via%3Dihub
by A. Voulgaris, C. Mouratidis, A. Vossinakis (DAACH), https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S2212054818300353?via%3Dihub
On the Input-Lunar Disc was adapted a pulley and with a motor, the Mechanism gears started rotating.
Drafts by Aristeidis Voulgaris
Papers by Aristeidis Voulgaris
Relative publication https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S2212054818300353?via%3Dihub
by A. Voulgaris, C. Mouratidis, A. Vossinakis (DAACH), https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S2212054818300353?via%3Dihub
On the Input-Lunar Disc was adapted a pulley and with a motor, the Mechanism gears started rotating.