At the end of 1992 the German Aerospace Research Establishment (DLR) and Lufthansa German Airline... more At the end of 1992 the German Aerospace Research Establishment (DLR) and Lufthansa German Airlines (DLH) decided to develop as a joint venture a Crew Resource Management training. This paper describes the stages of its development, the training contents and methods, andits first results.
Living in the space environment and exposure to microgravity induce a number of effects that may ... more Living in the space environment and exposure to microgravity induce a number of effects that may interfere with human cognitive and psychomotor performance. However, up to now very few attempts have been made to monitor possible impairments of human performance during space missions. In the present single-case study several cognitive and psychomotor functions were monitored during an 8-day space mission to an orbital station using a computerized performance monitoring device. This device included four different tasks, which were selected from a battery of Standardized Tests for Research with Environmental Stressors published recently by the NATO Advisory Group for Aerospace Research and Development, and which demanded logical reasoning and decision-making functions, memory retrieval functions, and fine manual control. Each task was performed 23 times (6 preflight, 13 inflight, 4 postflight sessions). By means of single-subject statistics inflight performance was compared with baseline performance during pre- and postflight sessions. In accordance with the few previous performance studies conducted during space flights, speed and accuracy of short-term memory retrieval and logical reasoning functions remained unimpaired during the stay in space. However, clear decrements in tracking performance were found, showing to increased difficulties in fine manual control. These results suggest that performance decrements in space may arise primarily in psychomotor functions due to alterations requiring an effortful accommodation of motor skills which had been acquired under 1-g conditions to the new conditions of microgravity.
... Martin Reichl, Robert Dünger, Alexander Schiewe, Thomas Klemmer, Markus Hartleb, Christopher ... more ... Martin Reichl, Robert Dünger, Alexander Schiewe, Thomas Klemmer, Markus Hartleb, Christopher Lux, and Bernd Fröhlich Faculty of Media Bauhaus-Universität Weimar Bauhausstr. 11, D-99423 Weimar, Germany email: [email protected]. ...
This paper presents the design and implementation of a GPU-based ray tracing system for dynamic s... more This paper presents the design and implementation of a GPU-based ray tracing system for dynamic scenes consisting of a set of individual, non-deformable objects. The triangles of each object are organized in a separate Kd-tree. A bounding volume hierarchy (BVH) is built on top of these Kd-trees. The BVH is updated and uploaded into GPU memory on a frame-by-frame basis, whereas the Kd-trees are uploaded only once. We use a single ray tracing kernel for handling all ray generations. Code execution path divergence is limited by the use of a ray stack, which treats all ray types in the same way. We make effective use of the very limited high bandwidth memory of the GPU's multiprocessors by using a smart stack for the acceleration structure traversals. The results show that our GPU implementation of a two-level acceleration approach performs between 40 and 105 percent as fast as a single Kd-tree containing the entire scene.
2007 6th IEEE and ACM International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, 2007
: Basic object manipulation techniques such as translation (a) and rotation (b) are illustrated i... more : Basic object manipulation techniques such as translation (a) and rotation (b) are illustrated in long exposure photographs. Augmentation can be projector-based (a-c) or via video-see-through (d). These application examples show basic augmentations of building structures (a,b,d), distance measurements (c) and material-color simulations (c). They are described in more detail in section 7.2.
Summary For the management or reorganisation of existing buildings, data concerning dimensions an... more Summary For the management or reorganisation of existing buildings, data concerning dimensions and construction are necessary. Often these data are given exclusively by paper-based drawings and no digital data such as a computer based product model or even a CAD-model are ...
Mehr als 60% aller Flugunfälle in der kommerziellen Jet-Fliegerei sind auf ein Fehlverhalten der ... more Mehr als 60% aller Flugunfälle in der kommerziellen Jet-Fliegerei sind auf ein Fehlverhalten der Flugbesatzungen zurckzuführen. Trotz der Arbeit im Multi Crew Cockpit wird die damit verbundene Redundanz häufig nicht angemessen zur Leistungssteigerung eingesetzt. Als Schwerpunkte menschbedingter Unfälle lassen sich Mängel im Informationsaustausch, in der zwischenmenschlichen Interaktion, im Entscheidungsverhalten und in der psychischen Belastbarkeit erkennen. In Crew Resource Management Trainings wird deshalb das Verhalten in den Bereichen Kommunikation, Führungs- und Teamverhalten, Urteilen und Entscheiden sowie Streßewältigung gefördert. Die vorliegende Arbeit gibt einen Überblick über existierende Trainingsmodelle und -methoden und spricht Empfehlungen für deren Optimierung aus. In einem gesonderten Kapitel wird die Übertragbarkeit der für das Cockpitpersonal entwickelten Konzepte auf die Flugsicherung diskutiert. Besonderheiten dieses Bereichs werden herausgestellt.
At the end of 1992 the German Aerospace Research Establishment (DLR) and Lufthansa German Airline... more At the end of 1992 the German Aerospace Research Establishment (DLR) and Lufthansa German Airlines (DLH) decided to develop as a joint venture a Crew Resource Management training. This paper describes the stages of its development, the training contents and methods, andits first results.
Living in the space environment and exposure to microgravity induce a number of effects that may ... more Living in the space environment and exposure to microgravity induce a number of effects that may interfere with human cognitive and psychomotor performance. However, up to now very few attempts have been made to monitor possible impairments of human performance during space missions. In the present single-case study several cognitive and psychomotor functions were monitored during an 8-day space mission to an orbital station using a computerized performance monitoring device. This device included four different tasks, which were selected from a battery of Standardized Tests for Research with Environmental Stressors published recently by the NATO Advisory Group for Aerospace Research and Development, and which demanded logical reasoning and decision-making functions, memory retrieval functions, and fine manual control. Each task was performed 23 times (6 preflight, 13 inflight, 4 postflight sessions). By means of single-subject statistics inflight performance was compared with baseline performance during pre- and postflight sessions. In accordance with the few previous performance studies conducted during space flights, speed and accuracy of short-term memory retrieval and logical reasoning functions remained unimpaired during the stay in space. However, clear decrements in tracking performance were found, showing to increased difficulties in fine manual control. These results suggest that performance decrements in space may arise primarily in psychomotor functions due to alterations requiring an effortful accommodation of motor skills which had been acquired under 1-g conditions to the new conditions of microgravity.
... Martin Reichl, Robert Dünger, Alexander Schiewe, Thomas Klemmer, Markus Hartleb, Christopher ... more ... Martin Reichl, Robert Dünger, Alexander Schiewe, Thomas Klemmer, Markus Hartleb, Christopher Lux, and Bernd Fröhlich Faculty of Media Bauhaus-Universität Weimar Bauhausstr. 11, D-99423 Weimar, Germany email: [email protected]. ...
This paper presents the design and implementation of a GPU-based ray tracing system for dynamic s... more This paper presents the design and implementation of a GPU-based ray tracing system for dynamic scenes consisting of a set of individual, non-deformable objects. The triangles of each object are organized in a separate Kd-tree. A bounding volume hierarchy (BVH) is built on top of these Kd-trees. The BVH is updated and uploaded into GPU memory on a frame-by-frame basis, whereas the Kd-trees are uploaded only once. We use a single ray tracing kernel for handling all ray generations. Code execution path divergence is limited by the use of a ray stack, which treats all ray types in the same way. We make effective use of the very limited high bandwidth memory of the GPU's multiprocessors by using a smart stack for the acceleration structure traversals. The results show that our GPU implementation of a two-level acceleration approach performs between 40 and 105 percent as fast as a single Kd-tree containing the entire scene.
2007 6th IEEE and ACM International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, 2007
: Basic object manipulation techniques such as translation (a) and rotation (b) are illustrated i... more : Basic object manipulation techniques such as translation (a) and rotation (b) are illustrated in long exposure photographs. Augmentation can be projector-based (a-c) or via video-see-through (d). These application examples show basic augmentations of building structures (a,b,d), distance measurements (c) and material-color simulations (c). They are described in more detail in section 7.2.
Summary For the management or reorganisation of existing buildings, data concerning dimensions an... more Summary For the management or reorganisation of existing buildings, data concerning dimensions and construction are necessary. Often these data are given exclusively by paper-based drawings and no digital data such as a computer based product model or even a CAD-model are ...
Mehr als 60% aller Flugunfälle in der kommerziellen Jet-Fliegerei sind auf ein Fehlverhalten der ... more Mehr als 60% aller Flugunfälle in der kommerziellen Jet-Fliegerei sind auf ein Fehlverhalten der Flugbesatzungen zurckzuführen. Trotz der Arbeit im Multi Crew Cockpit wird die damit verbundene Redundanz häufig nicht angemessen zur Leistungssteigerung eingesetzt. Als Schwerpunkte menschbedingter Unfälle lassen sich Mängel im Informationsaustausch, in der zwischenmenschlichen Interaktion, im Entscheidungsverhalten und in der psychischen Belastbarkeit erkennen. In Crew Resource Management Trainings wird deshalb das Verhalten in den Bereichen Kommunikation, Führungs- und Teamverhalten, Urteilen und Entscheiden sowie Streßewältigung gefördert. Die vorliegende Arbeit gibt einen Überblick über existierende Trainingsmodelle und -methoden und spricht Empfehlungen für deren Optimierung aus. In einem gesonderten Kapitel wird die Übertragbarkeit der für das Cockpitpersonal entwickelten Konzepte auf die Flugsicherung diskutiert. Besonderheiten dieses Bereichs werden herausgestellt.
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