Benzene metabolites (HQ and BQ) are toxic compounds and their presence in human cause alteration ... more Benzene metabolites (HQ and BQ) are toxic compounds and their presence in human cause alteration in cellular respiration and kidney damage. In the current study, Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been used as a model organism and acute exposure of hydroquinone (HQ) decreased cell growth and increased reactive oxygen species (ROS). The expression of apoptosis regulatory genes (YCA1, NUC1, YSP1 and AIF1) were increased with HQ exposure in the wild-type cells. HQ exposure in the wild-type cells altered both the phospholipid and neutral lipid levels. Phosphatidylcholine is a vital membrane lipid that has a vital role in membrane biogenesis and was increased significantly with HQ. The neutral lipid results were supported with lipid droplets data and mRNA expression study. The phospholipid knockouts (Kennedy pathway) accumulated neutral lipids via the CDP-DAG (cytidine-diphosphate-diacylglycerol) pathway genes both in the presence and absence of HQ.
Competition Commission of India Journal on Competition Law and Policy, 2020
With the entry of e-commerce, the traditional way in which business was conducted in a marketplac... more With the entry of e-commerce, the traditional way in which business was conducted in a marketplace has changed considerably. Although, e-commerce offers a multitude of pro-competitive benefits, yet it is vulnerable to anti-competitive practices owing primarily to its characteristic features such as strong network effects, high innovation rates, fast-changing technologies, etc. In this paper, we review antitrust cases against e-commerce platforms in goods category, in light of the fast-moving nature of online businesses and the importance of timeliness in completion of investigation. We have adopted a doctrinal research methodology in this paper. Based on the findings, we suggest that as per the dynamic situation of markets, it is imperative that a time-bound investigation may be completed so that the true picture comes out. We recommend a holistic investigation by the Director General in such cases and the use of negotiated remedies in the form of settlements and commitments.
Sustainable Agriculture, Forest and Environmental Management, 2019
Radioactive substances have their origin since the inception of earth. The warming of earth surfa... more Radioactive substances have their origin since the inception of earth. The warming of earth surface still takes place through radioactive disintegration of radionuclides (Rn). Rn may often pose danger to human civilization due to their environmental fate. Proper knowledge regarding the origin, distribution, exposure and impact of radioactive substances has become the need of the hour in the form of radioecology. Among the 340 atoms of different naturally occurring nuclides, 70 species are radioactive substances. These substances are found throughout the environment including the human body. Human and other living organisms are often exposed to various levels of Rn through background concentration as well as through artificial radioactivity. It was observed that the growth of science and technology has made living organisms more vulnerable towards environmental radioactivity. Various historic events have taken place which created the urgency to have knowledge in radioecology. After t...
Mechanical properties of cells such as stiffness can act as biomarkers to sort or detect cell fun... more Mechanical properties of cells such as stiffness can act as biomarkers to sort or detect cell functional properties such as viability. In this study, we report the use of a microfluidic device as a high-sensitivity sensor that transduces cell biomechanics to cell separation to accurately detect viability. Cell populations are flowed and deflected at a number of skew ridges such that deflection per ridge, cell-ridge interaction time, and cell size can all be used as sensor inputs to accurately determine the cell state. The angle of the ridges was evaluated to optimize the differences in cell translation between viable and nonviable cells while allowing continuous flow. In the first mode of operation, we flowed viable and nonviable cells through the device and conducted a sensitivity analysis by recording the cell's total deflection as a binary classifier that differentiates viable from nonviable cells. The performance of the sensor was assessed using an area under the curve (AUC) analysis to be 0.97. By including additional sensor inputs in the second mode of operation, we conducted a principal component analysis (PCA) to further improve the identification of the cell state by clustering populations with little overlap between viable and nonviable cells. We therefore found that microfluidic separation devices can be used to efficiently sort cells and accurately sense viability in a label-free manner.
First International Meeting for Applied Geoscience & Energy Expanded Abstracts, 2021
This case study encompasses the complete reprocessing and reimaging of a 3D narrow-azimuth surfac... more This case study encompasses the complete reprocessing and reimaging of a 3D narrow-azimuth surface-seismic acquisition from offshore Nova Scotia. Increasingly, reprocessing of existing vintages is the economic alternative chosen to acquiring new data. For the Barrington project, legacy seismic acquired in 2001 was revitalized with contemporary processing strategies, thus reducing random and coherent noise, broadening the bandwidth of the data, and robustly interpolating to a denser spatial sampling. Imaging was likewise upgraded from the legacy isotropic Kirchhoff time migration to a full TTI Kirchhoff prestack depth image. The earth model associated with the imaging incorporated regional trends and small-scale features derived through several iterations of tomographic inversion leveraging geologic structure guided solution shaping, as well as manual salt interpretation for diapirs present in the south. Improved structural imaging, gas and salt body definition, and realistic model complexity helped to provide a superior migrated image, even in the absence of constraining well data in this frontier basin.
Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance, 2020
Cruciform flat specimen is mostly used to investigate experimentally the in-plane biaxial mechani... more Cruciform flat specimen is mostly used to investigate experimentally the in-plane biaxial mechanical behavior of sheet metals. In this study, a modified cruciform specimen design is proposed and validated against the performance of current standard design. The existing standard cruciform specimen prepared through laser cutting for sheet metal can accurately provide biaxial stress-strain curve through biaxial tensile test by ensuring superior homogeneous stress and strain field in gauge section. However, preparation of such specimen using laser cut is cumbersome, expensive and prone to errors. The current standard cruciform specimen design features slotted arm of fixed length and width with specific gauge. Few other designs also feature reduced gauge section to localize failure. Both need high precision of laser cutting and machining to prepare specimens which can achieve biaxial stress-strain curve for more than 4% equivalent plastic strain level. The proposed specimen design features running slits in all four arms of specimen with uniform gauge section machined using electrical discharge machining (EDM) owing to higher accuracy and minimum heat-affected zone (HAZ). This technique also avoids machining effects with an understanding that proposed specimen design is to determine the yield behavior of material only. Also, specimen fabricated from as received sheets and without any thickness reduction in gauge area allows the user to keep full thickness in biaxial condition. The modified design qualifies the commonly accepted performance criteria for cruciform specimen, i.e., stress and strain distribution in the gauge section is found to be homogeneous and the biaxial stress-strain curve can be generated until 4% of equivalent plastic strain. The proposed specimen design is evaluated experimentally by conducting biaxial test at various stress ratios, and it is compared with alike experiments using standard specimen design. One automotive grade material, interstitial-Free high-strength (IFHS) steel sheet of thickness 0.70 mm is tested in this study to validate the specimen design.
Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research, 2020
Objective: The current research work has been carried out with the aim to develop a transdermal g... more Objective: The current research work has been carried out with the aim to develop a transdermal gel formulation of fenoprofen (a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug used to treat pain associated in arthritis) which would overcome the gastrointestinal-related problems associated with oral administration of the drug. The present study aims at formulating transdermal gels using different concentrations of Carbopol, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC), sodium alginate, and guar gum. Methods: The formulated gels were subjected for various evaluation tests such as clarity, homogeneity, viscosity, drug content, pH, spreadability, and in vitro permeation studies. Drug–polymer interaction was studied by Fourier transmission infrared (FTIR) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The in vitro permeation studies were performed in phosphate buffer 7.4 using Franz diffusion cell. Results: The FT-IR and DSC studies showed no chemical interaction between drug and polymers used. All the formu...
Fire is one of the most destructive threats faced by our forests. Fire is good servant but a bad ... more Fire is one of the most destructive threats faced by our forests. Fire is good servant but a bad master. The fire season starts in March/April continues up to June. Wildfires destroy not only flora (tree, herbs, grassland, forbs, etc.) and their diversity but also considerable long term negative impact on fauna including wild endangered species. Repeated fires can convert some shrub-lands to grass and fire exclusion converts some grassland to shrub-land and forest. Fires affect animals mainly through effects on their habitat. The extent of fire effects on animal communities generally depends on the extent of change in habitat structure and species composition caused by fire. Fire can also influence a physico-chemical property of soil including texture, color, bulk density, pH, porosity, organic matter, nutrient availability and soil biota. Drought, disease, insect infestation, overgrazing or a combination of these factors mayincrease the impact of fire on an individual plant species...
International Journal of Public Health Science (IJPHS), 2018
The current study was designed to identify the morbidity pattern of outpatients attending Urban H... more The current study was designed to identify the morbidity pattern of outpatients attending Urban Health Training Centre in an urban area of a medical college in Srinagar, Pauri Garhwal district, Uttarakhand, North India. The present study record-based retrospective study was conducted among the outpatients attending the regular clinic at the Urban Health Training Centre, of a medical college in Srinagar city of Uttarakhand State of North India during the study period of one year in 2014. Data was retrieved from the OPD registers maintained at the clinic. Data was collected pertaining to socio-demographic profile, morbidity details and treatment pattern. Diseases were identified using the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10) code. Descriptive analysis was done. During the study period, a total of 9343 subjects attended the OPD. Among them, majority of them (60%) were females. More than half (56 %) belonged to the age group of 35-65 year age-group. The association of disease classification was found to be statistically significant with respect to gender. The leading morbidity of communicable disease was found to be certain infectious and parasitic diseases especially Typhoid whereas musculoskeletal system and connective tissue disorders were the most common cause among morbidity due to NCDs. Out of all, typhoid was found to cause maximum of morbidity among the subjects. The present study highlights the morbidity pattern of communicable and NCDs among the population of hilly areas of Garhwal, Uttarakhand India. Priority should be preferred for the regular tracking of diseases in terms of preventive and promotive aspects. Morbidity in the outdoor clinics reflects the emerging trend of mixed disease spectrum burden comprising communicable and non-communicable diseases.
The present work focuses on improving our understanding of interactions of as-produced iron speci... more The present work focuses on improving our understanding of interactions of as-produced iron species, from thermal decomposition of iron pentacarbonyl during combustion, and major gaseous emissions from a methane/ air counter-flow laminar flame. Numerical simulation explores underlying issues which are, otherwise, difficult to analyze by experimental means. Sensitivity analysis is carried out to investigate the influence of input parameters such as iron pentacarbonyl concentration and fuel fraction on emissions. Results demonstrate a proportional decline in most C 2 H x , commonly accepted soot precursors, and NO species with increasing the concentration of Fe(CO) 5. The decline in NO and C 2 H 2 emissions is found to be more promising with increasing the fuel fraction. Beyond a certain threshold of the fuel fraction, however, the radical pool in the flame sufficiently overwhelms the additionally radical scavenging of iron species and consequently the emission reduction declines. In addition, a high flame temperature results in activation of new iron pathways which lead to a greater emission reduction.
International Journal of Advanced Engineering Research and Science, 2016
In present study solar air heater duct performance is enhanced using perforated plate structure i... more In present study solar air heater duct performance is enhanced using perforated plate structure in it. In this study, simple rectangular array design is investigated experimentally and compared with simple solar air heater duct. Design is installed in two parallel installation combinations. Experimental setup has been fabricated to investigate the effects. Effect on Heat transfer has been investigated for 4 different mass flow rates. Arrangement has been tested for Mass Flow Rates of 0.05, 0.065, 0.08 and 0.095(all in kg/s) It was found that due to Presence of Perforated Plates, heat transfer enhanced up to 3.3 times in comparison to smooth ducts.
Background: We investigated the effect of iron deficiency anemia (IDA) on levels of glycated hemo... more Background: We investigated the effect of iron deficiency anemia (IDA) on levels of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and to compare its levels before and after iron supplementations. Methods: Age and sex matched subjects were enrolled and clustered in 2 groups: IDA (n=62) and healthy controls (HC; n=60). HbA1c levels were estimated by HPLC. Hemogram were estimated by hematology analyser. Serum ferritin (ELISA) and other parameters of iron profile were measured by standard guidelines of ICSH. HbA1c values and iron studies were repeated after 3 months of iron supplementation to determine the effect of iron therapy on HbA1c levels. Results: Significantly higher HbA1c levels were observed in IDA subjects compared to HC (5.51 ± 0.696 v/s 4.85 ± 0.461 %, p < 0.001). A significant negative correlation was observed between HbA1c and hemoglobin, hematocrit, RBC count, MCH, MCHC and serum ferritin in IDA subjects (r=-0.632,-0.652,-0.384,-0.236,-0.192 and-0.441). Significant decline was noticed in HbA1c levels in IDA subjects after iron supplementation (5.51 ± 0.696 before treatment v/s 5.044 ± 0.603 posttreatment; p< 0.001). Post treatment, 70% subjects (14/20) with HbA1c in prediabetes range normalised to normal glucose tolerance (NGT) range and out of 6 patients with pre-treatment HbA1c in diabetes range, 5 reverted to pre-diabetes range while 1 of them reverted to the NGT range. Conclusions: Caution must be exercised in interpreting the results of HbA1c in patients of IDA and iron deficiency must be corrected before diagnosing diabetes and pre-diabetes solely on the basis of HbA1c criteria.
Benzene metabolites (HQ and BQ) are toxic compounds and their presence in human cause alteration ... more Benzene metabolites (HQ and BQ) are toxic compounds and their presence in human cause alteration in cellular respiration and kidney damage. In the current study, Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been used as a model organism and acute exposure of hydroquinone (HQ) decreased cell growth and increased reactive oxygen species (ROS). The expression of apoptosis regulatory genes (YCA1, NUC1, YSP1 and AIF1) were increased with HQ exposure in the wild-type cells. HQ exposure in the wild-type cells altered both the phospholipid and neutral lipid levels. Phosphatidylcholine is a vital membrane lipid that has a vital role in membrane biogenesis and was increased significantly with HQ. The neutral lipid results were supported with lipid droplets data and mRNA expression study. The phospholipid knockouts (Kennedy pathway) accumulated neutral lipids via the CDP-DAG (cytidine-diphosphate-diacylglycerol) pathway genes both in the presence and absence of HQ.
Competition Commission of India Journal on Competition Law and Policy, 2020
With the entry of e-commerce, the traditional way in which business was conducted in a marketplac... more With the entry of e-commerce, the traditional way in which business was conducted in a marketplace has changed considerably. Although, e-commerce offers a multitude of pro-competitive benefits, yet it is vulnerable to anti-competitive practices owing primarily to its characteristic features such as strong network effects, high innovation rates, fast-changing technologies, etc. In this paper, we review antitrust cases against e-commerce platforms in goods category, in light of the fast-moving nature of online businesses and the importance of timeliness in completion of investigation. We have adopted a doctrinal research methodology in this paper. Based on the findings, we suggest that as per the dynamic situation of markets, it is imperative that a time-bound investigation may be completed so that the true picture comes out. We recommend a holistic investigation by the Director General in such cases and the use of negotiated remedies in the form of settlements and commitments.
Sustainable Agriculture, Forest and Environmental Management, 2019
Radioactive substances have their origin since the inception of earth. The warming of earth surfa... more Radioactive substances have their origin since the inception of earth. The warming of earth surface still takes place through radioactive disintegration of radionuclides (Rn). Rn may often pose danger to human civilization due to their environmental fate. Proper knowledge regarding the origin, distribution, exposure and impact of radioactive substances has become the need of the hour in the form of radioecology. Among the 340 atoms of different naturally occurring nuclides, 70 species are radioactive substances. These substances are found throughout the environment including the human body. Human and other living organisms are often exposed to various levels of Rn through background concentration as well as through artificial radioactivity. It was observed that the growth of science and technology has made living organisms more vulnerable towards environmental radioactivity. Various historic events have taken place which created the urgency to have knowledge in radioecology. After t...
Mechanical properties of cells such as stiffness can act as biomarkers to sort or detect cell fun... more Mechanical properties of cells such as stiffness can act as biomarkers to sort or detect cell functional properties such as viability. In this study, we report the use of a microfluidic device as a high-sensitivity sensor that transduces cell biomechanics to cell separation to accurately detect viability. Cell populations are flowed and deflected at a number of skew ridges such that deflection per ridge, cell-ridge interaction time, and cell size can all be used as sensor inputs to accurately determine the cell state. The angle of the ridges was evaluated to optimize the differences in cell translation between viable and nonviable cells while allowing continuous flow. In the first mode of operation, we flowed viable and nonviable cells through the device and conducted a sensitivity analysis by recording the cell's total deflection as a binary classifier that differentiates viable from nonviable cells. The performance of the sensor was assessed using an area under the curve (AUC) analysis to be 0.97. By including additional sensor inputs in the second mode of operation, we conducted a principal component analysis (PCA) to further improve the identification of the cell state by clustering populations with little overlap between viable and nonviable cells. We therefore found that microfluidic separation devices can be used to efficiently sort cells and accurately sense viability in a label-free manner.
First International Meeting for Applied Geoscience & Energy Expanded Abstracts, 2021
This case study encompasses the complete reprocessing and reimaging of a 3D narrow-azimuth surfac... more This case study encompasses the complete reprocessing and reimaging of a 3D narrow-azimuth surface-seismic acquisition from offshore Nova Scotia. Increasingly, reprocessing of existing vintages is the economic alternative chosen to acquiring new data. For the Barrington project, legacy seismic acquired in 2001 was revitalized with contemporary processing strategies, thus reducing random and coherent noise, broadening the bandwidth of the data, and robustly interpolating to a denser spatial sampling. Imaging was likewise upgraded from the legacy isotropic Kirchhoff time migration to a full TTI Kirchhoff prestack depth image. The earth model associated with the imaging incorporated regional trends and small-scale features derived through several iterations of tomographic inversion leveraging geologic structure guided solution shaping, as well as manual salt interpretation for diapirs present in the south. Improved structural imaging, gas and salt body definition, and realistic model complexity helped to provide a superior migrated image, even in the absence of constraining well data in this frontier basin.
Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance, 2020
Cruciform flat specimen is mostly used to investigate experimentally the in-plane biaxial mechani... more Cruciform flat specimen is mostly used to investigate experimentally the in-plane biaxial mechanical behavior of sheet metals. In this study, a modified cruciform specimen design is proposed and validated against the performance of current standard design. The existing standard cruciform specimen prepared through laser cutting for sheet metal can accurately provide biaxial stress-strain curve through biaxial tensile test by ensuring superior homogeneous stress and strain field in gauge section. However, preparation of such specimen using laser cut is cumbersome, expensive and prone to errors. The current standard cruciform specimen design features slotted arm of fixed length and width with specific gauge. Few other designs also feature reduced gauge section to localize failure. Both need high precision of laser cutting and machining to prepare specimens which can achieve biaxial stress-strain curve for more than 4% equivalent plastic strain level. The proposed specimen design features running slits in all four arms of specimen with uniform gauge section machined using electrical discharge machining (EDM) owing to higher accuracy and minimum heat-affected zone (HAZ). This technique also avoids machining effects with an understanding that proposed specimen design is to determine the yield behavior of material only. Also, specimen fabricated from as received sheets and without any thickness reduction in gauge area allows the user to keep full thickness in biaxial condition. The modified design qualifies the commonly accepted performance criteria for cruciform specimen, i.e., stress and strain distribution in the gauge section is found to be homogeneous and the biaxial stress-strain curve can be generated until 4% of equivalent plastic strain. The proposed specimen design is evaluated experimentally by conducting biaxial test at various stress ratios, and it is compared with alike experiments using standard specimen design. One automotive grade material, interstitial-Free high-strength (IFHS) steel sheet of thickness 0.70 mm is tested in this study to validate the specimen design.
Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research, 2020
Objective: The current research work has been carried out with the aim to develop a transdermal g... more Objective: The current research work has been carried out with the aim to develop a transdermal gel formulation of fenoprofen (a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug used to treat pain associated in arthritis) which would overcome the gastrointestinal-related problems associated with oral administration of the drug. The present study aims at formulating transdermal gels using different concentrations of Carbopol, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC), sodium alginate, and guar gum. Methods: The formulated gels were subjected for various evaluation tests such as clarity, homogeneity, viscosity, drug content, pH, spreadability, and in vitro permeation studies. Drug–polymer interaction was studied by Fourier transmission infrared (FTIR) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The in vitro permeation studies were performed in phosphate buffer 7.4 using Franz diffusion cell. Results: The FT-IR and DSC studies showed no chemical interaction between drug and polymers used. All the formu...
Fire is one of the most destructive threats faced by our forests. Fire is good servant but a bad ... more Fire is one of the most destructive threats faced by our forests. Fire is good servant but a bad master. The fire season starts in March/April continues up to June. Wildfires destroy not only flora (tree, herbs, grassland, forbs, etc.) and their diversity but also considerable long term negative impact on fauna including wild endangered species. Repeated fires can convert some shrub-lands to grass and fire exclusion converts some grassland to shrub-land and forest. Fires affect animals mainly through effects on their habitat. The extent of fire effects on animal communities generally depends on the extent of change in habitat structure and species composition caused by fire. Fire can also influence a physico-chemical property of soil including texture, color, bulk density, pH, porosity, organic matter, nutrient availability and soil biota. Drought, disease, insect infestation, overgrazing or a combination of these factors mayincrease the impact of fire on an individual plant species...
International Journal of Public Health Science (IJPHS), 2018
The current study was designed to identify the morbidity pattern of outpatients attending Urban H... more The current study was designed to identify the morbidity pattern of outpatients attending Urban Health Training Centre in an urban area of a medical college in Srinagar, Pauri Garhwal district, Uttarakhand, North India. The present study record-based retrospective study was conducted among the outpatients attending the regular clinic at the Urban Health Training Centre, of a medical college in Srinagar city of Uttarakhand State of North India during the study period of one year in 2014. Data was retrieved from the OPD registers maintained at the clinic. Data was collected pertaining to socio-demographic profile, morbidity details and treatment pattern. Diseases were identified using the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10) code. Descriptive analysis was done. During the study period, a total of 9343 subjects attended the OPD. Among them, majority of them (60%) were females. More than half (56 %) belonged to the age group of 35-65 year age-group. The association of disease classification was found to be statistically significant with respect to gender. The leading morbidity of communicable disease was found to be certain infectious and parasitic diseases especially Typhoid whereas musculoskeletal system and connective tissue disorders were the most common cause among morbidity due to NCDs. Out of all, typhoid was found to cause maximum of morbidity among the subjects. The present study highlights the morbidity pattern of communicable and NCDs among the population of hilly areas of Garhwal, Uttarakhand India. Priority should be preferred for the regular tracking of diseases in terms of preventive and promotive aspects. Morbidity in the outdoor clinics reflects the emerging trend of mixed disease spectrum burden comprising communicable and non-communicable diseases.
The present work focuses on improving our understanding of interactions of as-produced iron speci... more The present work focuses on improving our understanding of interactions of as-produced iron species, from thermal decomposition of iron pentacarbonyl during combustion, and major gaseous emissions from a methane/ air counter-flow laminar flame. Numerical simulation explores underlying issues which are, otherwise, difficult to analyze by experimental means. Sensitivity analysis is carried out to investigate the influence of input parameters such as iron pentacarbonyl concentration and fuel fraction on emissions. Results demonstrate a proportional decline in most C 2 H x , commonly accepted soot precursors, and NO species with increasing the concentration of Fe(CO) 5. The decline in NO and C 2 H 2 emissions is found to be more promising with increasing the fuel fraction. Beyond a certain threshold of the fuel fraction, however, the radical pool in the flame sufficiently overwhelms the additionally radical scavenging of iron species and consequently the emission reduction declines. In addition, a high flame temperature results in activation of new iron pathways which lead to a greater emission reduction.
International Journal of Advanced Engineering Research and Science, 2016
In present study solar air heater duct performance is enhanced using perforated plate structure i... more In present study solar air heater duct performance is enhanced using perforated plate structure in it. In this study, simple rectangular array design is investigated experimentally and compared with simple solar air heater duct. Design is installed in two parallel installation combinations. Experimental setup has been fabricated to investigate the effects. Effect on Heat transfer has been investigated for 4 different mass flow rates. Arrangement has been tested for Mass Flow Rates of 0.05, 0.065, 0.08 and 0.095(all in kg/s) It was found that due to Presence of Perforated Plates, heat transfer enhanced up to 3.3 times in comparison to smooth ducts.
Background: We investigated the effect of iron deficiency anemia (IDA) on levels of glycated hemo... more Background: We investigated the effect of iron deficiency anemia (IDA) on levels of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and to compare its levels before and after iron supplementations. Methods: Age and sex matched subjects were enrolled and clustered in 2 groups: IDA (n=62) and healthy controls (HC; n=60). HbA1c levels were estimated by HPLC. Hemogram were estimated by hematology analyser. Serum ferritin (ELISA) and other parameters of iron profile were measured by standard guidelines of ICSH. HbA1c values and iron studies were repeated after 3 months of iron supplementation to determine the effect of iron therapy on HbA1c levels. Results: Significantly higher HbA1c levels were observed in IDA subjects compared to HC (5.51 ± 0.696 v/s 4.85 ± 0.461 %, p < 0.001). A significant negative correlation was observed between HbA1c and hemoglobin, hematocrit, RBC count, MCH, MCHC and serum ferritin in IDA subjects (r=-0.632,-0.652,-0.384,-0.236,-0.192 and-0.441). Significant decline was noticed in HbA1c levels in IDA subjects after iron supplementation (5.51 ± 0.696 before treatment v/s 5.044 ± 0.603 posttreatment; p< 0.001). Post treatment, 70% subjects (14/20) with HbA1c in prediabetes range normalised to normal glucose tolerance (NGT) range and out of 6 patients with pre-treatment HbA1c in diabetes range, 5 reverted to pre-diabetes range while 1 of them reverted to the NGT range. Conclusions: Caution must be exercised in interpreting the results of HbA1c in patients of IDA and iron deficiency must be corrected before diagnosing diabetes and pre-diabetes solely on the basis of HbA1c criteria.
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