Wonkyu Shin

국제지역연구, Dec 1, 2015

신보호주의 하 무역구제 활용방안 연구

Korean Society of International Economic Law, Jul 1, 2019

Firms Responsive Behaviours in WTO Trade Disputes: Countervailing Cases on Korean DRAMs

Korea Trade Research Association, Apr 1, 2019

Journal of World Trade

How do decisions of the World Trade Organization (WTO) Dispute Settlement Body (DSB) relate to ec... more How do decisions of the World Trade Organization (WTO) Dispute Settlement Body (DSB) relate to economic/trade gains? This is an important question to consider when evaluating the efficacy of the WTO DSB. Although it may seem obvious that a successful dispute resolution through the DSB would remove trade barriers and increase trade, the ruling effects are not so straightforward, with recent empirical studies suggesting an unclear causality between the dispute resolutions and subsequent changes in trade. Using product and firm-level data, this article examines three WTO disputes over countervailing duties on Korean Dynamic Random Access Memory chips, which have raised similar legal issues but yielded different outcomes. By investigating the dynamics of firm behaviour over the course of disputes, our analysis sheds light on the difficulties of detecting changes in trade flows following rulings by the DSB. We conclude that cross-border trade flows are substantially affected by firm-and-...

Legality of R&D Subsidies and Its Policy Framework under the World Trading System

STI Policy review, Jun 1, 2013

Technology research and development (RD instead, what ultimately mattered was whether and specifi... more

Trade Development Partnership Between South Korea and the Developing Countries via Oda for the TBT SPS Related Issues of Agro Fisheries Food Goods

국제지역연구, Dec 1, 2015

Korea Trade Research Association, 2019

The export of agricultural, fisheries, and food products acts as an engine of growth for developi... more The export of agricultural, fisheries, and food products acts as an engine of growth for developing countries in particular. However, exporting these items is easier said than done since issues of certification and inspection, so-called technical barriers to trade (TBT) and sanitary and phytosanitary measures (SPS), in developed markets have worked as major obstacles for exports. This paper examines the institutional aspects and recent trends of South Korea&#39;s TBT/SPS-related cases against exporting firms of the developing countries. We suggest a win-win partnership model that can promote cooperative synergies between Korea and developing employing trade-related technical cooperation or ODA (Official Development Aid). Technical cooperation such as the provision of on-spot field consulting services on TBT/SPS-related issues for exporting firms and Korean OEM firms of developing countries can lead to mutual gains. This cooperative partnership can create gains from &quot;the trade-development nexus&quot; for both sides while promoting sustainable trade and investment relationships between Korea and developing countries.

Global Partnership on Technical Cooperation for Sustainable Development: The Case of Knowledge Services of the World Bank

Korea Association of International Development and Cooperation, 2021

This study aims to survey and systematically examine how the World Bank, which identified itself ... more This study aims to survey and systematically examine how the World Bank, which identified itself as a financial institution, expanded its role as the Global Knowledge Bank in the field of international development that has been evolved, in which technical assistance/cooperation (TA/TC) become ever more important in the post-COVID era. Previous studies on the World Bank&#39;s Knowledge Service have been conducted from the perspective of capacity development for one type of technical cooperation. This study examines the roles of the World Bank&#39;s Service, and it found that its related projects have been going beyond the roles and definition of conventional technical cooperation as a means of implementing the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The paper documents and reviews available publications and related official reports in the Bank for in-depth analysis. The authors visited and interviewed key persons inside the Bank to affirm research questions findings. We used additional data and archives inside the Bank to back up our arguments. Over the recent decades, the World Bank has led the discourses and conceptual development of TC programs globally, operating for better performance in global development projects. The knowledge service of the Bank has its unique features that three core programs consist of 1) Knowledge for external clients (ASA, Advisory Services and Analytics), 2) Knowledge for internal use, including knowledge management, and 3) Global public goods such as research outcomes and databases. It is known that South Korea has a comparative advantage in technical cooperation over development projects. However, the technical cooperation and so-called knowledge service management system in Korea lacks integration and institutionalization. The practices and initiatives in the Knowledge Service program and its management system of the World Bank would be timely references and benchmarks for improving South Korea&#39;s related programs.

Using multiple platforms for critical reagents selection process to support pharmacokinetic ligand-binding assay development

Bioanalysis

We have evaluated the utility of epitope binning on biolayer interferometry (BLI) as a strategy t... more We have evaluated the utility of epitope binning on biolayer interferometry (BLI) as a strategy to funnel the selection of candidate pairs suitable for pharmacokinetic assay development. Totally, 8 anti-Idiotypic monoclonal antibodies in 64 possible combinations were tested by BLI, ELISA and Gyrolab®. Two epitope binning approaches were utilized, in-tandem and classic sandwich. Both formats identified four mutually exclusive bins providing 31 and 25 possible antibody pair combinations, respectively. In contrast, the ELISA and Gyrolab yielded 18 and 9 positive pairs, respectively, with only a partial correlation to the BLI results. Several positive pairs by ELISA and Gyrolab, screened negative by BLI. Just over half of the pairs predicted by BLI were positive on ELISA and less than a quarter were positive on Gyrolab. This evaluation showed, in our case, that BLI was limited in its ability to predict candidate pairs that would be successful in pharmacokinetic method development.

Three Barriers to Structural Changes and Catch-up by the Latecomers

New Perspectives on Structural Change

This chapter discusses three barriers to structural change. The first barrier is that export grow... more This chapter discusses three barriers to structural change. The first barrier is that export growth cannot be sustained in those countries where wage rates are higher than labour productivity and wages increase more rapidly than productivity growth. The second barrier is the double resource curse and associated vicious cycles. This barrier derives from the effects of undervaluation on growth in mineral exporting sectors. Undervaluation reduces export earnings and increases the price of imports. The third barrier is about the negative impacts of IPR protection in the North on exports from the South, in particular in rapidly catching-up middle-income countries. The chapter uses regression analysis to test and confirm its propositions.

Governance Matters More than Development Constraints for Growth in Sub-Saharan African Countries

Korea Association of International Development and Cooperation

<br>The purpose of this study is to identify a series of development constraints for Sub-Sa... more <br>The purpose of this study is to identify a series of development constraints for Sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries and to revisit the importance of governance quality that offsets the negative impacts of development constraints on economic growth in SSA. Over the last decade, SSA countries have gained momentum through significant economic growth. Some countries in the region, however, still struggle to upgrade their industrial structures and suffer from unfavorable initial conditions and external shocks. This study sheds light on the development challenges, especially faced by SSA, and draws implications regarding the role of good governance. This study revisits the importance of the governance factor for economic growth in SSA. By systematically reviewing the literature to categorize development constraints into two groups, we identify variables or conditions are either exogenously or endogenously determined. Employing the Hausman-Taylor models and the Fixed Effects method, we found that SSA countries with better governance perform better in terms of economic growth, regardless of unfavorable development conditions. The results show that, regardless of various development constraints, governance quality remains critical to growth in SSA. Thus, for SSA countries to effectively overcome their development constraints, an effort to improve governance is highly recommended.

Financialization and industrial policies in Japan and Korea: Evolving institutional complementarities and loss of state capabilities

Structural Change and Economic Dynamics

Financiarisation et politiques industrielles au Japon et en Corée du Sud : Evolution des compléme... more Financiarisation et politiques industrielles au Japon et en Corée du Sud : Evolution des complémentarités institutionnelles et déclin des capacités de l'Etat Résumé Le but de cet article est d'analyser le renouveau des politiques industrielles depuis la fin des années 2000 au Japon et en Corée du Sud et ses limites. Notre approche a deux caractéristiques principales. Tout d'abord, nous adoptons la perspective de l'institutionnalisme historique pour nous concentrer sur la relation entre les politiques industrielles et les systèmes financiers en étudiant leur évolution depuis les quarante dernières années. Ensuite, en mobilisant les concepts de complémentarités et de hiérarchie institutionnelles, nous discutons les limites de ce renouveau dans un contexte de libéralisation des systèmes financiers, à laquelle les institutions gouvernementales en charge de la politique industrielle ont contribué. Notre principal résultat est que, dans le contexte de la financiarisation, les complémentarités passées de l'Etat développeur se sont affaiblies et des contradictions sont apparues. Cela a conduit à une restructuration des capacités de l'Etat pour concevoir et mettre en place des politiques industrielles et à l'incapacité de subordonner la finance à leurs objectifs, malgré les discours et les ambitions des gouvernements. Cependant, et c'est notre second résultat, la comparaison entre le Japon et la Corée du Sud nous permet d'identifier des différences significatives dans les arrangements institutionnels initiaux et dans le processus de changement institutionnel, qui sont analysés comme les sources d'une plus grande capacité de l'Etat en Corée qu'au Japon dans la période actuelle.

Do Different Implementing Partnerships Lead to Different Project Outcomes? Evidence from the World Bank Project-Level Evaluation Data

World Development, 2017

Since the adoption of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and Sustainable Development Goa... more Since the adoption of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) by the UN General Assembly in September 2015, interest in building effective development partnerships has grown in the both the international development discipline and practitioner community. Responding to this trend, many scholars and policy-makers highlight participatory development cooperation among state actors and non-state actors as a means of achieving comprehensive development goals. Despite this emphasis, however, only a handful of empirical studies have examined whether such partnerships have any meaningful relationship with project outcomes.

Analysis of Anti-dumping Use in Free Trade Agreements

World Scientific Studies in International Economics, 2016

Proliferating FTAs in recent years may have conflicting effects on antidumping uses among FTA par... more Proliferating FTAs in recent years may have conflicting effects on antidumping uses among FTA parties. On the one hand, an FTA may increase a country"s anti-dumping activities to protect its domestic industries from the increased import flows from other parties. On the other hand, an FTA supposedly helps reduce the use of anti-dumping measures to accomplish the purpose of free trade. Which effects prevail can shed important lights on the question of whether an FTA can be a stumbling block or a building block. This paper examines the effects of FTAs on anti-dumping activities based on comprehensive empirical analysis. Using longitudinal data of major anti-dumping user countries from 1995 to 2009, we found that there is clearly an inverse relationship between an FTA and antidumping activities. This finding represents the user"s tendency to trigger less anti-dumping filings against FTA membership, regardless of facing more imports from FTA partners. The paper also captured dynamic FTA effects based on a series of distribution of time dummies. The estimation results from the dynamic model show that the FTA enactment year clearly has significant effect, suggesting substantial reduction of anti-dumping investigations in that year.

When an Importer's Protection of IPR Interacts with an Exporter's Level of Technology: Comparing the Impacts on the Exports of the North and South

The World Economy, 2015

Digital Transformation and Changes of Global Economic Environment

11:33

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02:53

Different Development Partnership Leads to Different Outcomes

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13:26

The Rise of the New Cold War: Transformation Process of Global Value Chains through the Technology-Security-Value Nexus

3 views

ODA Management System of Korea’s Key Aid Recipient Countries: Case Studies of Lao PDR, Indonesia and Vietnam

국제지역연구, Dec 1, 2015

신보호주의 하 무역구제 활용방안 연구

Korean Society of International Economic Law, Jul 1, 2019

Firms Responsive Behaviours in WTO Trade Disputes: Countervailing Cases on Korean DRAMs

Korea Trade Research Association, Apr 1, 2019

Journal of World Trade

Legality of R&D Subsidies and Its Policy Framework under the World Trading System

STI Policy review, Jun 1, 2013

Technology research and development (RD instead, what ultimately mattered was whether and specifi... more

Trade Development Partnership Between South Korea and the Developing Countries via Oda for the TBT SPS Related Issues of Agro Fisheries Food Goods

국제지역연구, Dec 1, 2015

Korea Trade Research Association, 2019

Global Partnership on Technical Cooperation for Sustainable Development: The Case of Knowledge Services of the World Bank

Korea Association of International Development and Cooperation, 2021

Using multiple platforms for critical reagents selection process to support pharmacokinetic ligand-binding assay development

Bioanalysis

Three Barriers to Structural Changes and Catch-up by the Latecomers

New Perspectives on Structural Change

Governance Matters More than Development Constraints for Growth in Sub-Saharan African Countries

Korea Association of International Development and Cooperation

Financialization and industrial policies in Japan and Korea: Evolving institutional complementarities and loss of state capabilities

Structural Change and Economic Dynamics

Do Different Implementing Partnerships Lead to Different Project Outcomes? Evidence from the World Bank Project-Level Evaluation Data

World Development, 2017

Analysis of Anti-dumping Use in Free Trade Agreements

World Scientific Studies in International Economics, 2016

When an Importer's Protection of IPR Interacts with an Exporter's Level of Technology: Comparing the Impacts on the Exports of the North and South

The World Economy, 2015

Trade Gains from Legal Rulings in the WTO Dispute Settlement System

World Trade Review

Using bilateral trade data on WTO disputes from 1995 to 2010 within the framework of multilateral... more Using bilateral trade data on WTO disputes from 1995 to 2010 within the framework of multilateral trade, this paper empirically investigates whether legally winning a WTO dispute leads to actual trade gains. This study helps to illuminate the efficacy of the WTO dispute settlement system and to understand the role of the system as an institutional device for promoting multilateral trade liberalization. Assessing differential effects of the WTO dispute settlement rulings and the legal status of participants, this paper examines how trade gains are created and distributed among WTO members. Our empirical findings suggest that winning a legal dispute contributes to multilateral trade liberalization, not merely by rectifying trade problems for prevailing complainants but more so by providing better market access for all WTO members. This result reaffirms that the WTO dispute settlement system fulfills its purpose as a regulatory instrument for promoting multilateralism and market compet...

Global Partnership on Technical Cooperation for Sustainable Development: The Case of Knowledge Services of the World Bank

by Wonkyu Shin and Gyuchan Lee

This study aims to survey and systematically examine how the World Bank, which identified itself ... more This study aims to survey and systematically examine how the World Bank, which identified itself as a financial institution, expanded its role as the Global Knowledge Bank in the field of international development
that has been evolved, in which technical assistance/cooperation (TA/TC) become ever more important in the post-COVID era.
Previous studies on the World Bank's Knowledge Service have been conducted from the perspective of capacity development for one type of technical cooperation. This study examines the roles of the World Bank's Service, and it found that its related projects have been going beyond the roles and definition of conventional technical cooperation as a means of implementing the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).
The paper documents and reviews available publications and related official reports in the Bank for in-depth analysis. The authors visited and interviewed key persons inside the Bank to affirm research questions
findings. We used additional data and archives inside the Bank to back up our arguments.
Over the recent decades, the World Bank has led the discourses and conceptual development of TC programs globally, operating for better performance in global development projects. The knowledge service of the Bank has its unique features that three core programs consist of 1) Knowledge for external clients (ASA, Advisory Services and Analytics), 2) Knowledge for internal use, including knowledge management, and 3) Global public goods such as research outcomes and databases.
It is known that South Korea has a comparative advantage in technical cooperation over development projects. However, the technical cooperation and so-called knowledge service management system
in Korea lacks integration and institutionalization. The practices and initiatives in the Knowledge Service program and its management system of the World Bank would be timely references and benchmarks for improving South Korea's related programs.

Openness and Diversification of Foreign Direct Investment for Export Stability Under the Global Economic Crisis: Case Study of OECD Countries

International Finance eJournal, 2011

In an integrated world, no country is free from a possible downturn in business cycles, which ent... more In an integrated world, no country is free from a possible downturn in business cycles, which entails fluctuations of export growth. However, FDI seems to stabilize exports during the crisis while reaping its own benefits in all times. With recent data from OECD countries, our new approach regarding FDI openness and diversification is introduced to draw some important policy implications for stability in export growth, and thus to economy. First, an economy more open to FDI is stronger against an external shock to exports. Openness in both inward and outward FDI makes exports less volatile during the hardest-hit times of recession. Second, along with the FDI openness, when geographical source of inward FDI and destination of outward FDI are diversified, it can also work as a buffer to an external shock.

Financialization and industrial policies in Japan and Korea: Evolving complementarities and loss of institutional capabilities

by Pauline Debanes and Wonkyu Shin

The purpose of this article is to analyze the revival of industrial policies from the late 2000s ... more The purpose of this article is to analyze the revival of industrial policies from the late 2000s in Japan
and Korea and their limitations. Our approach has two major characteristics. First, we adopt the
perspective of historical institutionalism to focus on the relation between IPs and financial systems and
study their evolution over the last 40 years. Second, by mobilizing the concepts of institutional
complementarities and hierarchy, we discuss the limits of this revival in a context of liberalized
financial systems, to which IPs have contributed. Our major result is that, in the context of
financialization, past complementarities of the developmental state have weakened and contradictions
have arisen. It resulted in a restructuration of state capabilities to design and implement IPs, and to its
inability to subordinate finance to its goals, despite the discourses and ambitions of governments.
However, and this is our second result, comparison between Japan and Korea also allows us to identify
some significant differences that may explain diverging trends in terms of the deindustrialization and
internationalization of these two economies.

Three Barriers to Structural Changes and Catch-up by the Latecomers

by Shanika Ramanayake and Wonkyu Shin

New Perspectives on Structural Change Causes and Consequences of Structural Change in the Global Economy, 2021

for investment in new sectors. Exports are also important due to their productivity-enhancing eff... more for investment in new sectors. Exports are also important due to their productivity-enhancing effects through learning by exporting, which has been confirmed in many studies (Reinhardt 2000; Jung & Lee 2010). Furthermore, most developing or latecomer countries have market sizes that are not sufficient for extensive production, meaning that the only way to extend the market size is through exporting (Hesse 2008; Kónya 2006). Therefore, we see a strong linkage between sustained exports and structural change in developing economies. While the literature on structural change somehow tends to emphasize inter-sectoral shifts in a domestic economy and pays less attention to the export side, export growth has long been considered an important factor for economic growth, particularly in East Asian economies. The economies are often contrasted with the import-substitution growth of Latin American economies in the