Vehicular networking has recently gained great attention. Although TCP/IP protocol has shown grea... more Vehicular networking has recently gained great attention. Although TCP/IP protocol has shown great resilience over the years, still it is quite challenging in highly vehicular environments. Recently, researchers proposed the use of a content-centric approach, Named Data Networking (NDN), for enhancing the efficiency of vehicular ad-hoc networks. NDN uses application generated variable-length, location-independent names to retrieve and/or disseminate the content efficiently. Naming allows NDN applications to access multiple network interfaces at the same time without the need of acquiring IP address repeatedly. In this paper, we implement IP-based data forwarding schemes, such as Epidemic, Spray & Wait, and Adaptive Forwarding using NDN on the sparsely-connected real vehicular testbed. We also evaluate these NDN-based forwarding schemes to study the performance of name based forwarding for retrieving and disseminating data. Our experimental results obtained through real vehicular testbed validate the performance and usability of NDN over VANET.
Internet of Things (IoT) is driven by innumerable sensing devices, RFID tags and other miniature ... more Internet of Things (IoT) is driven by innumerable sensing devices, RFID tags and other miniature computing entities, which continuously sense, generate and compute data. One can see that our future environment will contain lots of devices that will generate the massive amount of automated data. The presence of resource constrained devices, frequent exchange of data and heterogeneous types of network traffic distinguish IoT from the current Internet. Recently, Named Data Networking (NDN) is proposed as a content retrieval solution which directly deals with application generated variable-length, location-independent names to search and pull contents for a requesting user, irrespective of hosting entity. The use of content names for communication support name-based routing, in-network caching, and security which make the NDN more suitable for IoT. In this paper, we propose a NDN-based searching mechanism (named, Search-NDNoT), which can be used to find any smart item augmented with the RFID in real-world in real-time. An energy-efficient data aggregation algorithm is also proposed to maintain up-to-date data on the server. Our proof-of-concept prototype shows the usability of our proposed system.
—Named Data Networking (NDN) is a promising future Internet which retrieves the content using the... more —Named Data Networking (NDN) is a promising future Internet which retrieves the content using their names. Content names composed of strings separated by '/' are stored in the NDN Forwarding Information Base (FIB) to forward the incoming packets further. Though NDN has several benefits over traditional IP-based Internet, storing names instead of IP addresses has two major bottlenecks. While it consumes significantly large memory, it incurs higher search and update time. Another issue is the fast growth of routing table size through which FIB will not fit in existing routers' line-card memory. Moreover, frequent updates to the FIB can degrade the packet delivery performance. In this paper, we propose a scalable and memory efficient Patricia trie based name forwarding scheme (called, N-FIB) for FIB. N-FIB supports FIB aggregation to significantly minimize the impact of large FIB size and high FIB update cost. Extensive experiment results show that the N-FIB scheme can reduce memory consumption by 68.18% compared to the BP scheme for 29 million named dataset. Moreover, N-FIB is reducing routers' computation and memory overhead while, supporting strong forwarding correctness.
Proceedings of the 2015 Workshop on Pervasive Wireless Healthcare - MobileHealth '15, 2015
In recent years, healthcare sector has emerged as a major application area of Internet-of-Things ... more In recent years, healthcare sector has emerged as a major application area of Internet-of-Things (IoT). IoT aims to automate healthcare services through remote monitoring of patients using several vital sign sensors. Remotely collected patient records are then conveyed to the hospital servers through the user's smartphones. Healthcare IoT can thus reduce a lot of overhead while allowing people to access healthcare services all the time and everywhere. However, healthcare IoT exchanges data over the IP-centric Internet which has vulnerabilities related to security, privacy, and mobility. Those features are added to the Internet as external add-ons. In order to solve this problem, in this paper, we propose to use Named Data Networking (NDN), which is a future Internet paradigm based on Content-Centric Networking (CCN). NDN has in-built support for user mobility which is well-suited for mobile patients and caregivers. NDN also ensures data security instead of channel security earlier provided by the Internet. In this paper, we have developed NDNoT, which is an IoT solution for smart mobile healthcare using NDN. Our proof-of-concept prototype shows the usability of our proposed architecture.
2012 Third International Conference on Emerging Applications of Information Technology, 2012
ABSTRACT High mobility and need for data access with high speed, brings the Broadband Wireless Ac... more ABSTRACT High mobility and need for data access with high speed, brings the Broadband Wireless Access (BWA) like WiMAX in forefront. IEEE Standard does not offer any standard scheduling algorithm and till now, it is an open issue for research. The objectives of the scheduling are resource optimization with high throughput and low computational complexity. In this paper, we propose a scheduling algorithm based on a virtual frame concept for the Subscriber Stations (SSs) of the WiMAX. Simulations are performed in Network Simulator 2 (NS2) for verification of the proposed scheme. The simulation results show that by using the proposed Advanced Scheduler (AS) approach the response time to BS decreased to 16.02% in comparison to queue length aware approach. The proposed approach optimizes the usage of the bandwidth and resources in the WiMAX networks by including intelligence for different service flows at the SSs. Moreover, it does fair management of lower class services such as nonreal time Polling Service (nrtPS) and Best Effort (BE) in comparison to Unsolicited Grant Service (UGS) and real time Polling Service (rtPS).
In recent years, healthcare sector has emerged as a major application area of Internet-of-Things ... more In recent years, healthcare sector has emerged as a major application area of Internet-of-Things (IoT). IoT aims to automate healthcare services through remote monitoring of patients using several vital sign sensors. Remotely collected patient records are then conveyed to the hospital servers through the user's smartphones. Healthcare IoT can thus reduce a lot of overhead while allowing people to access healthcare services all the time and everywhere. However, healthcare IoT exchanges data over the IP-centric Internet which has vulnerabilities related to security, privacy, and mobility. Those features are added to the Internet as external add-ons. In order to solve this problem, in this paper, we propose to use Named Data Networking (NDN), which is a future Internet paradigm based on Content-Centric Networking (CCN). NDN has in-built support for user mobility which is well-suited for mobile patients and caregivers. NDN also ensures data security instead of channel security earlier provided by the Internet. In this paper, we have developed NDNoT, which is an IoT solution for smart mobile healthcare using NDN. Our proof-of-concept prototype shows the usability of our proposed architecture.
Named Data Networking (NDN) aims to discard the existing host-centric networking paradigm just to... more Named Data Networking (NDN) aims to discard the existing host-centric networking paradigm just to replace it with a more practical Content-Centric Networking (CCN) paradigm. CCN allows users to fetch and distribute contents directly using their names. NDN router stores all incoming content requests ('/'-delimited string components) in the Pending Interest Table (PIT) until they are satisfied. Multiple requests for the same content are merged in a single PIT entry and when the requested content is available, it is forwarded simultaneously to all the requesters. Although NDN has several benefits over the existing IP-based network, replacing IP addresses with names increases memory consumption and lookup cost. One possible way to restrict memory usage is to use name encoding, i.e., to encode identical components of a name with a unique integer. In this paper, we proposed a novel memory efficient name encoding scheme (called, Radient) for PIT and evaluated it extensively. Our results show that the Radient scheme can reduce memory consumption by 35.45% compared to the ENPT for 29 million names.
Internet was developed as a packet data network where users and data sources (server) with specif... more Internet was developed as a packet data network where users and data sources (server) with specific IP addresses interacted over a pre-established communication channel. This model of client–server data communication has evolved into a peer-to-peer mode of data sharing in recent times. Applications like, YouTube, Bit Torrent, social networks have revolutionized the idea of user generated contents. Modern users care only for specific data items irrespective of their sources. So, the idea of using IP addresses to identify servers hosting a particular content is losing its importance. Moreover, want of IP addresses is a challenging issue haunting the Internet community since long. The need of the time is a content-centric networking platform where data hosts are of less importance, and Named Data Networking (NDN) has been proposed to that end. NDN allows users to float a data request without any knowledge about the hosting entity. NDN can handle user mobility, security issues more efficiently than the current Internet. Although NDN has been proposed in 2010, so far, there is no survey paper studying its architecture and various schemes proposed for its different characteristic features, like, naming, adaptive forwarding and routing, caching, security, mobility, etc. In this paper, we introduce a novel taxonomy to study NDN features in depth. We have also covered several NDN applications. We conclude our survey by identifying a set of open challenges which should be addressed by researchers in due course.
In recent years, revolutions across the middleeast,
mass protests in USA and Spain, and aggregate... more In recent years, revolutions across the middleeast, mass protests in USA and Spain, and aggregated general discontents in many other countries of the world have lived a cyber life parallel to the streets - mainly in Twitter. Much have been said and believed about Twitter based revolutions. However, there is real dearth of in-depth empirical studies to support those claims. Before the heat of earlier revolutions on Twitter cooled down, a new revolution emerged in the Shahbag Square in Dhaka, capital of Bangladesh. It started by declaration in social networks, quickly gathered huge momentum, and soon got spread all over the country. In this study, we analyzed about a million tweets to study the nature of the movement, the participants and their demographics. The results show that the modern revolutions bring together people from all strata of the society around the epicenter and grow in a completely apolitical manner.
2015 7th International Conference on Communication Systems and Networks (COMSNETS), 2015
In recent years, revolutions across the middleeast, mass protests in USA and Spain, and aggregate... more In recent years, revolutions across the middleeast, mass protests in USA and Spain, and aggregated general discontents in many other countries of the world have lived a cyber life parallel to the streets -mainly in Twitter. Much have been said and believed about Twitter based revolutions. However, there is real dearth of in-depth empirical studies to support those claims. Before the heat of earlier revolutions on Twitter cooled down, a new revolution emerged in the Shahbag Square in Dhaka, capital of Bangladesh. It started by declaration in social networks, quickly gathered huge momentum, and soon got spread all over the country. In this study, we analyzed about a million tweets to study the nature of the movement, the participants and their demographics. The results show that the modern revolutions bring together people from all strata of the society around the epicenter and grow in a completely apolitical manner.
Vehicular networking has recently gained great attention. Although TCP/IP protocol has shown grea... more Vehicular networking has recently gained great attention. Although TCP/IP protocol has shown great resilience over the years, still it is quite challenging in highly vehicular environments. Recently, researchers proposed the use of a content-centric approach, Named Data Networking (NDN), for enhancing the efficiency of vehicular ad-hoc networks. NDN uses application generated variable-length, location-independent names to retrieve and/or disseminate the content efficiently. Naming allows NDN applications to access multiple network interfaces at the same time without the need of acquiring IP address repeatedly. In this paper, we implement IP-based data forwarding schemes, such as Epidemic, Spray & Wait, and Adaptive Forwarding using NDN on the sparsely-connected real vehicular testbed. We also evaluate these NDN-based forwarding schemes to study the performance of name based forwarding for retrieving and disseminating data. Our experimental results obtained through real vehicular testbed validate the performance and usability of NDN over VANET.
Internet of Things (IoT) is driven by innumerable sensing devices, RFID tags and other miniature ... more Internet of Things (IoT) is driven by innumerable sensing devices, RFID tags and other miniature computing entities, which continuously sense, generate and compute data. One can see that our future environment will contain lots of devices that will generate the massive amount of automated data. The presence of resource constrained devices, frequent exchange of data and heterogeneous types of network traffic distinguish IoT from the current Internet. Recently, Named Data Networking (NDN) is proposed as a content retrieval solution which directly deals with application generated variable-length, location-independent names to search and pull contents for a requesting user, irrespective of hosting entity. The use of content names for communication support name-based routing, in-network caching, and security which make the NDN more suitable for IoT. In this paper, we propose a NDN-based searching mechanism (named, Search-NDNoT), which can be used to find any smart item augmented with the RFID in real-world in real-time. An energy-efficient data aggregation algorithm is also proposed to maintain up-to-date data on the server. Our proof-of-concept prototype shows the usability of our proposed system.
—Named Data Networking (NDN) is a promising future Internet which retrieves the content using the... more —Named Data Networking (NDN) is a promising future Internet which retrieves the content using their names. Content names composed of strings separated by '/' are stored in the NDN Forwarding Information Base (FIB) to forward the incoming packets further. Though NDN has several benefits over traditional IP-based Internet, storing names instead of IP addresses has two major bottlenecks. While it consumes significantly large memory, it incurs higher search and update time. Another issue is the fast growth of routing table size through which FIB will not fit in existing routers' line-card memory. Moreover, frequent updates to the FIB can degrade the packet delivery performance. In this paper, we propose a scalable and memory efficient Patricia trie based name forwarding scheme (called, N-FIB) for FIB. N-FIB supports FIB aggregation to significantly minimize the impact of large FIB size and high FIB update cost. Extensive experiment results show that the N-FIB scheme can reduce memory consumption by 68.18% compared to the BP scheme for 29 million named dataset. Moreover, N-FIB is reducing routers' computation and memory overhead while, supporting strong forwarding correctness.
Proceedings of the 2015 Workshop on Pervasive Wireless Healthcare - MobileHealth '15, 2015
In recent years, healthcare sector has emerged as a major application area of Internet-of-Things ... more In recent years, healthcare sector has emerged as a major application area of Internet-of-Things (IoT). IoT aims to automate healthcare services through remote monitoring of patients using several vital sign sensors. Remotely collected patient records are then conveyed to the hospital servers through the user's smartphones. Healthcare IoT can thus reduce a lot of overhead while allowing people to access healthcare services all the time and everywhere. However, healthcare IoT exchanges data over the IP-centric Internet which has vulnerabilities related to security, privacy, and mobility. Those features are added to the Internet as external add-ons. In order to solve this problem, in this paper, we propose to use Named Data Networking (NDN), which is a future Internet paradigm based on Content-Centric Networking (CCN). NDN has in-built support for user mobility which is well-suited for mobile patients and caregivers. NDN also ensures data security instead of channel security earlier provided by the Internet. In this paper, we have developed NDNoT, which is an IoT solution for smart mobile healthcare using NDN. Our proof-of-concept prototype shows the usability of our proposed architecture.
2012 Third International Conference on Emerging Applications of Information Technology, 2012
ABSTRACT High mobility and need for data access with high speed, brings the Broadband Wireless Ac... more ABSTRACT High mobility and need for data access with high speed, brings the Broadband Wireless Access (BWA) like WiMAX in forefront. IEEE Standard does not offer any standard scheduling algorithm and till now, it is an open issue for research. The objectives of the scheduling are resource optimization with high throughput and low computational complexity. In this paper, we propose a scheduling algorithm based on a virtual frame concept for the Subscriber Stations (SSs) of the WiMAX. Simulations are performed in Network Simulator 2 (NS2) for verification of the proposed scheme. The simulation results show that by using the proposed Advanced Scheduler (AS) approach the response time to BS decreased to 16.02% in comparison to queue length aware approach. The proposed approach optimizes the usage of the bandwidth and resources in the WiMAX networks by including intelligence for different service flows at the SSs. Moreover, it does fair management of lower class services such as nonreal time Polling Service (nrtPS) and Best Effort (BE) in comparison to Unsolicited Grant Service (UGS) and real time Polling Service (rtPS).
In recent years, healthcare sector has emerged as a major application area of Internet-of-Things ... more In recent years, healthcare sector has emerged as a major application area of Internet-of-Things (IoT). IoT aims to automate healthcare services through remote monitoring of patients using several vital sign sensors. Remotely collected patient records are then conveyed to the hospital servers through the user's smartphones. Healthcare IoT can thus reduce a lot of overhead while allowing people to access healthcare services all the time and everywhere. However, healthcare IoT exchanges data over the IP-centric Internet which has vulnerabilities related to security, privacy, and mobility. Those features are added to the Internet as external add-ons. In order to solve this problem, in this paper, we propose to use Named Data Networking (NDN), which is a future Internet paradigm based on Content-Centric Networking (CCN). NDN has in-built support for user mobility which is well-suited for mobile patients and caregivers. NDN also ensures data security instead of channel security earlier provided by the Internet. In this paper, we have developed NDNoT, which is an IoT solution for smart mobile healthcare using NDN. Our proof-of-concept prototype shows the usability of our proposed architecture.
Named Data Networking (NDN) aims to discard the existing host-centric networking paradigm just to... more Named Data Networking (NDN) aims to discard the existing host-centric networking paradigm just to replace it with a more practical Content-Centric Networking (CCN) paradigm. CCN allows users to fetch and distribute contents directly using their names. NDN router stores all incoming content requests ('/'-delimited string components) in the Pending Interest Table (PIT) until they are satisfied. Multiple requests for the same content are merged in a single PIT entry and when the requested content is available, it is forwarded simultaneously to all the requesters. Although NDN has several benefits over the existing IP-based network, replacing IP addresses with names increases memory consumption and lookup cost. One possible way to restrict memory usage is to use name encoding, i.e., to encode identical components of a name with a unique integer. In this paper, we proposed a novel memory efficient name encoding scheme (called, Radient) for PIT and evaluated it extensively. Our results show that the Radient scheme can reduce memory consumption by 35.45% compared to the ENPT for 29 million names.
Internet was developed as a packet data network where users and data sources (server) with specif... more Internet was developed as a packet data network where users and data sources (server) with specific IP addresses interacted over a pre-established communication channel. This model of client–server data communication has evolved into a peer-to-peer mode of data sharing in recent times. Applications like, YouTube, Bit Torrent, social networks have revolutionized the idea of user generated contents. Modern users care only for specific data items irrespective of their sources. So, the idea of using IP addresses to identify servers hosting a particular content is losing its importance. Moreover, want of IP addresses is a challenging issue haunting the Internet community since long. The need of the time is a content-centric networking platform where data hosts are of less importance, and Named Data Networking (NDN) has been proposed to that end. NDN allows users to float a data request without any knowledge about the hosting entity. NDN can handle user mobility, security issues more efficiently than the current Internet. Although NDN has been proposed in 2010, so far, there is no survey paper studying its architecture and various schemes proposed for its different characteristic features, like, naming, adaptive forwarding and routing, caching, security, mobility, etc. In this paper, we introduce a novel taxonomy to study NDN features in depth. We have also covered several NDN applications. We conclude our survey by identifying a set of open challenges which should be addressed by researchers in due course.
In recent years, revolutions across the middleeast,
mass protests in USA and Spain, and aggregate... more In recent years, revolutions across the middleeast, mass protests in USA and Spain, and aggregated general discontents in many other countries of the world have lived a cyber life parallel to the streets - mainly in Twitter. Much have been said and believed about Twitter based revolutions. However, there is real dearth of in-depth empirical studies to support those claims. Before the heat of earlier revolutions on Twitter cooled down, a new revolution emerged in the Shahbag Square in Dhaka, capital of Bangladesh. It started by declaration in social networks, quickly gathered huge momentum, and soon got spread all over the country. In this study, we analyzed about a million tweets to study the nature of the movement, the participants and their demographics. The results show that the modern revolutions bring together people from all strata of the society around the epicenter and grow in a completely apolitical manner.
2015 7th International Conference on Communication Systems and Networks (COMSNETS), 2015
In recent years, revolutions across the middleeast, mass protests in USA and Spain, and aggregate... more In recent years, revolutions across the middleeast, mass protests in USA and Spain, and aggregated general discontents in many other countries of the world have lived a cyber life parallel to the streets -mainly in Twitter. Much have been said and believed about Twitter based revolutions. However, there is real dearth of in-depth empirical studies to support those claims. Before the heat of earlier revolutions on Twitter cooled down, a new revolution emerged in the Shahbag Square in Dhaka, capital of Bangladesh. It started by declaration in social networks, quickly gathered huge momentum, and soon got spread all over the country. In this study, we analyzed about a million tweets to study the nature of the movement, the participants and their demographics. The results show that the modern revolutions bring together people from all strata of the society around the epicenter and grow in a completely apolitical manner.
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Papers by Divya Saxena
mass protests in USA and Spain, and aggregated general
discontents in many other countries of the world have lived a
cyber life parallel to the streets - mainly in Twitter. Much have
been said and believed about Twitter based revolutions.
However, there is real dearth of in-depth empirical studies to
support those claims. Before the heat of earlier revolutions on
Twitter cooled down, a new revolution emerged in the Shahbag
Square in Dhaka, capital of Bangladesh. It started by
declaration in social networks, quickly gathered huge
momentum, and soon got spread all over the country. In this
study, we analyzed about a million tweets to study the nature of
the movement, the participants and their demographics. The
results show that the modern revolutions bring together people
from all strata of the society around the epicenter and grow in
a completely apolitical manner.
mass protests in USA and Spain, and aggregated general
discontents in many other countries of the world have lived a
cyber life parallel to the streets - mainly in Twitter. Much have
been said and believed about Twitter based revolutions.
However, there is real dearth of in-depth empirical studies to
support those claims. Before the heat of earlier revolutions on
Twitter cooled down, a new revolution emerged in the Shahbag
Square in Dhaka, capital of Bangladesh. It started by
declaration in social networks, quickly gathered huge
momentum, and soon got spread all over the country. In this
study, we analyzed about a million tweets to study the nature of
the movement, the participants and their demographics. The
results show that the modern revolutions bring together people
from all strata of the society around the epicenter and grow in
a completely apolitical manner.