Humanities & Social Sciences (HSS)

In this paper we focus on the rapidly deepening bilateral India-China economic relationship. Each is deeply integrating into the global economy through trade and FDI inflows, China is seen as primarily manufacturing-lead growth with India as service-lead growth (see Rodrick & Subramanian (2006)). An alternative view is that India is effectively a lagged version of China, and the two have to be considered a joint global presence. India and China are thus viewed in the literature in different comparative mode. That their bilateral closeness is deepening is evident in a number of areas. On the trade front, India-China bilateral trade has increased by a factor of 33 between 1995 and 2007, and this growth has occurred at an accelerating rate. This compares with a 7 fold increase in the China’s overall trade this period. With bilateral FDI the increase is even more dramatic, around 90 fold over the same period, but admittedly from a small base. And while strategic issues remain between In...

Language is employed to negotiate with reality that is to make reality describable. Reality contains all kinds of things like objects, events and facts. It contains both objective and subjective states like sensations and other inner or mental states & experiences like pain, happiness, intentions, beliefs, etc, and sensations (of colour, hot/cold, sounds, smells, etc...). There are some conditions of the possibility of successful linguistic negotiation with the item of realities. The language-game of naming or representing outer objects is known as denotational or referential approach of meaning. The language game of representing the outer objects is trouble-free because they are publicly available, and there is an objective check to represent the outer objects. But, the problem of representation arises when we are dealing with inner objects and inner sensations like pain; because inner sensations are not publicly available and there is no objective check for such inner sensations. As a matter of fact, we do talk about inners stuff like sensations and feelings of others and of our own. How is it possible? Do then we need different kind of language to represent our inner sensations? Language is a public matter, based on rulefollowing and agreement of the members of a society. In other words, language is not a 'private affair' but essentially a social phenomenon, and meanings are essentially things to be communicated. We learn and acquire language in society; we use language in social settings to communicate our thoughts, our feelings, our problems etc. Present work is an attempt to build an argument to address the problems like how do we communicate about the inner sensations like pain linguistically instead of not being publicly available.

The dialectical connection between language and culture has always been a concern of L2 teachers and educators. The present paper is an attempt to diversify the cultural resources for the new trends in language teaching through microelectronics technology. Language teaching through microelectronics technology is relatively different from conventional language teaching methods; it includes computers, Internet, hardware tools, software packages,

Written language is the hallmark of the literate world, a parameter that differentiates it from and puts it at a higher platform than illiterate world. The language of literacy in a community has the potential to be the prestige variety, because the negative connotations and stigmatisation of "illiteracy" is a part of wider ideological discourse which devalues vernacular literacies and nonstandard varieties of oral practices. Writing according to has been known to introduce the possibility of permanent rift between characteristically different varieties into every speech community. In most of the communities the high status and positive connotations attached with the written language and literacy attracts the people to use it for the spoken purposes also. The choice of the language for writing purposes may involve a host of religious, political, and social factors and hence are not determined simply by orthography. Employing the triangulation of qualitative and quantitative methodologies, the present study attempts to argue that the supremacy and prestige associated with Urdu language and literacy in Kashmir, has lead to a situation of biglossia and has played equally significant role to flourish the use of Urdu language in Kashmir, and has devalued the oral practices in the indigenous Kashmiri. From empirical evidences, the paper explicates that in addition to other factors responsible for triggering language shift, literacy practices and writing/ orthography can also play an important role in language shift as observed in the Kashmiri speech community. Indian Linguistics 74 (1-2) 2013:81-94 ISSN: 0378-0759