Papers by International Research Journal of Multidisciplinary Scope IRJMS
International Research Journal of Multidisciplinary Scope IRJMS, 2021
Community health services are the mechanism through which households and communities increase the... more Community health services are the mechanism through which households and communities increase their knowledge and skills in disease control and plan interventions. A mixed method cross-sectional baseline household survey was carried out in Migori and Kwale counties which constituted the intervention and control study sites respectively. The primary study participants were heads of households while secondary were FGDs and KIIs. Mean annual malaria cases for those above five years for all facilities in Migori County were 154/1000 compared to 113/1000 in Kwale. Mean annual malaria morbidity among children under five in all health facilities in Migori was 132/1000 compared to 32/1000 in Kwale. Net ownership among households in Migori was 65.8% compared to 31.4% Kwale. Pregnant women attending ANC in Migori was 60.0% compared to 92.9% in Kwale. 20% of pregnant women received IPTp3 in Migori was compared to 18.2% in Kwale. Malaria incidence in Migori was 36.73% compared to 63.7% for Kwale. Nets in use the night before survey by pregnant women in Migori was 38.6% compared to Kwale that was 28.5%. Proportion tested for malaria in Migori was 45.3% compared to Kwale that was 40%. 32.9% of household respondents in Migori took ACT within 24 hours after fever started was compared to 8% in Kwale. The study concludes that community health units exist within the two counties and thus provides opportunities to strengthening community health services to achieve access and utilization of malaria control interventions at this level.
International Research Journal of Multidisciplinary Scope IRJMS, 2021
This study describes the lives of people in the buffer area of Alaspurvo National Park, especiall... more This study describes the lives of people in the buffer area of Alaspurvo National Park, especially Kutorejo Village Kalipait Hamlet, which has local wisdom in the form of many traditions, rules, and abstinences that are still passed down through generations.This local wisdom has the value of ecological intelligence about the relationship of human activity with its ecosystem. Local wisdom owned by the community is used as a reference in the management of forest areas and coastal waters, both in the form of myths and abstinence. The center of attention of ecological studies according to Julian Steward is the process of cultural adaptation to the environment. This process is seen as a form of dialectic relationship in the context of interdependence with others. The type of research used in case study design is descriptive and qualitative. The results showed that the community around Alas Purwo National Park has local wisdom in the form of a number of traditions, rules or restrictions that are still valid for generations which are then maintained and obeyed until now. The abstinence is in the form of a ban on killing peacocks and abstinence in the payang system.
Background: Psoriasis is a common chronic inflammatory skin disorder associated with multiple com... more Background: Psoriasis is a common chronic inflammatory skin disorder associated with multiple comorbidities and significant effect in quality of life. Multiple comorbidities including disorders of lipid and lipoprotein, oxidative stress as well as metabolic syndrome has been found to be associated with psoriasis. There are several researches on lipid profile and psoriasis but the result is not consistent. Objective: To determine the lipid profile in patients with psoriasis and to compare it with healthy controls and to determine relation between lipid abnormalities and duration of disease & severity of psoriasis (graded by Psoriasis Area Severity Index, PASI). Methods: A comparative cross-sectional study was conducted among 71 cases and 71 control from 1 st Oct 2019 to 31 st Sep 2020 in the Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Koshi Hospital, biratnagar, Nepal to compare the lipid profile among patients with psoriasis and healthy controls. Result: Serum Total Cholesterol and Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol was significantly higher in patient with psoriasis as compared to control (165.65± 36.18 vs 147.90±32.84, p<0.001). A significant correlation was observed between severity of disease measured by PASI and TC (r=0.274, p=0.021) and LDL-Cholesterol (r=0.248, p=0.037). Conclusion: Patients with psoriasis have significantly high lipid abnormalities in terms of increased total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol. Dyslipidemias found in them paralleled with disease severity and durations. Early screening and treatment of hyperlipidemia in patients with psoriasis is advised to prevent atherosclerosis and its complications in them.
The paper discusses the stretching of social relations across temporal and spatial borders, as we... more The paper discusses the stretching of social relations across temporal and spatial borders, as well as the compression of time and space in the Covid-19 pandemic. It uses the theoretical arguments of David Harvey, Anthony Giddens and Doreen Massey in understanding concepts of time, space, and the power dynamics fueling social relations. The pandemic and the new norms of social isolation have only led to the development of remote work, and using telecommuter services to continue work as usual. This paper explores these new modes of services which allow individuals to work, study, visit museums, theater, and distant locations from home. However, the global trend of online work is deeply rooted in exclusionary practices, as large groups of people are left behind in this practice. The paper looks at these exclusions, and also aims to focus on the aspect of digital divide in India, and the inclusivity of online classes.
The free senior high school policy is one of best social and economic intervention policies that ... more The free senior high school policy is one of best social and economic intervention policies that openly affect both parents and their wards in senior high school. This realisation is reached on the backdrop of the policy’s role in redeeming parents from their economic and financial burden. This study therefore looks at the effect of introducing the free senior high school policy on the economic and social lives of parents and students respectively. A correlational cross-sectional descriptive design was used. Questionnaires were administered on three hundred and thirty-six (336) parents of wards in three senior high schools in the North East and Upper East Regions of Ghana. The study confirms that the introduction of the free senior high school policy relieved the financial burden of parents, especially guardians from rural settlements. Besides, there was lack of adequate stakeholder consultation, hence saddled with implementation challenges. Delay in disbursement of funds for feeding and learning materials presented yet another problem. It is important that governments find sustainable sources of funding the educational system and also ensure the double-track system is regularised into a single-track system by expanding academic user facilities and increasing the numerical strength of both teaching and non-teaching staff in various senior high schools.
This paper focused on analysing the results of previous studies conducted by different researcher... more This paper focused on analysing the results of previous studies conducted by different researchers to examine the effect on turnover intention of HRM activities such as training and development, job security, performance appraisal and compensation. This research would also investigate the methods of human resource management as an independent variable and the intention of turnover as a dependent variable. A quantitative approach to assessing the effects of each variable has been implemented on the basis of these research objectives. The study therefore concluded that HRM activities can be applied as a method for the turnover intention of the employee.
The process of parboil, involves soaking, steaming and drying and this requires large amount of w... more The process of parboil, involves soaking, steaming and drying and this requires large amount of water for soaking the paddy. The soak water contains high load of suspended and dissolved organic materials which putrefies overtime causing water and groundwater pollution. The groundwater is polluted due to release of waste water from rice mills of this area. Various water quality parameters were characterized such as turbidity; Acidity, Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), Dissolved Oxygen (DO) chemical oxygen demand (COD) Iron, Hardness, Chloride, and Sulphate were studied. It has been found that the parameters such as Iron, B.O.D., D.O. and C.O.D., are not in the acceptable limit in accordance with the IS 10500 (2012) drinking Water Quality Standards. The current study will mainly focus on the effect of rice mills on groundwater at Mahanadi River near Rajim.
Rappie/Koshe waste-to-energy facility, the first waste-to-energy facility in Africa, is challenge... more Rappie/Koshe waste-to-energy facility, the first waste-to-energy facility in Africa, is challenged by several factors including poor solid waste management, poor waste collection system and amount of waste, etc. The main purpose of this study is to assess the challenges and environmental impact of the Rappie/Koshe waste-to-energy facility in Addis Ababa. The study also aimed to give suggestions on how the current challenges and environmental issues can be improved; focusing on the current situation and future improvements. The primary work of this thesis was to study the current challenge of waste to energy facility, environmental impact, and stakeholder involvement. Data were gathered through interviews supplemented by field observation, self-administered questionnaires, and focus group discussion. Then, the data were analyzed descriptively. In addition, secondary data were gathered from documents. Findings revealed that the current Solid Waste Management practice could not cope with the waste-to-energy technology. About 25% of waste sorted out from the entire this activity strongly affects the efficiency of the waste to energy facility by 85% by reducing the calorific the worth of waste. Besides, major challenges, environmental issues, and the level of stakeholder activity were identified. The study would provide practical insights to decision-makers in solving the problem of the Rappie/ Koshe waste-to-energy facility.
The study sought to explore the effect of workplace environment on the performance of employees a... more The study sought to explore the effect of workplace environment on the performance of employees among Health Care Providers with focus on Fort Portal Regional Referral Hospital. The Specific objectives for this study were; to establish the relationships between physical environment, psychosocial environment and work life balance respectively on employee performance among Health Care Providers at Fort Portal Referral Hospital. The study used a cross sectional research design where the data on the study variables were collected at the same point in time. The study population involved comprised of 324 Health Care Providers at Fort Portal Regional Referral Hospital in Uganda of which 140 were considered for the study, however 122 responded. They included Administrative staff, Doctors, Nurses, Lab officers and Pharmacists. The study established that there is a statistically significant positive relationship between physical environment and workers’ performance (r =0.218, p<0.05); a statistically significant positive relationship between psychosocial environment and workers performance (r =0.221, p<0.05) and; a statistically insignificant relationship between work life balances and workers performance (r =0.147, p>0.05). However, the study found that work environment has a significant effect on employee performance in Fort Portal Regional Referral Hospital (R2= 0.11, p<0.05). Recommend were made that management of the hospital should always try to create a conducive workplace environment that aid the performance of work. They should also place a lot of emphasis on the physical and psychosocial environment to improve performance, efficiency, better morale and increased customer satisfaction. This is very much important in the Health Care sector due to the COVID-19 pandemic and the standard operating procedures it calls for. Health Care Providers and management of Fort Portal Referral Hospital are further encouraged to maintain good communication in the workplace that involves workers in the progress and application of healthy and safe workplace practices that balances work and family responsibilities.
The importance of agricultural production to Nigeria’s economy cannot be overemphasized. Several ... more The importance of agricultural production to Nigeria’s economy cannot be overemphasized. Several researchers have proposed various techniques towards quantifying the effects of agricultural production on our economy, but the factors motivating agricultural teachers into exposing young students to the practical aspect of agricultural production has not been discussed. To address this, this research assessed the factors motivating agricultural teachers towards exposing their students to agricultural production as source of livelihood: Case study of Odeda Local Government Area, Ogun State, Nigeria. Data was collected using well-structured questionnaire and interview. The study involved 5 HODs and 25 teachers selected using purposive sampling technique and simple random sampling technique respectively. Data were analysed quantitatively using descriptive statistics, whereas content analysis techniques were used to analyze qualitative data collected using interview schedules. The analyzed data were presented in form of tables, pie-charts and bar-graphs where applicable. At the end of the study, it was revealed that the teaching experience of a high percentage of the respondents ranged between 16-20 years. It was indicated that the respondents were satisfied with their job. A higher percentage of the respondents were involved in agricultural production either subsistence or commercial. It was shown that only a few percentages of the respondents had 6-10 years farming experience. However, among other methods of land acquisition, the land acquisition by inheritance was mostly adopted by the respondents. Most of the respondents were active members of a farmers’ association, and they have passion for agricultural production, hence, planned to continue in the practice as a primary source of livelihood after retirement from teaching profession. It was gathered that various factors like supervision, leadership, work environment condition, perceived fairness in promotion system and promotion opportunities elsewhere affects job satisfaction. The study discovered that most of the respondents are into crop farming as a secondary means of livelihood and eighty (80) percent of the teachers are willing to expose their students into agricultural production as a source of livelihood, which will eventually alleviate poverty and reduce the search for white collar jobs in Nigeria.
Land is the prime resource for human beings. Since the beginning of human existence of man has di... more Land is the prime resource for human beings. Since the beginning of human existence of man has directed his activities with reference to earth resources. Urban land use is one of the most important components of the urban life support system, which have been over used and even abused over the centuries. A city is an outcome of physical growth process and reflects man’s effort and achievements in shaping his environment during the entire period of its development. Quality of urban life and functional efficiency of a city is governed by proper disposition of activities expressed as urban land use. In respect to the urban morphological studies, the urban land use pattern are based on morphological structure, population density, land uses in various sectors, administrative set up etc. The Study area Raipur city is situated in the heart of Chhattisgarh state. This area is extended from 21̊ 14' 14"N latitudes to 81̊ 38' 5"E longitudes. The main objectives of the present study are to analysis the scenarios of urban land use pattern of Raipur city in 2011 with reference to past decades as well as proposed urban land use pattern. The present research paper has been based on both the primary data and secondary data which are acquired through field survey method and the Master Plan (2011) of Raipur city (town and country planning department, Raipur, Chhattisgarh State) respectively. Statistical analysis and cartographic techniques are use to represent the scenarios of urban land use pattern of Raipur city. The main findings of this research paper is that, the Raipur city are divided into 6 categories of urban land uses; Residential-56.3%,Industrial-11.6%,Commercial-4.8%,Public&semi-public-12.1%,Recreational - 2.7% and Transportation- 13.5% which is different from past decades due to the rapid growth of urban population as well as immigration in Raipur city.
Wild edible plants playing important role in the nutrition, hygien, medicinal and conventional li... more Wild edible plants playing important role in the nutrition, hygien, medicinal and conventional lifestyles of the people. The area of Jashpur is rich biodiversity and tribal culture, dependent for sustenance on wild edible plants. These are not only consumed in the Jashpur area, but are also sold in local markets for the benefit of different sections of plants used in different types of diseases. The Survey was conducted on Jashpur district several villages where meeting with local medicine men, Baiga, Vaidya, local people and collect the data regarding to ethnomedicinal wild edible plants. In this study during field survey total 20 ethno medicinal wild edible plant species were identified which are used by the tribal or local people of Jashpur district Chhattisgarh. A total of 20 species belonging to 17 families were documented from the study area. Out of the recorded species were 5 herbs, 3 shrubs, 2 rhizome, 3 climbers, and the rest 7 were trees. Plant parts such as leaves, fruit, young twigs, shoots, rhizomes, roots, flowers, seeds, etc. These plants are also used for medicine as well as food people community.
Jashpur district is a herbal medicinal district of Chhattisgarh, where various tribes people like... more Jashpur district is a herbal medicinal district of Chhattisgarh, where various tribes people like Korwa, Gond, Nageshiya, Birhor, Pando and Baiga are reside. The tribal people mostly obtain medicines from the forests and use them in large quantities for various diseases and sell the medicinal herbs in the market and make a living from that income. The survey revealed that most of these wild medicinal herbs are used by tribes in wide volumes for Fever, Skin diseases, Headache, Body pain, Joint pain, Bone fracture, Digestive problem, Piles and Paralysis. There are 100 of medicinal plant species available as medicines in Jashpur district.
The Lambadi people (also known as Banjara, Gormati, Vanjara and Gor). The community described as ... more The Lambadi people (also known as Banjara, Gormati, Vanjara and Gor). The community described as perambulant people from north west of India from Mewar region now the location is Rajasthan. There are one of the Scheduled Tribes communities spread out mostly in southern part of India like Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh and Telangana and some parts of Northern India.
British Colonial Authorities has passed the Act of 1871 under the preview of Criminal Tribes in 19th century, which made them to give up their classical occupations. Due to the impact some of them resolve into farming and others gone back to the forest. This led to some of them settling down as farmers and others are driven into the forest.
Environmental conservation has been a burning topic for the past few decades and conservation and... more Environmental conservation has been a burning topic for the past few decades and conservation and health monitoring of soil and soil biota is a domain that needs to be dealt with which is directly related to agriculture, food and human health. Due to indiscriminate of chemical fertilizers the soil health and the ecology of soil organisms has been drastically deteriorated. Beneficial non-target organisms are harmed as a result of pesticide application, earthworms being the most common and abundant amongst them. Cypermethrin is one of the commonly used synthetic pyrethroid pesticides in agricultural field. Perionyx excavatus is an indigenous species of epigeic earthworm found in abundance in the uncultivated grasslands, around Midnapore district of West Bengal, that are free from direct pesticide contamination and are collected from there. In this study, acute toxicity of selected earthworms was evaluated following the 96-hr LC50 test under laboratory conditions. Similarly, chronic toxicity of preclitellete and adult earthworms Perionyx excavatus was evaluated by exposing them to sublethal concentrations i.e. 25% of LC50 (T1) and 50% of LC50 (T2) of cypermethrin (Cypermethrin- T1- 3.0 μg/kg soil, T2- 6.0 μg/kg soil) for 28 days to detect their developmental changes and changes in cellular enzyme activities respectively, under laboratory conditions. Our results showed that cypermethrin could lead to significant reduction of biomass, reduced cocoon production and changes in acid and alkaline phosphatase activity. We found that in case of T2 sublethal dose of cypermethrin cocoon production was reduced to nil. In summary, we found that cypermethrin induced both developmental and enzymatic changes in Perionyx excavatus, contributing to a more comprehensive evaluation of the safety of the synthetic pyrethroid. These parameters can also be used as effective tools in detecting pesticide pollution in agro-ecosystems.
Acanthophora spicifera (Red algae) and Dictyopteris australis (Brown algae), biomasses were pretr... more Acanthophora spicifera (Red algae) and Dictyopteris australis (Brown algae), biomasses were pretreated and subjected to fermentation. Acid pretreatment yielded 35.82±0.12 mg/g and 28.04±0.09 mg/g of reduced sugar respectively. Acid pretreated biomass subjected to enzyme hydrolysis yielded 216 mg/g and 187 mg/g of reduced sugar. Separate hydrolysis and fermentation was carried out for acid hydrolysate using yeast strain isolated from cashew fruit juice (CJY) and toddy juice (TJY) hydrolysate with CJY strain yield 137 mg/g and 107 mg/g respectively of ethanol and TJY yielded 240 mg/g and 190 mg/g respectively for A. spicifera and D. australis of ethanol achieving 26.4 and 20.6 and 47.8 % and 37.4 % theoretical efficiency respectively in SHF process. In SSF process, TJY yielded higher ethanol yield of 470 mg/g and 370 mg/g, achieving 84.2% and 73.7% theoretical efficiency and exhibiting thermo tolerance ability.
Introduction: Ectopic pregnancy is a common life-threatening gynaecological surgical emergency. I... more Introduction: Ectopic pregnancy is a common life-threatening gynaecological surgical emergency. It’s incidence is rising globally. It remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality in early pregnancy.The present study is aimed to determine the incidence, risk factors, clinical presentation, diagnosis, management and post-operative outcome of ectopic pregnancies in a tertiary care teaching hospital. Methods: The study was a retrospective study carried out in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, B.P Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal. Data were retrieved from the medical record section , from the case sheets of gynae admission registers and operative notes in the study duration of one year (January 2019-December 2019). The gynaecological admissions and records of the total births within the period of study were also used in the analysis. Results: During this study period, the incidence of ectopic pregnancy was 0.95% of total births and 7.46% of the total gynaecological admissions. The peak age group of incidence was age of 26-30 years. Use of contraception and history of abortion were the main risk factors with contributions of 27.82% each respectively. Abdominal pain (86.95%), amenorrhoea (81.73%), vaginal bleeding (54.78%) were the most frequent presenting complaints. Ampulla (58.26%) followed by cornua (8.69%) were the commonest sites of ectopic implantation. Ovarian pregnancies contributed to only 5.21%. A total of 69.56% patients presented with ruptured ectopic pregnancy but only 14.78% had hemodynamic instability. In majority of patients salpingectomy (61.73%) was done followed by salpingo-oophorectomy (8.69%). Only 11.30% received methotrexate in line of medical management and 59.13% required blood transfusion. There was no maternal mortality. Conclusions: Early diagnosis, timely referral, improved access to health care facility and aggressive management would help to reduce the maternal morbidity and mortality associated with ectopic pregnancy.
Social capital enhances the flow of resources to individuals via formal and informal network and ... more Social capital enhances the flow of resources to individuals via formal and informal network and social support. Over the last two decades, social capital has been employed at exploring the processes that makes a conducive and secure community – for fostering different identities and behaviors (1). About 44 percent of the disabled community in India is women (2). Apart from the lack of social and physical autonomy this populace is subjected to stigmatisation, poor quality of life, disintegrated social and psychological functioning. Previous studies show that sport helps to build community identity and a sense of community and belonging. Our study focuses on the discourse of the intersectionality between disability, gender and sports in the formation and maintenance of social capital on a group of five women athletes with disabilities. Qualitative study based on primary and secondary data was done through narrative and content analysis. Results show that there might be a role of sports in developing social capital leading them to break few mental and physical barriers. The study finally shows the positive effects of the socio-cultural aspects of social capital.
“Pandu” Vyadhi is described in Ayurveda, having many clinical features similar to different types... more “Pandu” Vyadhi is described in Ayurveda, having many clinical features similar to different types of anemia as mentioned in Modern text."Pandu" means a white colour mixed with yellowish Tinge as mentioned in Amarakosha . According to Charaka Samhita- In this disease the skin ofpatient isdiscoloured as Pandu or like haridra or greenish tinge. According to Sushruta Samhita in all types of Pandu body of the patient is more Pandu (shwetarakta or shweta pita).So it is named as Pandu. In Ayurveda Charaka has mentioned it as Rasavaha Srotodushti. Susruta has mentioned it as RaktavahaSrotodushti. A prominent diagnostic feature of Pandu roga is the pallor on the skin which occurs due to the quantitative and qualitative deficiency of raktudhatu(1).Besides the various etiological factors Aaharajahetu and ViharajaHetu plays an important role . In this modern era, people are unaware of their day-to-day life style. There is a drastic change in their livings. And this has made their life more complicated and which are leading for occurrence for many disease. Factors affecting manifestation of disease are change in the life style, high population, socio economic cause, stress, uncontrolled diet, addictions and lot more. According to Ayurveda, the best treatment for all the disease is nidanparivarjan means to avoid all the causative factors. So in order to make people disease free and to make people aware, review study of dincharya as nidanparivarjan of panduvyadhi has been presented in this paper.
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Papers by International Research Journal of Multidisciplinary Scope IRJMS
British Colonial Authorities has passed the Act of 1871 under the preview of Criminal Tribes in 19th century, which made them to give up their classical occupations. Due to the impact some of them resolve into farming and others gone back to the forest. This led to some of them settling down as farmers and others are driven into the forest.
British Colonial Authorities has passed the Act of 1871 under the preview of Criminal Tribes in 19th century, which made them to give up their classical occupations. Due to the impact some of them resolve into farming and others gone back to the forest. This led to some of them settling down as farmers and others are driven into the forest.