De part ment of Plant Mo lec u lar Bi ol ogy and Bio tech nol ogy, Col lege of Ag ri cul ture, RV... more De part ment of Plant Mo lec u lar Bi ol ogy and Bio tech nol ogy, Col lege of Ag ri cul ture, RVSKVV, Gwalior (M.P.) ABSTRACT Pharmaceutically significant secondary metabolites or phytopharmaceuticals include alkaloids, glycosides, flavonoids, volatile oils, tannins, resins etc. Currently, most of these secondary metabolites are isolated from wild or cultivated plants because their chemical synthesis is either extremely difficult or economically infeasible. Biotechnological production in plant cell cultures is an attractive alternative, but to date this has had only limited commercial success because of a lack of understanding of how these metabolites are synthesized. The present paper overview some of the recent developments and studies carried out by authors for the production of some of the bioactive secondary metabolites viz: withanolides, bacosides, glychyrhizin, reserpenine, ajmalcine, amarogentin, plumbgin and terpenoids from tissue cultures of respective plant species. The same have been discussed in detail. Sec ond ary me tab o lites, tis sue cul ture, me dic i nal plants, met a bolic en gi neer ing, bioactive,withanolides, bacosides, glychyrhizin, terpenoids, re ser pine, plumbgin, indole al ka loids, seco–irridoids, xanthones.
Mentha spicata L. (spearmint) was collected from different sub-tropical and temperate zones of No... more Mentha spicata L. (spearmint) was collected from different sub-tropical and temperate zones of North-West Himalayan region of India. Plants were collected during the flowering stage and essential oil was extracted using Clevenger-type apparatus for 2.5h and analyzed. GC-MS analysis reveals that carvone was major part which varied between 49.62%-76.65%,second major component was limonene that varied between 9.57%-22.31%. 1,8cineole varied between 1.32%-2.62%, whereas trans-carveol varied between 0.3%-1.52%.
Shoot cultures of Bacopa monnieri L. (Brahmi) were cultivated in shake flask (1 L) and two biorea... more Shoot cultures of Bacopa monnieri L. (Brahmi) were cultivated in shake flask (1 L) and two bioreactor systems: Growtek® (1 L) and modified bench top air lift bioreactor (ALB) (5 L). Continuous immersion and aeration supported excellent growth and enhanced levels of bacoside (A 3 +A 2) production in ALB. Growth index (GI) in terms of dry wt was recorded maximum in the ALB (5.84), followed by Growtek® (4.22) and shake flasks (2.61) after 4 wk of incubation. ALB recorded the highest number of shoots (443.33), as compared to that in Growtek® (42.67) and shake flasks (23.33). Furthermore, bacoside production in shoot cultures of the ALB system was ~ 1.75-fold higher as compared to cultures in shake flask. Nutrient exhaustion in spent medium from the various systems was also measured. Present work reports the feasibility of shoot cultivation in liquid medium to develop a suitable bioreactor strategy.
Picrorhiza kurrooa Royle ex Benth (Scrophulariaceae), commonly known as Kutki, is a major ingredi... more Picrorhiza kurrooa Royle ex Benth (Scrophulariaceae), commonly known as Kutki, is a major ingredient of many ayurvedic preparations prescribed in the treatment of various diseases. Picrosides I and II are the active agents responsible for the medicinal effects of Kutki, and the variation in content of these compounds in plants at different altitudes is a major question to be addressed. The picroside I and II content in various plant parts of P. kurrooa collected from different altitudes, viz. Sonemarg (2,740 m a.s.l.), Tangmarg (2,690 m a.s.l.), and Pulwama (1,630 m a.s.l.) in the north-western Kashmir Himalayas was analyzed by HPLC. A considerable degree of variation in picroside content was observed. Picroside I and II was highest in populations collected from Sonemarg followed by Tangmarg, suggesting that picroside accumulation is directly correlated with altitudinal change. More picroside I was found in the rhizome and roots of the Pulwama population as compared to Tangmarg samples, whereas the quantity of Picroside II was reduced in plants from Pulwama compared to the Tangmarg population, suggesting that cultivation of P. kurroa at lower altitude reduces the picroside content. The quantities of picrosides also varied spatially, being highest in rhizome followed by roots, inflorescence and leaves in the populations from all three locations. The study concludes that picroside I and II accumulation depends on altitude, which could help in the selection and collection of superior genotypes with uniform effects for utilization by the pharmaceutical industry.
Medicine, Jammu is dedicated to advance the knowledge and application of plant development in con... more Medicine, Jammu is dedicated to advance the knowledge and application of plant development in controlled environments. The overall objective of our research programs is to develop in vitro technologies for exploitation of tissue cultures for the plant based medicines and the conservation of High Altitude plant species of Medicinal Value while expanding our knowledge of plant growth and development
Plant regeneration. production and regulation of bioactive secondary metabolites by cell, tissue ... more Plant regeneration. production and regulation of bioactive secondary metabolites by cell, tissue and hairy root cultures, bioreactor cultivation for scaling up of cell ,tissue and organ cultures and study the biodiversity of Medicinal Aromatic Plants of NW Himalayas at molecular/chemical levels are the major areas of research. Some of the highlights of research include:
Bacopa monnieri (L.) Wettst. an emergent macrophyte, fast proliferating wetland species has attra... more Bacopa monnieri (L.) Wettst. an emergent macrophyte, fast proliferating wetland species has attracted considerable attention in recent years owing to its capability of absorbing toxic heavy metals from the aquatic environment. As such plant species having dual importance need to be conserved and propagated on priority basis. A protocol was developed for regeneration from encapsulated nodal segments collected from in vitro propagated shoots of Bacopa monnieri. The best gel composition was achieved using 2.5% sodium alginate and 100 mM CaCl 2 .2H 2 O. The maximum percentage response (86.67) for conservation of encapsulated nodal segments into plantlets was achieved on Murashige and Skoog's medium supplemented with 1.0 mg -1 BAP after 6-8 weeks. Well developed regenerated plantlets were hardened, acclimatized and established under net house conditions, where they grew well without any detectable variation. The regeneration ability of encapsulated nodal segments was affected by the concentration of sodium alginate and calcium chloride.
De part ment of Plant Mo lec u lar Bi ol ogy and Bio tech nol ogy, Col lege of Ag ri cul ture, RV... more De part ment of Plant Mo lec u lar Bi ol ogy and Bio tech nol ogy, Col lege of Ag ri cul ture, RVSKVV, Gwalior (M.P.) ABSTRACT Pharmaceutically significant secondary metabolites or phytopharmaceuticals include alkaloids, glycosides, flavonoids, volatile oils, tannins, resins etc. Currently, most of these secondary metabolites are isolated from wild or cultivated plants because their chemical synthesis is either extremely difficult or economically infeasible. Biotechnological production in plant cell cultures is an attractive alternative, but to date this has had only limited commercial success because of a lack of understanding of how these metabolites are synthesized. The present paper overview some of the recent developments and studies carried out by authors for the production of some of the bioactive secondary metabolites viz: withanolides, bacosides, glychyrhizin, reserpenine, ajmalcine, amarogentin, plumbgin and terpenoids from tissue cultures of respective plant species. The same have been discussed in detail. Sec ond ary me tab o lites, tis sue cul ture, me dic i nal plants, met a bolic en gi neer ing, bioactive,withanolides, bacosides, glychyrhizin, terpenoids, re ser pine, plumbgin, indole al ka loids, seco–irridoids, xanthones.
Mentha spicata L. (spearmint) was collected from different sub-tropical and temperate zones of No... more Mentha spicata L. (spearmint) was collected from different sub-tropical and temperate zones of North-West Himalayan region of India. Plants were collected during the flowering stage and essential oil was extracted using Clevenger-type apparatus for 2.5h and analyzed. GC-MS analysis reveals that carvone was major part which varied between 49.62%-76.65%,second major component was limonene that varied between 9.57%-22.31%. 1,8cineole varied between 1.32%-2.62%, whereas trans-carveol varied between 0.3%-1.52%.
Shoot cultures of Bacopa monnieri L. (Brahmi) were cultivated in shake flask (1 L) and two biorea... more Shoot cultures of Bacopa monnieri L. (Brahmi) were cultivated in shake flask (1 L) and two bioreactor systems: Growtek® (1 L) and modified bench top air lift bioreactor (ALB) (5 L). Continuous immersion and aeration supported excellent growth and enhanced levels of bacoside (A 3 +A 2) production in ALB. Growth index (GI) in terms of dry wt was recorded maximum in the ALB (5.84), followed by Growtek® (4.22) and shake flasks (2.61) after 4 wk of incubation. ALB recorded the highest number of shoots (443.33), as compared to that in Growtek® (42.67) and shake flasks (23.33). Furthermore, bacoside production in shoot cultures of the ALB system was ~ 1.75-fold higher as compared to cultures in shake flask. Nutrient exhaustion in spent medium from the various systems was also measured. Present work reports the feasibility of shoot cultivation in liquid medium to develop a suitable bioreactor strategy.
Picrorhiza kurrooa Royle ex Benth (Scrophulariaceae), commonly known as Kutki, is a major ingredi... more Picrorhiza kurrooa Royle ex Benth (Scrophulariaceae), commonly known as Kutki, is a major ingredient of many ayurvedic preparations prescribed in the treatment of various diseases. Picrosides I and II are the active agents responsible for the medicinal effects of Kutki, and the variation in content of these compounds in plants at different altitudes is a major question to be addressed. The picroside I and II content in various plant parts of P. kurrooa collected from different altitudes, viz. Sonemarg (2,740 m a.s.l.), Tangmarg (2,690 m a.s.l.), and Pulwama (1,630 m a.s.l.) in the north-western Kashmir Himalayas was analyzed by HPLC. A considerable degree of variation in picroside content was observed. Picroside I and II was highest in populations collected from Sonemarg followed by Tangmarg, suggesting that picroside accumulation is directly correlated with altitudinal change. More picroside I was found in the rhizome and roots of the Pulwama population as compared to Tangmarg samples, whereas the quantity of Picroside II was reduced in plants from Pulwama compared to the Tangmarg population, suggesting that cultivation of P. kurroa at lower altitude reduces the picroside content. The quantities of picrosides also varied spatially, being highest in rhizome followed by roots, inflorescence and leaves in the populations from all three locations. The study concludes that picroside I and II accumulation depends on altitude, which could help in the selection and collection of superior genotypes with uniform effects for utilization by the pharmaceutical industry.
Medicine, Jammu is dedicated to advance the knowledge and application of plant development in con... more Medicine, Jammu is dedicated to advance the knowledge and application of plant development in controlled environments. The overall objective of our research programs is to develop in vitro technologies for exploitation of tissue cultures for the plant based medicines and the conservation of High Altitude plant species of Medicinal Value while expanding our knowledge of plant growth and development
Plant regeneration. production and regulation of bioactive secondary metabolites by cell, tissue ... more Plant regeneration. production and regulation of bioactive secondary metabolites by cell, tissue and hairy root cultures, bioreactor cultivation for scaling up of cell ,tissue and organ cultures and study the biodiversity of Medicinal Aromatic Plants of NW Himalayas at molecular/chemical levels are the major areas of research. Some of the highlights of research include:
Bacopa monnieri (L.) Wettst. an emergent macrophyte, fast proliferating wetland species has attra... more Bacopa monnieri (L.) Wettst. an emergent macrophyte, fast proliferating wetland species has attracted considerable attention in recent years owing to its capability of absorbing toxic heavy metals from the aquatic environment. As such plant species having dual importance need to be conserved and propagated on priority basis. A protocol was developed for regeneration from encapsulated nodal segments collected from in vitro propagated shoots of Bacopa monnieri. The best gel composition was achieved using 2.5% sodium alginate and 100 mM CaCl 2 .2H 2 O. The maximum percentage response (86.67) for conservation of encapsulated nodal segments into plantlets was achieved on Murashige and Skoog's medium supplemented with 1.0 mg -1 BAP after 6-8 weeks. Well developed regenerated plantlets were hardened, acclimatized and established under net house conditions, where they grew well without any detectable variation. The regeneration ability of encapsulated nodal segments was affected by the concentration of sodium alginate and calcium chloride.
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