Papers by Daria Staroskolskaia
Evidently, a coat of arms is associated with an image, and heraldry is primarily a system of visu... more Evidently, a coat of arms is associated with an image, and heraldry is primarily a system of visual signs. However, not long after appearance of first coats of arms painted on shields, they started to be described by means of language and thus their verbal equivalent, blazon, appeared. Heraldic signs in a textual form easily found their way into contemporary narratives. The research of narrative heraldic sources started only in the early 20 th century, and studies of blazon are relatively few compared to the massive of works on heraldry. However, heraldic narrations can become a source of completely new data. Modern heraldic science addresses deeper anthropologic issues, and besides the arms themselves, it investigates the cultural and social aspects of their application. Visual sources are not always able to fulfill such needs. Thus, the research of heraldry in literature of different epochs is a promising direction, further forming our idea of coats of arms in historical context.
Evidently, a coat of arms is associated with an image, and heraldry is primarily a system of visu... more Evidently, a coat of arms is associated with an image, and heraldry is primarily a system of visual signs. However, not long after appearance of first coats of arms painted on shields, they started to be described by means of language and thus their verbal equivalent, blazon, appeared. Heraldic signs in a textual form easily found their way into contemporary narratives. The research of narrative heraldic sources started only in the early 20 th century, and studies of blazon are relatively few compared to the massive of works on heraldry. However, heraldic narrations can become a source of completely new data. Modern heraldic science addresses deeper anthropologic issues, and besides the arms themselves, it investigates the cultural and social aspects of their application. Visual sources are not always able to fulfill such needs. Thus, the research of heraldry in literature of different epochs is a promising direction, further forming our idea of coats of arms in historical context.
Staroskolskaia (Ryzhova), Daria "Modern Criticism of Earlier Heraldic Sources." ISTORIYA. 11.9 (95) (2020)., 2020
The main concern of the article is the reevaluation of significance and potential of earlier hera... more The main concern of the article is the reevaluation of significance and potential of earlier heraldic textual sources. In opposition to “classic” views of purposes and authorship of first armorials, narrative sources of non-heraldic character may change our ideas of heraldic environment of the 13th century. The fact that correct blazon can be found in a number of poems and romances can be interpreted as a proof that heraldic knowledge was available not only to heralds, as it is now widely accepted, but also to the poets who could use it for their literary goals. And what is of more importance it suggests that the audience was able to perceive the blazon in the text and probably it was their demand.
Heraldic Blazon in Tournoi de Chauvency, 1285, 2019
Tournoi de Chauvency is a unique source of 13th c. heraldry as it has a number of advantages over... more Tournoi de Chauvency is a unique source of 13th c. heraldry as it has a number of advantages over known rolls of arms. The text makes evident the collaboration of a wide range of people altogether working with heraldic information: a herald, a trouvere, a copyist, an illustrator all aware of the blazon. Another big advantage of Tournoi is that the blazons are accompanied by contemporary illustrations. Thus it
can be used to verify heraldic information received from other 13th c. sources both textual and illustrative.
One of the 13th century Rolls of Arms represent Simon de Montfort with two coats of arms. One is ... more One of the 13th century Rolls of Arms represent Simon de Montfort with two coats of arms. One is the family arms of the Montforts, while the other born on the banner, as suggested by some historians, is the mark of the office of Lord High Steward of England occupied by Simon. The article is an attempt to find the origins of the arms and the purpose why it was used by the Montfort family.
Chretien de Troyes is one of the key figures in the history of the Middle Ages. His romances has ... more Chretien de Troyes is one of the key figures in the history of the Middle Ages. His romances has significantly influenced the ideas of European nobility and set the standard for the newly formed chivalry. Despite the fantastic narrative, the environment, in which the characters are set, is a reflection of the reality contemporary to the author. Thus, five romances by Chretien de Troyes, created in the last third of the 12th c., become a convenient source of information on early heraldry.
Статья посвящена щитам как источнику геральдики. В центре исследования находится три типа испанск... more Статья посвящена щитам как источнику геральдики. В центре исследования находится три типа испанских щитов адарга, павеза и круглый щит. В эпоху феодализма, и в более поздний период гербы, девизы и монограммы, а также надписи, сообщавшие имя владельца, размещались на обеих сторонах щитов. Количество сохранившихся щитов невелико, большая часть из них не имеет гербов, или сильно повреждена, и сохранившиеся гербы в настоящее время атрибутированы быть не могут. Помимо гербов часто встречается цепь ордена Золотого руна, что объясняется тем, что представители высшей знати являлись членами данного ордена. В целом, щиты, сохранившиеся в музейных коллекциях на территории Испании, являются довольно скудным источником геральдики и требуют сопоставления с другими источниками, особенно нарративными. Учитывая небольшое количество щитов испанской знати, можно сказать, что как источник геральдики, они более ценны, чем другие источники, поскольку знать на портретах с гербовыми щитами не изображалась.
Heralds’ Roll of 1270-80 is significant with its contents, as apart from arms of European kings a... more Heralds’ Roll of 1270-80 is significant with its contents, as apart from arms of European kings and Edward’s Counts and household, there are arms of Queen Eleanor, her relatives, bishop Antony Beck, household of King of Scots, Saxon kings of England, knights of the Round table and two separate particular counties. However the collection of arms is not random. The analysis shows that arms in the armorial follow the life of Edward I and tell of his family, environment, activities and position. The Heralds’ Roll made most probably for the king himself or one of his relatives is not the only example of an armorial, made not only for the sake of heraldry.
A conquest of a kingdom often ends with capture of regalia. This was the fate of Welsh
regalia af... more A conquest of a kingdom often ends with capture of regalia. This was the fate of Welsh
regalia after it was finally annexed by Edward I in 1284. However the crown of Llywelyn on getting into Edwards
possession got a new history and new special meaning, which became a part of English policy against probable
revolts of the newly conquered part of the kingdom.
Rolls of Arms as first written heraldic sources appear only in 13th c. however the heraldry itsel... more Rolls of Arms as first written heraldic sources appear only in 13th c. however the heraldry itself as a system of identification signs is known to exist since a century ago. The earlier period of heraldic development coincides in time with the official ecclesiastic ban of tournaments. As the tournaments are considered the base for the development of heraldry, the article presents an attempt to find the influence of one fact over the other.
Article comprises a research of the early stages of development of French and AngloNorman
heraldi... more Article comprises a research of the early stages of development of French and AngloNorman
heraldic terminology and is based on one group of tinctures, which is
heraldic metals. ”Or” and ”argent” are the names of tinctures, that start to appear in
their heraldic meaning in the literature of mid-XII century and prove to be settled
terms already in the first available written rolls of arms. Analysis of frequency of
appearance of these two terms in written sources of different years tells us more
about time and process of appearance and settling of heraldic nomenclature.
Conference Presentations by Daria Staroskolskaia
ACTUAL ISSUES OF ENGLISH HERALDIC STUDIES (in Russian), 2019
England occupies a leading place in world heraldic studies due to the ancient heraldic tradition ... more England occupies a leading place in world heraldic studies due to the ancient heraldic tradition and vast historical sources. Nevertheless, in the past several decades there can be noted a significant lack of interest in historical heraldic problems on the part of English researchers. The article is a reflection on the prospects for development and the pressing problems of English heraldry.
The application of images on shields used to be a means of communication in ancient times and has... more The application of images on shields used to be a means of communication in ancient times and has undergone a long way of development to become a stable and formal system of European heraldry. Both visual and literary sources can be used to gain information on images placed on shields before heraldry appeared and tracing them from antiquity into the middle ages can reveal details of heraldry formation process.
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Papers by Daria Staroskolskaia
can be used to verify heraldic information received from other 13th c. sources both textual and illustrative.
regalia after it was finally annexed by Edward I in 1284. However the crown of Llywelyn on getting into Edwards
possession got a new history and new special meaning, which became a part of English policy against probable
revolts of the newly conquered part of the kingdom.
heraldic terminology and is based on one group of tinctures, which is
heraldic metals. ”Or” and ”argent” are the names of tinctures, that start to appear in
their heraldic meaning in the literature of mid-XII century and prove to be settled
terms already in the first available written rolls of arms. Analysis of frequency of
appearance of these two terms in written sources of different years tells us more
about time and process of appearance and settling of heraldic nomenclature.
Conference Presentations by Daria Staroskolskaia
can be used to verify heraldic information received from other 13th c. sources both textual and illustrative.
regalia after it was finally annexed by Edward I in 1284. However the crown of Llywelyn on getting into Edwards
possession got a new history and new special meaning, which became a part of English policy against probable
revolts of the newly conquered part of the kingdom.
heraldic terminology and is based on one group of tinctures, which is
heraldic metals. ”Or” and ”argent” are the names of tinctures, that start to appear in
their heraldic meaning in the literature of mid-XII century and prove to be settled
terms already in the first available written rolls of arms. Analysis of frequency of
appearance of these two terms in written sources of different years tells us more
about time and process of appearance and settling of heraldic nomenclature.