Journal of The Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 2002
The present experiment explored the effects of three variables on the spontaneous categorization ... more The present experiment explored the effects of three variables on the spontaneous categorization of stimuli in perceptually distinct and novel domains. Each of six stimulus domains was created by morphing two images that were the domain endpoints. The endpoints of the domains were male and female faces, two abstract drawings, a car and a truck, two banded-elevation satellite land images, a tree and a cat, and two false-color satellite images. The stimulus variants at each end of a domain defined two potential perceptual classes. Training was conducted in a matching-to-sample format and used stimuli from one or two domains, one or three variants per class as samples, and one or three variants per class as comparisons. The spontaneous categorization of stimuli in the untrained stimulus domains showed the emergence of a generalized categorization repertoire. The proportion of spontaneously categorized stimuli in the new domains was positively related to the number of domains and samples used in training, and was inversely related to the number of comparisons used in training. Differential reaction times demonstrated the discriminability of the stimuli in the emergent classes. This study is among the first to provide an empirical basis for a behavior-analytic model of the development of generalized categorization repertoires in natural settings.
Journal of The Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 2002
Multiple-exemplar training with stimuli in four domains induced two new fill-based (A1Ј and A2Ј) ... more Multiple-exemplar training with stimuli in four domains induced two new fill-based (A1Ј and A2Ј) and satellite-image-based (B1Ј and B2Ј) perceptual classes. Conditional discriminations were established between the endpoints of the A1Ј and B1Ј classes as well as the A2Ј and B2Ј classes. The emergence of linked perceptual classes was evaluated by the performances occasioned by nine crossclass probes that contained fill variants as samples and satellite variants as comparisons, along with nine other cross-class probes that consisted of satellite variants as samples and fill variants as comparisons. The 18 probes were first presented serially and then concurrently. Class-consistent responding indicated the emergence of linked perceptual classes. Of the linked perceptual classes, 70% emerged during the initial serial test. An additional 20% of the linked perceptual classes emerged during the subsequently presented concurrent test block. Thus, linked perceptual classes emerged on an immediate or delayed basis. Linked perceptual classes, then, share structural and functional similarities with equivalence classes, generalized equivalence classes, cross-modal classes, and complex naturally occurring categories, and may clarify processes such as intersensory perception.
PC-based games are currently being used for training, but the instructional and motivational feat... more PC-based games are currently being used for training, but the instructional and motivational features of such technology are not well understood. To identify features of training games that influence instruction and motivation, a popular first-personperspective game with an Army theme was analyzed empirically. Twenty-one participants played the "basic training" portion of the game, which included Army background information, virtual marksmanship training, an obstacle course, virtual weapons familiarization, and an urban terrain training mission. After playing the game, participants answered questions regarding information presented during the game and about motivational aspects of the game. Participants recalled procedures better than facts.
... Interestingly, our data indicate that approximately 6063% of men and 2847% of women play vi... more ... Interestingly, our data indicate that approximately 6063% of men and 2847% of women play videogames about once a month, with the variation due to the type of game. This about-once-a-month figure is more closely in line with ESA's figures. ...
Page 1. An Examination of the Role Individual Differences Play in VideogameBased Training Karin ... more Page 1. An Examination of the Role Individual Differences Play in VideogameBased Training Karin A. Orvis Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia Daniel B. Horn Booz Allen Hamilton, McLean, Virginia James Belanich ...
Journal of The Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 2002
The present experiment explored the effects of three variables on the spontaneous categorization ... more The present experiment explored the effects of three variables on the spontaneous categorization of stimuli in perceptually distinct and novel domains. Each of six stimulus domains was created by morphing two images that were the domain endpoints. The endpoints of the domains were male and female faces, two abstract drawings, a car and a truck, two banded-elevation satellite land images, a tree and a cat, and two false-color satellite images. The stimulus variants at each end of a domain defined two potential perceptual classes. Training was conducted in a matching-to-sample format and used stimuli from one or two domains, one or three variants per class as samples, and one or three variants per class as comparisons. The spontaneous categorization of stimuli in the untrained stimulus domains showed the emergence of a generalized categorization repertoire. The proportion of spontaneously categorized stimuli in the new domains was positively related to the number of domains and samples used in training, and was inversely related to the number of comparisons used in training. Differential reaction times demonstrated the discriminability of the stimuli in the emergent classes. This study is among the first to provide an empirical basis for a behavior-analytic model of the development of generalized categorization repertoires in natural settings.
Journal of The Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 2002
Multiple-exemplar training with stimuli in four domains induced two new fill-based (A1Ј and A2Ј) ... more Multiple-exemplar training with stimuli in four domains induced two new fill-based (A1Ј and A2Ј) and satellite-image-based (B1Ј and B2Ј) perceptual classes. Conditional discriminations were established between the endpoints of the A1Ј and B1Ј classes as well as the A2Ј and B2Ј classes. The emergence of linked perceptual classes was evaluated by the performances occasioned by nine crossclass probes that contained fill variants as samples and satellite variants as comparisons, along with nine other cross-class probes that consisted of satellite variants as samples and fill variants as comparisons. The 18 probes were first presented serially and then concurrently. Class-consistent responding indicated the emergence of linked perceptual classes. Of the linked perceptual classes, 70% emerged during the initial serial test. An additional 20% of the linked perceptual classes emerged during the subsequently presented concurrent test block. Thus, linked perceptual classes emerged on an immediate or delayed basis. Linked perceptual classes, then, share structural and functional similarities with equivalence classes, generalized equivalence classes, cross-modal classes, and complex naturally occurring categories, and may clarify processes such as intersensory perception.
PC-based games are currently being used for training, but the instructional and motivational feat... more PC-based games are currently being used for training, but the instructional and motivational features of such technology are not well understood. To identify features of training games that influence instruction and motivation, a popular first-personperspective game with an Army theme was analyzed empirically. Twenty-one participants played the "basic training" portion of the game, which included Army background information, virtual marksmanship training, an obstacle course, virtual weapons familiarization, and an urban terrain training mission. After playing the game, participants answered questions regarding information presented during the game and about motivational aspects of the game. Participants recalled procedures better than facts.
... Interestingly, our data indicate that approximately 6063% of men and 2847% of women play vi... more ... Interestingly, our data indicate that approximately 6063% of men and 2847% of women play videogames about once a month, with the variation due to the type of game. This about-once-a-month figure is more closely in line with ESA's figures. ...
Page 1. An Examination of the Role Individual Differences Play in VideogameBased Training Karin ... more Page 1. An Examination of the Role Individual Differences Play in VideogameBased Training Karin A. Orvis Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia Daniel B. Horn Booz Allen Hamilton, McLean, Virginia James Belanich ...
Uploads
Papers by James Belanich