Pengguna:Bennylin/Daftar Raja Babilonia

The following is a list of the kings of Babylonia (ancient southern-central Iraq), compiled from the traditional Babylonian king lists and modern archaeological findings.

The Babylonian King List

The Babylonian King List is not merely a list of kings of Babylon, but is a very specific ancient list of supposed Babylonian kings recorded in several ancient locations, and related to its predecessor, the Sumerian King List. As in the latter, contemporaneous dynasties are listed chronologically without comment.

There are three versions, one known as "King List A"^[1] (containing all the kings from the First Dynasty of Babylon to the Neo-Assyrian king Kandalanu) and "King List B"^[2] (containing only the two first dynasties) and "King List C"^[3] (containing the first seven kings of the Second Dynasty of Isin). A fourth version was written in Greek by Berossus. The "Babylonian King List of the Hellenistic Age" is a continuation that mentions all the Seleucid kings from Alexander the Great to Demetrius II Nicator.^[4]

Zaman Perunggu Pertengahan

Negara kota bangsa Amori awal

Raja-raja Larsa

List of the kings of Larsa (39th year of the reign of Hammurabi)

King Hammurabi of Babylon (right) (r. 1728–1686 BC) on his law code stele

Kekaisaran Babilonia (Middle Bronze Age)

Dinasti Babilonia Pertama, (Amorite Dynasty)

First Dynasty of Babylon (ca. (1830–1531 BC)

Sealand Dynasty (Dynasty II of Babylon)

These rulers may not have ruled Babylonia itself for more than the briefest of periods, but rather the formerly Sumerian regions south of it. Nevertheless, it is often traditionally numbered the Second Dynasty of Babylon, and so is listed here.

Early Kassite Monarchs

This dynasty also did not actually rule Babylon, but their numbering scheme was continued by later Kassite Kings of Babylon, and so they are listed here.

Late Bronze Age

Kassite Dynasty (Third Dynasty of Babylon)

King Meli-Shipak II (centre) (ca. 1186–1172 BC)

Iron Age

Dynasty IV of Babylon, from Isin

The name of the dynasty, BALA PA.ŠE, is a paronomasia on the term išinnu, “stalk,” written as PA.ŠE and is the only apparent reference to the actual city of Isin.^[5]

King Marduk-nadin-ahhe (r. 1100–1082 BC)

Dynasty V of Babylon

Known as the 2^nd Sealand Dynasty, the evidence that this was a Kassite Dynasty is rather tenuous.^[6]

Dynasty VI of Babylon

Known as the Bīt-Bazi Dynasty after the region from where this minor Kassite clan drew its ancestry.^[7]

Dynasty VII of Babylon

This was an Elamite Dynasty.

Dynasty VIII of Babylon

Dynasty IX of Babylon

King Nabu-apla-iddina (right) (r. 888–855 BC)

Dynasty X of Babylon (Assyrian)

King Marduk-apla-iddina II (left) (r. 722–710 BC)

Dynasty XI of Babylon (Neo-Babylonian or Chaldean Dynasty)

King Nebuchadnezzar II of Babylon (r. 605–562 BC)

Achaemenid Babylonia

In 539 BC, Babylon was captured by Cyrus II of Persia. His son was crowned one year later formally as King of Babylonia

Seleucid Babylonia

Babylon was captured by Alexander III of Macedon in 330 BC. It was captured by the Parthians in 141 BC.

References

^ BM 33332.
^ BM 38122.
^ The text is in a private collection and was published in: Arno Poebel (1955). "Second Dynasty of Isin According to a New King-List Tablet". Assyriological studies. University of Chicago Press (15).
^ Meissner, Bruno (1990). Reallexikon der Assyriologie. 6. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter. hlm. 90. ISBN 3110100517.
^ J. A. Brinkman (1999). Dietz Otto Edzard, ed. Reallexikon Der Assyriologie Und Vorderasiatischen Archaologie: Ia – Kizzuwatna. 5. Walter De Gruyter. hlm. 183—184.
^ Bruno Meissner (1999). Dietz Otto Edzard, ed. Reallexikon Der Assyriologie Und Vorderasiatischen Archaologie: Meek - Mythologie. Walter De Gruyter. hlm. 8. “The Kassite name of Simbar-Šipak, the Kassite derived theothoric element (^dKaššû = “the Kassite (god)”) in the name of the third king, and the tribal affiliation of the second monarch could suggest that this dynasty represented a revival of Kassite power following the native Babylonian rulers of the Second Dynasty of Isin; but the evidence at present must be regarded as tenuous.”
^ J. A. Brinkman (1982). "Babylonia, c. 1000 – 748 B.C.". Dalam John Boardman, I. E. S. Edwards, N. G. L. Hammond, E. Sollberger. The Cambridge Ancient History (Volume 3, Part 1). Cambridge University Press. hlm. 296–297.

[1] BM 33332.

[2] BM 38122.

[3] The text is in a private collection and was published in: Arno Poebel (1955). "Second Dynasty of Isin According to a New King-List Tablet". Assyriological studies. University of Chicago Press (15).

[4] Meissner, Bruno (1990). Reallexikon der Assyriologie. 6. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter. hlm. 90. ISBN 3110100517.

[5] J. A. Brinkman (1999). Dietz Otto Edzard, ed. Reallexikon Der Assyriologie Und Vorderasiatischen Archaologie: Ia – Kizzuwatna. 5. Walter De Gruyter. hlm. 183—184.

[6] Bruno Meissner (1999). Dietz Otto Edzard, ed. Reallexikon Der Assyriologie Und Vorderasiatischen Archaologie: Meek - Mythologie. Walter De Gruyter. hlm. 8. “The Kassite name of Simbar-Šipak, the Kassite derived theothoric element (^dKaššû = “the Kassite (god)”) in the name of the third king, and the tribal affiliation of the second monarch could suggest that this dynasty represented a revival of Kassite power following the native Babylonian rulers of the Second Dynasty of Isin; but the evidence at present must be regarded as tenuous.”

[7] J. A. Brinkman (1982). "Babylonia, c. 1000 – 748 B.C.". Dalam John Boardman, I. E. S. Edwards, N. G. L. Hammond, E. Sollberger. The Cambridge Ancient History (Volume 3, Part 1). Cambridge University Press. hlm. 296–297.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

Penguasa	Bertakhta	Catatan
Naplanum	ca. 1961–1940 BC	Sezaman dengan Ibbi-Suen dari Ur III
Emisum	ca. 1940–1912 BC
Samium	ca. 1912–1877 BC
Zabaia	ca. 1877–1868 BC	Anak Samium
Gungunum	ca. 1868–1841 BC	Merdeka dari Isin
Abisare	ca. 1841–1830 BC
Sumuel	ca. 1830–1801 BC
Nur-Adad	ca. 1801–1785 BC	Sezaman dengan Sumu-la-El dari Babilonia
Sin-Iddinam	ca. 1785–1778 BC	Anak Nur-Adad
Sin-Eribam	ca. 1778–1776 BC
Sin-Iqisham	ca. 1776–1771 BC	Sezaman dengan Zambiya dari Isin, Anak Sin-Eribam
Silli-Adad	ca. 1771–1770 BC
Warad-Sin	ca. 1770–1758 BC	Anak Kudur-Mabuk
Rim-Sin I	ca. 1758–1699 BC	Sezaman dengan Irdanene dari Uruk, dikalahkan oleh Hammurabi, saudara Warad-Sin
Hammurabi	ca. 1699–1686 BC	Penguasa resmi Babilonia, Kodeks Hammurabi
Samsu-iluna	ca. 1686–1678 BC	Penguasa resmi Babilonia
Rim-Sin II	ca. 1678–1674 BC	Dibunuh karena memberontak terhadap Babilonia

Ruler	Reigned	Comments
Sumu-abum or Su-abu	ca. 1830–1817 BC	Amorite chieftain, founder of independent Babylonian State, Contemporary of Erishum I of Assyria
Sumu-la-El	ca. 1817–1781 BC	Contemporary of Ikunum of Assyria
Sabium or Sabum	ca. 1781–1767 BC	Son of Sumu-la-El
Apil-Sin	ca. 1767–1749 BC	Son of Sabium
Sin-muballit	ca. 1748–1729 BC	Son of Apil-Sin
Hammurabi	ca. 1728–1686 BC	Mendirikan Kekaisaran Babilonia. Contemporary of Zimri-Lim of Mari, Siwe-palar-huppak of Elam and Shamshi-Adad I of Assyria
Samsu-iluna	ca. 1686–1648 BC	Son of Hammurabi
Abi-eshuh or Abieshu	ca. 1648–1620 BC	Son of Samsu-iluna
Ammi-ditana	ca. 1620–1583 BC	Son of Abi-eshuh
Ammi-saduqa or Ammisaduqa	ca. 1582–1562 BC	Venus tablet of Ammisaduqa
Samsu-Ditana	ca. 1562–1531 BC	Deposed by Hitite king Mursilis in the Sack of Babylon. Last Amorite ruler.

Ruler	Reigned	Comments
Ilum-ma-ili	fl. ca. 1732 BC	Contemporary of Samsu-iluna and Abi-ešuh
Itti-ili-nibi
Damqi-ilishu		His city walls for Der demolished by Ammi-Ditana
Ishkibal
Shushushi
Gulkishar
^mDIŠ+U-EN		Contemporary of LIK.KUD-Šamaš (Assyria)
Peshgaldaramesh
Ayadaragalama		May have ruled briefly over Babylon
Akurduana
Melamkurkurra
Ea-gamil	fl. ca. 1460 BC	Overthrown by Kassite Ulam Buriaš

Ruler	Reigned	Comments
Gandaš	fl. ca. 1730 BC
Agum I		Known as Maḫrû, "the first," or rabi, "the great."
Kaštiliašu I		Son of Agum I *according to the Agum-Kakrime Inscription
Abi-Rattaš		Son of Kaštiliašu I ; may occupy fifth place, then Ušši* or Uššiašu may come here
Kaštiliašu II
Ur-zigurumaš		Descendant of Abi-Rattaš ; alternative reading Tazzigurumaš*
Ḫurbazum		Tell Muḥammed level 3, alternatively Ḫarba-Šipak/Šihu
Šipta’ulzi		Tell Muḥammed level 2, alternatively Tiptakzi

Ruler	Reigned	Comments
Agum II or Agum-Kakrime	ca. 1507 BC
Burnaburiash I		Treaty with Puzur-Ashur III of Assyria
Kashtiliash III
Ulamburiash		Conquers the first Sealand dynasty
Agum III
Karaindash		Contemporary of Amenophis III of Egypt
Kadashman-harbe I
Kurigalzu I
Kadashman-Enlil I	ca. 1374–1360 BC	Contemporary of Amenophis III of the Egyptian Amarna letters
Burnaburiash II	ca. 1359–1333 BC	Contemporary of Akhenaten and Ashur-uballit I
Kara-hardash	ca. 1333 BC	Grandson of Ashur-uballit I of Assyria
Nazi-Bugash or Shuzigash	ca. 1333 BC	Deposed by Ashur-uballit I of Assyria
Kurigalzu II	ca. 1332–1308 BC	Son of Burnaburiash II, Fought Battle of Sugagi with Enlil-nirari of Assyria
Nazi-Maruttash	ca. 1307–1282 BC	Contemporary of Adad-nirari I of Assyria
Kadashman-Turgu	ca. 1281–1264 BC	Contemporary of Hattusili III of the Hittites
Kadashman-Enlil II	ca. 1263–1255 BC	Contemporary of Hattusili III of the Hittites
Kudur-Enlil	ca. 1254–1246 BC
Shagarakti-Shuriash	ca. 1245–1233 BC	Son of Kudur-Enlil
Kashtiliashu IV	ca. 1232–1225 BC	Deposed by Tukulti-Ninurta I of Assyria
Enlil-nadin-shumi	ca. 1224 BC	Assyria installed governor under Tukulti-Ninurta I
Kadashman-Harbe II	ca. 1223 BC	Assyria installed governor under Tukulti-Ninurta I
Adad-shuma-iddina	ca. 1222–1217 BC	Assyria installed governor under Tukulti-Ninurta I
Adad-shuma-usur	ca. 1216–1187 BC	Contemporary of Ashur-nirari III of Assyria
Meli-Shipak II	ca. 1186–1172 BC
Marduk-apla-iddina I	ca. 1171–1159 BC
Zababa-shuma-iddin	ca. 1158 BC
Enlil-nadin-ahi	ca. 1157–1155 BC	Deposed by Shutruk-Nahhunte of Elam, ending the Kassite Dynasty

Ruler	Reigned	Comments
Marduk-kabit-ahheshu	ca. 1155–1140 BC	Founded first native Mesopotamian Dynasty in Babylon
Itti-Marduk-balatu	ca. 1140–1132 BC
Ninurta-nadin-shumi	ca. 1132–1126 BC
Nabu-kudurri-usur (Nebuchadnezzar I)	ca. 1126–1103 BC	Contemporary and rival of Ashur-resh-ishi I of Assyria
Enlil-nadin-apli	ca. 1103–1100 BC	Fought with Tiglath-Pileser I of Assyria
Marduk-nadin-ahhe	ca. 1100–1082 BC	Fought with Tiglath-Pileser I of Assyria
Marduk-shapik-zeri	ca. 1082–1069 BC	Entente cordial with Aššur-bêl-kala of Assyria
Adad-apla-iddina	ca. 1069–1046 BC	Married daughter to Aššur-bêl-kala of Assyria
Marduk-ahhe-eriba	ca. 1046 BC
Marduk-zer-X	ca. 1046–1033 BC
Nabu-shum-libur	ca. 1033–1025 BC	Dynasty ends with incursions of the Arameans

Ruler	Reigned	Comments
Simbar-shipak	ca. 1025–1008 BC	Deposed native dynasty, assassinated by his successor
Ea-mukin-zeri	ca. 1008 BC	Usurper
Kashshu-nadin-ahi	ca. 1008–1004 BC	Distressed times and famine

Ruler	Reigned	Comments
Eulmash-shakin-shumi	ca. 1004 – 987 BC	Founded Bīt-Bazi dynasty
Ninurta-kudurri-usur I	ca. 987 – 985 BC
Shirikti-shuqamuna	ca. 985 BC

Ruler	Reigned	Comments
Ninurta-kudurri-usur II	ca. 943 BC	Succeeded his father Nabu-mukin-apli
Mar-biti-ahhe-iddina	ca. 943 – 920 BC	Contemporary of Ashur-Dan II of Assyria
Shamash-mudammiq	ca. 920 – 900 BC	Lost territory to Adad-nirari II of Assyria
Nabu-shuma-ukin I	ca. 900 – 888 BC	Gained territory from Adad-nirari II of Assyria
Nabu-apla-iddina	ca. 888 – 855 BC
Marduk-zakir-shumi I	ca. 855 – 819 BC	Subjugated by Shalmaneser III of Assyria
Marduk-balassu-iqbi	ca. 819 – 813 BC	Subjugated by Shalmaneser III of Assyria
Baba-aha-iddina	ca. 813 – 811 BC	Subjugated by Adad-nirari III of Assyria
5 kings	ca. 811 – 800 BC	Subjugated by Adad-nirari III of Assyria
Ninurta-apla-X	ca. 800 – 790 BC	Freed Babylonia from Assyrian influence
Marduk-bel-zeri	ca. 790 – 780 BC
Marduk-apla-usur	ca. 780 – 769 BC
Eriba-Marduk	ca. 769 – 761 BC
Nabu-shuma-ishkun	ca. 761 – 748 BC
From this point on, the Babylonian chronology is securely known via Ptolemy's Canon of Kings and other sources.
Nabu-nasir (Nabonassar)	748 – 734 BC	Subjugated by Tiglath-Pileser III of Assyria
Nabu-nadin-zeri	734 – 732 BC
Nabu-suma-ukin II	732 BC