LAMPIRAN B

PERHITUNGAN NERACA ENERGI

Perhitungan neraca energi pada Prarancangan Pabrik Resin Fenol

Formaldehid Menggunakan Proses Novolak sebagai berikut:
Basis perhitungan : 1 jam operasi
Satuan perhitungan : kJ/jam
Temperatur referensi (Treff) : 25oC
Kapasitas : 35.000 kg/jam
Jumlah panas masuk dan jumlah panas keluar suatu peralatan dapat
dihitung dengan persamaan:
Q = n.Cp.ΔT
Dimana:
Q : Panas yang dihasilkan/dikeluarkan (kJ)
Cp : Kapasitas panas (kJ/kmol.K)
n : Mol senyawa (kmol)
T0 : Temperatur referensi (25℃ )
T : Temperatur senyawa (℃ )
Adapun rumus yang digunakan untuk menghitung kapasitas panas suatu
senyawa adalah:
T
C P ∆ T =∫ C P dT ................................................................................... (1.1)
T0

T
C P cairan=∫ [ A+ BT +CT + DT ] dt ................................................. (1.2)
2 3

T0

B 2 C 3 D 4
¿ A ( T −T 0 ) +
2
( T −T 0 ) + ( T −T 0 ) + ( T −T 0 )
2
3
3
4
4

Keterangan :
Cp = Kapasitas panas (J/mol oK)
A,B,C,D,E = Konstan
Tref = Temperatur referensi (298,15 oK)
T = Temperatur operasi (oK), (Smith Van Ness, 1975)
Tabel B.1 Kapasitas Panas cair, CP (l) = A + BT + CT2 + DT3 (J/mol.K)
Komponen A B C D
C6H5OH 4,408 3,6338 × 10-1 -6,0417 × 10-5 -1,2794 × 10-7
HCOH 34,428 -2,9779 × 10-2 1,5104 × 10-4 -1,2733 × 10-7
H2SO4 26,004 0,70337 0,0013856 1,03 × 10-6
C7H8O -55,124 8,2278 × 10-1 -0,0002110 3,7503 × 10-7
H2O 92,053 -0,03995 -7,6384 10-4 3,7503 × 10-5
Sumber : Carl L. Yaws, 1999.

B.1 Perhitungan Neraca Energi Pada Heat Exchanger (E-100)

Heat Exchanger (E-100) Berfungsi untuk memanaskan phenol dan
formaldehida.

30 ºC
226°C

95°C

242℃

Gambar B.1 Heat Exchanger (E-100)

B.1.1 Menghitung panas bahan masuk Heat Exchanger (ΔH1)

Tin = 30 ºC = 303,15 K
Treff = 25 ºC = 298,15 K

(∫ )
303,15 K
Q¿ =ΣNi x Cp. dT ...................................................... (1.3)
298,15 K

(Smith Van Ness, 1975)

Tabel B.2 Panas Aliran Masuk Heat Exchanger (E-100)
303,15 K
N
Komponen
(kmol/jam) ∫ Cp . Δ T (k /Kmol . K) Qin (Kj/jam)
298,15 K

C6H5OH 36.3255 520.9956 18,925.4257

HCOH 35.599 12,424.3697 442,295.1360
H2O 60.962 377.322,6449 22.999,8394
Total 484.220,4011

B.1.2 Menghitung panas bahan keluar Heat Exchanger(ΔH2)

Tout = 95 oC = 368,15 oK
Tref = 25oC = 298,15 oK

(∫ )
368,15 K
Q¿ =ΣNi x Cp. dT ........................................................ (1.4)
298,15 K

Tabel B.3 Panas Aliran Keluar Heat Exchanger (HE-100)

368,15 K
N
Komponen
(kmol/jam) ∫ Cp . Δ T (k /Kmol . K) Qout (Kj/jam)
298,15 K

C6H5OH 36.3255 7.939,5497 288.408,1113

HCOH 35.5990 9.895,0595 90.040,9122
H2O 60.9620 5.263,0419 320.845,5611
Total 699.294,5846
B.1.3 Menghitung panas yang diberikan oleh steam (Q)
Panas masuk = panas keluar
ΔH1+ Q = ΔH2 + Qloss ................................................. (1.5)
ΔH1+ Q = ΔH2 + 0,2% (ΔH1 + Q)
Q = ΔH2 + 0,002 ΔH1 + 0,002 Q – ΔH1
0,998 Q – 0,002 Q = ΔH2 – (0,998 ΔH1)
0,998 Q = 699.294,5611 – (0,998 × 484.220,4011)
0,998 Q = 216.042,6243
Q = 216.042,6243/ 0,998
Q = 216.475,7575 kJ/jam
B.1.4 Menghitung Kebutuhan Steam Pemanas (M)
ΔH1 + ΔH steam = ΔH2 ..................................................................... (1.6)
ΔH steam (Kj/Jam) = ΔH2 - ΔH1
ΔH steam (Kj/Jam) = 699.294,5611 – 484.220,4011
= 215.074,1835
B.1.5 Menghitung Panas Yang Hilang (Qloss)
Diasumsikan panas yang hilang sebesar 0,2 % dari jumlah panas masuk :
Qloss = 0,2 % ( ΔH1 + Q ) ................................................. (1.7)
Qloss = 0,002 (484.220,4011 kJ/jam + 699.294,5611 kJ/jam)
Qloss = 36.102,6638 kJ/jam
B.1.6 Menghitung Steam Masuk dan Keluar (Qsin dan Qsout)
T = 300 oC
P = 1 atm
Hliquid = 1344,8 kJ/Kg
Hvapor = 2749,6 kJ/Kg, (Apendix,Tabel Saturated Heat)
λ steam = Hvapor - Hliquid .......................................................... (1.8)
=2749,6 kJ/Kg - 1344,8 kJ/Kg
= 1.404,8000 kJ/Kg
Massa Steam = ΔH steam / λ steam ...................................................(1.9)
= 215.074,1835 kJ /Jam / 1.404,8000 kJ/Kg
= 153,0995 Kg/Jam
Qs in = Massa Steam x Hvapor ........................................... (1.10)
= 153,0995 Kg/Jam x2749,6 kJ/Kg
= 420.962,3968 kJ/Jam
Qs out = Massa Steam x Hliquid ........................................... (1.11)
= 153,0995 Kg/Jam x 1344,8 kJ/Kg
= 205,888.2133 kJ/Jam
Tabel B.4 Neraca Energi Total pada Heat Exchanger (HE-100)
Komponen Masuk Keluar
ΔH1 484220.4011 -
ΔH2 - 699294.5846
Qsin 420962.3968 -
 Qsout - 205888.2133
Total 905182.7979 905182.7979
B.2 Perhitungan Neraca Energi pada Reaktor (R-100)

95 ºC
126,7 ºC

Gambar B.2 Reaktor (R-100)

Kondisi operasi
Tin = 95 ºC = 368,15 K
Tout = 126,7 ºC = 368,15 K
Treff = 25ºC = 298,15 K
Tekanan = 1 atm
Dalam menghitung neraca energi di reaktor digunakan langkah perhitungan
seperti pada gambar berikut :

∆H Total T out = 126,7oC

T in = 95 oC

∆HR 298,15
∆HF

B.2.1 Menghitung panas bahan masuk Reaktor (ΔH1)A

Tin = 95 ºC = 368,15 K
Treff = 25 ºC = 298,15 K

(∫ )
368,15 K
Q¿ =ΣNi x Cp. dT ....................................................... (1.12)
298,15 K
 (Smith Van Ness, 1975)

Tabel B.5 Perhitungan Panas Masuk pada Reaktor (R-100)

368,15 K
N
Komponen
(kmol/jam) ∫ Cp . ΔT (¿ Kmol . K ) Qin (kJ/jam)
298,15 K

C6H5OH 36,3255 7.976,8389 289.762,7409

HCOH 35,5990 12.584,0263 91.135,9559
H2O 0,5263 5.266,7519 2.771,8915
H2SO4 27,7911 31,723,2540 881.624,1255
Total 1.265.294,7539

B.2.2 Menghitung panas bahan keluar Reaktor (ΔH2)

Tout = 126,7 oC = 399,85 oK
Tref = 25oC = 298,15 oK

(∫ )
399,85 K
Qout =ΣNi x Cp . dT ..................................................... (1.13)
298,15 K

(Smith Van Ness, 1975)

Tabel B.6 Perhitungan Panas Keluar pada Reaktor (R-100)
399,85 K
N
Komponen
(kmol/jam) ∫ Cp . ΔT (¿ Kmol . K ) Qout (Kj/jam)
298,15 K

C6H5OH 0,7265 12.027,3162 8.737,8452

C7H8O 35,5990 15.724,0200 559.759,3878
H2SO4 25,7911 49.441,9787 1.275.163,0177
H2O 61,5077 7.673,6152 471.986,4213
Total 2.315.646,6720

B.2.3 Menghitung Panas Reaksi

Reaksi: C6H5OH + HCOH → C7H8O2 ..................................................... (1.14)
a. Menghitung Entalpi Pada Keadaan Standar (∆ H R (298,15 K ) ¿
Data ∆ H f masing-masing komponen pada keadaan standar (298,15 oK)
dapat dilihat pada tabel B.7
Tabel B.7 Data ΔHf Masing-Masing Komponen
Komponen ΔHf (kJ/kmol)
C6H5OH -115,9000
HCOH -96,3600
H2SO4 -730,1700
C7H8O -240,5600
H2O -242,1850

Panas pembentukan standar masing-masing komponen pada suhu 298,15 oK

∆ H R (25 ℃) = ∆ H f (produk )- ∆ H f (reaktan ) ..................................... (1.15)
= (3 (-240,5600) – ((-115,9000 + 3 (-96,3600))
= -316,7000 kJ/Kmol
Karena ∆ H R (25 ℃) bernilai negatif maka dapat nyatakan bahwa reaksi bersifat
Eksotermis.
c. Menghitung panas yang diserap (Qcw)
Qin – Qout + Qreaksi – Qkon = Qacc .......................................................... (1.16)
Qin – Qout + Qreaksi – Qkon =0
Q cw = Qin – Qout + Qreaksi
=1.265.294 –2.315.646,6720 + (-3.16.700,0000)
= -1.367.051,9181 kJ/jam
Mengitung Air Pendingin yang Digunakan

Sebagai pendingin digunakan Dowtherm A pada

Suhu masuk = 95°C = 368,15 K

Suhu keluar = 126,7 oC = 399,85 K

Cp Dowtherm A = 4,213 kJ/kg.K

CpdT Dowtherm A = 4,213 kJ/kg.K x (368,15 - 399,85) K

 = 133,5521 kJ/kg

Q
m =
CpdT

-1.367.051 ,918
=
−133,5521

= 10.236,0945 Kg/jam
Tabel B.8 Neraca Energi Total pada Reaktor
PANAS MASUK PANAS KELUAR
KOMPONEN (kJ/Jam) (kJ/Jam)
Phenol 289.762,7409 8.737,8452
Formaldehida 91.135,9959
Air 2.771,8915 559.759,3878
Asam Sulfat 881.624,1255 1275163.0177
Novolak Resin 471.986,4213
QReaksi -316.700.0000
Qserap -1.367.051,9181
Total 948.594,7539 948.594,7539
Tabel B.8 Hasil Perhitungan Neraca Energi Total Reaktor (R-100)

B.3 Perhitungan Neraca Energi Pada Heat Exchanger (HE-102)

Heat Exchager (HE-102) Berfungsi untuk memanaskan phenol, asam
sulfat,produk dan air sebelum direcycle.

274,8 ºC 95°C

95,11°C

123,2 C

Gambar B.3 Heat exchanger (HE-102)

B.3.1 Menghitung panas bahan masuk Heat Exchnger (ΔH1)

Tin =274,8 ºC = 547,95 K
Treff = 25 ºC = 298,15 K

(∫ )
547,95 K
Q¿ =ΣNi x Cp. dT ...................................................... (1.17)
298,15 K

(Smith Van Ness, 1975)

Tabel B.9 Panas Aliran Masuk Heat Exchanger (E-102)
547,15 K
N
Komponen
(kmol/jam) ∫ Cp . Δ T (k /Kmol . K) Qin (Kj/jam)
298,15 K

C7H8O 35,5990 45796.6494 1630314.9237

H2SO4 25,7911 165952.5290 4612003.3280
Total 6,242,318.2517

B.3.2 Menghitung panas bahan keluar Heat Exchanger (ΔH2)

Tout = 95,11oC = 368,26 oK
Tref = 25oC = 298,15 oK

(∫ )
368,26 K
Qout =ΣNi x Cp . dT ..................................................... (1.18)
298,15 K

Tabel B.10 Panas Aliran Keluar Heat Exchanger (E-102)

368,26 K
N
Komponen
(kmol/jam) ∫ Cp. Δ T (k /Kmol . K) Qin (Kj/jam)
298,15 K

C7H8O 35.5990 10384.6058 369681.5811

H2SO4 25.7911 31815.0179 820544.3094
Total 1190225.8905

B.3.3 Menghitung panas yang diberikan oleh steam (Q)

Panas masuk = panas keluar
ΔH1+ Q = ΔH2 + Qloss ............................................... (1.19)
ΔH1+ Q = ΔH2 + 1E-05 % (ΔH1 + Q)
Q = ΔH2 + 1E-07 ΔH1 + 1E-07 Q – ΔH1
0,9999999 Q – 1E-07 Q = ΔH2 – (0,9999999 ΔH1)
0,9999999 Q = 1190225,805 – (0,9999999 x 6.242.318,2517)
0,9999999 Q = -5.039.607,7247
Q = -5.039.607,7247/ 0,9999999
Q = -5049707,1390 kJ/jam
B.3.4 Menghitung Kebutuhan Steam Pemanas (M)
ΔH1 + ΔH steam = ΔH2 ................................................................... (1.20)
ΔH steam (Kj/Jam) = ΔH2 - ΔH1
ΔH steam (Kj/Jam) = 1190225,805 – 6.242.318,2517
= -5052092,3612
B.3.5 Menghitung Panas Yang Hilang (Qloss)
Diasumsikan panas yang hilang sebesar 0,2 % dari jumlah panas masuk :
Qloss = 0,002% ( ΔH1 + Q) ............................................. (1.21)
Qloss = 0,002 (6.242.318,2517 kJ/jam + -5049707,1390kJ/jam)
Qloss =2385,2222 kJ/jam
B.3.6 Menghitung Steam Masuk dan Keluar (Qsin dan Qsout)
T =300 oC
P = 1 atm
Hliquid = 1344,8 kJ/Kg
Hvapor = 2749,6 kJ/Kg, (Apendix,Tabel Saturated Heat)
λ steam = Hvapor - Hliquid ........................................................ (1.22)
= 2749,6 kJ/Kg – 1344,8 kJ/Kg
= 1.404.8000 kJ/Kg
Massa Steam = ΔH steam / λ steam .................................................(1.23)
= -5052092,3612 kJ /Jam / 1.404.8000 kJ/Kg
= -3596.3072 Kg/Jam
Qs in = Massa Steam x Hvapor ........................................... (1.24)
= -3596.3072 Kg/Jam x 2749,6 kJ/Kg
= 9888406,2901 kJ/Jam
Qs out = Massa Steam x Hliquid ........................................... (1.25)
=-3596.3072Kg/Jam x 1344,8 kJ/Kg
= -4836313.9289 kJ/Jam
Tabel B.11 Neraca Energi Total pada Heat Exchanger (E-102)
Komponen Masuk Keluar
 ΔH1 6242318.2517 -
ΔH2 - 1190225.8905
Qsin -9888406.2901 -
Qsout - -4836313.9289
Total -3.646.088,0384 -3.646.088,0384
B.4 Perhitungan Neraca Energi Pada Distilasi (D-101)
Fungsi : Memisahkan antara air, phenol, phenol formaldehid resin dan
asam sulfat berdasarkan perbedaan titik didih.

99,94˚C

26˚C

99,9˚C

122,9˚C
300˚C

200˚C

244,7˚C

Gambar B.4 Distilasi (D-101)

B.4.1 Menghitung panas bahan masuk Distilasi (ΔH1)

Tin = 122,9˚C = 396,05 oK
Tref = 25 ˚C = 298,15 oK

(∫ )
396,05 K
Q¿ =ΣNi x Cp. dT ..................................................... (1.26)
298,15 K

(Smith Van Ness, 1975)

Persamaan yang digunakan :
T2
B C D E
∫ CpdT= A(T-Treff) + 2 (T2-Treff2) + (T3-Treff3) + (T4-Treff4) + (T5-Treff5)
3 4 5
Treff

Tabel B.12 Perhitungan Panas Umpan Distilasi (D-103)

 396,05 K

Komponen N(kmol/jam) ∫ Cp . ΔT (¿ Kmol . K ) Qin (Kj/jam)

298,15 K

C6H5OH 0.7265 11528.0569 8,375.13

H2SO4 27.7911 47199.0122 1,311,712.469
H2O 61.5077 7383.0793 454,116.226
C7H8O 35.5990 15059.1310 536,090.005
Total 2.310.293,8324
B.4.2 Menghitung panas bahan keluar Distilasi Up (ΔH2)
Tout = 99,94 ˚C = 373,09 oK
Tref = 25 ˚C = 298,15 oK

(∫ )
373,09 K
Qout =ΣNi x Cp . dT ………………………………….. (1.27)
298,15 K

Tabel B.13 Perhitungan Panas Bahan Keluar pada Distilasi Up (T-101)

372,93 K
N
Komponen
(kmol/jam) ∫ Cp . ΔT (¿ Kmol . K ) Qout (Kj/jam)
298,15 K

C6H5OH 0.7265 8.590,7400 6.241,1726

H2O 61.5077 5.639,7246 346.886,4865
Total 353.127,6591

B.4.3 Menghitung panas bahan keluar Distilasi Bottom (ΔH3)

Tout = 244,7˚C = 517,85 oK
Tref = 25 ˚C = 298,15 oK

(∫ )
517,85 K
Qout =ΣNi x Cp . dT …………………………….……. (1.28)
298,15 K

Tabel B.14 Perhitungan Panas Bahan Keluar pada Distilasi Bottom (T-101)
528,95 K

Komponen N(kmol/jam) ∫ Cp . ΔT (¿ Kmol . K ) Qout (Kj/jam)

298,15 K

C6H5OH 0.7265 29230.54301 21235.9895

C7H8O 27.7911 39032.6457 1389523.154
H2SO4 35.5990 53291.46868 1481028.535
Total 2.891.787,6790

B.4.4 Menghitung Kebutuhan Air Pendingin di Kondensor

Panas Masuk Kondensor : 99.94ºC = 373,09 K
Tabel B.15 Panas Masuk Kondensor
372,93 K
N
Komponen
(kmol/jam) ∫ Cp . ΔT (¿ Kmol . K ) Qout (Kj/jam)
298,15 K

C6H5OH 0.7265 8.590,7400 6.241,1726

H2O 61.5077 5.639,7246 346.886,4865
Total 353.127,6591

Panas Kondensor = QLaten – Qdestilat + QRefluks

= 2310293.8324 – 353127,6591 + 2.891.787,6790
= 4.848.953,8524 KJ/jam
Sebagai pendingin digunakan Dowtherm A pada

Suhu masuk = 26°C = 299,15 K

Suhu keluar = 220 oC = 493,15 K

Cp Dowtherm A = 4,179 kJ/kg.K

CpdT Dowtherm A = 4,179 kJ/kg.K x (493,15-299,15) K

= 810,7260 kJ/kg

Q
m =
CpdT

4.848.953 ,8524
=
810,7260

= 5.981,0020 Kg/jam

B.4.5 Menghitung Beban Pemanas Reboiler

Panas yang dibawa cairan hasil aliran bawah : 244,7oC = 517,85 K
Tabel B.16 Panas cairan hasil aliran bawah
528,95 K

Komponen N(kmol/jam) ∫ Cp . ΔT (¿ Kmol . K ) Qout (Kj/jam)

298,15 K

C6H5OH 0.7265 29230.54301 21235.9895

C7H8O 27.7911 39032.6457 1389523.154
 H2SO4 35.5990 53291.46868 1481028.535
Total 2.891.787,6790

Panas Reboiler = QTop + QBottom + Qkondensor – Qumpan

=34.338,7485+2.891.787,6790+4.848.953,8524+2310293.8324
= 5.783.575,3580 KJ/jam

Neraca energi total:

Q total masuk = Q total keluar + Q serap ………………….……. (1.29)
Q serap = Q total masuk - Q total keluar
Q serap = 2310293.8324 – (34.338,7485 +2.891.787,6790)
= -934.621,5057 kJ/jam
Steam yang digunakan adalah saturated steam bersuhu 300oC.
Diketahui : Hl = 1344,8 kJ/kg
Hv = 2.749,6 kJ/kg (Reaklatis)
Q reboiler = QBottom + Qdestilat + Qkondensor – Qumpan
= 5.103.277,7867 KJ/jam kJ/jam
λ = Hv – Hl
= 1404,8 kJ/kg
Maka jumlah steam yang dibutuhkan :
Q
m =
λ
5.103.277,7867 kJ/jam
=
1404 ,8 kJ/kg
= 3.632,7433 kg/jam
Tabel B.17 Hasil Perhitungan Neraca Energi Total Pada Distilasi (D-101)
Komponen Masuk Keluar

Panas Masuk Distilasi 2310293.8324

Panas Distilat 353127.6591
Panas Bottom 2891787.6790
Panas Kondensor 4848953.8524
Panas Reboiler 5783575.3580
Total 8.093.869,1905 8.093.869,1905
B.5 Perhitungan Neraca Energi Pada Distilasi (D-003)
Fungsi : Memisahkan antara phenol,asam sulfat dan air berdasarkan
perbedaan titik didih.

26 oC

220 oC
258,7 oC
226 oC
300oC

276oC
275 oC

Gambar B.9 Distilasi (D-003)

B.5.1 Menghitung panas bahan masuk Distilasi (ΔH1)
Tin = 258,7 oC = 531,85 oK
Tref = 25oC = 298,15 oK

(∫ )
531,85 K
Q¿ =ΣNi x Cp. dT ....................................................... (1.30)
298,15 K

(Smith Van Ness, 1975)

Tabel B.18 Perhitungan Panas Bahan Masuk pada Distilasi II (T-103)
532,75 K

Komponen N (kmol/jam) ∫ Cp . ΔT (kJ / Kmol. K ) Q¿ (Kj/jam)

298,15 K

C6H5OH 0,7265 31.470,3098 22.863,1801

H2O 61,5486 18.565,9966 1.142.711,1006
H2SO4 27,7911 150.104,9835 4.171.582,6068
C7H8O 35,5990 42.119,8928 1.499.426,0640
Total 6.836.582,9515

B.5.2 Menghitung panas bahan keluar Distilasi Up (ΔH2)

Tout = 226 ˚C = 499,15 oK
Tref = 25 ˚C = 298,15 oK

(∫ )
499,15 K
Qout =ΣNi x Cp. dT ……………………….………….. (1.31)
298,15 K

(Smith Van Ness, 1975)

Tabel B.19 Perhitungan Panas Bahan Keluar pada Distilasi Up (T-103)

499,15 K

Komponen N(kmol/jam) ∫ Cp. ΔT (kJ / Kmol . K ) ΔH (Kj/jam)

298,15 K

H2SO4 27.7911 120734.9846 3355358.031

C7H8O 35.5990 35011.08624 1246359.659
C6H5OH 0.5840 26299.59738 15358.96487
Total 4617076.655

B.5.3 Menghitung panas bahan keluar Distilasi Bottom (ΔH3)

Tout = 275˚C = 548,15 oK
Tref = 25 ˚C = 298,15 oK

(∫ )
548,15 K
Qout =ΣNi x Cp . dT …………………………….……. (1.32)
298,15 K

Tabel B.20 Perhitungan Panas Bahan Keluar pada Distilasi Bottom (T-001)
548,95 K
N
Komponen
(kmol/jam) ∫ Cp . ΔT (¿ Kmol . K ) Qout (Kj/jam)
298,15 K

H2SO4 27,7911 165950.5444 4611948.1752

C7H8O 35,5990 45795.4078 1630270.7235
Total 6242218.8987

B.5.4 Menghitung Kebutuhan Air Pendingin di Kondensor

Panas Masuk Kondensor : 226ºC = 499,75 K
Tabel B.21 Panas Masuk Kondensor
499,15 K

Komponen N(kmol/jam) ∫ Cp. ΔT (kJ / Kmol . K ) ΔH (Kj/jam)

298,15 K

H2SO4 27.7911 120734.9846 3355358.0309

 C7H8O 35.5990 35011.08624 1246359.6590
C6H5OH 0.5840 26299.59738 15358.9649
Total 4.617.076,6547

Panas Kondensor = QLaten – Qdestilat + QRefluks

= 6836582.951 – 4.617.076,6547+ 6.242.218,8987
= 8.461.725,1954 KJ/jam

Sebagai pendingin digunakan Dowtherm A pada

Suhu masuk = 26°C = 299,15 K

Suhu keluar = 99,9 oC = 373,05 K

Cp Dowtherm A = 4,179 kJ/kg.K

CpdT Dowtherm A = 4,179 kJ/kg.K x (373,05-299,15) K

= 308,8281 kJ/kg

Q
m =
CpdT

8.461.725 ,1954
=
308,8281

= 27.399,4663 Kg/jam

B.5.5 Menghitung Beban Pemanas Reboiler

Panas yang dibawa cairan hasil aliran bawah : 275oC = 548,15 K
Tabel B.22 Panas cairan hasil aliran bawah
N 548,95 K
Komponen ∫ Cp . ΔT (¿ Kmol . K ) Qout (Kj/jam)
(kmol/jam) 298,15 K

H2SO4 27,7911 165950.5444 4611948.1752

C7H8O 35,5990 45795.4078 1630270.7235
Total 6242218.8987
Panas Reboiler = QTop + QBottom + Qkondensor – Qumpan
= 4.617.076,6547+6.242.218,8987+6.242.218,8987-6.836.582,9515
= 12.484.437,7974 KJ/jam
Neraca energi total:
Q total masuk = Q total keluar + Q serap ………………….……. (1.33)
Q serap = Q total masuk - Q total keluar
Q serap = 6836582.9515 – (4.617.076,6547+6.242.218,8987)
= -4.022.712,6020 kJ/jam

Steam yang digunakan adalah saturated steam bersuhu 300oC.

Diketahui : Hl = 1344,8 kJ/kg
Hv = 2.749,6 kJ/kg (Reaklatis)
Q reboiler = QBottom + Qdestilat + Qkondensor – Qumpan
= 12.484.437,7974 kJ/jam
λ = Hv – Hl
= 1404,8 kJ/kg
Maka jumlah steam yang dibutuhkan :
Q
m =
λ
12.484 .437,7974 kJ/jam
=
1404 ,8 kJ/kg
= 8.886 ,9859 kg/jam
Tabel B.23 Hasil Perhitungan Neraca Energi Total Pada Distilasi (D-003)
Komponen Masuk Keluar

Panas Masuk Distilasi 6836582.9515

Panas Distilat 4617076.6547
Panas Bottom 6242218.8987
Panas Kondensor 8461725.1954
Panas Reboiler 12484437.7974
Total 19.321.020,7489 19.321.020,7489
B.6 Perhitungan Neraca Energi Pada Heater (HE-103)
Heater (HE-103) Berfungsi untuk memanaskan Asam sulfat, Novolak
resin,phenol dan air sebelum masuk Distilasi.

300 ºC

255,6 ºC 60 ºC

250 ºC

Gambar B.4 Heater (HE-103)

B.6.1 Menghitung panas bahan masuk Heater (ΔH1)

Tin = 255,6 ºC = 528,75 K
Treff = 25 ºC = 298,15 K

(∫ )
528,75 K
Q¿ =ΣNi x Cp. dT ...................................................... (1.34)
298,15 K

(Smith Van Ness, 1975)

Tabel B.24 Panas Aliran Masuk Heater (E-103)
528,75 K
N
Komponen
(kmol/jam) ∫ Cp . Δ T (k /Kmol . K) Qin (Kj/jam)
298,15 K

C6H5OH 0.6335 30,841.4644 19,538.0677

H2O 0.4536 18,270.6967 8,287.5880
H2SO4 28.2811 147,360.9850 4,167,530.7524
C7H8O 35.599 41,473.8039 4,167,530.7524
Total 8,362,887.1606
B.6.2 Menghitung panas bahan keluar Heater (ΔH2)
Tout = 60 oC = 333,15 oK
Tref = 25oC = 298,15 oK

(∫ )
333,15 K
Q¿ =ΣNi x Cp. dT ..................................................... (1.35)
298,15 K

Tabel B.25 Panas Aliran Keluar Heater (E-103)

333,15 K
N
Komponen
(kmol/jam) ∫ Cp . Δ T (k /Kmol . K) Qin (Kj/jam)
298,15 K

C6H5OH 0,7265 31.483,5411 22.872,7926

H2SO4 27,7911 151.140,4639 4.200.359,7449
C7H8O 35,5990 42.364,4532 1.508.132,1694
H2O 61,5486 18.636,0864 1.147.025,0285
TOTAL 6.878.389,7355

B.6.3 Menghitung Panas yang Diberikan Oleh Steam (Q)

Panas masuk = Panas Keluar
ΔH1+ Q = ΔH2 + Qloss ............................................... (1.36)
ΔH1+ Q = ΔH2 + 1E-05 % (ΔH1 + Q)
Q = ΔH2 + 1E-07 ΔH1 + 1E-07 Q – ΔH1
0,9999999 Q – 1E-07 Q = ΔH2 – (0,9999999 ΔH1)
0,9999999 Q = 6.878.389,7355 – (0,9999999 x 8.362.887,1606)
0,9999999 Q = -1.467.771,6508
Q = -1.467.771,6508/ 0,9999999
Q = -1.470.713,0770 kJ/jam
B.6.4 Menghitung Kebutuhan Steam Pemanas (M)
ΔH1 + ΔH steam = ΔH2 ................................................................... (1.37)
ΔH steam (Kj/Jam) = ΔH2 - ΔH1
ΔH steam (Kj/Jam) = 6.878.389,7355 – 8.362.887,1606
= -1.484.497,4251
B.6.5 Menghitung Panas Yang Hilang (Qloss)
Diasumsikan panas yang hilang sebesar 0,2 % dari jumlah panas masuk :
Qloss = 0,002% ( ΔH1 + Q) ............................................. (1.38)
Qloss = 0,002 (8.362.887,1606 kJ/jam + -1.470.713,0770 kJ/jam)
Qloss = -2.941,4262 kJ/jam
B.6.6 Menghitung Steam Masuk dan Keluar (Qsin dan Qsout)
T = 300 oC
P = 1 atm
Hliquid = 503.81 kJ/Kg
Hvapor = 2749,4262 kJ/Kg, (Apendix,Tabel Saturated Heat)
λ steam = Hvapor - Hliquid ....................................................... (1.39)
= 2749,4262 kJ/Kg - 503.81 kJ/Kg
= 1.404,8000 kJ/Kg
Massa Steam = ΔH steam / λ steam .................................................(1.40)
= -1484497.4251 kJ /Jam / 1.404,8000 kJ/Kg
= 1.056,7322 Kg/Jam
Qs in = Massa Steam x Hvapor ........................................... (1.41)
= 1.056,7322 Kg/Jam x 2749,4262 kJ/Kg
= -2.905.590,9170 kJ/Jam
Qs out = Massa Steam x Hliquid ........................................... (1.42)
= 1.056,7322 Kg/Jam x 1344,8 kJ/Kg
= -1.421.093,492 kJ/Jam
Tabel B.26 Neraca Energi Total pada Heater (E-103)
Komponen Masuk Keluar
ΔH1 8.362.887,1606 -
ΔH2 - 6.878.389,7355
Qsin -2.905.590,9170 -
Qsout - -1.421.093,4918
Total 5.457.296,2436 5.457.296,2436

B.7 Perhitungan Neraca Energi Pada Heater (E-101)

 Heater (E-101) Berfungsi untuk memanaskan asam sulfat sebagai katalis
sebelum masuk Reaktor.

140 ºC

30 ºC 95 ºC

120 ºC

Gambar B.2 Heater (E-101)

B.7.1 Menghitung panas bahan masuk Heater (ΔH1)
Tin = 30 ºC = 303,15 K
Treff = 25 ºC = 298,15 K

(∫ )
303,15 K
Q¿ =ΣNi x Cp. dT ...................................................... (1.43)
298,15 K

(Smith Van Ness, 1975)

Tabel B.27 Panas Aliran Masuk Heater (E-101)
303,15 K
N
Komponen
(kmol/jam) ∫ Cp . Δ T (k /Kmol . K) Qin (Kj/jam)
298,15 K

H2SO4 28.2811 1,955.5343 55,304.6619

H2O 0.5772 377.2816 217.7669
Total 55.522,4289

B.7.2 Menghitung panas bahan keluar Heater (ΔH2)

Tout = 95 oC = 368,15 oK
Tref = 25oC = 298,15 oK

(∫ )
368,15 K
Qout =ΣNi x Cp . dT ..................................................... (1.44)
298,15 K

Tabel B.28 Panas Aliran Keluar Heater (E-101)

368,15 K
N
Komponen
(kmol/jam) ∫ Cp . Δ T (k /Kmol . K) Qout (Kj/jam)
298,15 K
 H2SO4 28.2811 31757.2844 898130.9359
H2O 0.5772 5263.0419 3037.8278
Total 901.168,7637

B.7.3 Menghitung panas yang diberikan oleh steam (Q)

Panas masuk = panas keluar
ΔH1+ Q = ΔH2 + Qloss ............................................... (1.45)
ΔH1+ Q = ΔH2 + 0,2% (ΔH1 + Q)
Q = ΔH2 + 0,002 ΔH1 + 0,002 Q – ΔH1
0,998 Q – 0,002 Q = ΔH2 – (0,998 ΔH1)
0,998 Q = 901.168,7637 – (0,998 × 55.522,4289)
0,998 Q = 845,779,0334
Q = 845,779,0334/ 0,998
Q = 847,805,2880 kJ/jam
B.7.4 Menghitung Kebutuhan Steam Pemanas (M)
ΔH1 + ΔH steam = ΔH2 ................................................................... (1.46)
ΔH steam (Kj/Jam) = ΔH2 - ΔH1
ΔH steam (Kj/Jam) = 901.168,7637 – 55.522,4289
= 845.646,3348
B.7.5 Menghitung Panas Yang Hilang (Qloss)
Diasumsikan panas yang hilang sebesar 0,2 % dari jumlah panas masuk :
Qloss = 0,2 % ( ΔH1 + Q ) ............................................... (1.47)
Qloss = 0,002 ( 55.522,4289 kJ/jam + 847,805,2880 kJ/jam)
Qloss = 1.806,6554 kJ/jam
B.7.6 Menghitung Steam Masuk dan Keluar (Qsin dan Qsout)
T = 140 oC
P = 1 atm
Hliquid = 589,16 kJ/Kg
Hvapor = 2733,5 kJ/Kg, (Apendix,Tabel Saturated Heat)
λ steam = Hvapor - Hliquid ....................................................... (1.48)
= 2733,5 kJ/Kg – 589,16 kJ/Kg
 = 2.144,3400 kJ/Kg
Massa Steam = ΔH steam / λ steam .................................................(1.49)
= 845.646,3348 kJ /Jam / 2144,3400 kJ/Kg
= 394,3621 Kg/Jam
Qs in = Massa Steam x Hvapor ........................................... (1.50)
= 394,3621 Kg/Jam x 2733,5 kJ/Kg
= 1.077.988,6847 kJ/Jam
Qs out = Massa Steam x Hliquid ........................................... (1.51)
= 394,3621 Kg/Jam x 589,16 kJ/Kg
= 232.342,3499 kJ/Jam
Tabel B.29 Neraca Energi Total pada Heater (E-101)
Komponen Masuk Keluar
ΔH1 55.522,4289 -
ΔH2 - 901.168,7637
Qsin 1.077.988,6847 -
Qsout - 232.342,3499
Total 1.133.511,1136 1.133.511,1136

B.8 Perhitungan Neraca Energi Pada Cooler (E-104)

Cooler (E-100) Berfungsi untuk menurunkan suhu bahan baku
phenol,asam sulfat, air dan produk sebelum masuk kedalam tangki penyimpanan.

129,5 ºC

15 ºC 99,50ºC

30ºC

Gambar B.5 Cooler (E-104)

B.8.1 Menghitung panas bahan masuk Heater (ΔH1)

Tin = 147,1 ºC = 420,25 K
Treff = 25 ºC = 298,15 K

(∫ )
420,25 K
Q¿ =ΣNi x Cp .dT ...................................................... (1.52)
298,15 K

(Smith Van Ness, 1975)

Tabel B.30 Panas Aliran Masuk Cooler (E-104)

368,15 K
N
Komponen
(kmol/jam) ∫ Cp . Δ T (k /Kmol . K) Qin (Kj/jam)
298,15 K

C6H5OH 0.6335 14,703.3708 9,314.5854

H2SO4 0.2999 62,128.9492 18,632.4719
H2O 0.4536 9,239.8918 4,191.2149
C7H8O 35.5755 19,411.5430 690,575.3496
Total 722.713,6218

B.8.2 Menghitung panas bahan keluar Heater (ΔH2)

Tout = 121 oC = 394,15 oK
Tref = 25oC = 298,15 oK

(∫ )
394,15 K
Qout =ΣNi x Cp . dT ..................................................... (1.53)
298,15 K

Tabel B.31 Panas Aliran Keluar Cooler (E-104)

394,15 K
N
Komponen
(kmol/jam) ∫ Cp . Δ T (k /Kmol . K) Qout (Kj/jam)
298,15 K

C6H5OH 0.6335 520.9956 330.0507

H2SO4 0.2999 1955.5343 586.4647
H2O 0.4536 377.2816 171.1349
C7H8O 35.5755 667.8378 23758.6620
Total 2.846,3124

B.8.3 Menghitung panas yang diberikan oleh steam (Q)

Panas masuk = panas keluar
ΔH1+ Q = ΔH2 + Qloss ............................................... (1.54)
ΔH1+ Q = ΔH2 + 1E-05 % (ΔH1 + Q)
Q = ΔH2 + 1E-07 ΔH1 + 1E-07 Q – ΔH1
0,9999999 Q – 1E-07 Q = ΔH2 – (0,9999999 ΔH1)
0,9999999 Q = 24.846,3124 – (0,9999999 x 722.713,6218)
0,9999999 Q = -696.421,8821
Q = -696.421,8821/ 0,9999999
Q = -697.817,5172 kJ/jam

B.8.4 Menghitung Kebutuhan Steam Pemanas (M)

ΔH1 + ΔH steam = ΔH2 ................................................................... (1.55)
ΔH steam (Kj/Jam) = ΔH2 - ΔH1
ΔH steam (Kj/Jam) = 24.846,3124 – 722.713,6218
= -697.867,3094
B.10.5 Menghitung Panas Yang Hilang (Qloss)
Diasumsikan panas yang hilang sebesar 0,2 % dari jumlah panas masuk :
Qloss = 0,002% ( ΔH1 + Q) ............................................. (1.56)
Qloss = 0,002 (722.713,6218 + -697.817,5172 kJ/jam)
Qloss = 49,7922 kJ/jam
B.8.6 Menghitung Steam Masuk dan Keluar (Qsin dan Qsout)
T = 15 oC
P = 1 atm
Hliquid = 62,983 kJ/Kg
Hvapor = 2528,3 kJ/Kg, (Apendix,Tabel Saturated Heat)
λ steam = Hvapor - Hliquid ....................................................... (1.57)
= 2528,3 kJ/Kg – 62,983 kJ/Kg
= 2.465,3180 kJ/Kg
Massa Steam =ΔH steam / λ steam .................................................(1.58)
= -697.867,3094 kJ /Jam / 2.465,3180 kJ/Kg
= 2.465,3180 Kg/Jam
Qs in = Massa Steam x Hvapor ........................................... (1.59)
= 2.465,3180 Kg/Jam x 2528,3 kJ/Kg
= -715.695,8730 kJ/Jam
Qs out = Massa Steam x Hliquid ........................................... (1.60)
= 2.465,3180 Kg/Jam x 62,982 kJ/Kg
 = -17.828,5636 kJ/Jam

Tabel B.32 Neraca Energi Total pada Cooler (E-104)

Komponen Masuk Keluar
ΔH1 722713.6218 -
ΔH2 - 24846.3124
Qsin -715695.8730 -
Qsout - -17828.5636
Total 7.017,7487 7.017,7487