REVIEW JURNAL

Judul Dampak pertambangan terhadap lingkungan hidup di kalimantan selatan dan

implikasinya bagi hak-hak warga negara.
Jurnal Jurnal Fakultas Hukum Universitas Islam Kalimantan MAAB
Volume dan Halaman Volume IX Nomor 1
Tahun 2017
Penulis Nurul Listiyani
Reviewer Irene
Ririn safitri
Tanggal 10 September 2021
Tujuan Penelitian Mengetahui dampak pertambangan terhadap lingkungan hidup di kalimantan
selatan dan implikasinya bagi hak-hak warga negara.
Subjek Penelitian Dampak pertambangan terhadap lingkungan hidup
Metode Penelitian penelitian yang dilaksanakan adalah penelitian hukum normative sosiologis,
yakni penelitian mengenai dampak pertambangan batubara terhadap
lingkungan hidup dalam kaitannya dengan hak kolektif dari masyarakat akan
lingkungan hidup yang baik dan sehat. Guna mendapatkan data dalam
penelitian, peneliti menggunakan 2 (dua) jenis data, yaitu : a. data primer,
yaitu data yang diperoleh secara langsung dari narasumber/ responden (field
research). b. data sekunder, yaitu data yang didapatkan dari hasil penelitian
pustaka (library research), di mana peneliti mengumpulkan dan mempelajari
peraturanperaturan dan tulisan-tulisan yang berkaitan dengan lingkungan
hidup, pertambangan dan Hak Asasi Manusia (HAM). Untuk mengumpulkan
data dalam penelitian ini, peneliti melakukan dengan teknik sebagai berikut :
a. untuk mengumpulkan data primer (field research) dan mengumpulkan data
sekunder (library research).
Hasil Penelitian Tambang batubara merupakan salah satu sumber daya alam yang
memberikan kontribusi sangat berarti bagi pembangunan perekonomian di
Indonesia. Permasalahan lain yang muncul dalam pengelolaannya adalah
karena sebagian besar tambang batubara tersebut berada dalam kawasan
hutan lindung dan kawasan hutan produksi.
Data dari Kementerian Kehutananyang dirilis sejak tahun 2008 bahwa
perizinan pertambangan menggelembung semakin tidak terkontrol sejak era
otonomi daerah. Sekitar 6-7 Izin Usaha Pertambangan dikeluarkan setiap
harinya, luas kawasan hutan yang digunakan untuk IUP eksplorasi sekitar
 402.655,98 hektar, sedangkan kawasan untuk IUP Operasi produksi sekitar
191.433,04 ha. Pertambangan memiliki peran penting dalam pembangunan
dengan menghasilkan bahan-bahan baku untuk industri, penyerapan tenaga
kerja, sebagai sumber devisa negara, dan meningkatkan pendapatan asli
daerah. Pada sisi lain, pertambangan juga menghasilkan berbagai dampak
buruk terhadap lingkungan.
Secara umum dampak pertambangan terhadap lingkungan adalah penurunan
produktivitas lahan, kepadatan tanah bertambah, terjadinya erosi dan
sedimentasi, terjadinya gerakan tanah atau longsoran, terganggunya flora dan
fauna, terganggunya kesehatan masyarakat serta berdampak terhadap
perubahan iklim mikro. Sedangkan dampak pasca tambang yang terjadi
adalah, perubahan morfologi dan topografi lahan, perubahan bentang alam
(bentuk bentang alam pada lahan bekas tambang biasanya tidak teratur,
menimbulkan lubang-lubang terjal, gundukan tanah bekas timbunan alat
berat), lahan menjadi tidak produktif dan rawan potensi longsor.
Kesimpulan Dari analisis terhadap 2 (dua) masalah hukum yang peneliti angkat dalam
penelitian ini maka peneliti dapat menarik kesimpulan bahwa:
1. Kegiatan pertambangan batubara sebagai salah satu pemanfaatan sumber
daya alam pada dasarnya merupakan bagian dari pelaksanaan pembangunan
perekonomian yang pada hakekatnya mengacu pada tujuan pembangunan
nasional, yakni peningkatan kesejahteraan masyarakat. Akan tetapi
pertambangan merupakan kegitan yang sangat rentan terhadap resiko
pencemaran dan kerusakan lingkungan hidup, sehingga pemerintah sebagai
konsekuensi dari Hak Menguasai Negara atas Sumber Daya Alam wajib
menyelenggaraan fungsi mengatur, mengurus dan mengawasi terhadap
pengelolaan sumber daya alam.
2. Ditinjau dari aspek HAM, pelaksanaan hak-hak yang ada dalam lingkup
hak asasi lingkungan berupa : hak pembangunan dan hak penggunaan
kekayaan dan sumber alam (batubara) tidak boleh sama sekali mengurangi
hak setiap warga negara atas lingkungan hidup yang baik dan sehat seperti
yang diamantkan dalam Pasal 28H ayat (1) UUD NRI 1945 dan UUPPLH.
Kekuatan Penelitian Data yang diperoleh dari penelitian sangat baik, karna disertai dengan hasil
wawancara dengan beberapa narasumber dan di lengkapi dengan gambar
sebagai penguat hasil peneitian. Literatur yang digunakan dalam penelitian
ini sudah tergolong banyak sehinggs penguatan secara teori sudah cukup.
Kelemahan Penelitian Pembahasan penulis terlalu Panjang sehingga pembaca akan merasa bosan
dalam membaca.
Judul Kajian dampak timbunan sampah terhadap lingkungan di tempat pembuangan
akhir (tpa) putri cempo Surakarta.
Jurnal Jurnal EKOSAINS
Volume dan Halaman Vol. 6, No. 3
Tahun 2014
Penulis Tri Sukrorini, Sri Budiastuti, Ari Handono Ramelan dan Frans Pither Kafiar
Reviewer Irene
Ririn safitri
Tanggal 10 September 2021
Tujuan Penelitian Penelitian ini bertujuan: (1) Untuk mengevaluasi dampak lingkungan yang
timbul akibat pembuangan sampah di TPA Putri Cempo. (2) Mempelajari
pengelolaan sampah TPA Putri Cempo yang diatur melalui PERDA
SURAKARTA Nomor 3 Tahun 2010. (3) Mempelajari penanganan jumlah
sampah yang selalu berlebih.
Subjek Penelitian Dampak timbunan sampah terhadap lingkungan
Metode Penelitian Data penelitian diperoleh dengan observasi langsung, wawancara, kajian
literatur arsip/dokumen resmi yang relevan dan dianalisis dengan “Metode
Matriks Fisher dan Davies”, serta “Analisis Resiko Lingkungan”.
Hasil Penelitian Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Evaluasi dampak seluruh komponen
lingkungan Tempat Pembuangan Akhir (TPA) Sampah Putri Cempo, baik
komponen geofisik, biotis dan sosekbudkesmas berdampak positif, yaitu:
(+0,1), (+0,14) dan (+0,22). Artinya dari komponen geofisik terutama
struktur tanah menjadi lebih gembur dan subur. Komponen biotik, terutama
sapi potong jumlah populasinya meningkat dan kesuburan tanah semakin
baik akibat bertambahnya mikroorganisme tanah sampah. Sedangkan pada
komponen sosekbudkesmas terutama tingkat pendidikan, mata pencaharian
dan kegiatan ekonomi meningkat tajam. Rata – rata selisih dampak seluruh
komponen sebesar (+0,15). Berarti dampak yang timbul akibat kegiatan
pengelolaan sampah sangat berpengaruh terhadap kehidupan masyarakat di
sekitar TPA Putri Cempo. Pengelolaan sampah terdiri dari pengurangan dan
penanganan. Pengurangan sampah berupa: (1) Kegiatan pembatasan
timbunan sampah, (2) Pendaur-ulangan sampah, dan (3) Pemanfaatan
kembali sampah. Penanganan sampah meliputi: (1) Pemilahan sampah sesuai
jenis, jumlah dan sifat sampah. (2) Pengumpulan sampah dari sumber sampah
ke tempat penampungan sementara. (3) Pengangkutan sampah dari tempat
penampungan sementara menuju ke tempat pemrosesan akhir. (4)
Pengelolaan untuk mengubah karakteristik, komposisi dan jumlah sampah.
 (5) Pemrosesan akhir sampah dalam bentuk pengembalian sampah dan residu
hasil pengelolaan sebelumnya ke media lingkungan secara aman. Penanganan
jumlah sampah yang selalu berlebih di TPA Putri Cempo oleh DKP Kota
Surakarta dengan melibatkan masyarakat pemulung dan ternak sapi.
Pengelolaan sampah tersebut dapat memberikan sisi positif terhadap
lingkungan di sekitar TPA Putri Cempo, 200 masyarakat pemulung dan 900
ekor ternak sapi dapat mengurangi volume timbunan sampah masingmasing
sekitar 20 ton/hari dan 11 ton/hari.
Kekuatan Penelitian Data yang disajikan penulis sangat lengkap, disertai gambar, tabel dan grafik
sehigga lebih mudah dipahami.
Literatur yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini sudah tergolong banyak
sehinggs penguatan secara teori sudah cukup.
Kelemahan Penelitian -

Judul Socio-economic and environmental impact of mining on woman in

Kasigau mining zone in Taita Taveta County
Jurnal Journal of Sustainable Mining
Volume & Halaman Vol. 14, Hal. 197-204
Tahun 2017
Penulis Maarifa Ali Mwakumanya, Mwikamba Maghenda, Hamida Juma
Reviewer Ririn Safitri
 Irene
Tanggal 10 September 2021

Tujuan Penelitian This study aims to establish what socio-economic implication of

the mining sector on woman are and create awareness of
environmental integrity and female participation in the mining
sector in the Kasugai mining area in Taita Taveta County through a
Participatory Action Research (PAR) approach.
Subjek Penelitian The study was conducted in the rural artisanal mining communities
of Kasigau Ward. Seven villages around Kasigau Hill, namely;
Buguta, Kiteghe, Makwasinyi, Bungule, Jora, Rukanga and
Kisimenyi. Seven villages and forty nine households participated in
household interviews, Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) and
female feedback reflection meetings togenerate and analyze data.
Metode Penelitian The PAR approach was adapted to ensure participation and
empowerment of the stakeholders throughout the bottom-up
research process and also that the participants ‘owned’ and
implemented the action strategies to resolve the challenges they
face. Unlike conventional research that generates knowledge and
solutions to research problems, PAR engages the respondents
further and challenges them to own the research problems and the
solutions. Participatory Action Research (PAR) is an ideal research
process that is engaged infinding sustainable solutions to societal
challenges. PAR gives direction and involves stakeholders
throughout the research process right up to the point of developing
actionable strategies and implementing them.
Langkah Penelitian Trainers of Facilitators (ToFs) to lead the process through the
mobilization of women's groups, organizing inception meetings,
developing research tools, conducting data collection andanalysis,
and developing action strategies. The ToFs trained and engaged
women from all the groups in the research process.
Hasil Penelitian 1. Women in mining in Kasigau
The Kasigau ward consists of small scale mining communities
which are employed in mining activities, as workers and as miners.
Itwas observed that women had been engaged in the mining sector
mostly as casual workers in the mining processes and mineral
dealers with no legal mining rights (Zururas) and as marketing
agents or brokers. These engagements have exposed women to
different socio-economic and environmental impacts. However,
they face challenges as they can be conned and cheated of the value
of the minerals due to their lack of basic gemological knowledge
and skills. Female casual labourers who constitute about 19% of the
household women in Kasugai work long hours in the mines
with meager payments, which is not a fair reflection of their efforts
and the value of the minerals extracted. The operational
environment for casual labourers is also not conducive for women
as they are located in the wilderness with harsh mining conditions
affecting their safety and health. Women work in deplorable
conditions with limited water for drinking or bathing; this, in turn,
discourages women from engaging in mining
2. The socio-ekonomi status of women in Kasigau
The sources of livelihood for the Kasigau community are
comprised of small scale agricultural activities, trade and artisanal
and small scale mining. About 45% of women in Kasigau take part
in subsistence farming as their single main economic activity.
Farming and livestock,and farming and artisanal mining each
represent 20% of thewomen, while small scale business and
farming attracts only 9% ofthe women. Basket weaving and small
scale business enterprisesare taken up by only 4% of the women
and only 2% of the womensolely engage in small scale business
enterprises in Kasigau. Mining activities areincreasingly becoming
an economic activity that women take partin, although typically
concurrently with other sources of income,probably due to the
unpredictably low income from artisanal mining in the area.
Althoung doing plant, the mowan here also working in mining with
combine those activity.
3. Ownership of land and mining sites
According to the PAR findings, about 73% of women do not own
land in Kasigau due to the oppressive and parochial cultural
practices. This is one reason why women are not economically
empowered as they lack the means of production. Culturally it can
be observed that woman do not participate in decision-making
matters. Owning land empowers the woman to use it
independently, a decision that should be made by a man in such a
discriminative socio-cultural setup. Consequently 78% of the
households' women in Kasigau do not own mining sites. This is
probably due to the cultural practices and the fact that mining
activities are not one of the core activities of women.
The mining sites in Kasigau are located in the wilderness in ranches
and national parks, which are often inaccessible by roads except by
feeder pathways. It is difficult for women to walk long distance in
the wilderness as it exposes them to the dangers of wild animal
attacks. The infrastructure and facilities in the mines are extremely
poor. There is inadequate basic equipment and tools to enable
women to work effectively and they lack basic occupational health
and safety facilities, exposing woman to pollution and other
environmental hazards. There is no personal protective gear in the
artisanal mines and a lack of adequate life savers and first aid kits
exposes women to physical injuries and psychological stress.
Female miners have no basic training on occupational health and
safety issues, thus they are unable to protect themselves in the
 event of the occurrence of a hazard. The mining activities have
contributed immensely to environmental degradation due to the
clearance of vegetation to establish mining sites.
4. Level of compliance with regulations and standards
It can be observed that mine workers lack basic personal protective
facilities such as helmets, gloves and hearing protection. The
mining tunnels are not adequately reinforced and could collapse at
any moment while the mining site has an abundance of open pits
and tailings which exposes the female workers to occupational
health and safety hazards. The environmental regulations and
standards are clear concerning the ideal conditions of mining sites
to ensure the health and safety of the workers and the integrity of
the environment of such sites. However, the county and national
standards and guidelines are not adequately observed in mining
sites, especially in those that are located in places that are
inaccessible to enforcement agencies.
5. Challenges in the mining sector in Kasigau
The challenges are enormous and they need empowered and united
communities of women to tackle them. Stakeholders should come
to the rescue of women through educating, sensitizing and
encouraging women to participating in high value end activities.
However, women believe that there are collective strategies that
will help them overcome the challenges
6. Actionable Strategies to empower woman
The PAR process generated actionable strategies that empower
women to tackle the challenges and productively engage in the
mining sector. Women have the potential to reap benefits from the
mining sector when they are adequately empowered and facilitated.
Education, training and awareness are critical elements of the
empowerment that women need in order to galvanize themselves to
support and facilitate each other. It is evident that woman in
Kasigau are vulnerable to social, economic and environmental
injustices and that they understand the challenges and have realized
the need to take action to improve their health, safety and social
wellbeing.

Kekuatan Penelitian The strength of this research is that the researcher conducts
research directly in the field and conducts interviews with the right
sources, namely directly to women in the area. So that much can be
obtained and can be known from the solutions to the problems that
occur.
Kelemahan Penelitian The weakness of this research is that there are too many result and
discussions and those that are discussed are long enough to make
the reader bored.
Kesimpulan Most women are involved in mining as “Zururas” with no formal
training, equipment or licenses to undertake mining activities
because of low income and high levels of poverty. This scenario is
similar to many other mining areas in Taita Taveta County, as
stated by women from outside the Kasigau mining areas. Women in
Kasigau need support and facilitation, to enhance their potential,
through education and training, awareness and advocacy on land
ownership issues, mining rights, mineral and value addition, and
environmental sustainability. This will in turn lead to effective
engagement in the artisanal mining sector. It should be noted that
organized women's groups can create networks within these groups
and with other groups from outside Kasigau, which can lead to
advocacy, campaigning and lobbying for female empowerment
in the artisanal mining sector. The PAR process has enabled
women
to internalize the challenges in the artisanal mining sector and has
enabled them to devise strategies to change the situation through
socioeconomic, legal and environmental empowerment.