ASKEP Konjungtivitis (Putri Ayu)
ASKEP Konjungtivitis (Putri Ayu)
ASKEP Konjungtivitis (Putri Ayu)
TINJAUAN PUSTAKA
1.1 Definisi
1.1.1 Definisi Konjungtivitis
Konjungtivitis adalah peradangan pada konjungtiva dan penyakit ini adalah
penyakit mata yang paling umum di dunia. Karena lokasinya, konjungtiva terpajan
oleh banyak mikroorganisme dan faktor-faktor lingkungan lain yang mengganggu.
Penyakit ini bervariasi mulai dari hiperemia ringan dengan mata berair sampai
konjungtivitis berat dengan banyak sekret purulen kental. Jumlah agen-agen yang
pathogen dan dapat menyebabkan infeksi pada mata semakin banyak, disebabkan oleh
meningkatnya penggunaan oat-obatan topical dan agen imunosupresif sistemik, serta
meningkatnya jumlah pasien dengan infeksi HIV dan pasien yang menjalani
transplantasi organ dan menjalani terapi imunosupresif (Sitompul, 2017)
1.1.2 Etiologi
Konjungtivitis dapat disebabkan oleh berbagai macam hal, seperti:
1) Infeksi oleh virus, bakteri, atau clamidia.
2) Reaksi alergi terhadap debu, serbuk sari, bulu binatang.
3) Iritasi oleh angin, debu, asap dan polusi udara lainnya; sinar ultraviolet.
4) Pemakaian lensa kontak, terutama dalam jangka panjang, juga bisa
menyebabkan konjungtivitis.
Konjungtivitis yang disebabkan oleh mikroorganisme (terutama virus dan kuman atau
campuruan keduanya) ditularkan melalui kontak dan udara. Dalam waktu 12 sampai
48 jam setelah infeksi mulai, mata menjadi merah dan nyeri (Sitompul, 2017)
1.5 Patofisiologi
Mikroorganisme (virus, bakteri, jamur), bahan alergen, iritasi menyebabkan kelopak mata
terinfeksi sehingga kelopak mata tidak dapat menutup dan membuka sempurna. Karena
mata menjadi kering sehingga terjadi iritasi menyebabkan konjungtivitis. Pelebaran
pembuluh darah disebabkan karena adanya peradangan ditandai dengan konjungtiva dan
sklera yang merah, edema, rasa nyeri dan adanya sekret mukopurulen. Konjungtiva,
karena posisinya terpapar pada banyak organisme dan faktor lingkungan lain yang
mengganggu. Ada beberapa mekanisme melindungi permukaan mata dari substansi luar,
seperti air mata. Pada film air mata, unsur berairnya mengencerkan infeksi bakteri, mucus
menangkap debris dan mekanisme memompa dari palpebra secara tetap akan mengalirkan
air mata ke ductus air mata. Air mata mengandung substansi anti mikroba termasuk
lisozim. Adanya agen perusak, menyebabkan cedera pada epitel konjungtiva yang diikuti
edema epitel, kematian sel dan eksfoliasi, hipertropi epitel atau granuloma. Mungkin pula
terdapat edema pada stroma konjungtiva (kemosis) dan hipertropi lapis limfoid stroma
atau pembentukan folikel. Sel-sel radang bermigrasi melalui epitel ke permukaan. Sel-sel
ini kemudian bergabung dengan fibrin dan pus dari sel goblet, membentuk eksudat
konjungtiva yang menyebabkan perlengketan tepian palpebra pada saat bangun tidur.
Adanya peradangan pada konjungtiva ini menyebabkan dilatasi pembuluh-pembuluh mata
konjungtiva posterior, menyebabkan hiperemi yang tampak paling nyata pada formiks dan
mengurang kearah limbus. Pada hiperemi konjungtiva ini biasanya didapatkan
pembengkakan dan hipertropi papilla yang sering disertai sensasi benda asing dan sensasi
tergores, panas atau gatal. Sensasi ini merangsang sekresi air mata. Transudasi ringan juga
timbul dari pembuluh darah yang hiperemi dan menambah jumlah air mata (Muliadi,
2015)
1.7 Penatalaksanaan
a. Tetes mata antibiotika siang hari, malam, salep
b. Penggunaan handuk sendiri-sendiri
c. Menggunakan tissue bukan sapu tangan dan dibuang setelah pemakaian satu kali
d. Rasa sakit dapat dikurangi dengan membuang kerak-kerak di kelopak mata dengan
mengusap pelan-pelan dengan salin
e. Fotofobia dapat diatasi dengan memakai kaca mata gelap
f. Pemakaian topeng seluloid pada mata yang sakit tidak dianjurkan, karena akan
memberikan lingkugan yang baik untuk perbanyakan mikroorganisme
(Widyastuti & Siregar, 2016)
BAB II
TINJAUAN ASUHAN KEPERAWATAN
Han, E. S., & goleman, daniel; boyatzis, Richard; Mckee, A. (2019). Konungtiva. Journal of
Chemical Information and Modeling, 53(9), 1689–1699.
Muliadi, D. (2015). Universitas Sumatera Utara 7. 7–37.
Najib, m. bachrudin & moh. (2016). keperawatan medikal bedah I (1st ed.).
Sitompul, R. (2017). Konjungtivitis Viral: Diagnosis dan Terapi di Pelayanan Kesehatan
Primer. EJournal Kedokteran Indonesia, 5(1). https://doi.org/10.23886/ejki.5.7605.65-71
Widyastuti, S. B., & Siregar, S. P. (2016). Konjungtivitis Vernalis. Sari Pediatri, 5(4), 160.
https://doi.org/10.14238/sp5.4.2004.160-4
STIKES RS. BAPTIS KEDIRI
NIM : 01.1.18.00846
RUANG :
TANGGAL :
1. Pengkajian
1.1 Identitas Pasien
Nama : Tn. L
Umur :................................................................................................................
Agama : ...............................................................................................................
Pendidikan :................................................................................................................
Pekerjaan :................................................................................................................
Asuransi :................................................................................................................
Alamat :................................................................................................................
No Register : ...............................................................................................................
Pasien mengatakan mata pedih dan penglihatan kabur serta rasa mengganjal selama ± 1
minggu dan semakin sakit bila digunakan untuk membaca. Kemudian pasien periksa ke
Poliklinik Mata RSU dr. Saiful Anwar Malang.
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Keluarga pasien tidak ada yang menderita penyakit mata seperti pasien.
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Genogram
Genogram
GENOGRAM
Keterangan
: Laki-laki
: Perempuan
: Pasien
: Meninggal
X
: Garis perkawinan
Garis keturunan
5) Riwayat sosiokultural :
Pasien memeluk agama Islam dan taat menjalankan ajaran agamanya.
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b. Tanda-tanda vital
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c. Kepala
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d. Mata
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e. Hidung
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f. Telinga
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g. Mulut
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h. Leher
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j. Abdomen
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k. Ekstremitas
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l. Genetalia
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m. Anus
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1.5 Data Tambahan ( Penatalaksanaan)
Polydex 4x1 ODS
Kediri, ………………………………….
Mahasiswa
(……………………………………….)
ANALISA DATA
UMUR :
DO :
-Pasien gelisah.
NAMA PASIEN :
UMUR :
NO. REGISTER :
NAMA PASIEN :
UMUR :
NO REGISTER :
DIAGNOSA KEPERAWATAN :
1. NOC :
a. Dipertahankan/ditingkatkan pada
b. Dipertahankan/ditingkatkan pada
c. Dipertahankan/ditingkatkan pada
d. Dipertahankan/ditingkatkan pada
e. Dipertahankan/ditingkatkan pada
f. Dipertahankan/ditingkatkan pada
g. Dipertahankan/ditingkatkan pada
h. Dipertahankan/ditingkatkan pada
i. Dipertahankan/ditingkatkan pada
j. Dipertahankan/ditingkatkan pada
k. Dipertahankan/ditingkatkan pada
2. NOC :
a. Dipertahankan/ditingkatkan pada
b. Dipertahankan/ditingkatkan pada
c. Dipertahankan/ditingkatkan pada
d. Dipertahankan/ditingkatkan pada
e. Dipertahankan/ditingkatkan pada
f. Dipertahankan/ditingkatkan pada
g. Dipertahankan/ditingkatkan pada
h. Dipertahankan/ditingkatkan pada
i. Dipertahankan/ditingkatkan pada
j. Dipertahankan/ditingkatkan pada
k. Dipertahankan/ditingkatkan pada
3. NOC :
a. Dipertahankan/ditingkatkan pada
b. Dipertahankan/ditingkatkan pada
c. Dipertahankan/ditingkatkan pada
d. Dipertahankan/ditingkatkan pada
e. Dipertahankan/ditingkatkan pada
f. Dipertahankan/ditingkatkan pada
g. Dipertahankan/ditingkatkan pada
h. Dipertahankan/ditingkatkan pada
i. Dipertahankan/ditingkatkan pada
j. Dipertahankan/ditingkatkan pada
k. Dipertahankan/ditingkatkan pada
NAMA PASIEN :
UMUR :
NO. REGISTER :
(NIC)
1. Nyeri akut berhubungan dengan adanya 1. Kaji tingkat nyeri. 1.Menentukan tingkat nyeri klien dalam menentukan tindakan
peradangan pada konjungtiva yangh selanjutnya.
2.Obsrevasi tanda-tanda ketidaknyamanan non verbal. 3.Jelaskan
ditandai dengan Pasien mengatakan mata
sebab dan akibat nyeri pada klien / keluarga. 2. Merupakan indikator derajat nyeri yang tidak langsung
merah dan terasa mengganjal serta
dialami.
penglihatan kabur, pasien gelisah, pasien 4.Anjurkan klien untuk beristirahat dalam ruang yang tenang.
sering mengusap kedua matanya dengan 3. Dengan diberikan penjelasan diharapkan klien dan keluarga
sapu tanga 5.Anjurkan klien minum obat secara teratur dan kontrol kembali jika
berpartisipasi dalam perawatan jalan untuk mengurangi nyeri.
obat habis
4. Menurunkan stimulasi yang berlebihan sehingga dapat
mengurangi ketidaknyamanan.
2.
TINDAKAN KEPERAWATAN
NAMA PASIEN :
UMUR :
NO.REGISTER : ...................................................................
TANGA
1.
NAMA PASIEN :
UMUR :
NO.REGISTER : ...................................................................