YAYASAN ALUMNI UNIVERSITAS DIPONEGORO

FAKULTAS TEKNIK JURUSAN TEKNIK SIPIL

UNIVERSITAS SEMARANG

LEMBAR ASISTENSI
TUGAS : STRUKTUR KAYU NAMA : Kiky Agung Pranowo
: Daffa’ Nurul Hakim
ASISTENS : Hani Purwanti, S.T., M.T. NIM : C.111.18.0099
: C.111.18.0100
No Tanggal Keterangan Paraf
.
1. 23/11/2020

2.
27/11/2020
 TUGAS KONSTRUKSI KAYU

Rencanakan kuda-kuda Kayu pada Gambar Denah Diatas dengan diketahui :

1. Bentuk Atap Bangunan dengan Struktur Kayu Denah no 2

2. Lebar / Panjang Denah bangunan dalam m
3. Kelas Kuat Kayu Kelas I. II, III dan Jati (pilih salah satu)
4. Jenis Sambungan Baut dan gigi, (dua alat sambung )
5. Sudut Kemiringan (a ) 35° sesuai penutup atap yang dipilih
6. Atap Genteng Keramik (Pilih Salah Satu Penutup Atap).
7. Ketentuan Lain Tentukan Sendiri Sesuai PKKI dan SNI Kayu.

Semarang, 19 November 2020

Asisten Konstruksi Kayu

(Hani Purwanti., S.T., M.T )

TUGAS DIBERIKAN SATU MAHASISWA :

NAMA /NIM: Kiky Agung Pranowo /(C.111.18.0099)
: Daffa' Nurul Hakim /(C.111.18.0100)
SOLOSI TUGAS YANG DIMINTA MELIPUTI :

1. Buat Gambar Rencana Bentuk Atap Bangunan dari Denah Tugas

2. Perhitungan Panjang Batang Kayu
3. Perhitungan Beban ( Berat Sendiri, Angin Kanan, Kiri )
4. Perhitungan Mekanika Teknik / Mekanika Rekayasa
- dengan Analisa Struktur Rangka
- Metode Cremona, Ritter dan Metode Grafis
- Dengan SAP.
5. Demensi batang dan Cek Tegangan
6. Perhitungan Alat Sambung dengan dua alat sambung.
7. Gambarkan Kuda- Kuda Yang Telah Dihitung Lengkap Ukuran, Detail masing-
masing sambungan dan alat sambung dalam satu bentuk Kuda-kuda dalam
kertas kalkir, kestas A3 (pilih satu kertas)
8. Laporan dijilid Rapi Dikumpulkan Sebelum Ujian Struktur Kayu dan soal
Tugas dilampirkan dihalaman depan Laporan.
9. Mahasiswa mendapat Nilai dan Kartu Puas dari dosen struktur kayu.
10. Laporan Tulis Tangan. Tugas yang dicopy tidak dikasih nilai dan kartu puas.
( Usaha mengerjakan Sendiri )
11. Tugas berlaku untuk Satu Mahasiswa.

Semarang, 19 November 2020

Asisten Tugas Struktur Kayu

(Hani Purwanti., S.T., M.T)

 C
Mencaru tunggi kuda-kuda
x tan 35⁰ = x/6
x 35⁰ = tan 35⁰.6
E 6m B = 0,7.6
= 4,2 m
Data :
 Jarak batang bawah = 3 m
 Mutu kayu kelas (K) = kelas I
 Sudut kemiringan = 35⁰
 Jarak antar kuda-kuda = 2,5 m
 Penutup atap (Genteng Keramik) = 40 kg/m 2
 Beban plafon = 20 kg/m 2
 Jenis Sambungan = Baut dan Gigi

Panjang Bentang
1) H1 = H2 = H3 = H4 = 3 m
2) V5 = V9 = H1 x tan 35⁰
= 3 x 0,7
= 2,1 m
V1
3) D6 = D8 =
sin 35
2,1
= = 3,658 m
0,574
H1
4) S10 = S11 = S12 = S13 =
cos 35
3
= = 3, 663 m
0,819
5) V7 = (H1 + H2) x tan 35⁰
= (3 + 3) x 0,7
= 0,7.6
= 4,2 m
Panjang semua kuda-kuda
(3 x 3) + (2,1 x 2) + (3,658 x 2) + (3,663 + 4) + 4,2 = 39,368 m

Tegangan yang di ijinkan

Tegangan Kuat kelas kayu
ijin (kg/cm) I II III IV Jati
σlentur (σlt) 150 100 75 50 130
σtekuk (σtk) 130 85 60 45 110
σtk ┴ 40 25 15 10 30
τn 20 12 8 5 15

Modulus elastis kayu

Kuat kelas kayu E// (kg/cm 2 ¿
I 125.000
II 100.000
III 89.000
IV 60.000

Berat jenis kayu

Kelas kayu I II III IV V
Berat jenis ≥90 0,60-0,89 0,40-0,59 0,30-0,49 <0,30

Rumus tegangan untuk konstruksi yang bersifat permanen serta untuk konstruksi terlindung
1. Untuk pembebanan tetap, faktor reduksi ∂ = 1
2. Untuk konstruksi terlindung, faktor reduksi B = 1
Pembebanan bersifat sementara atau khusus dan konstruksi tidak terlindung
1. Untuk konstruksi tidak terlindung B = 5/6
2. Untuk konstruksi yang selalu bersih
3. Untuk pembebanan yang bersifat muatan angin ∂ = 5/4
4. Untuk pembebanan bersifat khusus ∂ = 3/2

Kelas kayu II
Menurut PPKI 1961 kelas kayu II
 Modulus elastisitas = 100 kg/cm2
 Berat jenis kelas kayu II = 0,8 gr/cm2
 Faktor reduksi beban atap dan muatan angin
∂ = 5/4 ( pembebanan yang bersifat angin)
B = 1 (untuk konstruksi terlindung)
Tegangan ijin kayu = tegangan ijin x ∂ x B x berat jenis
σlt = 100 x 5/4 x 0,89 = 111,25 kg/cm 2

σtr//= 85 x 5/4 x 0,89 = 94,563 kg/cm2

σth = 25 x 5/4 x 0,89 = 27,813 kg/cm 2

τn = 12 x 5/4 x 0,89 = 13, 35 kg/cm2

Mencari jarak gording
S = √¿ ¿
= √¿ ¿
= √ 4,264 +9
3,641
= √ 13,264 = = 1,456 m
2,5

Beban mati
Beban atap genteng keramik (q) = 40 kg/m 2
P atap = berat atap x jarak gording
= 40 x 1,456
= 58,24 kg/m 2
Px = P.sin α Py = P.cos α
= 58,24 . 0,574 = 58,24 . 0,819
= 33,429 kg/m = 47,698 kg/m
Mx = 1/6.Px. L2 My = 1/6.Py. L2

= 1/6 . 33,429 . (2,5)2 = 1/6 . 47,698 . (2,5)2

= 34,821 kg/m = 49,685 kg/m

Beban hidup 100 kg (P)

Px = P.sin α Py = P.cos α
= 100 . 0,574 = 100 . 0,819
= 57,4 kg/m = 81,9 kg/m
Mx = 1/6.Px.L My = 1/6.Py.L
= 1/6 . 57,4 .2,5 = 1/6 .81,9. 2,5
= 23,916 kg/m = 34,125 kg/m

Beban angin
qW = 40 kg/m 2
α = 35⁰
koefisien angin tekan (C)
C = 0,02 . α – 0,4
= 0,3
Angin tekan
W tekan = C.q.Jarak gording
= 0,3.40.1,456
= 17,472 kg/m
 Wx = W tekan . sin α Wy = W tekan . sin α
= 17,472 . 0,574 = 17,472 . 0,819
= 10,028 kg/m = 14,309 kg/m
Mx = 1/6.Wx. L2 My = 1/6.Wy. L2

= 1/6 . 10,028 .2,52 = 1/6 . 14,309 . 2,52

= 10,445 kg/m = 14,905 kg/m

Angin hisab
W tekan = C.q.Jarak gording
= -0,4.40.1,456
= -23,296 kg/m
Wx = W tekan . sin α Wy = W tekan . sin α
= -23,296 . 0,574 = -23,296 . 0,819
= -13,371 kg/m = -19,079 kg/m
Mx = 1/6.Wx. L2 My = 1/6.Wy. L2

= 1/6 . -13,296.2,52 = 1/6 . -19,079. 2,52

= -13,85 kg/m = -19,873 kg/m

Beban gording
Berat jenis kayu kelas II = 0,89 gr/cm 2 = 890 kg/m 2
Dicoba gording ukuran = 8/12
P = ℓ . b . Bj kayu . 1
= 0,08 . 0,12 . 890 . 1
= 8,544 kg/m
Px = P . sin α Py = P . sin α
= 8,544 . 0,574 = 8,544. 0,819
= 4,904 kg/m = 6,998 kg/m
Mx = 1/6.Wx. L2 My = 1/6.Wy. L2

= 1/6 . 4,904.2,52 = 1/6 . 6,998. 2,52

= 5,108 kg/m = 7,289 kg/m
Kondisi pembebanan
Beban mati (D)
Mx = Mx atap + Mx gording
= 34,821 + 5,108
= 39,929 kg/m
My = My atap + My gording
= 49,685 + 7,289
= 56,974 kg/m
Beban hidup (L)
Mx = 23,916 kg/m
My = 34,125 kg/m
Beban angin (W)
Mx = Mx angin tekan + Mx angin hisab
= 10,445 + (-13,85)
= -3,405 kg/m
My = My angin tekan + Mx angin hisab
= 14,905 + (-19,873)
= -4,968 kg/m

Beban total
Mx = 1,2.D + 1,6.L + 0,8.W
= (1,2 . 39,929) + (1,6 . 23,916) + (0,8 . -3,405)
= 86,180 kg/m
My = 1,2.D + 1,6.L + 0,8.W
= (1,2 . 56,974) + (1,6 . 34,125) + (0,8 . -4,968)
= 118,995 kg/m
Kontra tegangan lentur
Mx = 86,180 kg/m = 8618,0 kg/cm
My = 118,995 kg/m = 11899,5 kg/cm
Ukuran gording
Wx = 1/6.b.h2 Wy = 1/6.b.h

= 1/6 . 8 .122 = 1/6 .82 . 12

= 192 cm 2 = 128 cm 2
σlt y = Mx / Wy
= 8618,0 / 128
= 67,328 kg/cm
σlt x = My / Wx
= 11899,5 / 192
= 61,976 kg/cm

σlt = √ σltx 2 +σlty 2

= √ 61,9762 + 67,3282

= √ 8289,458
= 91,51 kg/cm
Syarat: σlt ≤ σlt
91,51 kg/cm ≤ 111,25 kg/cm
(AMAN)
Kontrol terhadap gaya geser
Dx = (1/2 . Px mati . L) + (1/2 . Px hidup)
= (1/2 . 33,429 . 2,5) + (1/2 . 57,4)
= 70,486 kg/m
Dy = (1/2 . Py mati . L) + (1/2 . Py hidup)
= (1/2 . 47,698 . 25) + (1/2 . 81,9)
= 100,572 kg/m
2 Dx 2 Dy
τx = .
3 b.h
τy = .
3 b .h
2 70,486 2 100,574
=
3
. 8.12 = 3 . 8.12

= 0,489 kg/m = 0,698 kg/m

τ =√ τx 2+ τy 2

=√ 0,4892 +0,6982

=√ 0,852
= 0,923
Syarat : τ ≤ τn
0,923 ≤ 13,35
“AMAN”
Kontrol terhadap lendutan
1
F max = .L
100
1
= . 2,5
100
= 0,025 m = 2,5 cm
Ix = 1/12 . b . h3 Iy = 1/12 . b 3 . h

= 1/12 . 8 . 123 = 1/12 . 83 . 12

= 1152 cm 4 = 512 cm4

Arah X – X

5. Px atap . L 4 Px hidup . L3
Fx = +
384 . E . Iy 48 . E . Ix

5 .0,334 . 250 4 57,4 .2503

= +
384 .100 000 . 512 48 . 100000 . 1152

= 0,332 + 0,162
= 0,494 cm
Arah Y-Y

5. Py atap . L 4 Py hidup . L3
Fy = +
384 . E . Ix 48 . E . Iy

5 . 0,476 . 2504 81,9 . 2503

= +
384 .100 000 . 1152 48 . 100000 . 512

= 0,210 + 0,520
= 0,730 cm
Syarat ; F ≤ F max
0,730 ≤ 2,5
“AMAN”
Keterangan :
E = 100 000 kg/cm2
L = 2,5 m = 250 cm
Px atap = 33,429 kg/m = 0,334 kg/cm
Py atap = 47,698 kg/m = 0,476 kg/cm
Px hidup = 57,4 kg
Py hidup = 81,9 kg
Berat kuda-kuda
Koefisien pembebanan kuda-kuda
L−10
C = (L-2) + . {(L+5)-(L-2)}
α −10
12−10
= (12-2) + . {(12+5)-(12-2)}
35−10
= 10,56 kg
D = C . jarak kuda-kuda . bentang kuda-kuda
= 10,56 . 2,5 . 12
= 316,8 kg
P = tiap 1 buhul
316,8
= = 39,6 kg
8

Perhitungan beban pada setiap titik buhul

P atap = q atap . 2,5 . jarak gording
= 40 . 2,5 . 1,456
= 145,6 kg
Per buhul menahan 2 gording
145,6 . 2 = 291,2

Berat gording 8x12

P = ℓ . b . Bj kayu . L
= 0,08 . 0,12 . 890 . 2,5
= 21,36 kg
Per buhul menahan 2 gording
21,36 . 2 = 42,72 kg
Beban plafon + kayu penggantungnya
18 kg/m 2

Beban mati
beban plafon . jarak antar kuda−kuda . bentang kuda−kuda
PPP =
jumlah buhul yang menerimabeban langsung
18. 2,5 . 12
=
8

= 67,5 kg
Pa = P atap + beban gording + beban kuda-kuda
= 145,6 + 42,72 + 39,6
 = 227,92 kg

P1 = P5 ½ Pa = 1/2 . 227,92 = 113,96 kg

P2 = P3 = P4 Pa = 227,92 kg
P6 = P10 PPP = ½ . 67,5 = 33,75 kg
P7 = P8 = P9 PPP = 67,5 kg
REAKSI PERLETAKAN

ΣMA = 0
RVA.12 – (P1+P6).12 – (P2+P7).9 – (P8+P3).6 – (P9+P4).3 = 0
RVA.12 – (113,96+33,75).12 – (227,92+67,5).9 – (67,5+227,92).6 – (67,5+227,92).3 = 0
RVA.12 – 7090,08 = 0
RVA.12 = 7090,08
7090,08
RVA =
12
RVA = 590,84 kg (↑)

ΣMB = 0
-RVB.12 + (P10+P5).12 + (P4+P9).9 + (P3+P8).6 + (P2+P7).3 = 0
-RVB.12 + (33,75+113,96).12 + (227,92+67,5).9 + (227,92+67,5).6 + (227,92+67,5).3 = 0
-RVB.12 + 7090,08= 0
-RVB.12 = -7090,08
−7090,08
-RVB =
12
RVB = 590,84 kg (↑)

CHECKING !!!
(RAV + RBV) – (P1+P2+P3+P4+P5+P6+P7+P8+P9+P10) = 0
(590,84 + 590,84) – (113,96+227,92+227,92+227,92+113,96+33,75+67,5+67,5+67,5+33,75 = 0
1181,68 – 1181,68 = 0
0=0
Perhitungan gaya batang dengan Metode Ritter
Potongan I-I

x 3
=
sin 35 sin 90
x = 1,722
ΣMD = 0
RAV.3 – (P1+P6).3 + F10.x = 0
590,84 . 3 – (133,96+33,75).3 + F10 .1,722 = 0
1269,39 + F10 . 1,772 = 0
−1269,39
F10 =
1,772
F10 = -716,360 kg (Tekan)
ΣMG = 0
RAV.3 – (P1+P6).3 – F1.x = 0
590,84 . 3 – (133,96+33,75).3 – F1 .1,722 = 0
1269,39 – F1 . 1,772 = 0
1269,39
- F1 =
1,772
F1 = 716,360 kg (Tarik)
Potongan II-II
ΣMG = 0
RAV.3 – (P1+P6).3 – F1.x = 0
590,84 . 3 – (133,96+33,75).3 – F2 .1,722 =0
1269,39 – F2 . 1,772 = 0

1269,39
- F2 =
1,772
F2 = 716,360 kg (Tarik)
ΣME = 0
RAV.6 – (P1+P6).6 + F10.x – (P2+P7).3 + F5.3 = 0
590,84 . 6 – (133,96+33,75).6 + (-716,360).1,722 – (227,92+67,5).3 + F5.3 = 0
418,948 + F5 . 3 = 0
−418,948
F5 =
3
F5 = -139,649 kg (Tekan)
Potongan III-III
Tan 35 = x
0,7 = x/6
x = 4,2
y 4,2
=
sin 35 sin 90
y = 2,410
z 4,2
=
sin 55 sin 90
z = 3,439

ΣME = 0
RAV.6 – (P1+P6).6 – (P2+P7).3 + F11.Z = 0
590,84 . 6 – (133,96+33,75).6 – (-716,360).1,722 – (227,92+67,5).3 + F11.3,439 = 0
2886,091 + F11 . 3,439 = 0
−2886,091
F11 =
3,439
F11 = -839,223 kg (Tekan)
ΣMA = 0
(P2+P7).3 + F6.y + F11.z = 0
(227,92+67,5).3 + F6 . 2,41 + (-839,223). 3,349 = 0
-1919,262 + F6 . 2,41 = 0
1919,262
F6 =
2,41
F6 = 796,374 kg (Tarik)
Potongan IV-IV

ΣV = 0
-P3 – F7 – (F11.sin 35) – (F2.sin 35) = 0
-227,92 – F7 – ((-839,223).0,574) – ((716,360).0,574) = 0
-157,396 – F7 = 0
F7 = 157,396 kg (Tarik)
No. Batang Tekan (kg) Tarik (kg)
F1 716,360
F2 716,360
F3 716,360
F4 716,360
F5 139,649
F6 796,374
F7 157,39
F8 796,374
F9 139,649
F10 716,360
F11 839,223
F12 839,223
F13 716,360
Baban Angin Kiri

Beban angin pada titik buhul

Angin tekan
WT = jarak gording x L x C x Pa
= 1,456 x 2,5 x 0,3 x 40
= 43,68 kg
WH = jarak gording x L x C x Pa
= 1,456 x 2,5 x 0,4 x 40
= 58,24 kg
Setiap titik buhul menahan 2 gording
WT = 43,68 x 2 = 87,36 kg
WH = 58,24 x 2 = 116,48 kg

WT1 = WT 3 = ½ WT = ½ . 87,36 = 43,68 kg

WT2 = WT = 87,36 kg
WH1 = WH3 = ½ WH = ½ . 116,48 = 58,24 kg
WH2 = WH = 116,48 kg
Reaksi tumpuan angin kiri
Vertikal
WT1 = WT3 = 43,68 . cos 35 = 35,78 kg
ΣKTV = 139,844 kg
WT2 = 83,36 . cos 35 = 68,284 kg
WH1 = WH3 = 58,24 . cos 35 = 47,707 kg
ΣKHV = 190,828 kg
WH2 = 116,48 . cos 35 = 95,414 kg
Horizontal
WT1 = WT3 = 43,68 . sin 35 = 25,05 kg
ΣKTH = 97,913 kg
WT2 = 83,36 . sin 35 = 47,813 kg
WH1 = WH3 = 58,24 . sin 35 = 33,405 kg
ΣKHH = 133,62 kg
WH2 = 116,48 . sin 35 = 66,81 kg

REAKSI PERLETAKAN
ΣMB = 0
RAV.12–(WT1.cos35).12–(WT2.cos35).9–(WT3.cos 35).6+(WH1.cos 35).6+(WH2.cos 35).3=0
RAV.12 – (35,78).12 – (68,284).9 – (35,78).6 + (47,707).6 + (95,414).3 = 0
RAV.12 – 686,112 = 0
RAV = 57,176 kg (tarik)

ΣMA = 0
-RBV.12–(WH3.cos35).12–(WH2.cos35).9–(WH1.cos35).6+(WT3.cos35).6+(WT2.cos 35).3=0
-RBV.12 – (47,707).12 – (95,414).9 – (47,707).6 + (35,78).6 + (68,284).3 = 0
-RBV.12 – 1297,92 = 0
RBV = -108,16 kg (tekan)

ΣKH = 0
RAH + ΣKHH + ΣKTH = 0
RAH + 133,62 + 97,913 = 0
RAH = -231,533

CHECK !!!
Vertikal
(RAV + RBV) + (ΣKHV – ΣKTV) = 0
(57,176 + (-108,16) + (190,828 – 139,844) = 0
(-50,984) + 50,984 = 0
0=0
“OKE”
PERHITUNGAN GAYA BATANG DENGAN METODE RITTER

Potongan I-I
x 3
=
sin 35 sin 90
x = 1,722
ΣMD = 0
RAV.3 – (WT1 cos 35).3 + F10.x = 0
57,176. 3 – (35,78).3 + F10 .1,722 = 0
64,188 + F10 . 1,772 = 0
−64,188
F10 =
1,772
F10 = -36,223 kg (Tekan)
ΣMG = 0
RAV.3 – (WT1 cos 35).3 + RAH.x – F1.x = 0
57,176. 3 – (35,78).3 + (231,533).1,772 – F1 .1,722 = 0
474,464– F1 . 1,772 = 0
−474,464
- F1 =
1,772
F1 = 267,756 kg (Tarik)
Potongan II-II
ΣMG = 0
RAV.3 – (WT1 cos 35).3 + RAH.x – F2.x = 0
57,176. 3 – (35,78).3 + (231,533).1,772 – F2 .1,722 = 0
474,464– F2 . 1,772 = 0
−474,464
- F2 =
1,772
F2 = 267,756 kg (Tarik)
ΣME = 0
RAV.6 – (WT1 cos 35).6 + F10.x – (WT2 cos 35).3 + F5.3 = 0
57,176 . 6 – (35,78).6 + (-36,223).1,722 – (68,284).3 + F5.3 = 0
- 138,852 + F5 . 3 = 0
138,852
F5 =
3
F5 = 46,284 kg (Tarik)
Potongan III-III
Tan 35 = x
0,7 = x/6
x = 4,2
y 4,2
=
sin 35 sin 90
y = 2,410
z 4,2
=
sin 55 sin 90
z = 3,439

ΣME = 0
RAV.6 – (WT1 cos 35).6 – (WT2 cos 35).3 + F11.Z = 0
57,176 . 6 – (35,78).6 – (68,284).3 + F11.3,439 = 0
-76,476 + F11 . 3,439 = 0
76,476
F11 =
3,439
F11 = 22,237 kg (Tarik)
ΣMC = 0
RAV.6 + RAH.4,2 – (WT1 cos 35).6 – (WT2 cos 35).3 – F2.4,2 + F6. y = 0
57,176 . 6 + (231,533).4,2 – (35,78).6 – (68,284).3 – 267,756 . 4,2 + F6 . 2,41 = 0
-288,612 + F6 . 2,41 = 0
288,612
F6 =
2,41
F6 = 119,756 kg (Tarik)
Potongan IV-IV
x 3
=
sin 35 sin 90
x = 1,722
ΣMF = 0
RBV.3 – (WH3 cos 35).3 – F13.x = 0
108,16 . 3 – (47,707).3 – F13 .1,722 = 0
181,359 – F13 . 1,772 = 0
−181,359
-F13 =
1,772
F13 = 102,347 kg (Tarik)
ΣMH = 0
RBV.3 – (WH3 cos 35).3 + F4.x = 0
108,16 . 3 – (47,707).3 + F4 .1,722 = 0
181,359 + F4 . 1,772 = 0
−181,359
F4 =
1,772
F4 = -102,347 kg (Tekan)
Potongan V-V
ΣMH = 0
RBV.3 – (WH3 cos 35).3 + F3.x = 0
108,16 . 3 – (47,707).3 + F3 .1,722 = 0
181,359 + F3 . 1,772 = 0
−181,359
F3 =
1,772
F3 = -102,347 kg (Tekan)
ΣME = 0
RBV.6 – (WH3 cos 35).6 – (WH2 cos 35).3 – F13.x – F9.3 = 0
108,16 . 6 – (47,707).6 – (95,414).3 – (102,347).1,772 – F9 . 3 = 0
-104,882 + F9 . 3 = 0
−104,882
F9 =
3
F9 = - 34,960 kg (Tekan)
Potongan VI-VI
y 4,2
=
sin 55 sin 90
y = 3,439
z 4,2
=
sin 35 sin 90
z = 2,410

ΣME = 0
RBV.6 – (WH3 cos 35).6 – (WH2 cos 35).3 – F12.y = 0
108,16 . 6 – (47,707).6 – (95,414).3 – F12 . 3,439 = 0
76,476 – F12 . 3,439 = 0
−76,476
-F12 =
3,439
F12 = 22,237 kg (Tarik)
ΣMC = 0
RBV.6 – (WH3 cos 35).6 – (WH2 cos 35).3 + F3.4,2 + F8.z = 0
108,16 . 6 – (47,707).6 – (95,414).3 + (-102,347) . 4,2 + F8.2,41 = 0
-353,381 + F8 . 2,41 = 0
353,381
F8 =
2,41
F8 = 146,631 kg (Tarik)
Potongan VII-VII

ΣV = 0
-F11 sin 35 – F7 – F12 sin 35 + WH1 cos 35 – WT3 cos 35 = 0
-22,237 . 0,574 – F7 – 22,237 . 0,574 + 47,707 – 35,78 = 0
-13,0006 – F7 = 0
F7 = -13 kg (Tekan)
Tabel gaya batang angin kiri
No. Batang Tekan (kg) Tarik (kg)
F1 267,756
F2 267,756
F3 102,347
F4 102,347
F5 46,284
F6 119,756
F7 13,0006
F8 146,631
F9 34,960
F10 36,223
F11 22,237
F12 22,237
F13 102,347
Beban Angin Kanan

Beban angin pada titik buhul

Angin tekan
WT = jarak gording x L x C x Pa
= 1,456 x 2,5 x 0,3 x 40
= 43,68 kg
WH = jarak gording x L x C x Pa
= 1,456 x 2,5 x 0,4 x 40
= 58,24 kg
Setiap titik buhul menahan 2 gording
WT = 43,68 x 2 = 87,36 kg
WH = 58,24 x 2 = 116,48 kg

WT1 = WT 3 = ½ WT = ½ . 87,36 = 43,68 kg

WT2 = WT = 87,36 kg
WH1 = WH3 = ½ WH = ½ . 116,48 = 58,24 kg
WH2 = WH = 116,48 kg
Reaksi tumpuan angin kiri
Vertikal
WT1 = WT3 = 43,68 . cos 35 = 35,78 kg
ΣKTV = 139,844 kg
WT2 = 83,36 . cos 35 = 68,284 kg
WH1 = WH3 = 58,24 . cos 35 = 47,707 kg
ΣKHV = 190,828 kg
WH2 = 116,48 . cos 35 = 95,414 kg
Horizontal
WT1 = WT3 = 43,68 . sin 35 = 25,05 kg
ΣKTH = 97,913 kg
WT2 = 83,36 . sin 35 = 47,813 kg
WH1 = WH3 = 58,24 . sin 35 = 33,405 kg
ΣKHH = 133,62 kg
WH2 = 116,48 . sin 35 = 66,81 kg

REAKSI PERLETAKAN
ΣMB = 0
RAV.12+(WH1.cos35).12+(WH2.cos35).9+(WH3.cos 35).6–(WT1.cos35).6–(WT2.cos 35).3=0
RAV.12 + (47,707).12 + (95,414).9 + (47,707).6 – (35,78).6 – (68,284).3 = 0
RAV.12 + 1297,92 = 0
RAV = -108,16 kg (tekan)

ΣMA = 0
-RBV.12+(WT3.cos35).12+(WT2.cos35).9+(WT1.cos35).6–(WH1.cos35).6–(WH2.cos 35).3=0
-RBV.12 + (35,78).12 + (68,284).9 + (35,78).6 – (47,707).6 – (95,414).3 = 0
-RBV.12 + 686,112= 0
RBV = 57,176 kg (tekan)

ΣKH = 0
RAH – ΣKHH – ΣKTH = 0
RAH – 133,62 – 97,913 = 0
RAH = 231,533 kg

CHECK !!!
Vertikal
(RAV + RBV) + (ΣKHV – ΣKTV) = 0
(-108,16) + 57,176 + (190,828 – 139,844) = 0
(-50,984) + 50,984 = 0
0=0
“OKE”
Perhitungan gaya batang dengan metode Ritter
Potongan I-I
x 3
=
sin 35 sin 90
x = 1,722
ΣMD = 0
-RAV.3 + (WH1 cos 35).3 + F10.x = 0
-108,16. 3 + (47,707).3 + F10 .1,722 = 0
-181,359 + F10 . 1,772 = 0
181,359
F10 =
1,772
F10 = 102,347 kg (Tarik)
ΣMG = 0
RAV.3 + (WH1 cos 35).3 – RAH.x – F1.x = 0
-108,16 . 3 + (47,707).3 – (231,533).1,772 – F1 .1,722 = 0
-591,635 – F1 . 1,772 = 0
591,635
F1 =
−1,772
F1 = -333,879 kg (Tekan)
Potongan II-II
ΣMG = 0
RAV.3 + (WH1 cos 35).3 – RAH.x – F2.x = 0
108,16 . 3 + (47,707).3 – (231,533).1,772 – F2 .1,722 = 0
-591,635 – F2 . 1,772 = 0
591,635
F2 =
−1,772
F2 = -333,879 kg (Tekan)
ΣME = 0
-RAV.6 + (WH1 cos 35).6 + F10.x + (WH2 cos 35).3 + F5.3 = 0
-108,16 . 6 + (47,707).6 + (102,347).1,722 + (95,414).3 + F5.3 = 0
99,756 + F5 . 3 = 0
−99,756
F5 =
3
F5 = -33,252 kg (Tekan)
Potongan III-III
Tan 35 = x
0,7 = x/6
x = 4,2
y 4,2
=
sin 35 sin 90
y = 2,410
z 4,2
=
sin 55 sin 90
z = 3,439

ΣME = 0
-RAV.6 + (WH1 cos 35).6 + (WH2 cos 35).3 + F11.z = 0
-108,16 . 6 + (47,707).6 + (95,414).3 + F11.3,439 = 0
-76,476 + F11 . 3,439 = 0
76,476
F11 =
3,439
F11 = 22,237 kg (Tarik)
ΣMC = 0
-RAV.6 – RAH.4,2 + (WH1 cos 35).6 + (WH2 cos 35).3 – F2.4,2 – F6. y = 0
-108,16 . 6 – (231,533).4,2 + (47,707).6 + (95,414).3 – -333,879. 4,2 – F6 . 2,41 = 0
-2451,206 – F6 . 2,41 = 0
2451,206
-F6 =
2,41
F6 = -1017,097 kg (Tekan)
Potongan IV-IV
x 3
=
sin 35 sin 90
x = 1,722
ΣMF = 0
-RBV.3 + (WT3 cos 35).3 – F13.x = 0
-57,176. 3 + (35,78).3 – F13 .1,722 = 0
-64,188 – F13 . 1,772 = 0
64,188
-F13 =
1,772
F13 = -36,223 kg (Tekan)
ΣMH = 0
-RBV.3 + (WT3 cos 35).3 + F4.x = 0
-57,176. 3 + (35,78).3 + F4 .1,722 = 0
-64,188+ F4 . 1,772 = 0
64,188
F4 =
1,772
F4 = 36,223 kg (Tarik)
Potongan V-V
ΣMH = 0
-RBV.3 + (WT3 cos 35).3 + F3.x = 0
-57,176. 3 + (35,78).3 + F3 .1,722 = 0
-64,188 + F3 . 1,772 = 0
64,188
F3 =
1,772
F3 = 36,223 kg (Tarik)
ΣME = 0
-RBV.6 + (WT3 cos 35).6 + (WT2 cos 35).3 – F13.x – F9.3 = 0
-57,176. 6 + (35,78).6 + (68,284).3 – (36,223).1,772 – F9 . 3 = 0
12,288 + F9 . 3 = 0
−12,288
F9 =
3
F9 = -4,096 kg (Tekan)
Potongan VI-VI

y 4,2
=
sin 55 sin 90
y = 3,439
z 4,2
=
sin 35 sin 90
z = 2,410
ΣME = 0
-RBV.6 + (WT3 cos 35).6 + (WT2 cos 35).3 – F12.y = 0
-57,176. 6 + (35,78).6 + (68,284).3 – F12 . 3,439 = 0
76,476 – F12 . 3,439 = 0
−76,476
-F12 =
3,439
F12 = 22,237 kg (Tarik)
ΣMC = 0
-RBV.6 + (WT3 cos 35).6 + (WT2 cos 35).3 + F3.4,2 + F8.z = 0
-57,176. 6 + (35,78).6 + (68,284).3 + 36,223 . 4,2 + F8.2,41 = 0
-353,381 + F8 . 2,41 = 0
353,381
F8 =
2,41
F8 = 146,631 kg (Tarik)
Potongan VII-VII

ΣV = 0
-F11 sin 35 – F7 – F12 sin 35 + WH3 cos 35 – WT1 cos 35 = 0
-22,237. 0,574 – F7 – 22,237. 0,574 + 47,707 – 35,78 = 0
-13,601 – F7 = 0
F7 = -13,601 kg (Tekan)

Tabel gaya batang angin kanan

No. Batang Tekan (kg) Tarik (kg)
F1 333,879
F2 333,879
F3 36,223
F4 36,223
F5 33,252
F6 1017,097
F7 13,601
F8 146,631
F9 4,096
F10 102,347
F11 22,237
F12 22,237
F13 36,223
NO BEBAN P (A) Kg BEBAN ANGIN BEBAN ANGIN KOMBINASI 1 KOMBINASI 2 KOMBINASI 3 GAYA YANG
KIRI (B) Kg KANAN (C) Kg (A+B) (B+C) (A+C) DIGUNAKAN (Kg)
TEKAN TARI TEKAN TARI TEKAN TARIK TEKAN TARI TEKAN TARIK TEKAN TARI TEKAN TARIK
K K K K
1 716,360 267,756 333,879 0 984,116 333,879 267,756 333,879 716,36 0 984,116
2 716,360 267,756 333,879 0 984,116 333,879 267,756 333,879 716,36 0 984,116
3 716,360 102,347 36,223 102,347 716,36 102,347 36,223 0 752,583 0 752,583
4 716,360 102,347 36,223 102,347 716,36 102,347 36,223 0 752,583 0 752,583
5 139,649 46,284 33,252 139,649 46,284 33,252 46,284 172,901 0 172,901 0
6 796,374 119,756 1017,097 0 916,13 1017,097 119,756 1017,097 796,374 1017,097 0
7 157,39 13,0006 13,601 13,0006 157,39 26,6016 0 13,601 157,39 0 157,39
8 796,374 146,631 146,631 0 943,005 0 293,262 0 943,005 0 943,005
9 139,649 34,960 4,096 174,609 0 39,056 0 143,745 0 174,609 0
10 716,360 36,223 102,347 752,583 0 36,223 102,347 716,36 102,347 752,583 0
11 839,223 22,237 22,237 839,223 22,237 0 44,474 839,223 22,237 839,223 0
12 839,223 22,237 22,237 839,223 22,237 0 44,474 839,223 22,237 839,223 0
13 716,360 102,347 36,223 716,36 102,347 36,223 102,347 752,583 0 752,583 0
Perhitungan Gaya Batang
Batang 1 dan 2
- Gaya batang P (max) = 984,116 kg
- Faktor perlemahan sambungan = 25 %
- Panjang batang = 3,00 m
Misal dipakai : b = 8 dan h = 12
F bruto = 8 x 12 = 96 cm2
F netto = 96 – (96 x 25 %) = 72 cm2
Kontrol
P 984,116
Ttk = = = 13,668 kg/cm 2 ≤ Ttk = 27,813 kg/cm 2
netto 72

Batang 3 dan 4
- Gaya batang P (max) = 752,583 kg
- Faktor perlemahan sambungan = 25 %
- Panjang batang = 3,00 m
Misal dipakai : b = 8 dan h = 12
F bruto = 8 x 12 = 96 cm2
F netto = 96 – (96 x 25 %) = 72 cm 2
Kontrol
P 752,583
Ttk = = = 10,452 kg/cm2 ≤ Ttk = 27,813 kg/cm2
netto 72

Batang 5
- Gaya batang P (max) = 172,901 kg
- Faktor perlemahan sambungan = 25 %
- Panjang batang = 2,1 m
Misal dipakai : b = 8 dan h = 12
F bruto = 8 x 12 = 96 cm2
F netto = 96 – (96 x 25 %) = 72 cm2
Kontrol
P 172,901
Ttk = = = 2.401 kg/cm 2 ≤ Ttk = 27,813 kg/cm2
netto 72

Batang 6
- Gaya batang P (max) = 1017,097 kg
- Faktor perlemahan sambungan = 25 %
- Panjang batang = 3,658 m
Misal dipakai : b = 8 dan h = 12
F bruto = 8 x 12 = 96 cm2
F netto = 96 – (96 x 25 %) = 72 cm 2
Kontrol
P 1017,097
Ttk = = = 14,126 kg/cm2 ≤ Ttk = 27,813 kg/cm2
netto 72
Batang 7
- Gaya batang P (max) = 157,39 kg
- Faktor perlemahan sambungan = 25 %
- Panjang batang = 4,2 m
Misal dipakai : b = 8 dan h = 12
F bruto = 8 x 12 = 96 cm2
F netto = 96 – (96 x 25 %) = 72 cm2
Kontrol
P 157,39
Ttk = = = 2,185 kg/cm 2 ≤ Ttk = 27,813 kg/cm 2
netto 72

Batang 8
- Gaya batang P (max) = 943,005 kg
- Faktor perlemahan sambungan = 25 %
- Panjang batang = 3,658 m
Misal dipakai : b = 8 dan h = 12
F bruto = 8 x 12 = 96 cm2
F netto = 96 – (96 x 25 %) = 72 cm 2
Kontrol
P 943,005
Ttk = = = 13,097 kg/cm2 ≤ Ttk = 27,813 kg/cm2
netto 72

Batang 9
- Gaya batang P (max) = 174,609 kg
- Faktor perlemahan sambungan = 25 %
- Panjang batang = 2,1 m
Misal dipakai : b = 8 dan h = 12
F bruto = 8 x 12 = 96 cm2
F netto = 96 – (96 x 25 %) = 72 cm2
Kontrol
P 174,609
Ttk = = = 2,425 kg/cm 2 ≤ Ttk = 27,813 kg/cm2
netto 72

Batang 10 dan 13
- Gaya batang P (max) = 752,589 kg
- Faktor perlemahan sambungan = 25 %
- Panjang batang = 3,663 m
Misal dipakai : b = 8 dan h = 12
F bruto = 8 x 12 = 96 cm2
F netto = 96 – (96 x 25 %) = 72 cm 2
Kontrol
P 752,589
Ttk = = = 10,452 kg/cm2 ≤ Ttk = 27,813 kg/cm2
netto 72
Batang 11 dan 12
- Gaya batang P (max) = 839,223kg
- Faktor perlemahan sambungan = 25 %
- Panjang batang = 3,663 m
Misal dipakai : b = 8 dan h = 12
F bruto = 8 x 12 = 96 cm2
F netto = 96 – (96 x 25 %) = 72 cm2
Kontrol
P 839,223
Ttk = = = 11,655 kg/cm 2 ≤ Ttk = 27,813 kg/cm 2
netto 72
Sketsa Rangka Batang

No. Panjang Batang (cm) Penampang (cm) Gaya Batang (kg)

1 3 8 x 12 984,116
2 3 8 x 12 984,116
3 3 8 x 12 752,583
4 3 8 x 12 752,583
5 2,1 8 x 12 172,901
6 3,658 8 x 12 1017,097
7 4,2 8 x 12 157,39
8 3,658 8 x 12 943,005
9 2,1 8 x 12 174,609
10 3,663 8 x 12 752,583
11 3,663 8 x 12 839,223
12 3,663 8 x 12 839,223
13 3,663 8 x 12 752,583
PERHITUNGAN SAMBUNGAN
1. Buhul A - B

H1 = 984,116 kg 8/12 cm
S10 = 716,360 8/12 cm
Karena yang disambung batang S10 maka digunakan gaya batang ∂ = 1/4 , B = 1

Dipakai sambungan gigi

716,360
P// =
1−0,25 . sin 35
= 836,380
Dipilih sambungan gigi persegi 4 x 4”, 10 x 10 cm baut ¾” yang mendukung beban
maksimal 1,7 ton 1700 kg
P /¿
n =
P gigi
836,380
= =0,491 ~ dipakai 2 buah kokot 1 stel
1700

2. Buhul G – H

S10 = 716,360 8/12 cm

S5 = 139,649 8/12 cm
S11 = 839,223 8/12 cm

Dipakai sambungan gigi

839,223
P// =
1−0,25 . sin 35
= 979,828
Dipilih sambungan gigi persegi 4 x 4”, 10 x 10 cm baut ¾” yang mendukung beban
maksimal 1,7 ton 1700 kg
P /¿
n =
P gigi
836,380
= =0,576 ~ dipakai 2 buah kokot 1 stel
1700
3. Buhul E

S6 = 796,374 8/12 cm
S8 = 796,374 8/12 cm

Dipakai sambungan gigi

796,374
P// =
1−0,25 . sin 35
= 929,800
Dipilih sambungan gigi bulat 3 ¼ ”, 9,5 cm baut 5/8” yang mendukung beban maksimal
0,8 ton 800 kg
P /¿
n =
P gigi
929,800
= =1,162 ~ dipakai 2 buah kokot 1 stel
800
4. Buhul C

S11 = 839,223 8/12 cm

S12 = 839,223 8/12 cm
S7 = 157,39 8/12 cm

Dipakai sambungan gigi

839,223
P// =
1−0,25 . sin 35
= 979,828
Dipilih sambungan gigi bulat 3 ¾ ”, 9,5 cm baut 3/4” yang mendukung beban maksimal
1,2 ton 1200 kg
P /¿
n =
P gigi
9 79,828
= =0,816 ~ dipakai 2 buah kokot 1 stel
1200
5. Buhul D – F

S5 = 139,649 8/12 cm

Dipakai sambungan gigi

139,649
P// =
1−0,25 . sin 35
= 163,046
Dipilih sambungan gigi bulat 2”, 4,8 cm baut 5/8” yang mendukung beban maksimal
0,5 ton 500 kg
P /¿
n =
P gigi
 139,649
= =0,279 ~ dipakai 2 buah kokot 1 stel
500
Titik Buhul G-H

Dengan menggunakan baut dan gigi

a. Sambungan antara S10 dan S11
Sambungan tampang I
Ukuran kayu 8 x 12 cm
S10 = 716,360 kg
σtk// = 94,563 kg/cm 2
σth =27,813 kg/cm2
α = 35⁰
konstruksi terlindung B = 1
baut yang digunakan O 5/8” = 1,6 cm
P1 = 100 x d x b (1-0,6.sin α)
= 100 x 1,6 x 8 (1-0,6. Sin 35)
= 839,493 kg P min = 839,493 x 1,25
= 1049,366 kg
P2 = 430 x d 2 x (1-0,35.sin α)
= 430 x 1,62 x (1-0,35 . sin 35)
= 879,813 kg
P 716,360
Jumlah baut yang dipakai = = = 0,682 ~ 1 buah
P min 1049,366
Jadi jumlah baut yang digunakan : 1 O 5/8
Tebal plat yang digunakan : 4 mm

b. Sambungan antara S5 dan S6 menggunakan baut

S6 = 796,374 kg
τ// = 13,35 kg/cm2

σm max = ¼ . 13,35 = 3,338 cm

σtk α = σtk// - (σtk// - σth ). Sin α
= 94,563 – (94,563 – 27,813) . sin 35
= 56,277 kg/cm 2
σtk ½ α = σtk// - (σtk// - σth ). Sin ½ α
= 94,563 – (94,563 – 27,813) . sin ½ 35
= 74,491 kg/cm2
S 6 . c os 2 ½ α S 6 . cos α
τm = Lm = =
b . σtk ½ α b . τ /¿
796,374 . cos 35
8. 13,35
796,374 . cos2 17,5
= = 6,107 cm
8 . 74,491
= 1,094 < σtm max = 3 cm (aman)
Dimensi plat penyambung σn = 1335 kg
P 796,374
σ= = = kg/cm2
b x σn 8 . 1335

Titik D

Sambungan batang F1 dan F2 dengan F5

sambungan dengan menggunakan baut O 5/8” = 1,6 cm
P1 = 100 x d x b (1-0,6.sin α)
= 100 x 1,6 x 8 (1-0,6. Sin 35)
= 839,493 kg P min = 839,493 x 1,25
= 1049,366 kg
P2 = 430 x d 2 x (1-0,35.sin α)
= 430 x 1,62 x (1-0,35 . sin 35)
= 879,813 kg
P 839,493
Jumlah baut yang dipakai = = = 0,954 ~ 2 buah
P min 879,813
Jadi jumlah baut yang digunakan : 2 O 5/8
Tebal plat yang digunakan : 4 mm