Papers by prem k sundaram
International Journal of Chemical Studies, 2019
Corrosion rate helps in understanding the vulnerability of metals to corrosion. An experiment was... more Corrosion rate helps in understanding the vulnerability of metals to corrosion. An experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of liquid fertilizer (Urea Ammonium Nitrate) with different dissolution ratio with water on the corrosion rate of different metals. Three dissolution ratios of UAN and water viz. 1:0, 1: 5 and 1:10 were used for corrosion treatment. Metal coupons of three metallurgiesstainless steel (SS), mild steel (C1010 grade) and mild steel (commercial) were used for the study. The corrosion coupons were fully suspended in the fertilizer solutions inside the airtight glass jars. Metal corrosion coupons started corroding within 24 hours. The metal coupons were weighed after 281, 681 and 1025 h. The average corrosion rates were 0.55 mm per year and 0.311 mmy-1 for MS (Commercial) and MS C1010, respectively.
Keywords: corrosion rate, metal coupons, Urea ammonium nitrate, fertilizer
Agricultural Mechanization in Asia, Africa, and Latin America, 2014
Fuel mixtures like ethanol-diesel blend, diesel-vegetable oil, alcohol vegetable oil, alcohol-die... more Fuel mixtures like ethanol-diesel blend, diesel-vegetable oil, alcohol vegetable oil, alcohol-diesel-vegetable oil, ester of vegetable oil-diesel are used as fuel for Compression Ignition (CI) engines. Vegetable and rice bran oil are also being used
satisfactorily for partial replacement of the diesel fuel. In the present study, the performance of CI engine fuelled by Rice bran oil methyl ester ethanol blends was evaluated and compared with diesel. Increase in proportion of ethanol in blends decreased the emission of exhaust gases.The engine produced almost similar power on all the fuel blends and its brake thermal efficiency was higher on blended fuel. Though at
higher percentage of ethanol, the blends had more brake specific fuel consumption but at the same time the thermal efficiency also increased with increase in ethanol percentage.
The experimental results proved that the use of ethanol blended biodiesel in compression ignition engines is a viable alternative to diesel.
Environment & Ecology, Jul 17, 2014
Alternative fuels like hydrogen, CNG, LNG, producer gas, biogas, alcohols, vegetable oils are bei... more Alternative fuels like hydrogen, CNG, LNG, producer gas, biogas, alcohols, vegetable oils are being explored around the globe with a view to supplement fuels and reduce environmental pollution.
The alcohol fuels could not be exploited on a large scale because the petroleum fuels were abundant, cheap and easy to produce. Rice bran oil methyl ester-ethanol blends were evaluated for its suitability as fuel in terms of stability, viscosity, heating value,
API gravity, flash and fire point and other fuel properties.The characteristic fuel properties indicate that the blends of rice bran oil methyl ester with ethanol are feasible and can be used as fuel in diesel engine. The kinematic viscosity of rice bran oil methyl ester (RBOME) was found about 2.12 times higher than that of diesel. The flash and fire point of rice bran oil methyl ester was found to be 168°C and 175°C while for anhydrous ethanol it was 19°C and 23°C respectively. The fuel properties of the blends were found to be suitable for use in compression ignition engine.
vol 5 (3), May 1, 2014
A pedal operated makhana grader was designed and developed at ICAR Research Complex for Eastern R... more A pedal operated makhana grader was designed and developed at ICAR Research Complex for Eastern Region, Patna for small makhana growing farmers. It consists of three major components, namely main frame, sieve unit and operator unit. The grading unit was found to be very efficient in the separation process of makhana seeds. Seeds were graded by the machine, into four categories, obtained at four separate outlets. The maximum seed
graded for grade one, two, three and four were 99.15, 98.74, 95.68 and 83.65 percent, respectively and obtained at crank speed of 45 rpm and sieve angle of 15 degrees. The capacity is about 700-750 kg/hour. Two persons are required for the smooth operation of the grader, one for pedaling and one for filling makhana seeds from the sieve mouth.
JOURNAL OF AGRISEARCH, Jun 3, 2014
"This review article scrutiniz some of the vibrant technologies developed/ refined/ adopted to im... more "This review article scrutiniz some of the vibrant technologies developed/ refined/ adopted to improve agricultural system productivity in the Eastern Indo Gangetic plains. Efficient agronomic research and technological development for improving
agricultural productivity in eastern region are the only options to feed our people under this difficult situation. These tested and refined technologies are not only capable of improving productivity in a sustainable manner but are equally efficient
in minimizing the outbreak of insects and disease pests. Important agrotechnology developed and refined for Eastern Region conditions are briefly discussed in this article."
AMA-AGRICULTURAL MECHANIZATION IN ASIA AFRICA AND LATIN AMERICA, Jun 1, 2010
Mechanization of field operations on experimental plots is considered a key input to agricultural... more Mechanization of field operations on experimental plots is considered a key input to agricultural research. However, with the introduction of mechanized, accurate and reliable planting systems, even small yield gains made in varietal improvement
may easily be noticed. The use of machines facilitates precision
and timeliness in operation and reduces drudgery, which are
all critical to the productivity of crops. The tractor drawn Oyjord
plot drill (Wintersteiger) was evaluated for seed placement unifbrmity at four operational speeds (4, 5, 6 and 7 kmih) and two types of seeds IRapeseed(B rassicaju ncea L.) and Pea (Pisum sativum L.)l with three levels of seed rate in each case. The experimental work was carried out at the Crop Research Centre of
GBPUA&T, PantanagarT. he plot drill seed uniformity was described with respect to coefficient of uniformity and standard deviation. Results showed that an average seed drop could not be achieved in to ground wheel skid. Seed rate and speed of operation did not have significant effect on coefficient of uniformity between rows for rapeseed( Brassica juncea L.), while speed of operation had a highly significant (1 %) effect for peas (Pisum sativum L.). At 4 km/h, standard deviation was minimum( 0 . 1 0 , 0 . 14 and 0 . 19 at 2.5 , 3.0 and 3.5 kg/ha seed rate for rapeseed(Brassicaju nceaL . ) and 0.09,0.10 and 0.17 at 80, 85 and 90 kg/ha seed rate for pea, respectively).The plot seed drill covered more distance than the selected test run, as per manufacturer's calibration table.where the percent variation in
distance coverage was almost equal to the ground wheel skid. Therefore,in order to obtain correct seed rate the quantity of seed for a particular distance had to be increased or distance shown in the calibration table had to be decreased in accordance with the ground wheel skid.
Journal of AgriSearch, Mar 27, 2014
Various physical and mechanical properties of three different germplasm of faba bean seeds were ... more Various physical and mechanical properties of three different germplasm of faba bean seeds were evaluated.The average seed length of germplasm IC-0595985,IC-0595986 and IC-0595991were 8.71±0.66, 8.47±0.50 and 7.93±0.65mm,respectively. The three Indian germplasm of faba bean were found much lesser in dimension compared to the Egyptian varieties of faba bean. The geometricmean diameter, sphericity, thousand seeds mass and porosity were alsodetermined.The averages of bulk density were 0.923±0.008, 0.918±0.014 and0.88±0.002 g/cc, for germplasm IC-0595985, IC-0595986 and IC-0595991respectively .The coefficient of friction of seeds on two surfaces viz plywoodand galvanized iron sheet were determined and it was observed that it was highest (0.42 ± 0.022) for plywood and lowest (0.38 ± 0.011) for GI sheet.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND STATISTICAL SCIENCES, Jan 19, 2012
Teaching Documents by prem k sundaram
TECHNICAL BULLETIN
In the first green revolution the intensive agriculture through conventional method has been succ... more In the first green revolution the intensive agriculture through conventional method has been successful in enhancing production level of cereals, but simultaneously led to degration of natural resources. For ever growing population and requirements for other sectors land and water resources for agriculture purpose are getting scare day by day, a serious t hreat to food security. The new challenges demand efficient resource use by adopting resource conserving technologies to fulfill the country's requirements. Conservation agriculture has emerged as a way for sustainable intensive crop production system and can save huge manpower involvement, water and energy requirements in agriculture.
Books by prem k sundaram
Energy is an essential input for economic development and improving the quality of life. Now-a-da... more Energy is an essential input for economic development and improving the quality of life. Now-a-days power and prestige of any nation depends upon its energy security. With the stock of conventional fossil fuels on the verge of exhaustion, regular hike in their prices, increasing demand for energy based comforts, time is ripe to strike a balance between energy security and energy usage. Among the renewable alternative liquid fuels, there has been revitalized allure in alcohols on account of their clean burning properties, reduced tailpipe emissions and easy production in most parts of the world from selected biomass including agricultural waste. Spark ignition engines, which are fuelled with gasoline work satisfactorily with straight alcohol fuels or their blends with gasoline. The alcohol fuels could not be exploited on a large scale because the petroleum fuels were abundant, cheap and easy to produce.
Journal of AgriSearch Vol 7(2) by prem k sundaram
India is currently trying hard to get a status of
$5.0 trillion economy. Agriculture contributes
... more India is currently trying hard to get a status of
$5.0 trillion economy. Agriculture contributes
$400 billion to the Indian economy, which is 2nd
after China. To achieve this mammoth national
target, all sectors of economy viz., agriculture,
industry and service have to perform
outstanding. To achieve this target, total export
should be of $1.0 trillion annually and share of
agriculture and the allied sector should be 10
%.To achieve $100 million agri-export, smart
agriculture is pivotal to sustain our products at
international level. Agritech startup can play a
vital role in this endeavour; however, the
bottleneck should be removed with in the least
possible time. If we succeed in this endeavour,
this will not only lead to enhance per capita
income from the current $1800 to $3600 but also
d o u b l e t h e i n c o m e f r o m f a r m i n g
systematically. Unfortunately, due to
worldwide attack of global pandemic of Covid-
2019 disease, every sphere of life has been
severely paralysed. Agriculture sector was less
affected as the food grain output was recorded
highest ever (295.67MT) and sector growth 3.7
% in absolute term and 11.3% on the current
price, during 2019-20. India will get rid off of
such disasters relatively faster as compared to
other nations, but this has the potential to push
forward our economic dream to beam reality
atleast for a year or so.Probably India would be
able to achieve the tag of $5.0 trillion economy
not sooner than 2026-27.
Uploads
Papers by prem k sundaram
Keywords: corrosion rate, metal coupons, Urea ammonium nitrate, fertilizer
satisfactorily for partial replacement of the diesel fuel. In the present study, the performance of CI engine fuelled by Rice bran oil methyl ester ethanol blends was evaluated and compared with diesel. Increase in proportion of ethanol in blends decreased the emission of exhaust gases.The engine produced almost similar power on all the fuel blends and its brake thermal efficiency was higher on blended fuel. Though at
higher percentage of ethanol, the blends had more brake specific fuel consumption but at the same time the thermal efficiency also increased with increase in ethanol percentage.
The experimental results proved that the use of ethanol blended biodiesel in compression ignition engines is a viable alternative to diesel.
The alcohol fuels could not be exploited on a large scale because the petroleum fuels were abundant, cheap and easy to produce. Rice bran oil methyl ester-ethanol blends were evaluated for its suitability as fuel in terms of stability, viscosity, heating value,
API gravity, flash and fire point and other fuel properties.The characteristic fuel properties indicate that the blends of rice bran oil methyl ester with ethanol are feasible and can be used as fuel in diesel engine. The kinematic viscosity of rice bran oil methyl ester (RBOME) was found about 2.12 times higher than that of diesel. The flash and fire point of rice bran oil methyl ester was found to be 168°C and 175°C while for anhydrous ethanol it was 19°C and 23°C respectively. The fuel properties of the blends were found to be suitable for use in compression ignition engine.
graded for grade one, two, three and four were 99.15, 98.74, 95.68 and 83.65 percent, respectively and obtained at crank speed of 45 rpm and sieve angle of 15 degrees. The capacity is about 700-750 kg/hour. Two persons are required for the smooth operation of the grader, one for pedaling and one for filling makhana seeds from the sieve mouth.
agricultural productivity in eastern region are the only options to feed our people under this difficult situation. These tested and refined technologies are not only capable of improving productivity in a sustainable manner but are equally efficient
in minimizing the outbreak of insects and disease pests. Important agrotechnology developed and refined for Eastern Region conditions are briefly discussed in this article."
may easily be noticed. The use of machines facilitates precision
and timeliness in operation and reduces drudgery, which are
all critical to the productivity of crops. The tractor drawn Oyjord
plot drill (Wintersteiger) was evaluated for seed placement unifbrmity at four operational speeds (4, 5, 6 and 7 kmih) and two types of seeds IRapeseed(B rassicaju ncea L.) and Pea (Pisum sativum L.)l with three levels of seed rate in each case. The experimental work was carried out at the Crop Research Centre of
GBPUA&T, PantanagarT. he plot drill seed uniformity was described with respect to coefficient of uniformity and standard deviation. Results showed that an average seed drop could not be achieved in to ground wheel skid. Seed rate and speed of operation did not have significant effect on coefficient of uniformity between rows for rapeseed( Brassica juncea L.), while speed of operation had a highly significant (1 %) effect for peas (Pisum sativum L.). At 4 km/h, standard deviation was minimum( 0 . 1 0 , 0 . 14 and 0 . 19 at 2.5 , 3.0 and 3.5 kg/ha seed rate for rapeseed(Brassicaju nceaL . ) and 0.09,0.10 and 0.17 at 80, 85 and 90 kg/ha seed rate for pea, respectively).The plot seed drill covered more distance than the selected test run, as per manufacturer's calibration table.where the percent variation in
distance coverage was almost equal to the ground wheel skid. Therefore,in order to obtain correct seed rate the quantity of seed for a particular distance had to be increased or distance shown in the calibration table had to be decreased in accordance with the ground wheel skid.
Teaching Documents by prem k sundaram
Books by prem k sundaram
Journal of AgriSearch Vol 7(2) by prem k sundaram
$5.0 trillion economy. Agriculture contributes
$400 billion to the Indian economy, which is 2nd
after China. To achieve this mammoth national
target, all sectors of economy viz., agriculture,
industry and service have to perform
outstanding. To achieve this target, total export
should be of $1.0 trillion annually and share of
agriculture and the allied sector should be 10
%.To achieve $100 million agri-export, smart
agriculture is pivotal to sustain our products at
international level. Agritech startup can play a
vital role in this endeavour; however, the
bottleneck should be removed with in the least
possible time. If we succeed in this endeavour,
this will not only lead to enhance per capita
income from the current $1800 to $3600 but also
d o u b l e t h e i n c o m e f r o m f a r m i n g
systematically. Unfortunately, due to
worldwide attack of global pandemic of Covid-
2019 disease, every sphere of life has been
severely paralysed. Agriculture sector was less
affected as the food grain output was recorded
highest ever (295.67MT) and sector growth 3.7
% in absolute term and 11.3% on the current
price, during 2019-20. India will get rid off of
such disasters relatively faster as compared to
other nations, but this has the potential to push
forward our economic dream to beam reality
atleast for a year or so.Probably India would be
able to achieve the tag of $5.0 trillion economy
not sooner than 2026-27.
Keywords: corrosion rate, metal coupons, Urea ammonium nitrate, fertilizer
satisfactorily for partial replacement of the diesel fuel. In the present study, the performance of CI engine fuelled by Rice bran oil methyl ester ethanol blends was evaluated and compared with diesel. Increase in proportion of ethanol in blends decreased the emission of exhaust gases.The engine produced almost similar power on all the fuel blends and its brake thermal efficiency was higher on blended fuel. Though at
higher percentage of ethanol, the blends had more brake specific fuel consumption but at the same time the thermal efficiency also increased with increase in ethanol percentage.
The experimental results proved that the use of ethanol blended biodiesel in compression ignition engines is a viable alternative to diesel.
The alcohol fuels could not be exploited on a large scale because the petroleum fuels were abundant, cheap and easy to produce. Rice bran oil methyl ester-ethanol blends were evaluated for its suitability as fuel in terms of stability, viscosity, heating value,
API gravity, flash and fire point and other fuel properties.The characteristic fuel properties indicate that the blends of rice bran oil methyl ester with ethanol are feasible and can be used as fuel in diesel engine. The kinematic viscosity of rice bran oil methyl ester (RBOME) was found about 2.12 times higher than that of diesel. The flash and fire point of rice bran oil methyl ester was found to be 168°C and 175°C while for anhydrous ethanol it was 19°C and 23°C respectively. The fuel properties of the blends were found to be suitable for use in compression ignition engine.
graded for grade one, two, three and four were 99.15, 98.74, 95.68 and 83.65 percent, respectively and obtained at crank speed of 45 rpm and sieve angle of 15 degrees. The capacity is about 700-750 kg/hour. Two persons are required for the smooth operation of the grader, one for pedaling and one for filling makhana seeds from the sieve mouth.
agricultural productivity in eastern region are the only options to feed our people under this difficult situation. These tested and refined technologies are not only capable of improving productivity in a sustainable manner but are equally efficient
in minimizing the outbreak of insects and disease pests. Important agrotechnology developed and refined for Eastern Region conditions are briefly discussed in this article."
may easily be noticed. The use of machines facilitates precision
and timeliness in operation and reduces drudgery, which are
all critical to the productivity of crops. The tractor drawn Oyjord
plot drill (Wintersteiger) was evaluated for seed placement unifbrmity at four operational speeds (4, 5, 6 and 7 kmih) and two types of seeds IRapeseed(B rassicaju ncea L.) and Pea (Pisum sativum L.)l with three levels of seed rate in each case. The experimental work was carried out at the Crop Research Centre of
GBPUA&T, PantanagarT. he plot drill seed uniformity was described with respect to coefficient of uniformity and standard deviation. Results showed that an average seed drop could not be achieved in to ground wheel skid. Seed rate and speed of operation did not have significant effect on coefficient of uniformity between rows for rapeseed( Brassica juncea L.), while speed of operation had a highly significant (1 %) effect for peas (Pisum sativum L.). At 4 km/h, standard deviation was minimum( 0 . 1 0 , 0 . 14 and 0 . 19 at 2.5 , 3.0 and 3.5 kg/ha seed rate for rapeseed(Brassicaju nceaL . ) and 0.09,0.10 and 0.17 at 80, 85 and 90 kg/ha seed rate for pea, respectively).The plot seed drill covered more distance than the selected test run, as per manufacturer's calibration table.where the percent variation in
distance coverage was almost equal to the ground wheel skid. Therefore,in order to obtain correct seed rate the quantity of seed for a particular distance had to be increased or distance shown in the calibration table had to be decreased in accordance with the ground wheel skid.
$5.0 trillion economy. Agriculture contributes
$400 billion to the Indian economy, which is 2nd
after China. To achieve this mammoth national
target, all sectors of economy viz., agriculture,
industry and service have to perform
outstanding. To achieve this target, total export
should be of $1.0 trillion annually and share of
agriculture and the allied sector should be 10
%.To achieve $100 million agri-export, smart
agriculture is pivotal to sustain our products at
international level. Agritech startup can play a
vital role in this endeavour; however, the
bottleneck should be removed with in the least
possible time. If we succeed in this endeavour,
this will not only lead to enhance per capita
income from the current $1800 to $3600 but also
d o u b l e t h e i n c o m e f r o m f a r m i n g
systematically. Unfortunately, due to
worldwide attack of global pandemic of Covid-
2019 disease, every sphere of life has been
severely paralysed. Agriculture sector was less
affected as the food grain output was recorded
highest ever (295.67MT) and sector growth 3.7
% in absolute term and 11.3% on the current
price, during 2019-20. India will get rid off of
such disasters relatively faster as compared to
other nations, but this has the potential to push
forward our economic dream to beam reality
atleast for a year or so.Probably India would be
able to achieve the tag of $5.0 trillion economy
not sooner than 2026-27.