Agrisaintifika : jurnal ilmu-ilmu pertanian, Jun 28, 2024
Dalam pembudidayaan cabe rawit (Capsicum frutescens) masih terdapat kendala seperti gangguan hama... more Dalam pembudidayaan cabe rawit (Capsicum frutescens) masih terdapat kendala seperti gangguan hama yang menyerang dari awal pertumbuhan hingga pasca panen. Salah satu jenis hama yang menyebabkan kerusakan yang cukup besar pada budidaya cabe adalah lalat buah. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian dosis methyl eugenol dan ketinggian perangkap terhadap pengendalian hama lalat buah pada tanaman cabe rawit di lahan karst. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan Januari sampai Februari 2024 di lahan karst desa Ponjong, Gunung Kidul, Yogyakarta. Rancangan penelitian yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) yang disusun secara faktorial, terdiri dari 2 faktor. Faktor pertama dosis methyl eugenol yaitu: 0.75 mL/perangkap, 1.5 mL/perangkap dan 2 mL/perangkap. Sementara faktor kedua adalah ketinggian perangkap yang terdiri dari: 90 cm, 100 cm, dan 110 cm. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian dosis methyl eugenol 1.5 mL/perangkap memberikan hasil yang lebih baik tetapi tidak berbeda nyata dengan dosis 0.75 mL/perangkap dan berbeda nyata dengan pemberian dosis 2 mL/perangkap. Sementara pada perlakuan ketinggian perangkap menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan ketinggian perangkap 100 cm memberikan hasil terbaik pada parameter jumlah lalat buah yang terperangkap yaitu 30 ekor yang tidak berbeda nyata dengan ketinggian 90 cm dan berbeda nyata dengan ketinggian 110 cm.
Harowu Village, located in the upper reaches of the Kahayan River within the Mirimanasa Subdistri... more Harowu Village, located in the upper reaches of the Kahayan River within the Mirimanasa Subdistrict, officially oversees a state-granted area of 1,750 hectares. The conservation of the forest in this region is of utmost importance due to its significant influence on the Kahayan watershed. Instiper Yogyakarta, a forestry educational institution, has initiated programs to educate the local community about the importance of alternative income sources and environmental services. Utilizing the Forest Inventory methodology created by USAID LESTARI in 2018 and coordinated by Michigan State University, the study involved analyzing 10 plots with a sampling intensity of 0.221. The Harowu Forest is identified as a major carbon sink, sequestering 626.957,75 tons of carbon in the area. The forest is home to 25 tree species and features a Menhenick Index of 1.57, Margalef Index of 4.34, Shannon Index of 2.98, Simpson index of 0.974, and an evenness value of 0.93. These findings highlight potential opportunities for collaboration between Harowu and Instiper Yogyakarta to promote forest conservation and improve community welfare.
Harowu Village, located in the upper reaches of the Kahayan River within the Mirimanasa Subdistri... more Harowu Village, located in the upper reaches of the Kahayan River within the Mirimanasa Subdistrict, officially oversees a state-granted area of 1,750 hectares. The conservation of the forest in this region is of utmost importance due to its significant influence on the Kahayan watershed. Instiper Yogyakarta, a forestry educational institution, has initiated programs to educate the local community about the importance of alternative income sources and environmental services. Utilizing the Forest Inventory methodology created by USAID LESTARI in 2018 and coordinated by Michigan State University, the study involved analyzing 10 plots with a sampling intensity of 0.221. The Harowu Forest is identified as a major carbon sink, sequestering 626.957,75 tons of carbon in the area. The forest is home to 25 tree species and features a Menhenick Index of 1.57, Margalef Index of 4.34, Shannon Index of 2.98, Simpson index of 0.974, and an evenness value of 0.93. These findings highlight potential opportunities for collaboration between Harowu and Instiper Yogyakarta to promote forest conservation and improve community welfare.
Abdimas Umtas: Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat, 2024
The horticulture sector in Sleman Regency has great potential to be
developed thanks to the fert... more The horticulture sector in Sleman Regency has great potential to be developed thanks to the fertile land at the foot of Mount Merapi. However, challenges of high-water availability and climate change, such as the El Nino phenomenon, hinder the growth and production of horticultural crops. Several technologies have been introduced and adopted to address these issues, including rainwater harvesting systems, drip irrigation, and the Internet of Things (IoT) for system automation. Thus, the community service carried out aims to overcome the problems faced related to the availability and efficiency of water in horticultural cultivation. The community service method is carried out through three stages, namely socialisation, training, and evaluation. At the socialisation stage, we provided an introduction and basic knowledge related to rainwater harvesting systems, drip irrigation, and the Internet of Things. During the training, hands-on practice was conducted in the field through the introduction of how each technological instrument works. The evaluation stage was conducted through in-depth interviews after 6 months of training was completed for each participant. Implementing these technologies has resulted in significant adoption among young farmers, with 80% adopting rainwater harvesting systems, 35% drip irrigation, 15% IoT, and 10% adopting all three technologies together. Adopting these technologies is changing the mindset and behavior of young farmers, increasing their awareness and understanding of modern agricultural technologies. This facilitates more efficient and sustainable agricultural production and improves the quality and productivity of agricultural products. Thus, young farmers in Sleman Regency are a promising long-term investment in improving the quality of human resources in the agricultural sector, supporting their existence in the industrial era 4.0, and strengthening the sustainability of the agricultural system in the region
Karst landscape, characterised by drought-prone areas, limited water retention and nutrient-poor ... more Karst landscape, characterised by drought-prone areas, limited water retention and nutrient-poor soils, pose significant challenges for the sustainability of small-scale agricultural systems. This study investigated the impact of smart precision irrigation (SPI) technology, which integrates drip irrigation (DI) and organic fertilisation, on the growth, physiological performance and water use efficiency of chilli plants cultivated in a karst landscape in Gunungkidul District, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. This experiment involved a combination of drip irrigation (D), non-drip irrigation (ND), organic fertiliser (F), and no fertiliser (NF), with a semi-automatically installed SPI system to monitor and adjust soil moisture and watering requirements. The results showed that the combination of drip irrigation and organic fertiliser (D + F) significantly increased plant growth parameters, including plant height, leaf area, and chlorophyll content, and improved physiological traits such as photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, and leaf water use efficiency (LWUE). These improvements were attributed to the optimised water distribution and nutrient availability provided by the DI system, which minimised water loss and reduced drought stress, as evidenced by lower proline accumulation and reduced antioxidant enzyme activity in plants. In addition, the D+F treatment resulted in the highest biomass production, fruit yield and water use efficiency, underlining its potential as a sustainable agricultural practice in waterscarce karst environments. The study concludes that adopting organic matter irrigation and fertilisation strategies can improve the productivity and resilience of horticultural crops in areas facing similar environmental constraints.
Abdimas Umtas: Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat, 2024
The horticulture sector in Sleman Regency has great potential to be
developed thanks to the fert... more The horticulture sector in Sleman Regency has great potential to be developed thanks to the fertile land at the foot of Mount Merapi. However, challenges of high-water availability and climate change, such as the El Nino phenomenon, hinder the growth and production of horticultural crops. Several technologies have been introduced and adopted to address these issues, including rainwater harvesting systems, drip irrigation, and the Internet of Things (IoT) for system automation. Thus, the community service carried out aims to overcome the problems faced related to the availability and efficiency of water in horticultural cultivation. The community service method is carried out through three stages, namely socialisation, training, and evaluation. At the socialisation stage, we provided an introduction and basic knowledge related to rainwater harvesting systems, drip irrigation, and the Internet of Things. During the training, hands-on practice was conducted in the field through the introduction of how each technological instrument works. The evaluation stage was conducted through in-depth interviews after 6 months of training was completed for each participant. Implementing these technologies has resulted in significant adoption among young farmers, with 80% adopting rainwater harvesting systems, 35% drip irrigation, 15% IoT, and 10% adopting all three technologies together. Adopting these technologies is changing the mindset and behavior of young farmers, increasing their awareness and understanding of modern agricultural technologies. This facilitates more efficient and sustainable agricultural production and improves the quality and productivity of agricultural products. Thus, young farmers in Sleman Regency are a promising long-term investment in improving the quality of human resources in the agricultural sector, supporting their existence in the industrial era 4.0, and strengthening the sustainability of the agricultural system in the region
Karst landscape, characterised by drought-prone areas, limited water retention and nutrient-poor ... more Karst landscape, characterised by drought-prone areas, limited water retention and nutrient-poor soils, pose significant challenges for the sustainability of small-scale agricultural systems. This study investigated the impact of smart precision irrigation (SPI) technology, which integrates drip irrigation (DI) and organic fertilisation, on the growth, physiological performance and water use efficiency of chilli plants cultivated in a karst landscape in Gunungkidul District, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. This experiment involved a combination of drip irrigation (D), non-drip irrigation (ND), organic fertiliser (F), and no fertiliser (NF), with a semi-automatically installed SPI system to monitor and adjust soil moisture and watering requirements. The results showed that the combination of drip irrigation and organic fertiliser (D + F) significantly increased plant growth parameters, including plant height, leaf area, and chlorophyll content, and improved physiological traits such as photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, and leaf water use efficiency (LWUE). These improvements were attributed to the optimised water distribution and nutrient availability provided by the DI system, which minimised water loss and reduced drought stress, as evidenced by lower proline accumulation and reduced antioxidant enzyme activity in plants. In addition, the D+F treatment resulted in the highest biomass production, fruit yield and water use efficiency, underlining its potential as a sustainable agricultural practice in waterscarce karst environments. The study concludes that adopting organic matter irrigation and fertilisation strategies can improve the productivity and resilience of horticultural crops in areas facing similar environmental constraints.
Agroista/Agroista : jurnal agroteknologi, Jan 29, 2024
Oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) productivity is highly dependent on insect pollination of flow... more Oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) productivity is highly dependent on insect pollination of flowers. Visiting insects are insects that come to a plant which can also act as pollinating insects. This study aims to investigate what insects visit oil palm trees. Research on the diversity of visitor insects on oil palms was conducted at Kebun Pendidikan dan Penelitian (KP2), Stiper Edu Agro Tourism (S.E.A.T), Ungaran in August and September, 2023. Sampling using hand collection, bait traps, bottle traps and sticky traps. Data were analyzed using Shannon Wiener Index and Sorensen Index. The study obtained a total of 1411 individuals consisting of 14 morphospecies, three orders, and three families of insects. The Diversity Index (H') in the interior of the plantation was H'=2.47 while at the edge of the plantation was H'=1.36. Similarity Index (S) was 96.29%. The dominant insect species is Elaeidobius kamerunicus (543 individuals) found on the anthesis male flowers of oil palms.
Soil respiration is an indicator of the level of soil health in both closed systems (forests) and... more Soil respiration is an indicator of the level of soil health in both closed systems (forests) and open systems (agriculture). Conversion of land from natural forest to agricultural cultivation needs attention in the field of sustainability, this is done so that the land can continue to be productive. This research aims to obtain information regarding the relationship between respiration and soil properties in land cover of oil palm (Elaeis guineensis), teak (Tectona grandis), and burflower-tree (Neolamarckia cadamba) in INSTIPER's experimental plantation, specifically in SEAT (Stiper Edu Agro Tourism) Ungaran Regency, Central Java. The method used in this research is a modified Verstraete, namely by observing soil respiration directly on the land. Research data shows respiration rates of 100.1, 95.4, and 25.9 mg CO2 m-2 h-1 for oil palm, burflower-tree, and teak respectively. Soil respiration is influenced by land cover in vegetation. Differences in land cover cause differences in soil properties which then influence the rate of soil respiration. The relationship between soil respiration rate and moisture content, pH, and EC is linear positive, while with volume weight it is linear negative.
Dalam pembudidayaan cabe rawit (Capsicum frutescens) masih terdapat kendala seperti gangguan hama... more Dalam pembudidayaan cabe rawit (Capsicum frutescens) masih terdapat kendala seperti gangguan hama yang menyerang dari awal pertumbuhan hingga pasca panen. Salah satu jenis hama yang menyebabkan kerusakan yang cukup besar pada budidaya cabe adalah lalat buah. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian dosis methyl eugenol dan ketinggian perangkap terhadap pengendalian hama lalat buah pada tanaman cabe rawit di lahan karst. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan Januari sampai Februari 2024 di lahan karst desa Ponjong, Gunung Kidul, Yogyakarta. Rancangan penelitian yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) yang disusun secara faktorial, terdiri dari 2 faktor. Faktor pertama dosis methyl eugenol yaitu: 0.75 mL/perangkap, 1.5 mL/perangkap dan 2 mL/perangkap. Sementara faktor kedua adalah ketinggian perangkap yang terdiri dari: 90 cm, 100 cm, dan 110 cm. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian dosis methyl eugenol 1.5 mL/perangkap memberikan hasil yang lebih baik tetapi tidak berbeda nyata dengan dosis 0.75 mL/perangkap dan berbeda nyata dengan pemberian dosis 2 mL/perangkap. Sementara pada perlakuan ketinggian perangkap menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan ketinggian perangkap 100 cm memberikan hasil terbaik pada parameter jumlah lalat buah yang terperangkap yaitu 30 ekor yang tidak berbeda nyata dengan ketinggian 90 cm dan berbeda nyata dengan ketinggian 110 cm.
Oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) productivity is highly dependent on insect pollination of flow... more Oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) productivity is highly dependent on insect pollination of flowers. Visiting insects are insects that come to a plant which can also act as pollinating insects. This study aims to investigate what insects visit oil palm trees. Research on the diversity of visitor insects on oil palms was conducted at Kebun Pendidikan dan Penelitian (KP2), Stiper Edu Agro Tourism (S.E.A.T), Ungaran in August and September, 2023. Sampling using hand collection, bait traps, bottle traps and sticky traps. Data were analyzed using Shannon Wiener Index and Sorensen Index. The study obtained a total of 1411 individuals consisting of 14 morphospecies, three orders, and three families of insects. The Diversity Index (H') in the interior of the plantation was H'=2.47 while at the edge of the plantation was H'=1.36. Similarity Index (S) was 96.29%. The dominant insect species is Elaeidobius kamerunicus (543 individuals) found on the anthesis male flowers of oil palms.
<i>Parapolybia varia</i> (Fabricius, 1787) (Figs. 17–18, 28)<i>Vespa varia</... more <i>Parapolybia varia</i> (Fabricius, 1787) (Figs. 17–18, 28)<i>Vespa varia</i> Fabricius, 1787: 293. <b>Specimen examined. Sulawesi I.</b>: <b>South Sulawesi</b>: 1 ♀ (MZB), 05°02 S119°44'E, alt. ca. 300 m, Karaenta, 30.vii–11.viii.2005, C. Villemant. <b>Indonesian Archipelago</b> other than <b>Sulawesi I.</b>: <b>Sumatra I.</b>: 1 ♀ (SEHU), Maninjau [ca. 00˚15'S 100˚11'E], 9.viii.1985, SY &amp; SKY; <b>Java I.</b>: 10 ♀ (MZB), Ujung Kulon NP, Gunung Honje, Taman Jaya, Sumur, Pandeglang [ca. 06˚20'S 106˚05'E], 23.iv.2010, HN &amp; E. Cholik; <b>Sumbawa I.</b>: 1 ♀, 1 ♂ (MZB), 08˚36.766'S 117˚16.346'E, alt. ca. 1.165 m, Gunung Batu Pasak, Batu Dulang, Batu Lanteh, 12.iv.2010, HN;2 ♀ (MZB), 08˚36'S 117˚08'E, alt. ca. 1.090 m, Puncak Ngengas, Tepal, Batu Lanteh, 16.iv.2010, HN; <b>Sumba I.</b>: 1 ♀ (MZB), 09˚43'S 119˚56'E, alt. ca. 690 m, Pari Paha, Gaha Ori Angu, 23.vi.2013, Pungki, L. &amp; GY. <b>Distribution records: Indonesian Archipelago: Borneo I., Riouw-Archipelago, Sumatra I., Java I., Sumbawa I., Sumba I., Sulawesi I., New Guinea I.;</b> Indian subcontinent; Indochina Peninsular; Philippine Islands; continental East Asia, Japan Archipelago (van der Vecht, 1966; Nugroho <i>et al</i>., 2011).
<i>Polistes</i> (<i>Polistella</i>) <i>sagittarius</i> de Sau... more <i>Polistes</i> (<i>Polistella</i>) <i>sagittarius</i> de Saussure, 1853 (Figs. 9–10, 27)<i>Polistes sagittarius</i> de Saussure, 1853 b: 56. <i>Polistes sagittarius</i> var (or subsp.) <i>indonesicus</i> Bequaert, 1940: 267. <b>Specimens examined. Sulawesi I.</b>: <b>South East Sulawesi</b>: <i>North Kolaka</i>: 2 ♀ (MZB), 03˚38'S 121˚04'E, Tinukari, Wawo [1 ♀, alt. ca. 195 m, 17.xii.2009, HN <i>et al</i>.; 1 ♀, alt. ca. 185 m, 26.vi.2010, RU <i>et al.</i>];1 ♀ (MZB), 03˚64'S 121˚09'E, alt. ca. 400 m, Tinukari, Wawo, 27.vi.2010, RU <i>et al</i>.; <i>Kolaka</i>: 1 ♀ (MZB), 03˚58'S 121˚34'E, alt. ca. 80 m, Ulunggolaka, Latambaga, Mangolo, 20.xi.2011, RU <i>et al</i>.; <i>Kendari</i>: 1 ♀ (IUNH), 04˚03'S 122˚33'E, alt. ca. 145 m, Nanga Nanga, Andonoahu, 24.viii.2014, FSM <i>et al</i>.; <b>South Sulawesi</b>: 2 ♀ (IUNH), 03˚28'S 119˚47'E, alt. ca. 500 m, Bambapuang, Anggeraja, Enrekang, 18.viii.2014, JK <i>et al</i>. <b>Indonesian Archipelago other than Sulawesi I.</b>: <b>Borneo I</b><b>.</b>: 2 ♀ (MZB), 01˚02'S 117˚02'E, Research Center of Dipterocarp, Wanariset, iii.1992, C. Darling <i>et al.</i>; <b>Sumatra I</b><b>.</b>: 6 ♀, 3 ♂ (SEHU), alt. ca. 330 m, Batu Taba, near Singkarak Lake [ca. 00°32'S100°31'E], 23.xii.1980, SKY; <b>Java I</b><b>.</b>: 1 ♀ (MZB), 05˚49'S 106˚33'E, Payung Besar I., Kepulauan Seribu, 7.iv.2005, A. Spengler. <b>Remarks.</b> This species is widely distributed in southern Asia with subtropical and tropical climates, with some local color forms. Among the specimens we examined as mentioned above, those from Sulawesi I. have the first two metasomal terga colored darker brown in the apical half and sometimes have the mesepisternum largely marked with black, while the other specimens (Borneo I., Sumatra I. and Java I.) have the first two metasomal terga colored brown rather than dark brown in their apical half and the mesepisternum both anteroventrally and posterodorsally marked with black. <b>Distribution records: Indonesian Archipelago: Borneo I., Sumatra I., Java I., Bali I., Lombok I., Fl [...]
FIGURES 7–16. ♀ of Polistes species. 7–8. P. tenebricosus. 9–10. P. sagittarius. 11–12, 15. P. ce... more FIGURES 7–16. ♀ of Polistes species. 7–8. P. tenebricosus. 9–10. P. sagittarius. 11–12, 15. P. celebensis. 13–14, 16. P. stigma. 7, 9, 12, 14. Head, frontal view, an arrow in 7 and 9 indicates anterior tentorial pit. 8. First two metasomal segments, lateral view, an arrow indicates basal angle of S1. 10, 11, 13. Habitus, lateral view, 15–16. Hind tarsal claws. Scale line 1 mm.
Agrisaintifika : jurnal ilmu-ilmu pertanian, Jun 28, 2024
Dalam pembudidayaan cabe rawit (Capsicum frutescens) masih terdapat kendala seperti gangguan hama... more Dalam pembudidayaan cabe rawit (Capsicum frutescens) masih terdapat kendala seperti gangguan hama yang menyerang dari awal pertumbuhan hingga pasca panen. Salah satu jenis hama yang menyebabkan kerusakan yang cukup besar pada budidaya cabe adalah lalat buah. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian dosis methyl eugenol dan ketinggian perangkap terhadap pengendalian hama lalat buah pada tanaman cabe rawit di lahan karst. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan Januari sampai Februari 2024 di lahan karst desa Ponjong, Gunung Kidul, Yogyakarta. Rancangan penelitian yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) yang disusun secara faktorial, terdiri dari 2 faktor. Faktor pertama dosis methyl eugenol yaitu: 0.75 mL/perangkap, 1.5 mL/perangkap dan 2 mL/perangkap. Sementara faktor kedua adalah ketinggian perangkap yang terdiri dari: 90 cm, 100 cm, dan 110 cm. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian dosis methyl eugenol 1.5 mL/perangkap memberikan hasil yang lebih baik tetapi tidak berbeda nyata dengan dosis 0.75 mL/perangkap dan berbeda nyata dengan pemberian dosis 2 mL/perangkap. Sementara pada perlakuan ketinggian perangkap menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan ketinggian perangkap 100 cm memberikan hasil terbaik pada parameter jumlah lalat buah yang terperangkap yaitu 30 ekor yang tidak berbeda nyata dengan ketinggian 90 cm dan berbeda nyata dengan ketinggian 110 cm.
Harowu Village, located in the upper reaches of the Kahayan River within the Mirimanasa Subdistri... more Harowu Village, located in the upper reaches of the Kahayan River within the Mirimanasa Subdistrict, officially oversees a state-granted area of 1,750 hectares. The conservation of the forest in this region is of utmost importance due to its significant influence on the Kahayan watershed. Instiper Yogyakarta, a forestry educational institution, has initiated programs to educate the local community about the importance of alternative income sources and environmental services. Utilizing the Forest Inventory methodology created by USAID LESTARI in 2018 and coordinated by Michigan State University, the study involved analyzing 10 plots with a sampling intensity of 0.221. The Harowu Forest is identified as a major carbon sink, sequestering 626.957,75 tons of carbon in the area. The forest is home to 25 tree species and features a Menhenick Index of 1.57, Margalef Index of 4.34, Shannon Index of 2.98, Simpson index of 0.974, and an evenness value of 0.93. These findings highlight potential opportunities for collaboration between Harowu and Instiper Yogyakarta to promote forest conservation and improve community welfare.
Harowu Village, located in the upper reaches of the Kahayan River within the Mirimanasa Subdistri... more Harowu Village, located in the upper reaches of the Kahayan River within the Mirimanasa Subdistrict, officially oversees a state-granted area of 1,750 hectares. The conservation of the forest in this region is of utmost importance due to its significant influence on the Kahayan watershed. Instiper Yogyakarta, a forestry educational institution, has initiated programs to educate the local community about the importance of alternative income sources and environmental services. Utilizing the Forest Inventory methodology created by USAID LESTARI in 2018 and coordinated by Michigan State University, the study involved analyzing 10 plots with a sampling intensity of 0.221. The Harowu Forest is identified as a major carbon sink, sequestering 626.957,75 tons of carbon in the area. The forest is home to 25 tree species and features a Menhenick Index of 1.57, Margalef Index of 4.34, Shannon Index of 2.98, Simpson index of 0.974, and an evenness value of 0.93. These findings highlight potential opportunities for collaboration between Harowu and Instiper Yogyakarta to promote forest conservation and improve community welfare.
Abdimas Umtas: Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat, 2024
The horticulture sector in Sleman Regency has great potential to be
developed thanks to the fert... more The horticulture sector in Sleman Regency has great potential to be developed thanks to the fertile land at the foot of Mount Merapi. However, challenges of high-water availability and climate change, such as the El Nino phenomenon, hinder the growth and production of horticultural crops. Several technologies have been introduced and adopted to address these issues, including rainwater harvesting systems, drip irrigation, and the Internet of Things (IoT) for system automation. Thus, the community service carried out aims to overcome the problems faced related to the availability and efficiency of water in horticultural cultivation. The community service method is carried out through three stages, namely socialisation, training, and evaluation. At the socialisation stage, we provided an introduction and basic knowledge related to rainwater harvesting systems, drip irrigation, and the Internet of Things. During the training, hands-on practice was conducted in the field through the introduction of how each technological instrument works. The evaluation stage was conducted through in-depth interviews after 6 months of training was completed for each participant. Implementing these technologies has resulted in significant adoption among young farmers, with 80% adopting rainwater harvesting systems, 35% drip irrigation, 15% IoT, and 10% adopting all three technologies together. Adopting these technologies is changing the mindset and behavior of young farmers, increasing their awareness and understanding of modern agricultural technologies. This facilitates more efficient and sustainable agricultural production and improves the quality and productivity of agricultural products. Thus, young farmers in Sleman Regency are a promising long-term investment in improving the quality of human resources in the agricultural sector, supporting their existence in the industrial era 4.0, and strengthening the sustainability of the agricultural system in the region
Karst landscape, characterised by drought-prone areas, limited water retention and nutrient-poor ... more Karst landscape, characterised by drought-prone areas, limited water retention and nutrient-poor soils, pose significant challenges for the sustainability of small-scale agricultural systems. This study investigated the impact of smart precision irrigation (SPI) technology, which integrates drip irrigation (DI) and organic fertilisation, on the growth, physiological performance and water use efficiency of chilli plants cultivated in a karst landscape in Gunungkidul District, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. This experiment involved a combination of drip irrigation (D), non-drip irrigation (ND), organic fertiliser (F), and no fertiliser (NF), with a semi-automatically installed SPI system to monitor and adjust soil moisture and watering requirements. The results showed that the combination of drip irrigation and organic fertiliser (D + F) significantly increased plant growth parameters, including plant height, leaf area, and chlorophyll content, and improved physiological traits such as photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, and leaf water use efficiency (LWUE). These improvements were attributed to the optimised water distribution and nutrient availability provided by the DI system, which minimised water loss and reduced drought stress, as evidenced by lower proline accumulation and reduced antioxidant enzyme activity in plants. In addition, the D+F treatment resulted in the highest biomass production, fruit yield and water use efficiency, underlining its potential as a sustainable agricultural practice in waterscarce karst environments. The study concludes that adopting organic matter irrigation and fertilisation strategies can improve the productivity and resilience of horticultural crops in areas facing similar environmental constraints.
Abdimas Umtas: Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat, 2024
The horticulture sector in Sleman Regency has great potential to be
developed thanks to the fert... more The horticulture sector in Sleman Regency has great potential to be developed thanks to the fertile land at the foot of Mount Merapi. However, challenges of high-water availability and climate change, such as the El Nino phenomenon, hinder the growth and production of horticultural crops. Several technologies have been introduced and adopted to address these issues, including rainwater harvesting systems, drip irrigation, and the Internet of Things (IoT) for system automation. Thus, the community service carried out aims to overcome the problems faced related to the availability and efficiency of water in horticultural cultivation. The community service method is carried out through three stages, namely socialisation, training, and evaluation. At the socialisation stage, we provided an introduction and basic knowledge related to rainwater harvesting systems, drip irrigation, and the Internet of Things. During the training, hands-on practice was conducted in the field through the introduction of how each technological instrument works. The evaluation stage was conducted through in-depth interviews after 6 months of training was completed for each participant. Implementing these technologies has resulted in significant adoption among young farmers, with 80% adopting rainwater harvesting systems, 35% drip irrigation, 15% IoT, and 10% adopting all three technologies together. Adopting these technologies is changing the mindset and behavior of young farmers, increasing their awareness and understanding of modern agricultural technologies. This facilitates more efficient and sustainable agricultural production and improves the quality and productivity of agricultural products. Thus, young farmers in Sleman Regency are a promising long-term investment in improving the quality of human resources in the agricultural sector, supporting their existence in the industrial era 4.0, and strengthening the sustainability of the agricultural system in the region
Karst landscape, characterised by drought-prone areas, limited water retention and nutrient-poor ... more Karst landscape, characterised by drought-prone areas, limited water retention and nutrient-poor soils, pose significant challenges for the sustainability of small-scale agricultural systems. This study investigated the impact of smart precision irrigation (SPI) technology, which integrates drip irrigation (DI) and organic fertilisation, on the growth, physiological performance and water use efficiency of chilli plants cultivated in a karst landscape in Gunungkidul District, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. This experiment involved a combination of drip irrigation (D), non-drip irrigation (ND), organic fertiliser (F), and no fertiliser (NF), with a semi-automatically installed SPI system to monitor and adjust soil moisture and watering requirements. The results showed that the combination of drip irrigation and organic fertiliser (D + F) significantly increased plant growth parameters, including plant height, leaf area, and chlorophyll content, and improved physiological traits such as photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, and leaf water use efficiency (LWUE). These improvements were attributed to the optimised water distribution and nutrient availability provided by the DI system, which minimised water loss and reduced drought stress, as evidenced by lower proline accumulation and reduced antioxidant enzyme activity in plants. In addition, the D+F treatment resulted in the highest biomass production, fruit yield and water use efficiency, underlining its potential as a sustainable agricultural practice in waterscarce karst environments. The study concludes that adopting organic matter irrigation and fertilisation strategies can improve the productivity and resilience of horticultural crops in areas facing similar environmental constraints.
Agroista/Agroista : jurnal agroteknologi, Jan 29, 2024
Oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) productivity is highly dependent on insect pollination of flow... more Oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) productivity is highly dependent on insect pollination of flowers. Visiting insects are insects that come to a plant which can also act as pollinating insects. This study aims to investigate what insects visit oil palm trees. Research on the diversity of visitor insects on oil palms was conducted at Kebun Pendidikan dan Penelitian (KP2), Stiper Edu Agro Tourism (S.E.A.T), Ungaran in August and September, 2023. Sampling using hand collection, bait traps, bottle traps and sticky traps. Data were analyzed using Shannon Wiener Index and Sorensen Index. The study obtained a total of 1411 individuals consisting of 14 morphospecies, three orders, and three families of insects. The Diversity Index (H') in the interior of the plantation was H'=2.47 while at the edge of the plantation was H'=1.36. Similarity Index (S) was 96.29%. The dominant insect species is Elaeidobius kamerunicus (543 individuals) found on the anthesis male flowers of oil palms.
Soil respiration is an indicator of the level of soil health in both closed systems (forests) and... more Soil respiration is an indicator of the level of soil health in both closed systems (forests) and open systems (agriculture). Conversion of land from natural forest to agricultural cultivation needs attention in the field of sustainability, this is done so that the land can continue to be productive. This research aims to obtain information regarding the relationship between respiration and soil properties in land cover of oil palm (Elaeis guineensis), teak (Tectona grandis), and burflower-tree (Neolamarckia cadamba) in INSTIPER's experimental plantation, specifically in SEAT (Stiper Edu Agro Tourism) Ungaran Regency, Central Java. The method used in this research is a modified Verstraete, namely by observing soil respiration directly on the land. Research data shows respiration rates of 100.1, 95.4, and 25.9 mg CO2 m-2 h-1 for oil palm, burflower-tree, and teak respectively. Soil respiration is influenced by land cover in vegetation. Differences in land cover cause differences in soil properties which then influence the rate of soil respiration. The relationship between soil respiration rate and moisture content, pH, and EC is linear positive, while with volume weight it is linear negative.
Dalam pembudidayaan cabe rawit (Capsicum frutescens) masih terdapat kendala seperti gangguan hama... more Dalam pembudidayaan cabe rawit (Capsicum frutescens) masih terdapat kendala seperti gangguan hama yang menyerang dari awal pertumbuhan hingga pasca panen. Salah satu jenis hama yang menyebabkan kerusakan yang cukup besar pada budidaya cabe adalah lalat buah. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian dosis methyl eugenol dan ketinggian perangkap terhadap pengendalian hama lalat buah pada tanaman cabe rawit di lahan karst. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan Januari sampai Februari 2024 di lahan karst desa Ponjong, Gunung Kidul, Yogyakarta. Rancangan penelitian yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) yang disusun secara faktorial, terdiri dari 2 faktor. Faktor pertama dosis methyl eugenol yaitu: 0.75 mL/perangkap, 1.5 mL/perangkap dan 2 mL/perangkap. Sementara faktor kedua adalah ketinggian perangkap yang terdiri dari: 90 cm, 100 cm, dan 110 cm. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian dosis methyl eugenol 1.5 mL/perangkap memberikan hasil yang lebih baik tetapi tidak berbeda nyata dengan dosis 0.75 mL/perangkap dan berbeda nyata dengan pemberian dosis 2 mL/perangkap. Sementara pada perlakuan ketinggian perangkap menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan ketinggian perangkap 100 cm memberikan hasil terbaik pada parameter jumlah lalat buah yang terperangkap yaitu 30 ekor yang tidak berbeda nyata dengan ketinggian 90 cm dan berbeda nyata dengan ketinggian 110 cm.
Oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) productivity is highly dependent on insect pollination of flow... more Oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) productivity is highly dependent on insect pollination of flowers. Visiting insects are insects that come to a plant which can also act as pollinating insects. This study aims to investigate what insects visit oil palm trees. Research on the diversity of visitor insects on oil palms was conducted at Kebun Pendidikan dan Penelitian (KP2), Stiper Edu Agro Tourism (S.E.A.T), Ungaran in August and September, 2023. Sampling using hand collection, bait traps, bottle traps and sticky traps. Data were analyzed using Shannon Wiener Index and Sorensen Index. The study obtained a total of 1411 individuals consisting of 14 morphospecies, three orders, and three families of insects. The Diversity Index (H') in the interior of the plantation was H'=2.47 while at the edge of the plantation was H'=1.36. Similarity Index (S) was 96.29%. The dominant insect species is Elaeidobius kamerunicus (543 individuals) found on the anthesis male flowers of oil palms.
<i>Parapolybia varia</i> (Fabricius, 1787) (Figs. 17–18, 28)<i>Vespa varia</... more <i>Parapolybia varia</i> (Fabricius, 1787) (Figs. 17–18, 28)<i>Vespa varia</i> Fabricius, 1787: 293. <b>Specimen examined. Sulawesi I.</b>: <b>South Sulawesi</b>: 1 ♀ (MZB), 05°02 S119°44'E, alt. ca. 300 m, Karaenta, 30.vii–11.viii.2005, C. Villemant. <b>Indonesian Archipelago</b> other than <b>Sulawesi I.</b>: <b>Sumatra I.</b>: 1 ♀ (SEHU), Maninjau [ca. 00˚15'S 100˚11'E], 9.viii.1985, SY &amp; SKY; <b>Java I.</b>: 10 ♀ (MZB), Ujung Kulon NP, Gunung Honje, Taman Jaya, Sumur, Pandeglang [ca. 06˚20'S 106˚05'E], 23.iv.2010, HN &amp; E. Cholik; <b>Sumbawa I.</b>: 1 ♀, 1 ♂ (MZB), 08˚36.766'S 117˚16.346'E, alt. ca. 1.165 m, Gunung Batu Pasak, Batu Dulang, Batu Lanteh, 12.iv.2010, HN;2 ♀ (MZB), 08˚36'S 117˚08'E, alt. ca. 1.090 m, Puncak Ngengas, Tepal, Batu Lanteh, 16.iv.2010, HN; <b>Sumba I.</b>: 1 ♀ (MZB), 09˚43'S 119˚56'E, alt. ca. 690 m, Pari Paha, Gaha Ori Angu, 23.vi.2013, Pungki, L. &amp; GY. <b>Distribution records: Indonesian Archipelago: Borneo I., Riouw-Archipelago, Sumatra I., Java I., Sumbawa I., Sumba I., Sulawesi I., New Guinea I.;</b> Indian subcontinent; Indochina Peninsular; Philippine Islands; continental East Asia, Japan Archipelago (van der Vecht, 1966; Nugroho <i>et al</i>., 2011).
<i>Polistes</i> (<i>Polistella</i>) <i>sagittarius</i> de Sau... more <i>Polistes</i> (<i>Polistella</i>) <i>sagittarius</i> de Saussure, 1853 (Figs. 9–10, 27)<i>Polistes sagittarius</i> de Saussure, 1853 b: 56. <i>Polistes sagittarius</i> var (or subsp.) <i>indonesicus</i> Bequaert, 1940: 267. <b>Specimens examined. Sulawesi I.</b>: <b>South East Sulawesi</b>: <i>North Kolaka</i>: 2 ♀ (MZB), 03˚38'S 121˚04'E, Tinukari, Wawo [1 ♀, alt. ca. 195 m, 17.xii.2009, HN <i>et al</i>.; 1 ♀, alt. ca. 185 m, 26.vi.2010, RU <i>et al.</i>];1 ♀ (MZB), 03˚64'S 121˚09'E, alt. ca. 400 m, Tinukari, Wawo, 27.vi.2010, RU <i>et al</i>.; <i>Kolaka</i>: 1 ♀ (MZB), 03˚58'S 121˚34'E, alt. ca. 80 m, Ulunggolaka, Latambaga, Mangolo, 20.xi.2011, RU <i>et al</i>.; <i>Kendari</i>: 1 ♀ (IUNH), 04˚03'S 122˚33'E, alt. ca. 145 m, Nanga Nanga, Andonoahu, 24.viii.2014, FSM <i>et al</i>.; <b>South Sulawesi</b>: 2 ♀ (IUNH), 03˚28'S 119˚47'E, alt. ca. 500 m, Bambapuang, Anggeraja, Enrekang, 18.viii.2014, JK <i>et al</i>. <b>Indonesian Archipelago other than Sulawesi I.</b>: <b>Borneo I</b><b>.</b>: 2 ♀ (MZB), 01˚02'S 117˚02'E, Research Center of Dipterocarp, Wanariset, iii.1992, C. Darling <i>et al.</i>; <b>Sumatra I</b><b>.</b>: 6 ♀, 3 ♂ (SEHU), alt. ca. 330 m, Batu Taba, near Singkarak Lake [ca. 00°32'S100°31'E], 23.xii.1980, SKY; <b>Java I</b><b>.</b>: 1 ♀ (MZB), 05˚49'S 106˚33'E, Payung Besar I., Kepulauan Seribu, 7.iv.2005, A. Spengler. <b>Remarks.</b> This species is widely distributed in southern Asia with subtropical and tropical climates, with some local color forms. Among the specimens we examined as mentioned above, those from Sulawesi I. have the first two metasomal terga colored darker brown in the apical half and sometimes have the mesepisternum largely marked with black, while the other specimens (Borneo I., Sumatra I. and Java I.) have the first two metasomal terga colored brown rather than dark brown in their apical half and the mesepisternum both anteroventrally and posterodorsally marked with black. <b>Distribution records: Indonesian Archipelago: Borneo I., Sumatra I., Java I., Bali I., Lombok I., Fl [...]
FIGURES 7–16. ♀ of Polistes species. 7–8. P. tenebricosus. 9–10. P. sagittarius. 11–12, 15. P. ce... more FIGURES 7–16. ♀ of Polistes species. 7–8. P. tenebricosus. 9–10. P. sagittarius. 11–12, 15. P. celebensis. 13–14, 16. P. stigma. 7, 9, 12, 14. Head, frontal view, an arrow in 7 and 9 indicates anterior tentorial pit. 8. First two metasomal segments, lateral view, an arrow indicates basal angle of S1. 10, 11, 13. Habitus, lateral view, 15–16. Hind tarsal claws. Scale line 1 mm.
About 17,500 Indonesian islands, spreading from Sumatra Island in the west to New Guinea Island
... more About 17,500 Indonesian islands, spreading from Sumatra Island in the west to New Guinea Island in the east, are major parts of the Malay Archipelago, which is known for megabiodiversity. In the Malay Archipelago, Weber’s line lies between Sulawesi Island and /or Timor Island and the Moluccas which encloses the region east of the line where the mammalian and mollusc fauna is known to be exclusively Australian. Eusocial wasp still has ability to disperse with one to several inseminated females that could potentially disperse across water bodies, despite of its general tendency of philopatricity, compare to dispersal ability of land mammals and molluscs on west of Weber’s line. The present study is carried out to whether this Weber’s finding for mammalian and mollusc fauna can be applicable to the eusocial wasps. Traditionally the three subfamilies (Stenogastrinae, Polistinae and Vespinae) in the family Vespidae were considered to form a monophyletic group of eusocial wasps. Recent phylogenetic studies have shown that the subfamily Stenogastrinae could be placed at the most basal clade in the Vespidae, suggesting that the subfamily has its own unique historical pathway in the biogeography and the evolution of sociality. The present study treats only the wasps of the subfamilies Polistinae and Vespinae, which form a terminal monophyletic group in the Vespidae and all practice colonybased social life (eusocial life). Indonesian islands are expected to harbor diverse biota because it is located between and is comprised of two major components: Sunda Shelf components (Sumatra Isl., Borneo Isl., Java Isl. and Bali Isl.), where the fauna consists of mainly Oriental elements and Sahul Shelf components (New Guinea Isl. and its adjacent islands, including Aru Islands), where the fauna is comprised of Australian elements also the islands lying between the two shelves form a particular area, known as the Wallacea, which is considered as the harbor of endemic species. On the basis of the distinct difference in the terrestrial animals across the Indonesian islands, several zoogeographic boundaries were proposed. The first boundary is Wallace’s line that runs between Bali and Lombok, Borneo and Sulawesi, the Philippines and Sulawesi; the line that runs between Sulawesi and the Moluccas is Weber’s line; Huxley’s line is similar to Wallace’s line runs between Palawan and the oceanic islands of the Philippines; Lydekker’s line lies on the eastern extent of the Wallacea and it follows the edge of the Sahul shelf. Weber’s line runs through the transitional area (to the east of centre of the Wallacea) that passes the sea between the Moluccas and Sulawesi Island and is a hypothetical boundary, being sometimes preferred to Wallace’s line as the common boundary of the Oriental−Australian biogeographic regions and is considered as a line of supposed ‘faunal balance’ between the Oriental−Australian regions within the Wallacea which demarcates present-day distribution of Oriental and Australasian faunas. This should also be the case for the eusocial wasps, of which the Indonesian faunas are, however, yet very poorly studied. The present study focuses on the biodiversity of eusocial wasps occurring on Indonesian islands west of Weber’s line that includes four major islands in Indonesian Archipelago: Sumatra Isl. including Riau Archipelago, Java Isl., Borneo Isl., Bali Isl. (so-called Sundaland) and Sulawesi Isl. including Karakelong Isl., Sangihe Isl., Taliabu Isl., and Lesser Sunda Islands. The aims of this study is to clarify the faunal make-up of the eusocial wasps occurring on Indonesian islands west of Weber’s line, to clarify their distribution pattern with reference to the historical geology, and to discuss the possible process through which the currently recognized distribution pattern of these 氏 名 Alan Handru 学位の種類 博士（理学） 学位記番号 博理工 677 号 学位授与年月日 令和３年３月２３日 学位授与の要件 学位規則第５条第１項該当 学位論文題目 Biodiveｒsity of the eusocial wasps (Vespidae:Polistinae, Vespinae) occurring on Indonesian islands west of Weber's line 審査会 委員長 諸岡 歩希 遠藤 泰彦 小島 純一 Hari Nugroho
eusocial wasps had been formed. A total of 64 species in six genera of eusocial wasps are recognized in the Indonesian islands west of Weber’s line. In the paper-wasps, or the subfamily Polistinae, 54 species in four genera are recognized on Indonesian islands west of Weber’s line. The cosmopolitan genus Polistes, the only genus comprising of the tribe Polistini, has 11 species; four species in the subgenus Gyrostoma and seven species in the subgenus Polistella. Of those, one Gyrostoma species (Polistes olivaceus) and one Polistella species (Polistes flavobilineatus), its identification is not yet certain to be occurred in Indonesian islands, and two species of Polistella are new recorded; Polistes stigma for Borneo and Sulawesi and Polistes tenebris for Sumatra. Ropalidia, in the tribe Ropalidiini, with 40 species recorded from Indonesian islands west of Weber’s line, is another genus of the subfamily Polistinae with abundant species. The species in the other two genera of the tribe Ropalidiini recognized from this area are Parapolybia varia (Fabricius), Polybioides psecas du Buysson, and Pb. raphigastra (de Saussure). In the subfamily Vespinae, 10 species belonging to two genera are recognized in Indonesia. They are Provespa anomala (de Saussure) and Pv. nocturna van der Vecht, and eight Vespa species, Vespa affinis (Linnaeus), V. analis Fabricius, V. bellicosa de Saussure, V. fervida Smith, V. mocsaryana du Buysson, V. multimaculata Pérez, V. tropica (Linnaeus) and V. velutina Lepeletier. Biological notes on some vespine species are also given. All the 64 polistine and vespine species known from the Indonesian islands west of Weber’s line are either independent founders or swarm founders. The source of eusocial wasp diversity occurring on Indonesian islands west part of Weber’s line is from continental mainland Asia through Malay Peninsula spreading to Sumatra Isl., Borneo Isl., Java Isl., and Bali Isl. (so-called Sundaland). During the last glacial period, sea levels were lower and all of Sundaland was an extension of the Asian continent, the Indonesian islands as far the east as Borneo Isl. and Bali Isl. was connected to the Asian continent. Judging from their distribution pattern, the eusocial wasps fauna on Indonesian islands west of Weber’s line are undoubtedly continental Asian origin (Oriental elements) and may have dispersed to Sulawesi from Borneo and to Lesser Sunda Islands from Java − Bali either before or after the last glacial age (when present−day Borneo Isl., Java Isl. and Bali Isl. was connected to the continental Asia as a part of the Sundaland, in other words, the Sulawesian and the Lessser Sunda Islands eusocial wasp fauna has been formed through immigration of currently occurring species and/or their ancestral species across the seas) also may have further dispersed eastward to New Guinea Island (Parapolybia varia, Ropalidia marginata (Lepeletier), Vespa affinis and V. tropica). Only Ropalidia impetuosa (Smith) is widely distributed in the areas east of the Huxley-Wallace line (Australian elements) and in the areas west of this line its closely related species, R. fasciata (Fabricius) is widely distributed.
Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ibaraki University, 2021
About 17,500 Indonesian islands, spreading from Sumatra Island in the west to New Guinea Island
... more About 17,500 Indonesian islands, spreading from Sumatra Island in the west to New Guinea Island in the east, are major parts of the Malay Archipelago, which is known for megabiodiversity. In the Malay Archipelago, Weber’s line lies between Sulawesi Island and /or Timor Island and the Moluccas which encloses the region east of the line where the mammalian and mollusc fauna is known to be exclusively Australian. Eusocial wasp still has ability to disperse with one to several inseminated females that could potentially disperse across water bodies, despite of its general tendency of philopatricity, compare to dispersal ability of land mammals and molluscs on west of Weber’s line. The present study is carried out to whether this Weber’s finding for mammalian and mollusc fauna can be applicable to the eusocial wasps. Traditionally the three subfamilies (Stenogastrinae, Polistinae and Vespinae) in the family Vespidae were considered to form a monophyletic group of eusocial wasps. Recent phylogenetic studies have shown that the subfamily Stenogastrinae could be placed at the most basal clade in the Vespidae, suggesting that the subfamily has its own unique historical pathway in the biogeography and the evolution of sociality. The present study treats only the wasps of the subfamilies Polistinae and Vespinae, which form a terminal monophyletic group in the Vespidae and all practice colonybased social life (eusocial life). Indonesian islands are expected to harbor diverse biota because it is located between and is comprised of two major components: Sunda Shelf components (Sumatra Isl., Borneo Isl., Java Isl. and Bali Isl.), where the fauna consists of mainly Oriental elements and Sahul Shelf components (New Guinea Isl. and its adjacent islands, including Aru Islands), where the fauna is comprised of Australian elements also the islands lying between the two shelves form a particular area, known as the Wallacea, which is considered as the harbor of endemic species. On the basis of the distinct difference in the terrestrial animals across the Indonesian islands, several zoogeographic boundaries were proposed. The first boundary is Wallace’s line that runs between Bali and Lombok, Borneo and Sulawesi, the Philippines and Sulawesi; the line that runs between Sulawesi and the Moluccas is Weber’s line; Huxley’s line is similar to Wallace’s line runs between Palawan and the oceanic islands of the Philippines; Lydekker’s line lies on the eastern extent of the Wallacea and it follows the edge of the Sahul shelf. Weber’s line runs through the transitional area (to the east of centre of the Wallacea) that passes the sea between the Moluccas and Sulawesi Island and is a hypothetical boundary, being sometimes preferred to Wallace’s line as the common boundary of the Oriental−Australian biogeographic regions and is considered as a line of supposed ‘faunal balance’ between the Oriental−Australian regions within the Wallacea which demarcates present-day distribution of Oriental and Australasian faunas. This should also be the case for the eusocial wasps, of which the Indonesian faunas are, however, yet very poorly studied. The present study focuses on the biodiversity of eusocial wasps occurring on Indonesian islands west of Weber’s line that includes four major islands in Indonesian Archipelago: Sumatra Isl. including Riau Archipelago, Java Isl., Borneo Isl., Bali Isl. (so-called Sundaland) and Sulawesi Isl. including Karakelong Isl., Sangihe Isl., Taliabu Isl., and Lesser Sunda Islands. The aims of this study is to clarify the faunal make-up of the eusocial wasps occurring on Indonesian islands west of Weber’s line, to clarify their distribution pattern with reference to the historical geology, and to discuss the possible process through which the currently recognized distribution pattern of these 氏 名 Alan Handru 学位の種類 博士（理学） 学位記番号 博理工 677 号 学位授与年月日 令和３年３月２３日 学位授与の要件 学位規則第５条第１項該当 学位論文題目 Biodiveｒsity of the eusocial wasps (Vespidae:Polistinae, Vespinae) occurring on Indonesian islands west of Weber's line 審査会 委員長 諸岡 歩希 遠藤 泰彦 小島 純一 Hari Nugroho
eusocial wasps had been formed. A total of 64 species in six genera of eusocial wasps are recognized in the Indonesian islands west of Weber’s line. In the paper-wasps, or the subfamily Polistinae, 54 species in four genera are recognized on Indonesian islands west of Weber’s line. The cosmopolitan genus Polistes, the only genus comprising of the tribe Polistini, has 11 species; four species in the subgenus Gyrostoma and seven species in the subgenus Polistella. Of those, one Gyrostoma species (Polistes olivaceus) and one Polistella species (Polistes flavobilineatus), its identification is not yet certain to be occurred in Indonesian islands, and two species of Polistella are new recorded; Polistes stigma for Borneo and Sulawesi and Polistes tenebris for Sumatra. Ropalidia, in the tribe Ropalidiini, with 40 species recorded from Indonesian islands west of Weber’s line, is another genus of the subfamily Polistinae with abundant species. The species in the other two genera of the tribe Ropalidiini recognized from this area are Parapolybia varia (Fabricius), Polybioides psecas du Buysson, and Pb. raphigastra (de Saussure). In the subfamily Vespinae, 10 species belonging to two genera are recognized in Indonesia. They are Provespa anomala (de Saussure) and Pv. nocturna van der Vecht, and eight Vespa species, Vespa affinis (Linnaeus), V. analis Fabricius, V. bellicosa de Saussure, V. fervida Smith, V. mocsaryana du Buysson, V. multimaculata Pérez, V. tropica (Linnaeus) and V. velutina Lepeletier. Biological notes on some vespine species are also given. All the 64 polistine and vespine species known from the Indonesian islands west of Weber’s line are either independent founders or swarm founders. The source of eusocial wasp diversity occurring on Indonesian islands west part of Weber’s line is from continental mainland Asia through Malay Peninsula spreading to Sumatra Isl., Borneo Isl., Java Isl., and Bali Isl. (so-called Sundaland). During the last glacial period, sea levels were lower and all of Sundaland was an extension of the Asian continent, the Indonesian islands as far the east as Borneo Isl. and Bali Isl. was connected to the Asian continent. Judging from their distribution pattern, the eusocial wasps fauna on Indonesian islands west of Weber’s line are undoubtedly continental Asian origin (Oriental elements) and may have dispersed to Sulawesi from Borneo and to Lesser Sunda Islands from Java − Bali either before or after the last glacial age (when present−day Borneo Isl., Java Isl. and Bali Isl. was connected to the continental Asia as a part of the Sundaland, in other words, the Sulawesian and the Lessser Sunda Islands eusocial wasp fauna has been formed through immigration of currently occurring species and/or their ancestral species across the seas) also may have further dispersed eastward to New Guinea Island (Parapolybia varia, Ropalidia marginata (Lepeletier), Vespa affinis and V. tropica). Only Ropalidia impetuosa (Smith) is widely distributed in the areas east of the Huxley-Wallace line (Australian elements) and in the areas west of this line its closely related species, R. fasciata (Fabricius) is widely distributed.
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Papers by Alan Handru
developed thanks to the fertile land at the foot of Mount Merapi.
However, challenges of high-water availability and climate change,
such as the El Nino phenomenon, hinder the growth and production of
horticultural crops. Several technologies have been introduced and
adopted to address these issues, including rainwater harvesting
systems, drip irrigation, and the Internet of Things (IoT) for system
automation. Thus, the community service carried out aims to overcome
the problems faced related to the availability and efficiency of water in
horticultural cultivation. The community service method is carried out
through three stages, namely socialisation, training, and evaluation. At
the socialisation stage, we provided an introduction and basic
knowledge related to rainwater harvesting systems, drip irrigation, and
the Internet of Things. During the training, hands-on practice was
conducted in the field through the introduction of how each
technological instrument works. The evaluation stage was conducted
through in-depth interviews after 6 months of training was completed
for each participant. Implementing these technologies has resulted in
significant adoption among young farmers, with 80% adopting
rainwater harvesting systems, 35% drip irrigation, 15% IoT, and 10%
adopting all three technologies together. Adopting these technologies
is changing the mindset and behavior of young farmers, increasing
their awareness and understanding of modern agricultural
technologies. This facilitates more efficient and sustainable agricultural
production and improves the quality and productivity of agricultural
products. Thus, young farmers in Sleman Regency are a promising
long-term investment in improving the quality of human resources in
the agricultural sector, supporting their existence in the industrial era
4.0, and strengthening the sustainability of the agricultural system in
the region
developed thanks to the fertile land at the foot of Mount Merapi.
However, challenges of high-water availability and climate change,
such as the El Nino phenomenon, hinder the growth and production of
horticultural crops. Several technologies have been introduced and
adopted to address these issues, including rainwater harvesting
systems, drip irrigation, and the Internet of Things (IoT) for system
automation. Thus, the community service carried out aims to overcome
the problems faced related to the availability and efficiency of water in
horticultural cultivation. The community service method is carried out
through three stages, namely socialisation, training, and evaluation. At
the socialisation stage, we provided an introduction and basic
knowledge related to rainwater harvesting systems, drip irrigation, and
the Internet of Things. During the training, hands-on practice was
conducted in the field through the introduction of how each
technological instrument works. The evaluation stage was conducted
through in-depth interviews after 6 months of training was completed
for each participant. Implementing these technologies has resulted in
significant adoption among young farmers, with 80% adopting
rainwater harvesting systems, 35% drip irrigation, 15% IoT, and 10%
adopting all three technologies together. Adopting these technologies
is changing the mindset and behavior of young farmers, increasing
their awareness and understanding of modern agricultural
technologies. This facilitates more efficient and sustainable agricultural
production and improves the quality and productivity of agricultural
products. Thus, young farmers in Sleman Regency are a promising
long-term investment in improving the quality of human resources in
the agricultural sector, supporting their existence in the industrial era
4.0, and strengthening the sustainability of the agricultural system in
the region
developed thanks to the fertile land at the foot of Mount Merapi.
However, challenges of high-water availability and climate change,
such as the El Nino phenomenon, hinder the growth and production of
horticultural crops. Several technologies have been introduced and
adopted to address these issues, including rainwater harvesting
systems, drip irrigation, and the Internet of Things (IoT) for system
automation. Thus, the community service carried out aims to overcome
the problems faced related to the availability and efficiency of water in
horticultural cultivation. The community service method is carried out
through three stages, namely socialisation, training, and evaluation. At
the socialisation stage, we provided an introduction and basic
knowledge related to rainwater harvesting systems, drip irrigation, and
the Internet of Things. During the training, hands-on practice was
conducted in the field through the introduction of how each
technological instrument works. The evaluation stage was conducted
through in-depth interviews after 6 months of training was completed
for each participant. Implementing these technologies has resulted in
significant adoption among young farmers, with 80% adopting
rainwater harvesting systems, 35% drip irrigation, 15% IoT, and 10%
adopting all three technologies together. Adopting these technologies
is changing the mindset and behavior of young farmers, increasing
their awareness and understanding of modern agricultural
technologies. This facilitates more efficient and sustainable agricultural
production and improves the quality and productivity of agricultural
products. Thus, young farmers in Sleman Regency are a promising
long-term investment in improving the quality of human resources in
the agricultural sector, supporting their existence in the industrial era
4.0, and strengthening the sustainability of the agricultural system in
the region
developed thanks to the fertile land at the foot of Mount Merapi.
However, challenges of high-water availability and climate change,
such as the El Nino phenomenon, hinder the growth and production of
horticultural crops. Several technologies have been introduced and
adopted to address these issues, including rainwater harvesting
systems, drip irrigation, and the Internet of Things (IoT) for system
automation. Thus, the community service carried out aims to overcome
the problems faced related to the availability and efficiency of water in
horticultural cultivation. The community service method is carried out
through three stages, namely socialisation, training, and evaluation. At
the socialisation stage, we provided an introduction and basic
knowledge related to rainwater harvesting systems, drip irrigation, and
the Internet of Things. During the training, hands-on practice was
conducted in the field through the introduction of how each
technological instrument works. The evaluation stage was conducted
through in-depth interviews after 6 months of training was completed
for each participant. Implementing these technologies has resulted in
significant adoption among young farmers, with 80% adopting
rainwater harvesting systems, 35% drip irrigation, 15% IoT, and 10%
adopting all three technologies together. Adopting these technologies
is changing the mindset and behavior of young farmers, increasing
their awareness and understanding of modern agricultural
technologies. This facilitates more efficient and sustainable agricultural
production and improves the quality and productivity of agricultural
products. Thus, young farmers in Sleman Regency are a promising
long-term investment in improving the quality of human resources in
the agricultural sector, supporting their existence in the industrial era
4.0, and strengthening the sustainability of the agricultural system in
the region
in the east, are major parts of the Malay Archipelago, which is known for megabiodiversity. In the
Malay Archipelago, Weber’s line lies between Sulawesi Island and /or Timor Island and the Moluccas
which encloses the region east of the line where the mammalian and mollusc fauna is known to be
exclusively Australian. Eusocial wasp still has ability to disperse with one to several inseminated
females that could potentially disperse across water bodies, despite of its general tendency of
philopatricity, compare to dispersal ability of land mammals and molluscs on west of Weber’s line.
The present study is carried out to whether this Weber’s finding for mammalian and mollusc fauna
can be applicable to the eusocial wasps.
Traditionally the three subfamilies (Stenogastrinae, Polistinae and Vespinae) in the family
Vespidae were considered to form a monophyletic group of eusocial wasps. Recent phylogenetic
studies have shown that the subfamily Stenogastrinae could be placed at the most basal clade in the
Vespidae, suggesting that the subfamily has its own unique historical pathway in the biogeography
and the evolution of sociality. The present study treats only the wasps of the subfamilies Polistinae
and Vespinae, which form a terminal monophyletic group in the Vespidae and all practice colonybased social life (eusocial life).
Indonesian islands are expected to harbor diverse biota because it is located between and is
comprised of two major components: Sunda Shelf components (Sumatra Isl., Borneo Isl., Java Isl.
and Bali Isl.), where the fauna consists of mainly Oriental elements and Sahul Shelf components
(New Guinea Isl. and its adjacent islands, including Aru Islands), where the fauna is comprised of
Australian elements also the islands lying between the two shelves form a particular area, known as
the Wallacea, which is considered as the harbor of endemic species. On the basis of the distinct
difference in the terrestrial animals across the Indonesian islands, several zoogeographic boundaries
were proposed. The first boundary is Wallace’s line that runs between Bali and Lombok, Borneo and
Sulawesi, the Philippines and Sulawesi; the line that runs between Sulawesi and the Moluccas is
Weber’s line; Huxley’s line is similar to Wallace’s line runs between Palawan and the oceanic islands
of the Philippines; Lydekker’s line lies on the eastern extent of the Wallacea and it follows the edge
of the Sahul shelf. Weber’s line runs through the transitional area (to the east of centre of the
Wallacea) that passes the sea between the Moluccas and Sulawesi Island and is a hypothetical
boundary, being sometimes preferred to Wallace’s line as the common boundary of the
Oriental−Australian biogeographic regions and is considered as a line of supposed ‘faunal balance’
between the Oriental−Australian regions within the Wallacea which demarcates present-day
distribution of Oriental and Australasian faunas. This should also be the case for the eusocial wasps,
of which the Indonesian faunas are, however, yet very poorly studied.
The present study focuses on the biodiversity of eusocial wasps occurring on Indonesian
islands west of Weber’s line that includes four major islands in Indonesian Archipelago: Sumatra Isl.
including Riau Archipelago, Java Isl., Borneo Isl., Bali Isl. (so-called Sundaland) and Sulawesi Isl.
including Karakelong Isl., Sangihe Isl., Taliabu Isl., and Lesser Sunda Islands. The aims of this study
is to clarify the faunal make-up of the eusocial wasps occurring on Indonesian islands west of
Weber’s line, to clarify their distribution pattern with reference to the historical geology, and to
discuss the possible process through which the currently recognized distribution pattern of these
氏 名 Alan Handru
学位の種類 博士（理学）
学位記番号 博理工 677 号
学位授与年月日 令和３年３月２３日
学位授与の要件 学位規則第５条第１項該当
学位論文題目 Biodiveｒsity of the eusocial wasps (Vespidae:Polistinae, Vespinae)
occurring on Indonesian islands west of Weber's line
審査会 委員長 諸岡 歩希 遠藤 泰彦 小島 純一 Hari Nugroho
eusocial wasps had been formed. A total of 64 species in six genera of eusocial wasps are
recognized in the Indonesian islands west of Weber’s line.
In the paper-wasps, or the subfamily Polistinae, 54 species in four genera are recognized on
Indonesian islands west of Weber’s line. The cosmopolitan genus Polistes, the only genus
comprising of the tribe Polistini, has 11 species; four species in the subgenus Gyrostoma and seven
species in the subgenus Polistella. Of those, one Gyrostoma species (Polistes olivaceus) and one
Polistella species (Polistes flavobilineatus), its identification is not yet certain to be occurred in
Indonesian islands, and two species of Polistella are new recorded; Polistes stigma for Borneo and
Sulawesi and Polistes tenebris for Sumatra.
Ropalidia, in the tribe Ropalidiini, with 40 species recorded from Indonesian islands west of
Weber’s line, is another genus of the subfamily Polistinae with abundant species. The species in the
other two genera of the tribe Ropalidiini recognized from this area are Parapolybia varia (Fabricius),
Polybioides psecas du Buysson, and Pb. raphigastra (de Saussure).
In the subfamily Vespinae, 10 species belonging to two genera are recognized in Indonesia.
They are Provespa anomala (de Saussure) and Pv. nocturna van der Vecht, and eight Vespa
species, Vespa affinis (Linnaeus), V. analis Fabricius, V. bellicosa de Saussure, V. fervida Smith, V.
mocsaryana du Buysson, V. multimaculata Pérez, V. tropica (Linnaeus) and V. velutina Lepeletier.
Biological notes on some vespine species are also given.
All the 64 polistine and vespine species known from the Indonesian islands west of Weber’s
line are either independent founders or swarm founders. The source of eusocial wasp diversity
occurring on Indonesian islands west part of Weber’s line is from continental mainland Asia through
Malay Peninsula spreading to Sumatra Isl., Borneo Isl., Java Isl., and Bali Isl. (so-called Sundaland).
During the last glacial period, sea levels were lower and all of Sundaland was an extension of the
Asian continent, the Indonesian islands as far the east as Borneo Isl. and Bali Isl. was connected to
the Asian continent. Judging from their distribution pattern, the eusocial wasps fauna on Indonesian
islands west of Weber’s line are undoubtedly continental Asian origin (Oriental elements) and may
have dispersed to Sulawesi from Borneo and to Lesser Sunda Islands from Java − Bali either before
or after the last glacial age (when present−day Borneo Isl., Java Isl. and Bali Isl. was connected to
the continental Asia as a part of the Sundaland, in other words, the Sulawesian and the Lessser Sunda
Islands eusocial wasp fauna has been formed through immigration of currently occurring species
and/or their ancestral species across the seas) also may have further dispersed eastward to New
Guinea Island (Parapolybia varia, Ropalidia marginata (Lepeletier), Vespa affinis and V. tropica).
Only Ropalidia impetuosa (Smith) is widely distributed in the areas east of the Huxley-Wallace line
(Australian elements) and in the areas west of this line its closely related species, R. fasciata
(Fabricius) is widely distributed.
in the east, are major parts of the Malay Archipelago, which is known for megabiodiversity. In the
Malay Archipelago, Weber’s line lies between Sulawesi Island and /or Timor Island and the Moluccas
which encloses the region east of the line where the mammalian and mollusc fauna is known to be
exclusively Australian. Eusocial wasp still has ability to disperse with one to several inseminated
females that could potentially disperse across water bodies, despite of its general tendency of
philopatricity, compare to dispersal ability of land mammals and molluscs on west of Weber’s line.
The present study is carried out to whether this Weber’s finding for mammalian and mollusc fauna
can be applicable to the eusocial wasps.
Traditionally the three subfamilies (Stenogastrinae, Polistinae and Vespinae) in the family
Vespidae were considered to form a monophyletic group of eusocial wasps. Recent phylogenetic
studies have shown that the subfamily Stenogastrinae could be placed at the most basal clade in the
Vespidae, suggesting that the subfamily has its own unique historical pathway in the biogeography
and the evolution of sociality. The present study treats only the wasps of the subfamilies Polistinae
and Vespinae, which form a terminal monophyletic group in the Vespidae and all practice colonybased social life (eusocial life).
Indonesian islands are expected to harbor diverse biota because it is located between and is
comprised of two major components: Sunda Shelf components (Sumatra Isl., Borneo Isl., Java Isl.
and Bali Isl.), where the fauna consists of mainly Oriental elements and Sahul Shelf components
(New Guinea Isl. and its adjacent islands, including Aru Islands), where the fauna is comprised of
Australian elements also the islands lying between the two shelves form a particular area, known as
the Wallacea, which is considered as the harbor of endemic species. On the basis of the distinct
difference in the terrestrial animals across the Indonesian islands, several zoogeographic boundaries
were proposed. The first boundary is Wallace’s line that runs between Bali and Lombok, Borneo and
Sulawesi, the Philippines and Sulawesi; the line that runs between Sulawesi and the Moluccas is
Weber’s line; Huxley’s line is similar to Wallace’s line runs between Palawan and the oceanic islands
of the Philippines; Lydekker’s line lies on the eastern extent of the Wallacea and it follows the edge
of the Sahul shelf. Weber’s line runs through the transitional area (to the east of centre of the
Wallacea) that passes the sea between the Moluccas and Sulawesi Island and is a hypothetical
boundary, being sometimes preferred to Wallace’s line as the common boundary of the
Oriental−Australian biogeographic regions and is considered as a line of supposed ‘faunal balance’
between the Oriental−Australian regions within the Wallacea which demarcates present-day
distribution of Oriental and Australasian faunas. This should also be the case for the eusocial wasps,
of which the Indonesian faunas are, however, yet very poorly studied.
The present study focuses on the biodiversity of eusocial wasps occurring on Indonesian
islands west of Weber’s line that includes four major islands in Indonesian Archipelago: Sumatra Isl.
including Riau Archipelago, Java Isl., Borneo Isl., Bali Isl. (so-called Sundaland) and Sulawesi Isl.
including Karakelong Isl., Sangihe Isl., Taliabu Isl., and Lesser Sunda Islands. The aims of this study
is to clarify the faunal make-up of the eusocial wasps occurring on Indonesian islands west of
Weber’s line, to clarify their distribution pattern with reference to the historical geology, and to
discuss the possible process through which the currently recognized distribution pattern of these
氏 名 Alan Handru
学位の種類 博士（理学）
学位記番号 博理工 677 号
学位授与年月日 令和３年３月２３日
学位授与の要件 学位規則第５条第１項該当
学位論文題目 Biodiveｒsity of the eusocial wasps (Vespidae:Polistinae, Vespinae)
occurring on Indonesian islands west of Weber's line
審査会 委員長 諸岡 歩希 遠藤 泰彦 小島 純一 Hari Nugroho
eusocial wasps had been formed. A total of 64 species in six genera of eusocial wasps are
recognized in the Indonesian islands west of Weber’s line.
In the paper-wasps, or the subfamily Polistinae, 54 species in four genera are recognized on
Indonesian islands west of Weber’s line. The cosmopolitan genus Polistes, the only genus
comprising of the tribe Polistini, has 11 species; four species in the subgenus Gyrostoma and seven
species in the subgenus Polistella. Of those, one Gyrostoma species (Polistes olivaceus) and one
Polistella species (Polistes flavobilineatus), its identification is not yet certain to be occurred in
Indonesian islands, and two species of Polistella are new recorded; Polistes stigma for Borneo and
Sulawesi and Polistes tenebris for Sumatra.
Ropalidia, in the tribe Ropalidiini, with 40 species recorded from Indonesian islands west of
Weber’s line, is another genus of the subfamily Polistinae with abundant species. The species in the
other two genera of the tribe Ropalidiini recognized from this area are Parapolybia varia (Fabricius),
Polybioides psecas du Buysson, and Pb. raphigastra (de Saussure).
In the subfamily Vespinae, 10 species belonging to two genera are recognized in Indonesia.
They are Provespa anomala (de Saussure) and Pv. nocturna van der Vecht, and eight Vespa
species, Vespa affinis (Linnaeus), V. analis Fabricius, V. bellicosa de Saussure, V. fervida Smith, V.
mocsaryana du Buysson, V. multimaculata Pérez, V. tropica (Linnaeus) and V. velutina Lepeletier.
Biological notes on some vespine species are also given.
All the 64 polistine and vespine species known from the Indonesian islands west of Weber’s
line are either independent founders or swarm founders. The source of eusocial wasp diversity
occurring on Indonesian islands west part of Weber’s line is from continental mainland Asia through
Malay Peninsula spreading to Sumatra Isl., Borneo Isl., Java Isl., and Bali Isl. (so-called Sundaland).
During the last glacial period, sea levels were lower and all of Sundaland was an extension of the
Asian continent, the Indonesian islands as far the east as Borneo Isl. and Bali Isl. was connected to
the Asian continent. Judging from their distribution pattern, the eusocial wasps fauna on Indonesian
islands west of Weber’s line are undoubtedly continental Asian origin (Oriental elements) and may
have dispersed to Sulawesi from Borneo and to Lesser Sunda Islands from Java − Bali either before
or after the last glacial age (when present−day Borneo Isl., Java Isl. and Bali Isl. was connected to
the continental Asia as a part of the Sundaland, in other words, the Sulawesian and the Lessser Sunda
Islands eusocial wasp fauna has been formed through immigration of currently occurring species
and/or their ancestral species across the seas) also may have further dispersed eastward to New
Guinea Island (Parapolybia varia, Ropalidia marginata (Lepeletier), Vespa affinis and V. tropica).
Only Ropalidia impetuosa (Smith) is widely distributed in the areas east of the Huxley-Wallace line
(Australian elements) and in the areas west of this line its closely related species, R. fasciata
(Fabricius) is widely distributed.