Papers by hossein ghayoumi zadeh
Atrial fibrillation, a prevalent cardiac arrhythmia, disrupts the normal path of electrical signa... more Atrial fibrillation, a prevalent cardiac arrhythmia, disrupts the normal path of electrical signals within the heart. To address this issue, the left atrial appendage closure is often considered. This involves using a closure instrument named the Watchman to obstruct the left atrial appendage (LAA) ostium. The wide variety of LAA shapes, sizes, and forms in individuals makes selecting the correct Watchman size crucial. This study first isolates the LAA from echocardiographic images and then recommends the appropriate Watchman size. The 3-D echocardiographic images used in this study are from 32 male and female patients who underwent successful LAA closure at Kings College Hospital London over two years. For each patient, there are 208 cardiac echo slices in the imaging mode. This study presents an image processing-based model to separate LAA regions and extract relevant features. These features are then inputted into a classification platform in which a neural network determines the suitable Watchman size. The average and mode Hausdorff distances, calculated between the proposed method and the traditional manual calculation for the 501 analyzed LAA images, are approximately 0.2467 and 0.0587, respectively. Because of limited data, a 10-fold cross-validation was used to assess the classifier, yielding an accuracy of 74.07 %. The proposed model effectively isolated the LAA from the corresponding slices of the 3-D echocardiographic images. However, the classifier's accuracy is not ideal because of insufficient data, which could be improved by expanding the database. This research's outcomes could aid physicians in selecting the proper Watchman size.
Currently, COVID-19 is circulating in crowded
places as an infectious disease. COVID-19 can be pr... more Currently, COVID-19 is circulating in crowded
places as an infectious disease. COVID-19 can be prevented from
spreading rapidly in crowded areas by implementing multiple
strategies. The use of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) as a
sensing devices can be useful in detecting overcrowding events.
Accordingly, in this paper, we introduce a real-time system for
identifying overcrowding due to events such as congestion and
abnormal behavior. For the first time, a monitoring approach is
proposed to detect overcrowding through the UAV and social
monitoring system (SMS). We have significantly improved
identification by selecting the best features from the water cycle
algorithm (WCA) and making decisions based on Deep Transfer
Learning (DTL). According to the analysis of the UAV videos, the
average accuracy is estimated at 96.55%. Experimental results
demonstrate that the proposed approach is capable of detecting
overcrowding based on UAV videos' frames and SMS's
communication even in challenging conditions.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention, 2016
Background: Breast cancer is a common disorder in women, constituting one of the main causes of d... more Background: Breast cancer is a common disorder in women, constituting one of the main causes of death all over the world. The purpose of this study was to determine the diagnostic value of the breast tissue diseases by the help of thermography. Materials and Methods: In this paper, we applied non-contact infrared camera, INFREC R500 for evaluating the capabilities of thermography. The study was conducted on 60 patients suspected of breast disease, who were referred to Imam Khomeini Imaging Center. Information obtained from the questionnaires and clinical examinations along with the obtained diagnostic results from ultrasound images, biopsies and thermography, were analyzed. The results indicated that the use of thermography as well as the asymmetry technique is useful in identifying hypoechoic as well as cystic masses. It should be noted that the patient should not suffer from breast discharge. Results: The accuracy of asymmetry technique identification is 92/30%. Also the accuracy of the exact location of identification is 75%. The approach also proved effective in identifying heterogeneous lesions, fibroadenomas, and intraductal masses, but not ISO-echoes and calcified masses. Conclusions: According to the results of the investigation, thermography may be useful in the initial screening and supplementation of diagnostic procedures due to its safety (its non-radiation properties), low cost and the good recognition of breast tissue disease.
The main motivation of this study is development of density prediction of mixture including ionic... more The main motivation of this study is development of density prediction of mixture including ionic liquid (IL) using semi-empirical and cubic equations of state (CEoS). The considered systems are contained of 51 ILs, 41 solvents and 4626 data point in the wide temperature range (278.15-348.15 K), ionic liquid mole fraction (0.0040-0.9977) and atmospheric pressure. Six simple semi-empirical equations with different mixing rules and two CEoSs (Soave-Redlich-Kwong EoS and Patel-Teja EoS) is investigated to predict the IL-mixture density. For each semi-empirical equation, the coefficients are optimized using laplacian whale optimization algorithm based on cationfamily. These generalized modifications have not been used to ILs beforehand consequently, the accuracy and appropriateness of these equations to predict IL-mixture density are unsknown until now. The obtained results based on semi-empirical equations indicate that the performed modification provides low deviation of experimental data and can be applied by confidence in engineering and thermodynamic calculations. However, the results based on two CEoS show inacceptable accuracy.
Introduction: The left atrial appendage)LAA(occlusion using a purpose-built device is a growing p... more Introduction: The left atrial appendage)LAA(occlusion using a purpose-built device is a growing procedure. This study aimed to develop a computer-aided diagnostic system for the recognition of the LAA in echocardiographic images. Material and Methods: The three-dimensional (3D) echocardiographic images of the LAA of 26 patients successfully treated with an LAA occluder were used in this study. A total of 208 3D derived two-dimensional images in the axial plane were derived from each 3D dataset. Then, 562 images in which the LAA boundaries were highly recognizable were selected for this study. The proposed convolutional neural network (CNN) in this study was based on open-source object identification and classification platform compiled under the You Only Look Once algorithm. Finally, 419 and 143 images were used for training and testing the algorithm, respectively. Results: Algorithm performance on the identification of the LAA region on a set of 143 images was compared to that reported for the traced regions on the same images by an expert in echocardiography using an intersection over the union (IOU) algorithm. The algorithm was able to correctly identify the LAA region in all 143 examined images with an average IOU of 90.7%. Conclusion: The proposed image-based CNN algorithm in this study showed high accuracy in the recognition of the LAA boundaries in the echocardiographic images. The method can be used in the development of algorithms for the automated analysis of the area of the LAA used for device sizing and procedural planning in the LAA occlusion procedures.
Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer among women worldwide. Diagnosing breast canc... more Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer among women worldwide. Diagnosing breast cancer at its earliest stages increases the chance for treatment. Thermography offers a method to consider screening strategies for this type of cancer. Analysis of breast thermography images is very effective to extract local information that helps to identify abnormalities related to the breast region. In this paper, first, a semiautomatic approach is proposed for separating the breast region according to the different morphological structures of the breast tissue. The stages of breast segmentation are then performed based on the classification of the presented morphologies, which used a series of dynamic images of a patient. In the following, feature extraction is performed based on the proposed model. The eight statistical characteristics are obtained from a series of separated images of a person's breasts. The autoencoder neural network, which is an unsupervised deep-learning algorithm, is used to classify the thermography images as healthy and unhealthy. To analyze the proposed model, the Database For Mastology Research is used. The number of people surveyed was 196, including 41 cases of cancer and 155 healthy cases. Each person had 10 thermography pictures, and the total number of analyzed images was 1,960. The accuracy and specificity of the proposed method were 94.87 and 96.77 %, respectively. The simulation results show that the proposed model is able to provide a significant response to different morphologies of the breast tissue. Keywords breast cancer diagnosis, feature extraction, dynamic model, thermography images, deep autoencoder neural networks Manuscript
Pistachio nut is mainly consumed as raw, salted or roasted because of its high nutritional proper... more Pistachio nut is mainly consumed as raw, salted or roasted because of its high nutritional properties and favorable taste. Pistachio nuts with shell and kernel defects, besides not being acceptable for a consumer, are also prone to insects damage, mold decay, and aflatoxin contamination. In this research, a deep learning-based imaging algorithm was developed to improve the sorting of nuts with shell and kernel defects that indicate the risk of aflatoxin contamination, such as dark stains, oily stains, adhering hull, fungal decay and Aspergillus molds. This paper presents an unsupervised learning method to classify defective and unpleasant pistachios based on deep Auto-encoder neural networks. The testing of the designed neural network on a validation dataset showed that nuts having dark stain, oily stain or adhering hull with an accuracy of 80.3% can be distinguished from normal nuts. Due to the limited memory available in the HPC of university, the results are reasonable and justifiable.
Varicocele is the abnormal dilation and tortuosity of venous plexus (venous) above the testicles.... more Varicocele is the abnormal dilation and tortuosity of venous plexus (venous) above the testicles. The pattern of abnormal heat distribution in the scrotum can be diagnosed by the help of thermal imaging. Thermal Imaging is a distant, non-contact, and non-invasive method. Thermal imaging was conducted on 50 patients who referred to the hospital 501 (AJA). It was implemented by non-contact infrared camera VISIR 640. Capabilities of thermography method was then evaluated. In order to evaluate and diagnose the varicocele, thermal asymmetry and Haar wavelet techniques were used based on thermal imaging. In two methods, with the help of heat distribution, varicocele can be detected using a thermal camera; one of these two methods includes thermal asymmetry and increased temperature in venous plexus (pampiniform) with no thermal increase in the testicle of the same side (It is grade II of varicocele with a temperature difference of about 1°C), and the other includes the increased temperature of venous plexus (pampiniform) with increased temperature of the testicle in the same side(It is grade III of varicocele with a temperature difference of about 1.5°C). The accuracy of the recognition of thermography is 76% in different grades of varicocele. According to the results of the study, thermography is a useful method for the initial screening process. In addition, it can be applied as a supplement to other diagnostic techniques due to lack of exposure, low cost and its exact diagnostic capacity in varicocele.
Varicocele disorder is defined as a form of abnormal dilation and tortuosity of venous plexus (ve... more Varicocele disorder is defined as a form of abnormal dilation and tortuosity of venous plexus (venous)
noticeable above the testicles. The main patterns of the level of abnormal heat distribution in the
scrotum can be detected by the help of thermal imaging. It should be noted that Thermal Imaging is
widely considered as a distant, non-contact, and non-invasive bunch of procedures for the detection of a
wide array of diseases. Adopting a non-contact infrared camera (SDS Hotfind L) and by taking images
of 50 patients with varicocele, the potentialities of thermography were probed and assessed. In two cases,
by means of heat distribution, varicocele was identified through a thermal camera; one included thermal
asymmetry and increased temperature in venous plexus (pampiniform) and no thermal increase in the
testicle of the same side (It is grade II of varicocele with a temperature difference around 1°C), and the
other increased temperature of venous plexus (pampiniform) as well as the increased temperature of the
testicle of the same side (It is grade III of varicocele with a temperature difference around 1.5°C). In the
same line, the accuracy of detection of thermography is 76% in grades of varicocele. Moreover, the
accuracy of recognition of thermography through the convolution neural network is 71%. Based on the
results of this research, thermography can be an applicative method for initial screening and can be
adopted as a supplementary technique to other diagnostic techniques due to lack of exposure, being of
low cost, and providing a relatively appropriate diagnosis in varicocele.
Introduction: A varicocele is the abnormal dilation and tortuosity of venous plexus above the tes... more Introduction: A varicocele is the abnormal dilation and tortuosity of venous plexus above the testicles. The
pattern of abnormal heat distribution in the scrotum can be detected through thermal imaging, which is a
distant, non-contact, and non-invasive method. The aim of the present study is to detect and grade varicocele.
Materials and Methods: This study was conducted on 50 patients with high probability of varicocele,
who referred to a hospital affiliated to the AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. The
evaluation procedure included thermal imaging, clinical diagnosis, and ultrasound test. The gold
standard method was based on ultrasound examination. The thermal imaging was performed using a
non-contact infrared camera.
Results: This paper presented two methods for diagnosing and grading varicocele. The first method
was based on the patterns and models of thermal asymmetry in the testicles (including three
asymmetric and symmetric patterns). The second method was based on the temperature differences.
The obtained results demonstrated that the use of temperature differences in the diagnosis of
varicocele was better than the other proposed method. In addition, a temperature difference of 0.5°C
in the pampiniform venous plexus was an important indicator for the diagnosis of varicocele using
thermal imaging. The accuracy of thermography in grading varicocele was 76%.
Conclusion: According to the results of the study, thermography is a useful method for initial
varicocele screening and can be applied as a supplement to other diagnostic techniques due to its low
cost and lack of radiation exposure. Thermography was concluded to be a precise technique for the
diagnosis of varicocele; however, its capability to determine the varicocele grading was comparatively
low.
Background and Objective: Varicocele is the abnormal dilatation and tortuosity of pampiniform ple... more Background and Objective: Varicocele is the abnormal dilatation and tortuosity of pampiniform plexus above
the testicles. The distribution pattern of abnormal heat in the scrotum can be detected by thermal imaging. The
thermal imaging is a remote, noncontact and noninvasive method. The purpose of the study was to investigate
the correlation between varicocele and the temperature of testicular using thermal imaging in the soldiers
referred to AJA 501 hospital in 2016.
Materials and Methods: This was a descriptive study that was conducted on 56 soldiers in the AJA 501
hospital in 2016. In this study, capabilities of thermal imaging in detecting and grading varicocele were
evaluated. In order to do thermography, the non-contact infrared camera of VIS-IR 640 was used. Results were
reported through descriptive statistics.
Results: In both cases, by using temperature distribution and thermography camera, it was found that there was a
possibility to identify varicocele. There was thermal asymmetry and increase in the temperature of the
pampiniform plexus while there was no increase in the temperature of the testicle. We also observed the
asymmetry and increase in the temperature while the increase of temperature in the scrotum was noticeable. The
results showed that detection capability of thermography in grade 3 varicocele was higher than other grades.
Conclusion: According to the results obtained from research, thermography is highly applicative in diagnosing
varicocele due to safety, lack of exposure to the patient, and cheap and convenient diagnosis of varicocele. It is
recommended that thermography method be used as a complementary method along ultrasound techniques.
Key words: Thermal imaging, Varicocele, Ultrasonography, Tehran
Breast cancer is the main cause of death among young women in developing countries. The human bod... more Breast cancer is the main cause of death among young women in developing countries. The human body temperature carries critical medical information related to the overall body status. Abnormal rise in total and regional body temperature is a natural symptom in diagnosing many diseases. Thermal imaging (Thermography) utilizes infrared beams which are fast, non-invasive, and non-contact and the output created images by this technique are flexible and useful to monitor the temperature of the human body. In some clinical studies and biopsy tests, it is necessary for the clinician to know the extent of the cancerous area. In such cases, the thermal image is very useful. In the same line, to detect the cancerous tissue core, thermal imaging is beneficial. This paper presents a fully automated approach to detect the thermal edge and core of the cancerous area in thermography images. In order to evaluate the proposed method, 60 patients with an average age of 44/9 were chosen. These cases were suspected of breast tissue disease. These patients referred to Tehran Imam Khomeini Imaging Center. Clinical examinations such as ultrasound, biopsy, questionnaire, and eventually thermography were done precisely on these individuals. Finally, the proposed model is applied for segmenting the proved abnormal area in thermal images. The proposed model is based on a fuzzy active contour designed by fuzzy logic. The presented method can segment cancerous tissue areas from its borders in thermal images of the breast area. In order to evaluate the proposed algorithm, Hausdorff and mean distance between manual and automatic method were used. Estimation of distance was conducted to accurately separate the thermal core and edge. Hausdorff distance between the proposed and the manual method for thermal core and edge was 0.4719 ± 0.4389, 0.3171 ± 0.1056 mm respectively, and the average distance between the proposed and the manual method for core and thermal edge was 0.0845 ± 0.0619, 0.0710 ± 0.0381 mm respectively. Furthermore, the sensitivity in recognizing the thermal pattern in breast tissue masses is 85 % and its accuracy is 91.98 %.A thermal imaging system has been proposed that is able to recognize abnormal breast tissue masses. This system utilizes fuzzy active contours to extract the abnormal regions automatically.
Proceedings of the 10th International Fuzzy Systems Association World Congress Conference on Fuzzy Sets and Systems, Jun 30, 2003
This paper starts by introducing a very flexible aerospace structure and defines the problem of a... more This paper starts by introducing a very flexible aerospace structure and defines the problem of attitude control ( π 2 rad rotation) as well as vibration suppression of the structure. A nominal fuzzy logic controller had been designed and used as a basis for design of a constrained optimized fuzzy controller with multiple objectives. Optimization algorithm and procedure are explained.
سبشٍار پشضکی علَم داًطگبُ هجلِ دٍرُ 21 /ضوبرُ 4 / هبُ آببى ٍ هْز 1393 675 ... more سبشٍار پشضکی علَم داًطگبُ هجلِ دٍرُ 21 /ضوبرُ 4 / هبُ آببى ٍ هْز 1393 675 سبشٍار پشضکی علَم داًطگبُ هجلِ دٍرُ 21 /ضوبرُ 4 / هبُ آببى ٍ هْز 1393 ٕٞىبض ٚ ظازٜ لیٛٔی سبشٍار پشضکی علَم داًطگبُ هجلِ دٍرُ 21 /ضوبرُ 4 / هبُ آببى ٍ هْز 1393 677 ٕٞىبض ٚ ظازٜ لیٛٔی سبشٍار پشضکی علَم داًطگبُ هجلِ دٍرُ 21 /ضوبرُ 4 / هبُ آببى ٍ هْز 1393 679 سبشٍار پشضکی علَم داًطگبُ هجلِ دٍرُ 21 /ضوبرُ 4 / هبُ آببى ٍ هْز 1393 687 ٕٞىبض ٚ ظازٜ لیٛٔی سبشٍار پشضکی علَم داًطگبُ هجلِ دٍرُ 21 /ضوبرُ 4 / هبُ آببى ٍ هْز 1393 689 سبشٍار پشضکی علَم داًطگبُ هجلِ دٍرُ 21 /ضوبرُ 4 / هبُ آببى ٍ هْز
Background: Breast cancer is one of the most prevalent cancers among women today. The importance ... more Background: Breast cancer is one of the most prevalent cancers among women today. The importance of breast cancer screening, its role in the timely identification of patients, and the reduction in treatment expenses are considered to be among the highest sanitary priorities of a modern country. Thermal imaging clearly possesses a special role in this stage due to rapid diagnosis and use of harmless rays.
Using hormone replacement therapy for relieving menopausal symptoms and also for preventing some ... more Using hormone replacement therapy for relieving menopausal symptoms and also for preventing some diseases such as hip fractures had led to a widespread use of it in postmenopausal women but there is a concern about risks of breast cancer occurrence using HRT. In this study, 1000 women older than 40 years old without any clinical symptoms were selected. They were referred to a radiology center for a screening mammography. By using a questionnaire the information about using HRT was gathered. 16.7% of cases were using HRT and 83.3% had no history of using HRT. Among 1000 cases, 13 mammograms had signs of malignancy. In these cases 7.7% was using HRT and 92.3% didn't have any history of using HRT. It was concluded that there isn't any statistically significant association between the development of breast cancer and using HRT (P=0.604).
Iranian Journal of Medical Physics, Mar 16, 2013
This study is an effort to diagnose breast cancer by processing the quantitative and qualitative ... more This study is an effort to diagnose breast cancer by processing the quantitative and qualitative information obtained from medical infrared imaging. The medical infrared imaging is free from any harmful radiation and it is one of the best advantages of the proposed method. By analyzing this information, the best diagnostic parameters among the available parameters are selected and its sensitivity and precision in cancer diagnosis is improved by utilizing genetic algorithm and artificial neural network.
نتايج تع : پایگاه دو شامل است شده گرفته نظر در آزمایش جهت در تحقیق ا... more نتايج تع : پایگاه دو شامل است شده گرفته نظر در آزمایش جهت در تحقیق این برای که تصاویری داد 022 پایگاه یک و نفری 02 بوده بیماران از نفری اول مورد در که است 50 دوم مورد در و نفر 4 حساسیت اول پایگاه در روش از حاصل نتایج اند. شده داده تشخیص ماموگرافی بوسیله سرطانی نفر 39 % دوم پایگاه در و 522 % دهد. می نشان را
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Papers by hossein ghayoumi zadeh
places as an infectious disease. COVID-19 can be prevented from
spreading rapidly in crowded areas by implementing multiple
strategies. The use of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) as a
sensing devices can be useful in detecting overcrowding events.
Accordingly, in this paper, we introduce a real-time system for
identifying overcrowding due to events such as congestion and
abnormal behavior. For the first time, a monitoring approach is
proposed to detect overcrowding through the UAV and social
monitoring system (SMS). We have significantly improved
identification by selecting the best features from the water cycle
algorithm (WCA) and making decisions based on Deep Transfer
Learning (DTL). According to the analysis of the UAV videos, the
average accuracy is estimated at 96.55%. Experimental results
demonstrate that the proposed approach is capable of detecting
overcrowding based on UAV videos' frames and SMS's
communication even in challenging conditions.
noticeable above the testicles. The main patterns of the level of abnormal heat distribution in the
scrotum can be detected by the help of thermal imaging. It should be noted that Thermal Imaging is
widely considered as a distant, non-contact, and non-invasive bunch of procedures for the detection of a
wide array of diseases. Adopting a non-contact infrared camera (SDS Hotfind L) and by taking images
of 50 patients with varicocele, the potentialities of thermography were probed and assessed. In two cases,
by means of heat distribution, varicocele was identified through a thermal camera; one included thermal
asymmetry and increased temperature in venous plexus (pampiniform) and no thermal increase in the
testicle of the same side (It is grade II of varicocele with a temperature difference around 1°C), and the
other increased temperature of venous plexus (pampiniform) as well as the increased temperature of the
testicle of the same side (It is grade III of varicocele with a temperature difference around 1.5°C). In the
same line, the accuracy of detection of thermography is 76% in grades of varicocele. Moreover, the
accuracy of recognition of thermography through the convolution neural network is 71%. Based on the
results of this research, thermography can be an applicative method for initial screening and can be
adopted as a supplementary technique to other diagnostic techniques due to lack of exposure, being of
low cost, and providing a relatively appropriate diagnosis in varicocele.
pattern of abnormal heat distribution in the scrotum can be detected through thermal imaging, which is a
distant, non-contact, and non-invasive method. The aim of the present study is to detect and grade varicocele.
Materials and Methods: This study was conducted on 50 patients with high probability of varicocele,
who referred to a hospital affiliated to the AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. The
evaluation procedure included thermal imaging, clinical diagnosis, and ultrasound test. The gold
standard method was based on ultrasound examination. The thermal imaging was performed using a
non-contact infrared camera.
Results: This paper presented two methods for diagnosing and grading varicocele. The first method
was based on the patterns and models of thermal asymmetry in the testicles (including three
asymmetric and symmetric patterns). The second method was based on the temperature differences.
The obtained results demonstrated that the use of temperature differences in the diagnosis of
varicocele was better than the other proposed method. In addition, a temperature difference of 0.5°C
in the pampiniform venous plexus was an important indicator for the diagnosis of varicocele using
thermal imaging. The accuracy of thermography in grading varicocele was 76%.
Conclusion: According to the results of the study, thermography is a useful method for initial
varicocele screening and can be applied as a supplement to other diagnostic techniques due to its low
cost and lack of radiation exposure. Thermography was concluded to be a precise technique for the
diagnosis of varicocele; however, its capability to determine the varicocele grading was comparatively
low.
the testicles. The distribution pattern of abnormal heat in the scrotum can be detected by thermal imaging. The
thermal imaging is a remote, noncontact and noninvasive method. The purpose of the study was to investigate
the correlation between varicocele and the temperature of testicular using thermal imaging in the soldiers
referred to AJA 501 hospital in 2016.
Materials and Methods: This was a descriptive study that was conducted on 56 soldiers in the AJA 501
hospital in 2016. In this study, capabilities of thermal imaging in detecting and grading varicocele were
evaluated. In order to do thermography, the non-contact infrared camera of VIS-IR 640 was used. Results were
reported through descriptive statistics.
Results: In both cases, by using temperature distribution and thermography camera, it was found that there was a
possibility to identify varicocele. There was thermal asymmetry and increase in the temperature of the
pampiniform plexus while there was no increase in the temperature of the testicle. We also observed the
asymmetry and increase in the temperature while the increase of temperature in the scrotum was noticeable. The
results showed that detection capability of thermography in grade 3 varicocele was higher than other grades.
Conclusion: According to the results obtained from research, thermography is highly applicative in diagnosing
varicocele due to safety, lack of exposure to the patient, and cheap and convenient diagnosis of varicocele. It is
recommended that thermography method be used as a complementary method along ultrasound techniques.
Key words: Thermal imaging, Varicocele, Ultrasonography, Tehran
places as an infectious disease. COVID-19 can be prevented from
spreading rapidly in crowded areas by implementing multiple
strategies. The use of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) as a
sensing devices can be useful in detecting overcrowding events.
Accordingly, in this paper, we introduce a real-time system for
identifying overcrowding due to events such as congestion and
abnormal behavior. For the first time, a monitoring approach is
proposed to detect overcrowding through the UAV and social
monitoring system (SMS). We have significantly improved
identification by selecting the best features from the water cycle
algorithm (WCA) and making decisions based on Deep Transfer
Learning (DTL). According to the analysis of the UAV videos, the
average accuracy is estimated at 96.55%. Experimental results
demonstrate that the proposed approach is capable of detecting
overcrowding based on UAV videos' frames and SMS's
communication even in challenging conditions.
noticeable above the testicles. The main patterns of the level of abnormal heat distribution in the
scrotum can be detected by the help of thermal imaging. It should be noted that Thermal Imaging is
widely considered as a distant, non-contact, and non-invasive bunch of procedures for the detection of a
wide array of diseases. Adopting a non-contact infrared camera (SDS Hotfind L) and by taking images
of 50 patients with varicocele, the potentialities of thermography were probed and assessed. In two cases,
by means of heat distribution, varicocele was identified through a thermal camera; one included thermal
asymmetry and increased temperature in venous plexus (pampiniform) and no thermal increase in the
testicle of the same side (It is grade II of varicocele with a temperature difference around 1°C), and the
other increased temperature of venous plexus (pampiniform) as well as the increased temperature of the
testicle of the same side (It is grade III of varicocele with a temperature difference around 1.5°C). In the
same line, the accuracy of detection of thermography is 76% in grades of varicocele. Moreover, the
accuracy of recognition of thermography through the convolution neural network is 71%. Based on the
results of this research, thermography can be an applicative method for initial screening and can be
adopted as a supplementary technique to other diagnostic techniques due to lack of exposure, being of
low cost, and providing a relatively appropriate diagnosis in varicocele.
pattern of abnormal heat distribution in the scrotum can be detected through thermal imaging, which is a
distant, non-contact, and non-invasive method. The aim of the present study is to detect and grade varicocele.
Materials and Methods: This study was conducted on 50 patients with high probability of varicocele,
who referred to a hospital affiliated to the AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. The
evaluation procedure included thermal imaging, clinical diagnosis, and ultrasound test. The gold
standard method was based on ultrasound examination. The thermal imaging was performed using a
non-contact infrared camera.
Results: This paper presented two methods for diagnosing and grading varicocele. The first method
was based on the patterns and models of thermal asymmetry in the testicles (including three
asymmetric and symmetric patterns). The second method was based on the temperature differences.
The obtained results demonstrated that the use of temperature differences in the diagnosis of
varicocele was better than the other proposed method. In addition, a temperature difference of 0.5°C
in the pampiniform venous plexus was an important indicator for the diagnosis of varicocele using
thermal imaging. The accuracy of thermography in grading varicocele was 76%.
Conclusion: According to the results of the study, thermography is a useful method for initial
varicocele screening and can be applied as a supplement to other diagnostic techniques due to its low
cost and lack of radiation exposure. Thermography was concluded to be a precise technique for the
diagnosis of varicocele; however, its capability to determine the varicocele grading was comparatively
low.
the testicles. The distribution pattern of abnormal heat in the scrotum can be detected by thermal imaging. The
thermal imaging is a remote, noncontact and noninvasive method. The purpose of the study was to investigate
the correlation between varicocele and the temperature of testicular using thermal imaging in the soldiers
referred to AJA 501 hospital in 2016.
Materials and Methods: This was a descriptive study that was conducted on 56 soldiers in the AJA 501
hospital in 2016. In this study, capabilities of thermal imaging in detecting and grading varicocele were
evaluated. In order to do thermography, the non-contact infrared camera of VIS-IR 640 was used. Results were
reported through descriptive statistics.
Results: In both cases, by using temperature distribution and thermography camera, it was found that there was a
possibility to identify varicocele. There was thermal asymmetry and increase in the temperature of the
pampiniform plexus while there was no increase in the temperature of the testicle. We also observed the
asymmetry and increase in the temperature while the increase of temperature in the scrotum was noticeable. The
results showed that detection capability of thermography in grade 3 varicocele was higher than other grades.
Conclusion: According to the results obtained from research, thermography is highly applicative in diagnosing
varicocele due to safety, lack of exposure to the patient, and cheap and convenient diagnosis of varicocele. It is
recommended that thermography method be used as a complementary method along ultrasound techniques.
Key words: Thermal imaging, Varicocele, Ultrasonography, Tehran