Horticulture

Different growth parameters of garlic as well as bulb yield were found significant in respect of the treatments. Nonetheless, the combination of 10 cm thick mulch with zero tillage produced the highest yield (9.92 t/ha). On the contrary, the lowest yield (4.23 t/ha) was obtained from no mulch with zero tillage. Economic analysis among the treatment combinations showed that the total cost of production was the highest in 12 cm thick mulch with conventional tillage, however, the highest BCR (2.89) was recorded from the zero tillage with 10cm mulch.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jesnr.v4i2.10126  J. Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 4(2): 19-26, 2011

during April-May 2014 to study the effects of the controlled deterioration (CD) on the bush bean seeds at the constant temperature of 35 o C. The 3 factors considered were: two bush bean varieties; four ageing periods (0, 4, 8, and 16 days); and three seed moisture contents (12, 16 and 20% moisture content). The twenty four treatment combinations compared in the Complete Randomized Design (CRD) with the three replications for the eight parameters were: % germination, % abnormal seedlings, % dead seeds, % soil emergence and seedling evaluation test for the root and shoot lengths as well as their dry matter contents.

during April-May 2014 to study the effects of the controlled deterioration (CD) on the bush bean seeds at the constant temperature of 35 o C. The 3 factors considered were: two bush bean varieties; four ageing periods (0, 4, 8, and 16 days); and three seed moisture contents (12, 16 and 20% moisture content). The twenty four treatment combinations compared in the Complete Randomized Design (CRD) with the three replications for the eight parameters were: % germination, % abnormal seedlings, % dead seeds, % soil emergence and seedling evaluation test for the root and shoot lengths as well as their dry matter contents.

Feeding the world with good agricultural and forestry practices is becoming a challenge and researchers are working on different approaches to find the most ecofriendly solution. Chemical fertilizers are increasingly being used, despite the fact that their intensive use has proven to have a harmful effect on soil, water, the environment, and, ultimately, plants and humans' health. Biofertilizer has been considered a better option than other conventional fertilizers since it contains a typical population of helpful microorganisms that provide nutrients to the soil required by the plant without destroying the precious environment. However, in terms of understanding their proper mechanisms and importance for sustainable farming, efficient knowledge of microorganism-based biofertilizers remains in the shadows. This study aims to explore the different challenges faced regarding microorganism-based biofertilizer use in agriculture and forestry. It will support the overcoming of identified challenges and increase farmers' acceptance as the main option to provide the required nutrition for the soil to obtain better quality and a higher quantity of agricultural products. Overall, priority should be given to developing advanced technology and proper storage mechanisms, distribution mechanisms, and subsidies in order to gain popularity and reliability. This article is timely because biofertilizers are currently undergoing manufacture and application; now is the time to identify challenges and solutions for research and development.

The World Health Organization (WHO) declared the COVID-19 as a pandemic disease due to its rapid spreading worldwide, caused by a novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) that has brought about many fatalities. Until now, no effective treatment in the form of anti-virus medication or vaccine has been available for the disease. Therefore, this review aimed to identify some important medicinal plants with herbal formulae and guidelines which are used to treat viral diseases especially pandemic COVID-19 disease. Based on this argument, an online search was performed, which assisted to identify a group of plant species harboring antiviral properties. In the recent past, some natural herbal compounds prepared from existing medicinal plants available surrounding us have demonstrated encouraging antiviral properties. This review can be used as guidance of traditional medicine for the alternative treatment of COVID-19 disease with the utilization of medicinal plants.

This experiment was conducted to study the effectiveness of different preservative solutions on vase life and quality of angelica cut inflorescences cv. Single. The concentrations of citric acid at 100, 200 and 300 mg L-1 , sucrose at 3% and 4% and H 2 O 2 at 0.1%, 0.2% and 0.3% were used as preservatives, while distilled water was used as control. The single factor experiment was laid out in a completely randomized design (CRD) with three replications. Citric acid and H 2 O 2 solutions effectively inhibited bacterial growthrelated blockage in the vascular tissues, but had adverse effects on the vase life. The inflorescences stored in sucrose (3% and 4%) solutions remained fresh up to 10 days after preservation (DAP), maintaining good solution uptake, controlling transpiration loss and gaining higher relative fresh weight. Different quality parameters like floret diameter and number of opened florets were also significantly higher in inflorescences preserved in sucrose (3% and 4%) solution, followed by control, citric acid and H 2 O 2 , respectively, in different DAP. Overall, the inflorescence of cut tuberose preserved in sucrose, particularly at 4% solutions, showed better postharvest quality than other preservatives and maximum vase life.