Department of Management

In recent years the use of mobile phones and smart phones have become more
widespread and continue to grow significantly and almost half of the population of the earth now
use mobile communications. The mobile telecommunications industry is a key driver of both
economic and social development across the globe and it is one of the most transformational
industries in the world today, enriching the daily lives of almost half of the world’s population and
mobile device is becoming part and parcel in our daily life and plays a pivotal role in passing
time and recreation device for people specially young generation. This study investigates the
identification of the key factors affecting the adoption of mobile phone gaming in the context of
Bangladesh.

The study was conducted at the Faculty of Business Studies, Hajee Mohammad Denesh Science and
Technology University, Dinajpur, Bangladesh October-December, 2013. The study is an endeavour to
investigate customers’ point of view about the impact of the dimensions of brand credibility on the
dimensions of overall brand equity. The purpose of the study is to examine the association between brand
credibility dimensions (trustworthiness, expertise and attractiveness) and dimensions of overall brand
equity (brand loyalty, perceived quality and brand awareness) of existing customers of Grameen Phone in
Bangladesh. A self administered questionnaire was employed to collect data from respondents by method
of non-probability judgmental sampling. Some statistical tools like Bivariate regression analysis (BRA) and
analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used to get the ultimate output with the help of SPSS. Results of
statistical analysis revealed that brand credibility has statistically significant and positive association with
overall brand equity. So company should focus on brand credibility and establish long lasting credibility to
sustain and strengthen the current branding position in the fierce competitive market.

Rajshahi Krishi Unnayan Bank (RAKUB) has taken some steps to alleviate the poverty of the
north-west region in Bangladesh. Providing loan in agricultural sector is one of them because the most of
the people in the country are directly and indirectly engaged in agriculture. Surprisingly they generate a
low income causing low investments and more than one-third of the people live below the poverty line.
This study is an endeavor to conduct with the objective of finding why loan recovery performance is lower
in relation
to loan disbursement. The descriptive research works have been used for analyzing and
investigating the empirical data derived from primary and secondary sources related to loan disbursement
and recovery performance of crops and livestock of the RAKUB, Binodpur Branch, Rajshahi. In this paper
it has found that the branch is in ahead of loan disbursement but disbursed loan of this branch being
unrecovered and classified due to use of that fund in family private expenses and festival expenses and
natural calamity like flood, rain with hail, drought.

Quality of work life is a comprehensive approach of
work life that holds some sorts of principles
those are job
satisfaction, trustworthiness toward organization and valuable
contribution of workforce for
the organizations. In spite of
banking sector of Bangladesh is a growing and emerging
economic sector,
the state owned commercial banks are not
contributing to the economy up to marks. The objective of the
study is to analyze the interrelationship between the quality of
worklife and the dimensions or factors of
quality of worklife on
the bank employees in the northern region of the country. A
structured self
administered questionnaire consists of 20 items
have been used for primary data collection. Secondary
data
have been derived from the books, published research
articles, and banks websites for achieving the
objectives of the
study. The survey data have been analyzed using SPSS. The
descriptive analysis,
correlation test, and regression analysis
have been used to analyze the collected data. The study has
found that in the banks there is a little presence of environment
of quality of worklife. Basically there is a
strong need of
suitable working environment and presence of hazy work
features and a
little existence of
social recognition and
integration and the rest of the dimensions are moderately
present. The study has
also revealed that compensation and
other remuneration and career opportunity and growth are
highly
correlated with worklife that causes a lower level of
satisfaction of employees’ comparison to private
commercial
banks’ employees.

Faculty members’ of any University are playing a crucial role for students and the administration
of University should be aware of the importance of faculty members’ commitment and its role in
motivating them for sustaining their performance. The purpose of this study was to identify the impact of
faculty members’ commitment on sustained performance in University sector of Bangladesh. Both
primary and secondary data has been used for the study. Primary data were collected through structured
questionnaires and secondary data were used to identify the commitment related problems of the faculty
members’ of University and collected from related journals, books, websites. In this study Satisfaction,
Affective Commitment, Continuance Commitment & Normative Commitment have been used as
independent variables and Sustained performance as the dependent variable. The findings of the study
indicated that normative commitment is significantly related to sustained performance, continuance
commitment is negatively related and affective commitment, satisfaction have no relation with sustained
performance. The finding reveals that there exists a significant relation between satisfaction and Affective
Commitment, Continuance Commitment, Normative Commitment. The study suggests that the
administration should be working towards the faculty members’ satisfaction and organizational
commitment.

The trend of female branded fashion clothing is growing rapidly in retail industry across
the globe. The study purpose is to examine Bangladeshi female consumers’ fashion apparel
buying behavior and key factors of branded clothing. The study nature is descriptive and primary
data were collected from survey questionnaires using non probability judgmental sampling. Data
were analyzed by descriptive statistics, ANOVA, multiple regression and factor analysis. The
results observed that brand status, attitude, popularity, image, premium, self-respect, and
reference groups were found to have positive effects on consumer buying behavior. The
important findings help to highlight the factors influencing consumer involvement in purchasing
fashion apparel. The study contribution is to make clear understanding for marketers about the
preferences of consumers to attract and maintain target consumer groups and to understand the
factors influencing the fashion apparel purchase to formulate diversified and innovative
marketing strategies towards branded fashion industry in Bangladesh.

Stress either mental or physical is a major problem faced by employees in the working environment that affects performance. This study attempts to identify the potential factors that cause stress, and how they affect the job performance for employees in banking sector of Bangladesh. In this study a survey has been conducted on 100 bank employees in Dinajpur district of Bangladesh with the help of structured questionnaire using likert scale and in-depth face to face interviews. The results show some significant factors that cause stress and negatively affect the performance of bank workers. The factors are increased workload, lower salaries, unreachable target, centralized management, customer dealings, technological problem, lack of acknowledgement, longer time frames. The study suggests that the banks should concentrate on these vital issues through congenial work environment and revision of compensation, technology system, service delivery system, and time management. The limitations of the study are small sample size and a few numbers of banks compared to total number of banks in Bangladesh.

The purpose of investment by investors in the capital market is to seek profit either in the form of dividend or
capital gain and increase wealth. Therefore, before making an investment, it is imperative to the investors to
familiarize with the company's fundamental status and performance variables that guide their maximum
economic welfare. But on which variable(s) the investors should rely on? Taking this matter into account, the
study attempts to identify the variables that have significant influence on shares price in the capital market, to
guide investors in selecting the right option to invest, by taking Reneta Pharmaceuticals Limited (RPL),
Bangladesh as a case, for the periods 2004 to 2011. Using correlation coefficient, coefficient of determination
and testing the formulated hypotheses through student’s ‘t’ test, the study reveals that cash flow per share, priceearnings
ratio and return on assets have significant impact on price of shares and are the best metrics to explain
price movements in capital market and suggest investors to use these in predicting future changes and taking
investment decision thereafter.

Consumption function shows the relationship between a nation’s income and consumption and it is imperative in macroeconomics. The present study is causal in nature. The study is based on secondary data sources especially absolute income theory of consumption under the Keynes’s short-run consumption function and psychological law of consumption. This paper is an endeavor to study the Keynes’s short-run consumption function (SCFk) with some special assumptions that SCFk is misleading to formulate the macroeconomic policies. This study has developed a modified short-run consumption function (SCFm) with some special assumptions. The SCFm shows that total consumption is lower than the total consumption by SCFk. So, the saving derived from SCFm is higher than the saving derived from SCFk. This study constructs that under some special assumption, SCFm helps to calculate the exact amount of consumption, saving, investment to formulate macroeconomic policy (policies) properly which has great impact in macroeconomics.

The financial goal of a firm is to maximise the economic welfare of the owners. Owners’ economic welfare could
be maximised by maximising the shareholders wealth as reflected in the market value of shares. The value of shares is
represented by their market price which is a reflection of the firm’s financial decisions that include investment or long-term
asset-mix decision, financing or capital-mix decision and dividend or profit allocation decision. Among the critical decisions,
decision relating to dividend is the most crucial as the financial manager must decide whether the firm should distribute all
profits or retain them or distribute a portion and retain the balance. However, the preachers of shareholders value theory
have discouraged distribution of earnings in the form of dividend as it implies inefficiency on the part of the management
towards shareholder’s wealth maximisation. Taking this argument into account, this paper attempts to study the relationship
between dividend payout and economic value added (EVA), an indicator to shareholders wealth creation, introduced by
United States based consultants Stern Stewart and Company, New York, in 1990, using data of Square Pharmaceutical
Limited (SPL), one of the largest pharmaceutical companies in Bangladesh, for the periods 2004-05 to 2010-11. Using simple
regression equation method, the study comes to the conclusion that there is an inverse relationship between dividend
payout and EVA and recommends SPL to continue the existing dividend policy of retaining a bulky portion of earnings rather
than high payout ratio.

In the era of fierce competitive financial markets and the fastest growth of banking sector and other financial
institutions, it is very tremendous task for service marketing people to meet the demands of customers and to
apply marketing techniques and strategies to attract, grow and retain customers and increase their volume of
deposits. The aim of this study is to analyze the service marketing mix elements especially 7P’s to attract
customers and to achieve the competitive advantage and their relationship as well as their impact on bank
marketing performance of Janata Bank Limited. The research is descriptive in nature and survey questionnaire
were used for the collection of data with personal face to face interview with branch manager, executives,
officers and customers of the bank. The study questionnaire included 21 questions and the sample size was 200.
Non probability judgment sampling technique was used to select the respondents. Descriptive statistics,
ANOVA and multiple regressions were used to analyze the data. The results demonstrate that most of the
variables have at least minimal relationship with bank marketing performance. It is observed in the study that
among the seven service marketing mix elements products and service, and price were found to have more
positive relationship and effects on bank marketing performance. The important finding help gather knowledge
and understanding about the scenario of elements of service marketing mix and highlights elements that mostly
influence the marketing of banking product and service. The contribution made by the study is to make clear
understanding about the concept of marketing mix tools that will help service marketing managers to properly
construct and design customized banking products and service with affordable price to satisfy their needs more
effectively and efficiently through dynamic and innovative service marketing strategies.

The study represents the clear picture of quality of worklife, organizational citizenship behavior and job
satisfaction of pharmaceuticals’ employees and the interrelationship between them. The nature of the study was
qualitative. The data collection procedures were non-probability snowball sampling. The primary data were
collected through mobile phone, face to face interview from 100 executives and employees (50% each). The
collected interview data were analyzed and assembled considering directly quoted statements, feelings of
respondents, the practical experience of respondents and a question or probe as the referent. The secondary data
were derived from the journals, books, and websites. The primary finding of the study is lower levels of
satisfaction, which encircle employees because of the poor quality of worklife. The study finds that better
quality of worklife can ensure the job satisfaction of employees and the employees with higher job satisfaction
will always perform better citizenship behavior. A group of satisfied employee with citizenship behavior
handles easily any hurdles ahead of the organizations. They could establish a long term plan for pharmaceutical
industry to solve the existing problems that would make this sector more strong and sustainable. The study
suggests that the organizations should prioritize to ensure better quality of worklife for the ultimate success and
sustainable development in this sector.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of organizational culture and to measure the job satisfaction as
applied to executives of private banks. Another purpose of this study was to determine whether perceptions of
different employees are different about organizational culture and job satisfaction or not. Based on the previous
relevant research studies seven factors were identified for both organizational culture and job satisfaction. This study
operationally defined culture in terms of supervisor support, communication, rules and policies, and rewards and
benefits. The data were collected through the distribution of a structured questionnaire among 130 employees through
a stratified random sampling. Validity of the scale was ensured using factor analysis. Data was analyzed using
correlation and regression analysis. Data was collected through personal interview from 21 April to 30 June 2015.
Multiple Regression analysis was used for testing the impact of seven factors of organizational culture on job
satisfaction. The result shows as cultural factors – supportiveness, reward system, compatibility, security, and privacy,
leadership style, subordinate attitude and communication structure make a significant impact on job satisfaction. It
must be needed for all organizations to give emphasis on reward system because it is very effective way for increasing
employee’s satisfaction level.

The study was conducted to identify the job satisfaction factors and measure the level of job satisfaction of mobile telecom sector employees in Bangladesh. For this purpose 220 data were collected from six largest mobile companies. Job satisfaction survey (JSS) questionnaire contain three (pay/benefits, organizational factors and managerial factors) main factors and within three factors sixteen sub factors were used to collect respondents opinion regarding to the job satisfaction. Pearson chi-square and correlation were used to test the hypothesis. The result shows employees are moderately satisfied with pay/compensation, fringe benefits, workplace, organizational reputation, supportive management. Employees are slightly satisfied contingent rewards, recognition, co-workers behavior, logistics support, relationship with supervisor, proper communication. On the other hand employees are dissatisfied on promotion, job security, work-load, organization rules and regulation, sense of achievement. The result also shows demographic variables (age, sex educational level) are negatively related with overall job satisfaction of the employee. Finally this is found 34.1% employees are satisfied and 13.2% employees are dissatisfied towards the overall job satisfaction factors.

The purpose of the current study is to show the statistical linkage between CSR expenditure of financial service firm mainly DBBL and its financial performance on the basis of some key parameters that attempts to contribute to the existing knowledge of corporate social responsibility initiatives by businesses and its ability to influence their financial performance. Consequently, the main objective is to examine the relationship between CSR and financial performance of the banking sector. For this purpose, various financial drivers are used such as EPS, DPS, NPAT, ROE, EVA ROA, MVA and, ROE and ROI. After getting all the relevant data from secondary sources like annual reports and reports from Bangladesh Bank, statistical tool like multivariate analysis in the form of Bi-variate Regression is used to depict the relationship and the developed hypotheses are tested by using Univariate analysis in the form of one sample t test under parametric test. The major finding of this study demonstrates evidence that there is a statistical significant linkage between CSR and Performance of the sample bank.

Commercial banks play a significant role in the economy, making up one of the biggest provider of services and corporate social responsibility (CSR) and working as a social partner in the economy of Bangladesh. Hence, providing better service quality is vital, first, because it gives banks a competitive advantage, and eventually, because it can maximize the proper utilization of human and capital resources as well as initiate sustainable economic development. The aim of this study is to examine the service quality from the perspective of bank customers by conducting a mean comparison of all dimensions between Islamic banks (IB) and conventional banks (CB) of Bangladesh, comparing the ranking for IB and CB based on customers' perceptions, and lastly to identify the similarities between IB and CB based on customer preference. A sample of retail banking customers from IB and CB was surveyed through a set of questionnaires. The proposed scale is called service quality (SERVQUAL) and comprises 33 items named with six dimensions: Compliance, Assurance, Reliability, Tangible, then Empathy and Responsiveness (CARTER). By collecting data from a sample of 165 customers, researchers conducted a comprehensive profile analysis, mean average, SERVQUAL scores, ranking of attributes etc. The study indicates that when the mean comparison for all 6 dimensions is generated, compliance issues are very important for IB customers, while the same cannot be said for CB customers, who give more importance to Assurance and Reliability.

The present study was undertaken to evaluate students' satisfaction on services provided by the universities of Bangladesh. To establish and test dimensions for measuring service quality in higher education. The main purpose of this study is to evaluate students' satisfaction on services provided by Higher Educational Institutions (HEIs). Specifically, the study found significant relationship between the five dimensions of service quality (tangibility, reliability, responsiveness, assurance, and empathy) or SERVQUAL and students' satisfaction. General survey guided by a well-structured questionnaire had been administered across a valuable sample of 160 students of four public universities. The findings generally indicate that the majority of students are satisfied with the facilities provided by universities. Such findings help universities make better strategic plan as to enhance students' satisfaction in particular and its overall performance in general. In general, the results indicated that all the five dimensions of service quality were correlated with student satisfaction.

Article History Keywords Entrepreneurial intentions Theory of planned behavior Entrepreneurship Self-employment SDG 8 Bangladesh. This study aims at evaluating the outlook of the students, who are studying at a countryside institution in a developing country, towards entrepreneurship by applying the theory of planned behavior. Taking into account the lack of employment opportunities in rural areas in developing economies, and the scarcity of literature on students' self-employment intentions there; we find this study timely. The results show that there is positive outlook of the respondents toward self-employment, and the theory of planned behavior explains a significant portion of the variance in their entrepreneurial intention. Attitude toward the entrepreneurship being the significant predictor, followed by perceived behavioral control and subjective norm. This study contributes to the literature by filling the scarcity on the application of the theory of planned behavior on learners from rural institution; and thereby validates the generalizability of the theory. It also offers some important policy measures to the policy makers at government level. Contribution/ Originality: This study contributes in the existing literature by showing evidence that the Theory of Planned Behavior is equally able to measure entrepreneurial intention among students under a setting of rural higher educational institution in a developing economy, and thereby further validates the generalizability of the theory's relevance across contexts.

The Altman Z-score was developed by Edward I. Altman (1968) for discriminate analysis to predict bankruptcy or financial strength or financial distress while the model was originally developed from samples of publicly traded manufacturing companies; it is also widely used in private manufacturing, non-manufacturing and service companies.The original Altman Z-score is based on five financial ratios weighted by coefficients. In this study the Altman Z-score for publicly traded manufacturing company is used to assess the financial soundness or efficiency of textile industry.For this study 18 companies of the textile industry in Bangladesh have been selected and the secondary data from the annual report of these companies have been taken to calculate the relevant ratios of the Z-score model. Based on these ratios the Z-score has been calculated. The study has found that 28% companies of the sample industry have fall on " save " zone means shareholders of these companies are save and investor can invest in this companies as these companies are financially sound. But 22% companies of the sample industry have fall on " grey " zone means these companies have good chance of being financially distress within the next two years of operation. Again, 50% companies of the sample industry have fall on " distress " zone. But the average Z-score of the textile industry in Bangladesh has fall on " grey " zone. So, overall financial soundness of the textile industry in Bangladesh is not satisfactory.