Sports ScienceS

The effects of water-based exercises on body composition continue to be controversial. The present study was proposed to assess the impact of pool workouts on weight, body composition, resting energy expenditure (REE), and the quality of life of sedentary obese older women without dietary intervention. Fifty-five sedentary obese women (mean age 69.5 ± 4.3 years) were selected in this prospective experimental study (2018). Participants were divided randomly into two groups: moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) and high-intensity intermittent training (HIIT). Both pool workouts models included a similar energy expenditure (1500 kcal/week), which were performed three times a week for 60 minutes each time and lasted for three months. The following measurements were carried out pre-and post-study: anthropometry, body composition, REE, and quality of life. The Wilcoxon nonparametric test was applied to compare between groups and times (pre-and post-study). The comparison of pre-and post-study showed significant decreases of body weight (-0.7 kg), BMI (-0.5 kg/m²), fat mass (FM,-0.7 kg), and REE (-81 kcal/day) for the MICT (p ˂ 0.05), and a significant decrease of the only FM (-0.7 kg) for the HIIT (p ˂ 0.05). Regarding the quality of life, decreased pain, social and vitality improvements were significant in the MICT group, but improved vitality and health status in the group of HIIT were significant. Pool workouts without the dietary control revealed a modest influence on the body composition of sedentary obese older women, with better results for MICT. However, the improvement in the quality of life cannot be ignored.

Negative-calorie diets (NCDs) are among the popular dieting guides for weight loss; however, there is still little knowledge about this method. The present study aimed to determine the effects of a NCD supplemented with exercise on weight loss and lipid profile, and to compare its efficiency with low-calorie diets (LCDs) with exercise among elderly adult men with abnormal weight gain. Participants included sedentary men (aged 45-75 years) who were overweight or obese (n = 37). They were randomly divided into 2 groups: a group with a NCD and exercise, and a group with a LCD with exercise. Of all 37 participants, 30 completed the treatment. Weight assessment parameters, including changes in weight and body composition and blood sample tests, were performed before and 3 months after intervention. All parameters decreased significantly in both groups. Elevation in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels (P < 0.001) was different between the 2 groups. The decline in the tota...

Background: A popular dieting guide for the weight loss is the negative-calorie diet; even so, there is still little knowledge about this method. Objectives: The present study aimed to determine the effects of negative-calorie diet supplemented with exercise, on the weight loss and lipid profile, and to compare its efficiency with low-calorie diet with exercise among middle-aged overweight women. Patients and Methods: This was a randomized study (the CONSORT statement) carried out at Ukrainian Center of Sports Medicine (Kiev-2012). Participants (n = 66) included sedentary overweight or obese women (age 45-64 years). They were randomly divided into two groups: negative calorie diet with exercise, and low-calorie diet with exercise. Out of all 66 participants, 60 persons completed the study period (three months). The weight parameters, including change in weight and body composition, and blood sample tests were assessed pre-and post-intervention for all subjects and compared to each other. P ˂ 0.05 was considered significant. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS (version 19.0 for windows). Results: All parameters changed significantly in both groups. Reduction in total cholesterol (P ˂ 0.05) and LDL-cholesterol (P ˂ 0.05) as well as raising HDL-cholesterol level (P ˂ 0.002) were different between the two groups. Decline of the total cholesterol to HDL-cholesterol ratio was similar in both groups. Conclusions: It seems that the concept of negative-calorie lacks any validity and application. Contrary to expectation, efficacy of both weight-loss diets was the same.

Background/aim: Weight gain is associated with balance disorders. This study intends to evaluate the postural stability in a natural stance in overweight and obese men by measuring the center of pressure (CoP) velocity in the medial-lateral (ML) and anteriorposterior (AP) directions. Materials and methods: A total number of 111 men categorized according to body mass index (BMI) into normal weight, overweight, and obese categories underwent a measurement of quiet standing with eyes open (EO) and with eyes closed (EC). Postural stability was assessed using a force platform. The average of CoP velocity was assessed in the two directions. Results: In the AP direction under EO and EC conditions, obese men swayed significantly quicker than men with normal weight. In the ML direction under EO and EC conditions, a higher velocity of CoP was seen in normal weight men than in obese men. Conclusion: The results propose a negative influence of obesity on postural stability in the AP direction. In the ML direction, obese men were more stable than normal weight men, probably caused by enlargement of the base of support in a natural stance.

Background: Although time models of Aquafit are necessary among clinical guidelines to reduce weight, their implications on the health of the body are still controversial. Objectives: This study aimed to examine whether different time models of Aquafit per se would have beneficial effects on weight loss parameters. Methods: This prospective experimental research was conducted at the Ukrainian Sports Medicine Center (Kyiv, 2017) for 12 weeks. Selected volunteers from sedentary, overweight postmenopausal females (66 individuals) were randomly divided into two exercise programs, containing 33 females per group: moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT, mean age and BMI of 53.5 ± 6.3 years and 28.6 ± 1.2 kg/m 2 , respectively), and high-intensity interval training (HIIT, mean age and BMI of 54.6 ± 5.4 years and 28.7 ± 1.1 kg/m 2 , respectively). Both study groups performed water aerobics with three sessions of 60 minutes a week with similar energy expenditures (1500 kcal per week). Parameters of weight loss, such as body mass, BMI, lipid profile, and circumference of the waist, have been calculated before and after the study. Results: Compared with initial data, all studied parameters in both intervention groups were significantly decreased (P < 0.05). Significant differences were only found in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) between MICT and HIIT groups (P < 0.001). As well as, total cholesterol (T-C) to HDL-C ratio in HIIT was increased more than the MICT group (respectively, 0.75 and 0.69; P < 0.001). Conclusions: Weight loss caused by Aquafit results in the decrease of pro-atherogenic lipoproteins (T-C and LDL-C) in both groups of females during the menopause, whereas a further rise of HDL-C increases as a critical element of cholesterol transport, only with HIIT.

The effects of water-based exercises on body composition continue to be controversial. The present study was proposed to assess the impact of pool workouts on weight, body composition, resting energy expenditure (REE), and the quality of life of sedentary obese older women without dietary intervention. Fifty-five sedentary obese women (mean age 69.5 ± 4.3 years) were selected in this prospective experimental study (2018). Participants were divided randomly into two groups: moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) and high-intensity intermittent training (HIIT). Both pool workouts models included a similar energy expenditure (1500 kcal/week), which were performed three times a week for 60 minutes each time and lasted for three months. The following measurements were carried out pre-and post-study: anthropometry, body composition, REE, and quality of life. The Wilcoxon nonparametric test was applied to compare between groups and times (pre-and post-study). The comparison of pre-and post-study showed significant decreases of body weight (-0.7 kg), BMI (-0.5 kg/m²), fat mass (FM,-0.7 kg), and REE (-81 kcal/day) for the MICT (p ˂ 0.05), and a significant decrease of the only FM (-0.7 kg) for the HIIT (p ˂ 0.05). Regarding the quality of life, decreased pain, social and vitality improvements were significant in the MICT group, but improved vitality and health status in the group of HIIT were significant. Pool workouts without the dietary control revealed a modest influence on the body composition of sedentary obese older women, with better results for MICT. However, the improvement in the quality of life cannot be ignored.

Background: Poor balance ability will increase falling incidence. This study evaluated an acute improvement of postural steadiness through a neuromuscular and proprioceptive training (NPT) program in sedentary older females. Methods: Forty-eight sedentary females over the age of 65, who came to the Ukrainian center for sports medicine (Kiev) in the winter of 2018, volunteered for participation in this quasi-experimental study. Participants, who were derived from a convenience sample, were assigned at random to the NPT exercise group (n = 24; age = 70.1 ± 4.6; BMI = 22.34 kg/m2) and the seated rest group (n = 24; age = 69.3 ± 6.8; BMI = 22.47 kg/m2). The NPT exercise group held a modified NPT session for one hour and then finished it by cooling down for 5 minutes, while the seated rest group at the same time, stayed in a sitting position. The center of pressure (COP) in the static state in barefoot conditions was recorded with different visual conditions before and after the study fr...

Background: There are controversial studies on weight loss, cardiometabolic markers, and quality of life (QOL) in obese aged women participating in water sports. Objectives: This study aimed to determine the effects of the WATERinMOTION exercise program accompanied with no diet on the inactive obese aged women’s weight, cardiometabolic markers, and QOL. Methods: Sixty-four inactive obese aged women were recruited to participate in this cross-sectional study at the Ukrainian Sports Center, Kyiv, 2019. They were randomly assigned into two Case (n = 32, with the WATERinMOTION aquatics exercise program) and control (n = 32, held in a sitting position simultaneously) groups using the convenient sampling method. The two programs were run twice a week (55 minutes each time) and lasted for one month. Moreover, anthropometric indices (weight, height, waist circumference), cardiometabolic markers (blood lipid markers and glycaemia), QOL (SF-36 questionnaire), and dietary monitoring were asses...

Some controversy remains regarding the effects of aquatic exercise on body weight and composition. The purpose of this study was to determine the short-term impacts of the WATERinMOTION aquatics exercise program on body weight and composition without nutritional intervention in sedentary older women with overweight/ obesity. The study was developed as a quasi-experimental project (pre/post-study). Forty-four inactive women were volunteers from a convenience sample with a mean age of 71.1±5.7 years (Ukraine, 2019). Participants were allocated randomly into two groups: WATERinMOTION (n=22) or a control group (n=22). Meanwhile, the WATERinMOTION group performed the WATERinMOTION exercise programme with two weekly sessions of 55 minutes each. The control subjects did not participate in any physical exercises. They were asked to perform their routine activities during the study. Both programmes lasted one month. Height, body weight, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), fat ma...

کچ هدي شيپ هنيمز و فده : لالاتخا ت درکراک تکرح ي پ سح و ي رک ي هتکس زا دعب ار ي تسا ج . ا فده ي سررب شهوژپ ن ي ريثأت کرت ي ب رمت ي تان ناوت درادناتسا شخب ي اب رمت ي کرحم تان پ سح ي رک ي ، ور رب ي درکراک تکرح ي ناقوف مادنا ي ثا و تسا ا ر ي ن شور اب رمت ي تان ناوت درادناتسا شخب ي اقم دروم ي رارق هس م ي گ ي در . شور و داوم راک : ندومزآ ي اه ب زا ي هبلاتبم دارفا ن ن جلف ي هم ي ندب زغم هتکس لابند هب ي حرم رد هل داح دعب ، سنج ودره زا و ، نادهاز) باختنا ۱۳۹۵ و ( هب روط فداصت ي رد هورگ ود رمت ي تان هورگ) درادناتسا لوا = ۱۷ رفن ، نس = ۵ / ۸ ± ۹ / ۵۸ لاس و ( رمت ي کرت تان ي ب ي درادناتسا مأوت اب رمت ي تان پ سح ي رک ي هورگ) مود =

Background & Aims: Cardiovascular risk is reduced by both sports training and losing weight, but the independent value of these two plans is unclear. This study examined the influence of physical exercise and weight loss on cardiac risk profiles (CRP) in overweight inactive middle-aged women. Materials & Methods: Seventy-six individuals in a quasi-experimental design with a control group were classified for 12-week into four groups: a sports group (S, n = 20), a group with energy-restricted diet (E-rD, n = 19), a sports group with boosted diet (S-bD, n=20), and a control group (C, n = 17). The rate of energy reduction was equal (approximately 15% of the daily need for calories) to physical exercise in S and energy restriction in E-rD. The S-bD group performed the same amount of exercise but remained in energy balance due to the 15% increase in calorie intake during training. The components of CRP were measured at baseline and post-study. Results: Body weight was similarly diminished...

Background: Waterobics is a physical exercise with very few effects on the joints, hence its attractiveness for weight loss in obese middle-aged people.Objectives: This study was intended to evaluate the body mass, body composition, and coronary risk profile in sedentary obese middle-aged women in response to exercise-related time (continuous and at intervals) in waterobics programs.Methods: This prospective experimental research was conducted in 2018. Forty women with sedentary lifestyles (mean age 50.7±4.7 years) were selected and distributed randomly into two groups: high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and moderateintensitycontinuous training (MICT). Both programs consisted of waterobics exercises with similar energy expenditures (1500 kcal per week), implemented over three 60-minute sessions per week for three months. Before and after the study, anthropometry,body composition, and coronary risk profile were assessed. Non-parametric Wilcoxon test was used for group comparison...

Background & Aims: There are different methods concerning the exercise time duration, but information about its various models in middle-aged men is yet inadequate. The present study was meant to decide the interval training effects on losing weight and lipid profile and compare its efficiency with continuous training. Materials & Methods: The statistical population of this randomized trial (the CONSORT statement) research consisted of 82 middleaged men (age 45 to 65 years old) via overweight or obesity who had come to the Hermas Sports Club of Zahedan during the summer of 2017. In the beginning, participants fulfilled anthropometric measurements for body height and weight after getting a medical certificate. Body mass index was computed as body weight (kg) /height (m2). Following these steps, they were classified according to BMI into overweight or obese. Of all 82 participants, 70 persons ended the study. They were randomly partitioned into two groups, including continuous trainin...

Dear Editor, This letter describes a proposed method to prevent children from gaining weight during not attending school due to COVID-19. The pandemic of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is making considerable mortality and morbidity, putting pressure on health care systems, winding down the economy, and increasing school absenteeism. While lowering its immediate impact is a priority, I want to focus on a long-term impact on the health of children. By not attending school and staying at home, COVID-19 may lead to a stepped-up children’s obesity epidemic and increases obesity disorders. The COVID-19 pandemic has prevented students from attending school, forcing them to stay at home in many parts of Iran. The school system is not expected to return to normal this school year. Experiences gained in the Middle East countries such as Iran indicate that the observance of social distancing if canceled after a short time, must be periodically re-established its orders to control the prev...

It has been about two years since the first COVID-19 epidemic began,now it coincides with the fifth peak of epidemic infection in some countries. Over the years we have experienced many ups and downs of this virus(1, 2). It has been about two years since the first COVID-19 epidemic began,now it coincides with the fifth peak of epidemic infection in some countries. Over the years we have experienced many ups and downs of this virus(1, 2). Some people are still with us, but unfortunately, some have left us in the middle of their lives, and they have become victims of the COVID-19 pandemic(3). A virus that when it got into the world of people, many said: &quot;It does not last long and when it reaching warm seasons of the year, it will die prematurely and does not survive.&quot; However, the virus has survived to this today. Efforts have been made around the world to shine the bright rays of hope and life in the shady cornerscreated by it(4, 5). One of these constructive efforts is to ...