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1. Navigation
2. File Operations
3. File Permissions
4. Process Management
5. Text Manipulation
6. System Information
7. Network
8. Miscellaneous

• cd [directory]: Change directory
  • Example: cd Documents (change to the "Documents" directory)
• ls: List files and directories
  • Example: ls -l (list files in long format)
• pwd: Print working directory
  • Example: pwd (print current working directory)

• touch [filename]: Create an empty file
  • Example: touch file.txt (create a new file named "file.txt")
• cp [source] [destination]: Copy a file or directory
  • Example: cp file.txt /path/to/directory/ (copy file.txt to a directory at specified path)
• mv [source] [destination]: Move or rename a file or directory
  • Example: mv file.txt newname.txt (rename file.txt to newname.txt)
• rm [filename]: Remove a file
  • Example: rm file.txt (remove file.txt)
• mkdir [directory]: Create a directory
  • Example: mkdir newdirectory (create a directory named "newdirectory")
• rmdir [directory]: Remove an empty directory
  • Example: rmdir emptydirectory (remove an empty directory named "emptydirectory")
• rm -r [directory]: Remove a directory and its contents recursively
  • Example: rm -r directory (remove the "directory" and all its contents recursively)
• cat [filename]: Display the contents of a file
  • Example: cat file.txt (display the contents of file.txt)
• head [filename]: Display the first lines of a file
  • Example: head -n 5 file.txt (display the first 5 lines of file.txt)
• tail [filename]: Display the last lines of a file
  • Example: tail -n 10 file.txt (display the last 10 lines of file.txt)

• chmod [permissions] [filename]: Change file permissions
  • Example: chmod 644 file.txt (change the permissions of file.txt to read-write for owner and read-only for others)
• chown [owner:group] [filename]: Change file owner and group
  • Example: chown username:group file.txt (change the owner of file.txt to "username" and the group to "group")

• ps: List currently running processes
  • Example: ps aux (list all running processes and their details)
• kill [process_ID]: Terminate a process
  • Example: kill 1234 (terminate the process with ID 1234)
• bg: Send a process to the background
  • Example: bg %1 (send the job with ID 1 to the background)
• fg: Bring a background process to the foreground
  • Example: fg %1 (bring the job with ID 1 to the foreground)
• jobs: List background jobs
  • Example: jobs (list all background jobs)

• grep [pattern] [filename]: Search for a pattern in a file
  • Example: grep "apple" fruits.txt (search for the word "apple" in fruits.txt)
• sed [command] [filename]: Stream editor for filtering and transforming text
  • Example: sed 's/cat/dog/g' file.txt (replace all occurrences of "cat" with "dog" in file.txt)
• awk [pattern] [filename]: Text processing tool for pattern matching and data manipulation
  • Example: awk '{print $1}' file.txt (print the first column of data in file.txt)

• uname: Print system information
  • Example: uname -a (print all system information)
• df: Display disk space usage
  • Example: df -h (display disk space usage in human-readable format)
• free: Display memory usage
  • Example: free -h (display memory usage in human-readable format)
• top: Display real-time system statistics
  • Example: top (display real-time system statistics)
• history: View command history
  • Example: history (display the command history)

• ping [hostname/IP]: Test network connectivity to a host
  • Example: ping google.com (test network connectivity to google.com)
• nslookup [hostname]: Look up the IP address of a domain name
  • Example: nslookup google.com (look up the IP address of google.com)
• ifconfig: Display network interface configuration
  • Example: ifconfig (display network interface configuration)
• netstat: Display network connections and listening ports
  • Example: netstat -a (display all network connections and listening ports)

• echo [text]: Print text to the terminal
  • Example: echo "Hello, world!" (print "Hello, world!" to the terminal)
• date: Display current date and time
  • Example: date (display the current date and time)
• whoami: Print current user name
  • Example: whoami (print the current user name)
• sudo [command]: Execute a command with superuser (root) privileges
  • Example: sudo apt-get update (execute "apt-get update" command with superuser privileges)
• man [command]: Display manual page for a command
  • Example: man ls (display the manual page for the "ls" command)
• ! [command_number]: Execute a command from command history by its number
  • Example: !25 (execute the command with number 25 from the command history)

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1. Command Line Navigation
2. Command Line Editing
3. Command Line Control

Note: These cheatsheets are not exhaustive; they cover some of the most commonly used commands and shortcuts. For more information, please refer to the Bash documentation and command manuals.