Papers by Elizabeth Onwuka
Proxy Mobile IPv6 (PMIPv6) is a promising IP mobility protocols that is being deployed in emergin... more Proxy Mobile IPv6 (PMIPv6) is a promising IP mobility protocols that is being deployed in emerging wireless technologies. This however has a non-optimal packet route as a result of the triangular routing problem. This creates a bottle neck at the Local Mobility Anchor (LMA) thereby increasing packet delays. This paper presents the implementation of a locator-based route switching scheme on OPNET Modeler. The Mobility Access Gateway (MAG) and the LMA were enhanced by making them intelligent. This enables them to be able to check the position of the Corresponding Node (CN) with respect to the Mobile Node (MN) and also determine the available bandwidth on each link. From the checks made, a three-stage decision process is used to switch routing to the most optimal route that guarantees the best QoS. Node Models were developed for the MAG and LMA, network models were deployed and simulation tests were carried out. The results show that the developed scheme switched packets to a more optimal route according to the designed algorithm. The impact of this switching on differences between transmitted throughput at MN and the received throughput at CN was also evaluated. The receiver activity result shows a reduction in the bottleneck at the LMA-MAG link. The end-to-end delay results show over 50 milliseconds drop in packet delay as a result of the switching to a more optimal route. This shows that the packet delays result from the congestion at the LMA-MAG interface due to suboptimal routing.
Future wireless communication networks popularly known as beyond third generation
(B3G) or Fourth... more Future wireless communication networks popularly known as beyond third generation
(B3G) or Fourth generation (4G) networks will likely consist of heterogeneous wireless
networks which will be IP-Centric based. These networks will offer a wide range of high
data multimedia services to mobile users. To achieve this, Vertical Handoff (VHO) is
considered as the method of realization and it is defined as the process by which users
will seamlessly roam amongst these heterogeneous networks while communicating. To
realize VHO, effective and efficient algorithms for accurate VHO decision are of utmost
importance and hence form an area of current research focus. In this regards, several
efforts have been made and it is the specific objective of this paper to provide an
overview of efforts made thus far while discussing related VHO concepts. Specifically,
handoff types, handoff process and classification of vertical handoff, metrics required, and
existing works are presented. We seek to provide a concise background for not just VHO
decision algorithms but also for understanding the basic concept of VHO.
A real valued neural network (RVNN) based energy detector (ED) is proposed and analyzed for cogni... more A real valued neural network (RVNN) based energy detector (ED) is proposed and analyzed for cognitive radio (CR) application. This was developed using a known two-layered RVNN model to estimate the model coefficients of an autoregressive (AR) system. By using appropriate modules and a well-designed detector, the power spectral density (PSD) of the AR system transfer function was estimated and subsequent receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves of the detector generated and analyzed. A high detection performance with low false alarm rate was observed for varying signal to noise ratio (SNR), sample number, and model order conditions. The proposed RVNN based ED was then compared to the simple periodogram (SP), Welch periodogram (WP), multitaper (MT), Yule-Walker (YW), Burg (BG), and covariance (CV) based ED techniques. The proposed detector showed better performance than the SP, WP, and MT while providing better false alarm performance than the YW, BG, and CV. Data provided here support the effectiveness of the proposed RVNN based ED for CR application.
This paper presents a brief study on issues associated with network integration between wireless ... more This paper presents a brief study on issues associated with network integration between wireless LAN (WLAN) and Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) networks. Network integration of WLAN and UMTS networks is an area that requires continuous research attention. It gives service providers the opportunity to offer additional services such as " always on service " on their heterogeneous networks for the benefit of their subscribers and for overall Quality of service improvement of the networks. Since heterogeneous networks are involved, vertical handoff (VHO) has an important role to play in achieving seamless data mobility in the next generation networks. Issues and problems of VHO have to be adequately studied and addressed if both the service providers and their subscribers should get satisfactory results such integrations. In this paper therefore, we presented an overview study of handoff management in mobile communication networks, vertical handoff requirements and the different types of network integration. Our study shows that loosely-coupled architecture of network integration far outweighs that of the tightly-coupled architecture of network integration except under a critical and specified conditions. We therefore proposed that loosely-coupled architecture should always be considered first for network integrations where ever possible. It is hoped that critical issues of loosely-coupled architecture such as network Quality of service, security, and latency will be addressed in future works.
In the last few years of the past decade, advancements in electronics technology have increasingl... more In the last few years of the past decade, advancements in electronics technology have increasingly made electronic devices offer high performance with corresponding decrease in size of the electronic devices. However with this increase in performance and decrease in size of electronics devices there is an increase in demand for mobile devices' battery to keep the device up for longer period in operation and standby times. Research has however shown that advancements in battery technology have not being in tandem with advancements in other fields of electronics. Therefore wherever battery technology fails, it is complemented by electronics and communication technologies. In this work; a survey of mobile terminal energy management techniques and battery technologies was carried out and Dynamic power control algorithm (DPCA) was proposed. Results from simulation showed that DPCA increased battery performance when compared with another power control technique in literature.
Voice will remain a fundamental communication media that cut across people of all walks of life. ... more Voice will remain a fundamental communication media that cut across people of all walks of life. It is therefore important to make it very affordable. VoIP has been increasingly popular in recent times due to its affordability, however , poor reliability and voice quality remain important factors that limit the widespread adoption of VoIP systems. Good voice quality is a key factor for users transiting from the Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN) to VoIP networks. It has been shown that line echo is one of the key factors that deteriorate voice quality in VoIP systems. Several non-real-time algorithms have been developed in literature to estimate various aspects of voice quality in VoIP systems. But there is no real-time algorithm that estimates the echo content of a VoIP conversation, which could enable the operator take some cor-rective actions to improve the quality while the call is in progress. In this paper, the authors propose a real-time fuzzy algorithm to estimate the strength of the line echo component of the voice quality in VoIP networks. The results obtained shows that the algorithm is able to track and estimate echo content of a live VoIP traffic in real-time. This algorithm could be embedded in VoIP systems to enable operators monitors calls in real-time.
As IEEE 802.11 Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) becomes the prevailing technology for the broad... more As IEEE 802.11 Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) becomes the prevailing technology for the broad band wireless Internet access, its power save mechanism which has been discovered to be naturally weak in supporting the mobility of mobile host (MH) when there is no traffic to be served for the MHs has become a key research issue. This paper examined some power save algorithm in literature in the light of their performance and complexity. It also pointed out major limitations with the existing schemes, which calls for more work in this area.
2013 IEEE 11th Malaysia International Conference on Communications (MICC), 2013
The Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) is a major telecommunications system in Nigeria... more The Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) is a major telecommunications system in Nigeria. Therefore, millions of Nigerians are relying on it for daily businesses and living. It is a common knowledge that GSM has not satisfied the user-perceived Quality of Service (QoS) in Nigeria. One of the ways to solve this is to understand the traffic pattern in Nigeria. In this work, we establish the traffic pattern over 24 hours in Nigeria for a period of 5 months, determine the busy hour and also develop a model for traffic forecasting, using an operator switch in the north-central part of Nigeria with 6 Base Station Controllers (BSC). The BSCs are named BSC A - BSC F. The busy hour of a system is the time when the system processes the highest traffic in a day. Busy hour measurements are used to determine how robust a system is. Hence in GSM, the measurements taken at busy hour are used for proper equipment dimensioning. The data used in this paper was obtained from Network Management System (NMS) counter for a period of 5 months. The obtained data was analyzed using Artificial Neural Network (ANN). The busy hour was observed to be 20:00 on five of the BSCs studied and 14:00 on one.
The Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) is a major telecommunications system ... more The Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) is a major telecommunications system in Nigeria. Therefore, millions of Nigerians are relying on it for daily businesses and living. It is a common knowledge that GSM has not satisfied the user-perceived Quality of Service (QoS) in
Nigeria. One of the ways to solve this is to understand the traffic pattern in Nigeria. In this work, we establish the traffic pattern over 24 hours in Nigeria for a period of 5 months, determine the busy hour and also develop a model for traffic forecasting, using an operator switch in the north-central part of Nigeria with 6 Base Station Controllers (BSC). The BSCs are named BSC A - BSC F. The busy hour of a system is the time when the system processes the highest traffic in a day. Busy hour measurements are used to determine how robust a system is. Hence in GSM, the measurements taken at busy hour are used for proper equipment dimensioning. The data used in this paper was obtained from Network Management System (NMS) counter for a period of 5
months. The obtained data was analyzed using Artificial Neural
Network (ANN). The busy hour was observed to be 20:00 on five of the BSCs studied and 14:00 on one.
International Journal of Intelligent Systems and Applications, 2016
IEICE Transactions on Communications, 2006
This paper combines the idea of distributed hierarchical location directory (LD) with prefix rout... more This paper combines the idea of distributed hierarchical location directory (LD) with prefix routing to achieve balanced loading of network nodes in a mobile IPv6 access network. This results in a micro-mobility management scheme that improves on scalability by reducing host-specific caches therefore, it achieves good savings in memory. A direct consequence of reduced database entry is reduced search time at the nodes, which reduces end-to-end delay. Our partial HBR scheme performs better than the pure HBR schemes in memory conservation and end-to-end delay.
IEICE Transactions on …, Jan 1, 2004
journal.au.edu
The world over the decades has made considerable advancement in automation; automation is employe... more The world over the decades has made considerable advancement in automation; automation is employed in homes, industries, commercial and educational sectors. In this work, a microcontroller-based automatic school bell is designed. This circuit uses a programmed microcontroller chip to schedule the school teaching and break periods so that for every start or end of a period a bell is automatically rang. This design finds a tremendous use at primary and secondary school levels where the teaching sections can span over eight periods including breaks. The advantage here is that the bell rings at the start of each period without any human intervention to a great degree of accuracy. The time schedule results are compared with that obtained with a clock, however, some drift is noticed, which is negligible.
Leonardo Electronic Journal …, Jan 1, 2009
Energy Optimization Mechanism for Mobile Terminals using Vertical Handoff between WLAN and CDMA20... more Energy Optimization Mechanism for Mobile Terminals using Vertical Handoff between WLAN and CDMA2000 Networks. Nathaniel SALAWU and Elizabeth Nonye ONWUKA. Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Nigeria. ...
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Papers by Elizabeth Onwuka
(B3G) or Fourth generation (4G) networks will likely consist of heterogeneous wireless
networks which will be IP-Centric based. These networks will offer a wide range of high
data multimedia services to mobile users. To achieve this, Vertical Handoff (VHO) is
considered as the method of realization and it is defined as the process by which users
will seamlessly roam amongst these heterogeneous networks while communicating. To
realize VHO, effective and efficient algorithms for accurate VHO decision are of utmost
importance and hence form an area of current research focus. In this regards, several
efforts have been made and it is the specific objective of this paper to provide an
overview of efforts made thus far while discussing related VHO concepts. Specifically,
handoff types, handoff process and classification of vertical handoff, metrics required, and
existing works are presented. We seek to provide a concise background for not just VHO
decision algorithms but also for understanding the basic concept of VHO.
Nigeria. One of the ways to solve this is to understand the traffic pattern in Nigeria. In this work, we establish the traffic pattern over 24 hours in Nigeria for a period of 5 months, determine the busy hour and also develop a model for traffic forecasting, using an operator switch in the north-central part of Nigeria with 6 Base Station Controllers (BSC). The BSCs are named BSC A - BSC F. The busy hour of a system is the time when the system processes the highest traffic in a day. Busy hour measurements are used to determine how robust a system is. Hence in GSM, the measurements taken at busy hour are used for proper equipment dimensioning. The data used in this paper was obtained from Network Management System (NMS) counter for a period of 5
months. The obtained data was analyzed using Artificial Neural
Network (ANN). The busy hour was observed to be 20:00 on five of the BSCs studied and 14:00 on one.
(B3G) or Fourth generation (4G) networks will likely consist of heterogeneous wireless
networks which will be IP-Centric based. These networks will offer a wide range of high
data multimedia services to mobile users. To achieve this, Vertical Handoff (VHO) is
considered as the method of realization and it is defined as the process by which users
will seamlessly roam amongst these heterogeneous networks while communicating. To
realize VHO, effective and efficient algorithms for accurate VHO decision are of utmost
importance and hence form an area of current research focus. In this regards, several
efforts have been made and it is the specific objective of this paper to provide an
overview of efforts made thus far while discussing related VHO concepts. Specifically,
handoff types, handoff process and classification of vertical handoff, metrics required, and
existing works are presented. We seek to provide a concise background for not just VHO
decision algorithms but also for understanding the basic concept of VHO.
Nigeria. One of the ways to solve this is to understand the traffic pattern in Nigeria. In this work, we establish the traffic pattern over 24 hours in Nigeria for a period of 5 months, determine the busy hour and also develop a model for traffic forecasting, using an operator switch in the north-central part of Nigeria with 6 Base Station Controllers (BSC). The BSCs are named BSC A - BSC F. The busy hour of a system is the time when the system processes the highest traffic in a day. Busy hour measurements are used to determine how robust a system is. Hence in GSM, the measurements taken at busy hour are used for proper equipment dimensioning. The data used in this paper was obtained from Network Management System (NMS) counter for a period of 5
months. The obtained data was analyzed using Artificial Neural
Network (ANN). The busy hour was observed to be 20:00 on five of the BSCs studied and 14:00 on one.