Papers by women social and psychological studies women social and psychological studies
alzahra university, 2024
Violence against women is a significant global public health issue that affects women throughout ... more Violence against women is a significant global public health issue that affects women throughout their lives and increases the risk of various adverse health outcomes. This research examines the experiences of 20 married women living in the informal settlement of Al-Timor, Mashhad. It explores various types of domestic violence, the context and consequences of spousal violence, and the victims' reactions and coping mechanisms. Four general types of violence were identified: physical, emotional and psychological, sexual, and economic violence. Regarding the factors contributing to violence at home, the women studied cited gender norms, emotional breakdowns, addiction, mental health issues, and economic pressures. According to the interviewees, the consequences of violence include ongoing conflict and tension between spouses and the negative impact of the husband's behavior on children, including emotional and psychological harm.Regarding how women cope with violence, the findings indicate that those affected often adopt passive responses such as endurance, relying on religious beliefs and trust, and concealing or ignoring the
alzahra university, 2024
In various contexts, the scope and boundaries of coverage are influenced by multiple factors at b... more In various contexts, the scope and boundaries of coverage are influenced by multiple factors at both micro and macro levels of society. Therefore, this study adopts a novel approach to examining the type of coverage for female students, focusing on the impact of two variables: spirituality as a cultural-social variable at the macro level and selfperception as a human cognitive variable at the micro level. The study employs a combination of library research and field surveys, utilizing software such as SPSS, PLS 3, and Excel. The study population consists of 1001 female students, with a sample size of 277. The findings reveal a significant relationship between spirituality and self-perception, as well as between self-perception and type of coverage, as indicated by the Spearman test. The t-test value demonstrates that spirituality directly influences individuals' self-perception, with spirituality accounting for 0.230 of the variance in self-perception based on the coefficient of determination (r2). Similarly, self-perception explains 0.125 of the variance in type of coverage. With a path coefficient of-0.496 and a t-value of 5.456, spirituality significantly impacts self-perception. Likewise, self-perception significantly influences type of coverage,
In various contexts, the scope and boundaries of coverage are influenced by multiple factors at b... more In various contexts, the scope and boundaries of coverage are influenced by multiple factors at both micro and macro levels of society. Therefore, this study adopts a novel approach to examining the type of coverage for female students, focusing on the impact of two variables: spirituality as a cultural-social variable at the macro level and selfperception as a human cognitive variable at the micro level. The study employs a combination of library research and field surveys, utilizing software such as SPSS, PLS 3, and Excel. The study population consists of 1001 female students, with a sample size of 277. The findings reveal a significant relationship between spirituality and self-perception, as well as between self-perception and type of coverage, as indicated by the Spearman test. The t-test value demonstrates that spirituality directly influences individuals' self-perception, with spirituality accounting for 0.230 of the variance in self-perception based on the coefficient of determination (r2). Similarly, self-perception explains 0.125 of the variance in type of coverage. With a path coefficient of-0.496 and a t-value of 5.456, spirituality significantly impacts self-perception. Likewise, self-perception significantly influences type of coverage,
Alzahra University, 2023
http://jwsps.alzahra.ac.ir 6 structures supporting women and their low official employment rates ... more http://jwsps.alzahra.ac.ir 6 structures supporting women and their low official employment rates have driven them to create new self-made social structures, such as entrepreneurship. Entrepreneurship has the potential to define the field of activity and the role of women in expressing their abilities and skills, as well as their socioeconomic participation. Based on this, policymakers are urged to take entrepreneurship among women seriously, as it can play a crucial role in empowering and enabling women to participate effectively in society and the economy.
Alzahra University, 2023
COVID-19 has changed the lifestyles and patterns of interaction in families. This study aimed to ... more COVID-19 has changed the lifestyles and patterns of interaction in families. This study aimed to investigate the effect of coronavirus anxiety and death anxiety on the conflict between mothers and children aged 7 to 12 years in the home quarantine due to COVID-19. Thus, 160 mothers and primary school children in Tehran were studied. The results showed that increasing coronavirus anxiety in mothers increases conflict in children, which was represented in their paintings. The psychological symptoms of coronavirus anxiety were related to the position of the child, mother, and father on the child's drawing, and the physical symptoms of coronavirus anxiety disorder were related to the position of the child, mother, and father in the paintings. Also, death anxiety was related to the child's distance from the mother, the child's and the father's position. Furthermore, the mediating role of death anxiety on the relationship between coronavirus anxiety and Mother-Child Conflict was confirmed. Findings of the study
Alzahra University, 2023
The aim of this study was to explore the lived experiences of female faculty members in the proce... more The aim of this study was to explore the lived experiences of female faculty members in the process of work-life balance. This qualitative phenomenological study was conducted within the interpretivism paradigm, and the data were collected through semistructured interviews with 16 female faculty members from Kharazmi, Al-Zahra, and Khajeh Nasir universities (in Tehran province), Qom university (in Qom province), and Ilam university (in Ilam province). The participants were selected using purposive sampling and represented different disciplines and groups, including technical, basic sciences, and arts and humanities. They held positions ranging from instructor to associate professor, and were both single and married. Based on the findings of the study, the participants' narratives were categorized into six main themes: "participants' lifestyle," "difficulties in the process of recruitment," "incentives," "barriers experienced in the process of work-life balance," "experienced strategies for work-life balance," and "suggestions for work-life balance." In conclusion, the study highlights the need for a transformation in university institutions to accept the presence of women and support them as professional forces.
Alzahra University, 2023
The humiliation of working women is a widespread social problem that has diverse consequences. Th... more The humiliation of working women is a widespread social problem that has diverse consequences. This study aims to investigate working women's perceptions of humiliation in the workplace and their strategies for coping with it. To examine this issue, a qualitative approach was employed. Using purposive sampling and in-depth semi-structured interviews, 40 women from both public and private sectors were surveyed in Mako city. To ensure the validity, credibility, reliability, and transferability of the data, various measures were taken. Based on the three coding stages (open, axial, and selective) to explore working women's perceptions of humiliation, we extracted 25 concepts or open codes in the open coding stage. By linking these concepts, we obtained five categories that represent working women's perceptions of social humiliation. These categories include gender stereotypes, gender discrimination, violence, distrust, and violation of women's rights. Through abstracting and integrating these central categories in the selective coding stage, the core category of "social humiliation" was identified,
Alzahra University, 2023
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the organizational factors influencing the confl... more Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the organizational factors influencing the conflict between professional and family roles among female nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic. A survey method was used, and the study population included 100 women nurses from both public and private hospitals in Jiroft city, selected through the census method. The standard questionnaire used to collect data on organizational factors and work-family role conflicts was validated through face validity, and reliability was assessed through Cronbach's alpha. Results from regression analysis showed that the most important predictor of work-family role conflict among working women was organizational commitment (t=-3.695, β=-0.456). The model test demonstrated that organizational justice (β=0.47, p < 0.001), possibility of role promotion (β=0.44, p < 0.001), job involvement (β=0.73, p<0.001), organizational commitment (β=0.68, p<0.001), feeling of role importance (β=0.13, p<0.001), superior social support (β=0.7, p<0.001), coworkers' social support (β=0.63, p<0.001) and job satisfaction (β=0.62, p<0.001) had a negative and significant relationship with work-family role conflict. The regression coefficient between organizational factors and work-family role conflict was -0.31, indicating that a one-unit increase in organizational factors decreased work-family role conflict of working women by 0.31 standard deviation units.
Role Conflict, Job Satisfaction, Social Support, Organizational Commitment, Job Conflict.
Introduction
In late 2019, the Covid-19 or coronavirus disease first emerged in China, and on March 11, 2020, it was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization (Jiminez et al., 2020: 61). This disease has affected the professional and personal lives of many individuals, including nurses who are often faced with work-family conflicts. In the past, it was believed that work and family operated independent of one another and should be studied separately. However, this view has been replaced with the recognition that work and family roles are interdependent, meaning that work environment factors can affect family life, and family issues can affect work life (Boyar, 2018: 216). The coronavirus crisis in Iran has made nurses frontline soldiers in the fight against the pandemic. The challenge of fighting this disease, coupled with family's expectations of the nurses' role, has caused turbulent and complex lives. Hence, this study aimed to examine the conflict between professional and family roles and the organizational factors affecting it among female nurses in Shahrjiroft.
Methodology
The current research is a descriptive study that uses a correlation method. The sociostatistical population of the study includes 100 female nurses in Jiroft city, with 83 working in public hospitals (Imam Khomeini and Kashani) and 17 in a private hospital (Qaim). Due to the small size of the population, the researcher used the census method to sample the entire population, resulting in a sample size of 100 people. To collect data and measure variables, two questionnaires were used: one for organizational factors affecting work-family role conflict and the other for measuring work-family conflict. The reliability of the work-family conflict questionnaire was 0.932, and for the organizational factors questionnaire effective in the conflict between work and family roles, it was 0.927.
Findings
The results of the study revealed that among the variables of organizational factors, job conflict had the highest average rating while the possibility of role promotion component had the lowest average rating. In terms of job and family role conflicts, time-based conflict had the highest average rating, while behavior-based conflict had the lowest average rating. The variance analysis of the regression model between organizational factors and work-family role conflict of female nurses indicated a significant linear relationship between organizational factors and work-family role conflicts, with all the variables included in the model explaining 15.5% of the variance. Organizational commitment was found to be the most important predictor of work-family role conflict among female nurses. The model test showed a negative and significant relationship between organizational factors and work-family role conflicts, with every one-unit increase in organizational factors leading to a 0.31 standard deviation decrease in work-family role conflicts among female nurses.
Result
The variable of organizational commitment was found to be the most significant predictor of work-family role conflict among female nurses in the present study, which is consistent with the findings of Mortazavi and Parhehi (2019). The study also revealed that improved organizational factors were negatively and significantly correlated with work-family role conflict in nursing women, indicating that enhancing organizational factors could reduce the level of work-family role conflict in nursing women. This finding is consistent with the findings of other studies, such as Saif et al. (2013), Salahian et al. (2018), and Kasper et al. (2018). It has been more than two years since the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic in Iran, and the current conditions have caused the medical staff, including nursing staff, to become exhausted and tired. Neglecting the demands of nurses can deprive them of their motivation and job satisfaction, leading to migration of nurses and ultimately worsening the shortage of nurses in the country. Based on the findings of this study and the presented model, it can be concluded that by improving organizational factors, the conflict between work-family roles among female nurses can be reduced.
Alzahra University, 2022
The purpose of the current study was to investigate the mediating role of perceived social suppor... more The purpose of the current study was to investigate the mediating role of perceived social support from teachers in relation to dark tried personality, and social comparison with bullying behaviour in females (average age: 16.82 and Sd: 1.04). The present research was descriptive-correlational and based on structural equation modelling. A total of 384 secondary school female students in Urmia were selected by multi-stage cluster random sampling method and responded to the Illinois Bully Scale, Narcissistic Personality Inventory, Machiavellianism personality scale, Self-Report Psychopathy Scale, Perceived Social Support scale, Iowa-Netherlands Comparison Orientation Measure questionnaires. SPSS and Smart PLS software were used in order to analyze the conceptual model, and test the research hypotheses, and statistical inferences. The results of structural equation modelling confirmed the mediating role of perceived social support from teachers in the effect of Machiavellianism on bullying. Besides, the results revealed that the perceived social support from teachers could not play a mediating role between narcissism and bullying; Psychopathy and bullying; and social comparison and bullying. Based on the findings, narcissism and Machiavellianism have a positive significant effect on bullying while Psychopathy has no effect on it. In addition, the social comparison has a positive significant effect on bullying, but social support has a
Alzahra University, 2023
The emergence of social networks has led to a change in the paradigm of social communication in a... more The emergence of social networks has led to a change in the paradigm of social communication in all aspects of human life. This study, while describing the influential space of these networks on women's economic life, seeks to examine the economic value of Instagram as an example of non-market goods within the framework of microeconomic concepts. Accordingly, the purpose of this study is to estimate the Willingness to accept (WTA) female users in Tehran to avoid using Instagram for one month using the One-and-one-half-bounded dichotomous choice (OOHB) method. Accordingly, the purpose of this study is to estimate the Willingness to accept (WTA) female users to avoid using Instagram for one month using the OOHB method. This study is classified in terms of fundamental purpose and terms the descriptive survey research method. The total volume of the sample was determined by the Michelle and Carson 384 formula and the 7-price range of the proposed questionnaire was specified by Cooper. The results of this study showed that the minimum Willingness to accept users not to use Instagram for a month was 415474 Tomans'; Approximately the monthly
Alzahra University, 2021
self-objectification is one of the women issues that has attracted a lot of attention in recent y... more self-objectification is one of the women issues that has attracted a lot of attention in recent years. In the present study, using the theory of McKinley and Hyde (1996) and a quantitative survey method, the relationship between the impact of cosmetics advertising and self-objectification in women aged 18 to 35 years in Tehran has been investigated. In order to collect data, a questionnaire consisting of Kwan, Ahmad and Ahmad (2019) questionnaire and McKinley and Hyde (1996) questionnaire was used to measure the effectiveness of cosmetics advertising and was used to self-objectification, respectively. The statistical sample was determined 270 people using "SPSS Sample Power" software and the convenience sampling method was used. To analyze the data, one-sample t-test, simple regression coefficient and also Hayes Process model (to measure the effect of moderator variables) were used. The results of data analysis show that the effect of cosmetics advertising variable is considered as a suitable or moderate level predictor variable for the self-objectification variable and its two components of body surveillance and body shame. The coefficient of correlation was determined at 0.50, 0.54 and
Alzahra University, 2021
Systematic review of related studies indicates that various factors affect the explanation of sel... more Systematic review of related studies indicates that various factors affect the explanation of self-injury individuals and self-injury behaviors have become common. So, it is important to investigate the constructs related to self-injury behaviors. Therefore, this study aimed to model a structural equation to explain non-suicidal self-injury behaviors based on moral perfectionism and traumatic experiences with the mediating role of psychological hardiness and attachment style. The design of the present study was applied and correlational research by structural equation modelling. Among undergraduate and graduate students of Tehran universities, 529 people (411 girls and 118 boys) were selected by convenience sampling method. They all completed questionnaires on selfharm, moral perfectionism, traumatic experiences, attachment style, and psychological hardiness. Pearson correlation and structural equation modelling
Alzahra University, 2021
This study aimed to investigate social and cultural factors affecting students' attitudes toward ... more This study aimed to investigate social and cultural factors affecting students' attitudes toward violence against women. This study was conducted using a survey method among 400 male students of public universities in Mazandaran province who were selected based on stratified probabilistic sampling method and using theories of Liberal Feminism and Social Learning. The results revealed that the majority of participants (72/5%) had a negative, more than 26% of them had a medium, and more than 1% of them had a positive attitude toward violence against women. Also, the results of multiple regression analysis show that the independent variables of perceived norm qualities of significant others, traditional attitudes towards women, perceived reaction qualities of significant others, perceived rewards, and traditional marital role expectations, respectively have the greatest impact on the dependent variable. In general, the results confirm the propositions of the theories of liberal feminism and social learning and they show that the issue of violence against women and the attitudes toward it, is not inevitable, rather it is created under
Alzahra University, 2021
The association between depression symptoms and psychological well-being has received both theore... more The association between depression symptoms and psychological well-being has received both theoretical and empirical support, however, less is known about the moderating mechanisms in this relationship. The current study aimed to explore the moderating role of self-compassion in the relationship between depressive symptoms and psychological well-being. The research method was descriptivecorrelational. The statistical population was widowed women who referred to the East Tehran Welfare Organization in 2019, and a total of 130 women were selected via a simple accidental sampling method. Psychological Well-being Scale (PWS), Self-Compassion Scale (SCS), and Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) were used to collect the data. Collected data were analyzed using hierarchical linear regression. Results showed that the relationship between depressive symptoms and psychological well-being (r=-0.54, p<0.001) was significantly negative. Also, results of hierarchical regression confirmed the moderating role of self-compassion in the relationship between depressive symptoms and psychological well-being (β=-0.23, p<0.01). The present study highlights the moderating role of selfcompassion as an underlying mechanism between depression symptoms and psychological well-being. Therefore, increasing self-compassion in widowed women could be a good way to protect them in the face of adversity and suffering in life.
Alzahra University, 2021
Superstition and superstitious beliefs are among the important concerns today to the extent that ... more Superstition and superstitious beliefs are among the important concerns today to the extent that they could be considered social and cultural issues as they can influence human social life. This study examined the socio-cultural factors influencing the tendency towards superstition among women living in the slums of Yazd, Iran. The study was designed as survey research and the data was collected using a questionnaire with cluster sampling among 246 women living in the slums of Yazd. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed through content validity and Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used to assess the reliability. The findings of the study indicated that the variables of marital and employment status and social security had no significant relation with the tendency of participants towards superstition. However, the variables including age, socioeconomic status, modernism, alienation, life satisfaction, social learning, social exclusion, and the use of mass media had a significant relation with the tendency towards superstition. The results of multiple regression analysis confirmed the significant relation of four variables of life satisfaction, social learning, modernism, and the use of mass media among which mass media had the strongest role in explaining the variable of the tendency towards superstition.
Superstition and superstitious beliefs are among the important concerns today to the extent that ... more Superstition and superstitious beliefs are among the important concerns today to the extent that they could be considered social and cultural issues as they can influence human social life. This study examined the socio-cultural factors influencing the tendency towards superstition among women living in the slums of Yazd, Iran. The study was designed as survey research and the data was collected using a questionnaire with cluster sampling among 246 women living in the slums of Yazd. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed through content validity and Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used to assess the reliability. The findings of the study indicated that the variables of marital and employment status and social security had no significant relation with the tendency of participants towards superstition. However, the variables including age, socioeconomic status, modernism, alienation, life satisfaction, social learning, social exclusion, and the use of mass media had a significant relation with the tendency towards superstition. The results of multiple regression analysis confirmed the significant relation of four variables of life satisfaction, social learning, modernism, and the use of mass media among which mass media had the strongest role in explaining the variable of the tendency towards superstition.
Alzahra University, 2021
The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between social support and social resil... more The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between social support and social resilience of women affected by floods in Delgan. The statistical population of the study was all urban and rural women over 15 years old affected by the flood of 2020 in Delgan city, whose number was estimated at 34,280 people. The statistical sample of the research was 256 women and the sampling was done by simple random sampling. Data collection tools included a Perceived Social Support Questionnaire and the Connor and Davidson Resilience Scale. Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficient and path analysis method in AMOS software. The results showed that there was a direct relationship between family support and resilience. There was also an inverse relationship between friends support with resilience (Positive acceptance of change and safe relationships and Spiritual Influences) and
Gender differences in work-family guilt in parents of young children. Sex Roles, 76(5-6), 356-368... more Gender differences in work-family guilt in parents of young children. Sex Roles, 76(5-6), 356-368. Constantin, A., & Voicu, M. (2015). Attitudes towards gender roles in cross-cultural surveys: Content validity and cross-cultural measurement invariance. Social Indicators Research, 123(3), 733-751. Constantin, V. A. (2015). Attitudes towards gender roles. Institutions, culture or/and individual factors shaping the attitudes towards gender roles? (Doctoral dissertation, Universität zu Köln).
Alzahra University , 2020
The Moderating Role of Religious Beliefs in The Relationship Between Attachment Styles and Attitu... more The Moderating Role of Religious Beliefs in The Relationship Between Attachment Styles and Attitude Towards Infidelity in Married Women
نویسندگان [English]
Shahriar Vejdani 1 Maryam Karami 2 Sedighe Ahmadi 3
1 Master of General Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Islamic Azad University, South Tehran Branch. Iran
2 Master of Family Counseling, Counseling and Guidance Department, faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran.
3 Assistant Professor of group counseling . faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, kharazmi university, tehran, iran
چکیده [English]
The purpose of this study was to investigate the moderating role of religious beliefs in the relationship between attachment styles and the attitude towards infidelity in married women. In this descriptive-correlational research, 152 married women were selected from Tehran’s district 3 community centers using the convenience sampling method. Data were collected using the attachment style scale (Collins and Reid, 1990), Attitude towards infidelity scale (Whatley, 2008), and participating in religious beliefs scale (Golzary, 1379). The results showed that there is a negative significant relationship between secure attachment style and attitude towards infidelity among married women, and religious beliefs moderates this relationship more negatively. There is also a positive and significant relationship between avoidant attachment style and attitude towards infidelity among married women. This direct relationship is not significant when the variable of religious beliefs act as a moderator. In conclusion, religious values act as a moderator between the types of attachment and the attitude of married women towards infidelity.
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Papers by women social and psychological studies women social and psychological studies
The present study aimed to investigate the organizational factors influencing the conflict between professional and family roles among female nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic. A survey method was used, and the study population included 100 women nurses from both public and private hospitals in Jiroft city, selected through the census method. The standard questionnaire used to collect data on organizational factors and work-family role conflicts was validated through face validity, and reliability was assessed through Cronbach's alpha. Results from regression analysis showed that the most important predictor of work-family role conflict among working women was organizational commitment (t=-3.695, β=-0.456). The model test demonstrated that organizational justice (β=0.47, p < 0.001), possibility of role promotion (β=0.44, p < 0.001), job involvement (β=0.73, p<0.001), organizational commitment (β=0.68, p<0.001), feeling of role importance (β=0.13, p<0.001), superior social support (β=0.7, p<0.001), coworkers' social support (β=0.63, p<0.001) and job satisfaction (β=0.62, p<0.001) had a negative and significant relationship with work-family role conflict. The regression coefficient between organizational factors and work-family role conflict was -0.31, indicating that a one-unit increase in organizational factors decreased work-family role conflict of working women by 0.31 standard deviation units.
Role Conflict, Job Satisfaction, Social Support, Organizational Commitment, Job Conflict.
Introduction
In late 2019, the Covid-19 or coronavirus disease first emerged in China, and on March 11, 2020, it was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization (Jiminez et al., 2020: 61). This disease has affected the professional and personal lives of many individuals, including nurses who are often faced with work-family conflicts. In the past, it was believed that work and family operated independent of one another and should be studied separately. However, this view has been replaced with the recognition that work and family roles are interdependent, meaning that work environment factors can affect family life, and family issues can affect work life (Boyar, 2018: 216). The coronavirus crisis in Iran has made nurses frontline soldiers in the fight against the pandemic. The challenge of fighting this disease, coupled with family's expectations of the nurses' role, has caused turbulent and complex lives. Hence, this study aimed to examine the conflict between professional and family roles and the organizational factors affecting it among female nurses in Shahrjiroft.
Methodology
The current research is a descriptive study that uses a correlation method. The sociostatistical population of the study includes 100 female nurses in Jiroft city, with 83 working in public hospitals (Imam Khomeini and Kashani) and 17 in a private hospital (Qaim). Due to the small size of the population, the researcher used the census method to sample the entire population, resulting in a sample size of 100 people. To collect data and measure variables, two questionnaires were used: one for organizational factors affecting work-family role conflict and the other for measuring work-family conflict. The reliability of the work-family conflict questionnaire was 0.932, and for the organizational factors questionnaire effective in the conflict between work and family roles, it was 0.927.
Findings
The results of the study revealed that among the variables of organizational factors, job conflict had the highest average rating while the possibility of role promotion component had the lowest average rating. In terms of job and family role conflicts, time-based conflict had the highest average rating, while behavior-based conflict had the lowest average rating. The variance analysis of the regression model between organizational factors and work-family role conflict of female nurses indicated a significant linear relationship between organizational factors and work-family role conflicts, with all the variables included in the model explaining 15.5% of the variance. Organizational commitment was found to be the most important predictor of work-family role conflict among female nurses. The model test showed a negative and significant relationship between organizational factors and work-family role conflicts, with every one-unit increase in organizational factors leading to a 0.31 standard deviation decrease in work-family role conflicts among female nurses.
Result
The variable of organizational commitment was found to be the most significant predictor of work-family role conflict among female nurses in the present study, which is consistent with the findings of Mortazavi and Parhehi (2019). The study also revealed that improved organizational factors were negatively and significantly correlated with work-family role conflict in nursing women, indicating that enhancing organizational factors could reduce the level of work-family role conflict in nursing women. This finding is consistent with the findings of other studies, such as Saif et al. (2013), Salahian et al. (2018), and Kasper et al. (2018). It has been more than two years since the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic in Iran, and the current conditions have caused the medical staff, including nursing staff, to become exhausted and tired. Neglecting the demands of nurses can deprive them of their motivation and job satisfaction, leading to migration of nurses and ultimately worsening the shortage of nurses in the country. Based on the findings of this study and the presented model, it can be concluded that by improving organizational factors, the conflict between work-family roles among female nurses can be reduced.
نویسندگان [English]
Shahriar Vejdani 1 Maryam Karami 2 Sedighe Ahmadi 3
1 Master of General Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Islamic Azad University, South Tehran Branch. Iran
2 Master of Family Counseling, Counseling and Guidance Department, faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran.
3 Assistant Professor of group counseling . faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, kharazmi university, tehran, iran
چکیده [English]
The purpose of this study was to investigate the moderating role of religious beliefs in the relationship between attachment styles and the attitude towards infidelity in married women. In this descriptive-correlational research, 152 married women were selected from Tehran’s district 3 community centers using the convenience sampling method. Data were collected using the attachment style scale (Collins and Reid, 1990), Attitude towards infidelity scale (Whatley, 2008), and participating in religious beliefs scale (Golzary, 1379). The results showed that there is a negative significant relationship between secure attachment style and attitude towards infidelity among married women, and religious beliefs moderates this relationship more negatively. There is also a positive and significant relationship between avoidant attachment style and attitude towards infidelity among married women. This direct relationship is not significant when the variable of religious beliefs act as a moderator. In conclusion, religious values act as a moderator between the types of attachment and the attitude of married women towards infidelity.
The present study aimed to investigate the organizational factors influencing the conflict between professional and family roles among female nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic. A survey method was used, and the study population included 100 women nurses from both public and private hospitals in Jiroft city, selected through the census method. The standard questionnaire used to collect data on organizational factors and work-family role conflicts was validated through face validity, and reliability was assessed through Cronbach's alpha. Results from regression analysis showed that the most important predictor of work-family role conflict among working women was organizational commitment (t=-3.695, β=-0.456). The model test demonstrated that organizational justice (β=0.47, p < 0.001), possibility of role promotion (β=0.44, p < 0.001), job involvement (β=0.73, p<0.001), organizational commitment (β=0.68, p<0.001), feeling of role importance (β=0.13, p<0.001), superior social support (β=0.7, p<0.001), coworkers' social support (β=0.63, p<0.001) and job satisfaction (β=0.62, p<0.001) had a negative and significant relationship with work-family role conflict. The regression coefficient between organizational factors and work-family role conflict was -0.31, indicating that a one-unit increase in organizational factors decreased work-family role conflict of working women by 0.31 standard deviation units.
Role Conflict, Job Satisfaction, Social Support, Organizational Commitment, Job Conflict.
Introduction
In late 2019, the Covid-19 or coronavirus disease first emerged in China, and on March 11, 2020, it was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization (Jiminez et al., 2020: 61). This disease has affected the professional and personal lives of many individuals, including nurses who are often faced with work-family conflicts. In the past, it was believed that work and family operated independent of one another and should be studied separately. However, this view has been replaced with the recognition that work and family roles are interdependent, meaning that work environment factors can affect family life, and family issues can affect work life (Boyar, 2018: 216). The coronavirus crisis in Iran has made nurses frontline soldiers in the fight against the pandemic. The challenge of fighting this disease, coupled with family's expectations of the nurses' role, has caused turbulent and complex lives. Hence, this study aimed to examine the conflict between professional and family roles and the organizational factors affecting it among female nurses in Shahrjiroft.
Methodology
The current research is a descriptive study that uses a correlation method. The sociostatistical population of the study includes 100 female nurses in Jiroft city, with 83 working in public hospitals (Imam Khomeini and Kashani) and 17 in a private hospital (Qaim). Due to the small size of the population, the researcher used the census method to sample the entire population, resulting in a sample size of 100 people. To collect data and measure variables, two questionnaires were used: one for organizational factors affecting work-family role conflict and the other for measuring work-family conflict. The reliability of the work-family conflict questionnaire was 0.932, and for the organizational factors questionnaire effective in the conflict between work and family roles, it was 0.927.
Findings
The results of the study revealed that among the variables of organizational factors, job conflict had the highest average rating while the possibility of role promotion component had the lowest average rating. In terms of job and family role conflicts, time-based conflict had the highest average rating, while behavior-based conflict had the lowest average rating. The variance analysis of the regression model between organizational factors and work-family role conflict of female nurses indicated a significant linear relationship between organizational factors and work-family role conflicts, with all the variables included in the model explaining 15.5% of the variance. Organizational commitment was found to be the most important predictor of work-family role conflict among female nurses. The model test showed a negative and significant relationship between organizational factors and work-family role conflicts, with every one-unit increase in organizational factors leading to a 0.31 standard deviation decrease in work-family role conflicts among female nurses.
Result
The variable of organizational commitment was found to be the most significant predictor of work-family role conflict among female nurses in the present study, which is consistent with the findings of Mortazavi and Parhehi (2019). The study also revealed that improved organizational factors were negatively and significantly correlated with work-family role conflict in nursing women, indicating that enhancing organizational factors could reduce the level of work-family role conflict in nursing women. This finding is consistent with the findings of other studies, such as Saif et al. (2013), Salahian et al. (2018), and Kasper et al. (2018). It has been more than two years since the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic in Iran, and the current conditions have caused the medical staff, including nursing staff, to become exhausted and tired. Neglecting the demands of nurses can deprive them of their motivation and job satisfaction, leading to migration of nurses and ultimately worsening the shortage of nurses in the country. Based on the findings of this study and the presented model, it can be concluded that by improving organizational factors, the conflict between work-family roles among female nurses can be reduced.
نویسندگان [English]
Shahriar Vejdani 1 Maryam Karami 2 Sedighe Ahmadi 3
1 Master of General Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Islamic Azad University, South Tehran Branch. Iran
2 Master of Family Counseling, Counseling and Guidance Department, faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran.
3 Assistant Professor of group counseling . faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, kharazmi university, tehran, iran
چکیده [English]
The purpose of this study was to investigate the moderating role of religious beliefs in the relationship between attachment styles and the attitude towards infidelity in married women. In this descriptive-correlational research, 152 married women were selected from Tehran’s district 3 community centers using the convenience sampling method. Data were collected using the attachment style scale (Collins and Reid, 1990), Attitude towards infidelity scale (Whatley, 2008), and participating in religious beliefs scale (Golzary, 1379). The results showed that there is a negative significant relationship between secure attachment style and attitude towards infidelity among married women, and religious beliefs moderates this relationship more negatively. There is also a positive and significant relationship between avoidant attachment style and attitude towards infidelity among married women. This direct relationship is not significant when the variable of religious beliefs act as a moderator. In conclusion, religious values act as a moderator between the types of attachment and the attitude of married women towards infidelity.