Science Class 10 Chapter 19 - Reduce
Science Class 10 Chapter 19 - Reduce
Science Class 10 Chapter 19 - Reduce
Vishay Academy 1
Hkkjr ds tSo fofo/krk rIr LFky &
¼1½ iwohZ fgeky; tSo ¼2½ if'peh ?kkV tSo ¼3½ baMks&oekZ tSo
fofo rIr LFky fofo/krk rIr LFky fofo/krk rIr LFky
foLrkj {ks= vle] v:.kkpy izn's k] dsjy eysf'k;k] E;kaekj] Hkkjr]
flfDde] if'pe caxky phu] dEcksfM;k]
¼vl v: fli½ fo;ruke] FkkbyS.M]
¼eE;ka Hkkph dfoFkk½
{ks=Qy 7]50]000 oxZfdeh 1]60]000 oxZfdeh 23]73]000 fdeh {ks=
fgeky;h ygj] lqugjk
ik;s tkus okys eq[; yaxqj] gqyksd fxCcu] ,f'k;kbZ gkFkh] eSdkd &+
tho mMu fxygjh fge cUnj uhyfxjh rgj
rsna qvk] xkax;s MkfYQu]
rkfdu
LFkkuc) iztkfr;kW & ,slh iztkfr;kW tks ,d {ks= fo'ks"k eas ikbZ tkrh gS LFkkuc) iztkfr;kW dgykrh
gSA mnkgj.k ysejw ¼esMkxkLdj }hi½ Trick ¼ys esMk½
esVklhdks;k ikni ¼phu dh ?kkVh½ Trick ¼esVk ph ?kk½
uhyfxfj Fkkj o eSdkd cUnj ¼Hkkjr dk if'peh ?kkV½ Trick ¼uhy eS i ?kk½
Hkkjr ls jk"Vªh; tyh; tho %& xkax; s MkWfYQu ¼2009 esa ?kksf"kr½
tSo fofo/krk dk egRo %&
¼1½ vkfFkZd egRo %& tSo fofo/krk gesa Hkkstu] bZ/a ku] pkjk bZekjrh ydM+h] vkS|ksfxd dPpk eky
miyC/k djkrh gSA
& tSo fofo/krk dk mi;ksx d`f"k iSnkokj c<+kus ds lkFk&lkFk jksxjks/kh rFkk dhVjks/kh Qlyks dh
fdLeks ds fodkl es fd;k tk jgk gSA
tsVªksik o dajt ¼ck;ksMhty o`{k½ ikS/kks ds chtks ls tSo bZ/a ku ¼ck;ksMhty½ cuk;k tkrk gSA
¼2½ vkS"k/kh; egRo %& dbZ vlk/; chekfj;ksa dh tMh&cwfV;kW tSo fofo/krk ls izkIr dh xbZ gSA
dz0la0 jksx iz;qDr ikni
1 eysfj;k fludksuk inki dh Nky
2 dal
s j VsDll cdkVk o`{k dh Nky
3 jDr daSlj foufØLVhu rFkk fouCykfLVu
ikni
4 mPp jDrpki liZxa/kk
rqylh] czkg~eh] v'oxa/kk] 'krkokjk] fxyks; esa ,M~ljks/kh xq.k ik, tkrs gSA
¼3½ i;kZoj.kh; egRo %&
¼1½ [kk| J`a[kyk dk laj{k.k %& tSo fofo/krk le`) gksus ij [kk|&J`a[kyk,s lajf{kr jgrh
gSA
¼2½ iks"kd pØ fu;a=.k& tSo fofo/krk iks"kd pdz xfreku j[kus es lgk;d gksrh gSA
¼3½ i;kZoj.k iznw"k.k dk fuLrkj.k & tSo fofo/krk i;kZoj.k iznw"k.k ds fuLrkj.k esa
egRoiw.kZ Hkwfedk fuHkkrh gSA
dz0la0 tho i;kZoj.k iznw"k.k fuLrkj.k esa Hkwfedk
1 lnkcgkj ikS/kk VªkbukbVªksVkWybq Zu foLQksVd dk fo?kVu
2 L;wMkseksukl I;wfjMk] vkFkzks cSDVj vks|ksfxd vif'k"V ls Hkkjh /kkrq dks gVkuk
lkbVªkscSDVj] lw{etho
3 jkbtksil vksjkbthl dod ;wjsfu;e o Fksfj;e dks gVkus dh {kerk
4 isfulhy;e Økblksthue jsfM;e dks gVkus dh {kerk
Vishay Academy 2
¼4½ lkekftd] lkaLd`frd o vk/;fRed egRo
dqN vkfnokl lekt vkt Hkh ihiy]cjxn]vke rqylh] vkaoyk] dsyk rFkk xk;]
iw.kZ :i ls izd`fr ij fuHkZj gSA eksj] gal] pwgk gkFkh vkfn dh iwtk dh tkrh gSA
ftlls budk laj{k.k gksrk gSA
vUrjkZ"Vªh; tSo fofo/krk o"kZ %& la;qDr jk"Vª la?k }kjk o"kZ 2010 dks euk;k x;kA
& tSo fofo/krk ij ladV %& ekuo ds fØ;kdykiks o izkd`frd lalk/kuks ds va/kk/kqa/k fonksgu ls
tSo fofo/krk rsth ls de gks jgh gSA
tSo fofo/krk ladV ds dkj.k %&
¼1½ izkd`frd vkoklks dk u"V gksuk %& ekuo usa c<+rh tula[;k dh vko';drkvks dh iwfrZ ds
fy, tho&tUrqvks ds izkd`frd vkoklks dks u"V dj vkcknh o d`f"k Hkwfe dk foLrkj fd;k tkrk gS
ftlls tSo fofo/krk ladV esa vk xbZ gSA
¼2½ izkd`frd vkokl fo[k.Mu %& oU; izkf.k;ks ds izkd`frd vkokl lMd ekxZ] jsyekxZ] xSl ikbi
ykbZu] ugj] fo/kqr ykbZu cka/k] [ksy vkfn ds fuekZ.k ls fo[kf.Mr gks x, gS ftlls oU; thoks
ds thou ij ladV vk tkrk gSA tSls %& nq/kok jk"Vªh; m|ku ls xqtjus okyh jsyos ykbZu ij
izfro"kZ yxHkx vk/kk ntZu ck?k o vU; tho nq?kZVuk dk f'kdkj gksrs gSA
¼3½ tyok;q ifjorZu %& ekuo xfrfofo/k;ksa ls xzhu gkml xSlks dh ek=k dkQh c< xbZ gSA
ftlls i`Foh dk rkieku c< jgk gS o /kqzoks dh cQZ fi?kyus ls leqnz dk ty Lrj c<+ jgk gS
o leqnzh tSo fofo/krk ij foifjr izHkko iM+ jgk gSA rFkk miyC/k Hkwfe esa deh gksus ls LFkyh;
tSo fofo/krk Hkh de gks jgh gSA
¼4½ i;kZoj.k iznw"k.k %& ty iznw"k.k] e`nk iznw"k.k o ok;q iznw"k.k ls vusd tho&tUrq] ouLifr;kW o
lw{etho u"V gks tkrs gSA
¼5½ izkd`frd lalk/kuks dk vfu;af=r fonksgu & ekuo us O;olkf;d ykHk ds fy, isM ikS/kks ,oa
tho tUrqvks dk vR;f/kd o vfu;af=r nskgu fd;k gS ftl dkj.k dbZ iztkfr;ksa dk vfLrRo [krjs
esa iM+ x;k gSA
¼6½ d`f"k o okfudh esa O;olkf;d izo`fRr %& vf/kd mRiknu izkIr djus ds ykyp esa fdlku
mUur chth dqN iztkfr;ks dks gh mxkrk gS rFkk eos'kh dh ladj uLyks dks gh j[krk gS ftlls
vkuqokaf'kd tSo fofo/krk rsth ls u"V gks jgh gSA
izkd`frd ouks dks u"V dj ,d gh iztkfr ds ou mxkus ls tSo fofo/krk esa deh vk jgh gSA
¼7½ fons'kh iztkfr;ks dk vkdze.k %& fons'kh iztkfr;ks ¼ysUVkuk o tydqEHkh½ ds vkus ls LFkkuh;
iztkfr;ks dk vfLrRo [krjs esa iM tkrk gSA
& ysUVkuk vkl ikl nwljs ikS/kks dks mxus ugha nsrk vkSj u gh bls tkuoj [kkrs gSA
& tydqEHkh dk vfu;af=r QSyko lw;Z dh jks'kuh dks jksd ysrh gSA ftlls tyh; ikS/ks u"V gksus
yxrs gS rFkk tyh; tho vkWDlhtu ugha feyus ls ejus yxrs gSA
& xktj?kkl fo'o ds lcls [krjukd [kjirokjks esa ls ,d gSA
¼8½ va/kfo'okl o vKkurk %& va/k fo'okl o vKkurk ds dkj.k Hkh thoks dh tkfr fo'ks"k ij
ladV c<+ tkrk gSA
tSls %& tho ladV dk dkj.k
xkxjksuh rksrk cksyus okys rksrs dh Hkzked vo/kkj.kk
xksMko.k ;ksuo)Zd dh Hkzked vo/kkj.kk ds dkj.k f'kdkj
xks;jk tgjhyh lkal dh Hkzked vo/kkj.kk ds dkj.k f'kdkj
tSo fofo/krk dk laj{k.k %& tho e.My rFkk ikfjfLFkfrd ra=ks ds larqyu ds fy, tSo fofo/krk dk
cus jguk vko';d gS fdUrq ;g dbZ dkj.kks ls u"V gks jgh gSA tSo fofo/krk laj{k.k ds fy, fuEu
iz;kl %&
¼1½ vUrjkZ"Vªh; iz;kl %& la;qDr jk"Vª la?k }kjk 1968 esa fo'o izkd`frd laj{k.k la"k ¼ IUCN½ dk
xBuA
Vishay Academy 3
& IUCN }kjk 1972 esa *jsM MkVk cqd* dk izdk'ku fd;k x;kA
& *jsM MkVk cqd* es lHkh ladVkiUu tkfr;ks dk fjdkMZ j[kk tkrk gSA
& IUCN us tho iztkfr;ks dks laj{k.k dh n`f"V ls 5 oxksZ esa ckaVk gSA
¼A½ foyqIr iztkfr;kW ¼B½ ladV xzLr ¼C½ vfr ¼D½ nqyZHk iztkfr;kW ¼E½ vi;kZIr :i ls
iztkfr;kW laosnu'khy Kkr iztkfr;k
iztkfr;kW
& os tkfr;kW tks vc tks foyqIr gksus ds ftudh la[;k rsth tks lhfer ftuds ckjs esa
vc fo'o es dgh Hkh dxkj ij gS rFkk ls de gks jgh gS Hkksxksfyd {ks= esa i;kZIr tkudkjh
thfor voLFkk esa laj{k.k ugha fd;k rFkk ladVxzLr jg xbZ gSA ugha gksus ls mUgs
ugha feyrh x;k rks 'kh?kz Js.kh esa vkus dh mDr fdlh Hkh oxZ
foyqIr gks tk,xh vk'kadk gSA esa ugha j[kk tk
mnkgj.k & MksMksi{kh ldrkA
Mk;uklksj] jk;fu;k tSls & phrk] ck?k] tSls & ;kd] tSls & yky
ikni c?ksjk] liZxa/kk] uhyfxjh yaxwj] HksfM;k] gsuku
Tricks & MksMks us xS.Mk yky ikaMk] dskcjk] fxCcu] Kkoku xSaMk
Mk;u ls jk; yh CySd cax
& IUCN us 1973 eas ,d duos'a ku CITES (Convention on Internationsl Trade in Endangered Species½
vk;ksftr dh ftlesa fofHkUu ns'kks us ladV xzLr iztkfr;ks ds vUrjkZ"Vªh; O;kikj ij fu;a=.k ykxus
ij lgefr nhA
& tSo fofo/krk laf/k ¼CBD- Convention on Biodiversity½ & o"kZ 1992esa czkthy ds fj;ks&fM&ftusfj;ks
esa i`Foh lEesyu es vfLrRo esa vk;hA
& 193 ns'kks us Lohdkjk rFkk tSo fofo/krk laj{k.k gsrq izfrc)rk O;Dr dhA
¼2½ jk"Vªh; iz;kl & Hkkjr dsUnz ljdkj }kjk tSo fofo/krk ,DV 2002 cuk;k x;kA
& bl ,DV esa f=Lrjh; laxBu & jk"Vªh; Lrj ij & jk"Vªh; tSo fofo/krk izkf/kdj.k ¼NBA½
jkT; Lrj ij & jkT; tSo fofo/krk cksMZ
LFkkuh; Lrj ij & tSo fofo/krk izc/a k lfefr;kW
jk"Vªh; gfjr vf/kdj.k ¼NGT½ & xBu & 2 twu 2010 eq[;ky; & Hkksiky
tSo fofo/krk laj{k.k ds izdkj & 2 izdkj
dz-la- ¼1½ Lo% LFkkus laj{k.k ¼2½ cfgLFkkus laj{k.k
1 og laj{k.k tks izkd`frd vkokl esa gh ekuo og laj{k.k ftlesa ladV xzLr ikni o
}kjk iznRr vuqj{k.k ls fd;k tkrk gSA tUrq iztkfr;ks dks d`f=e vkokl esa laj{k.k
iznku fd;k tkrk gSA
2 tSls & thoe.My fjtoZ] jk"Vªh; m|ku] tSls & ikniks gsrq okuLifrd m|ku] cht
vHk;kj.;] laj{k.k fjtoZ esa cSad Ård lao/kZu iz;ksx'kkyk
tUrqvks gsrq fpfM;k?kj] ,Dosfj;e
xzhu gkml xSlska dh fVªDl%& vks ehuk dy dkty yxk,xh
vks&vkWtksu] eh&feFkSUk] uk&ukbVªl vkWDlkbM] dy&Dyksjks¶yksjksdkcZu] ty&tyok"i
Vishay Academy 4