116-10th Science - Sura Guide - English Medium PDF Download

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PaPdad PaPdad PaPdad Padad ∴ a1PaPa=d –
48
= –P16aPdaams
da –2 PaPdad
a a a
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Ans. (i) The turning effect of a body depends uponP 3
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et et e t t e et t e et t So
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8124201000
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➠ PaPdad
et et
139. The turning
et t
effect of applied
et t
force is _______when
et t
the distance
et t
between ethe
t t fixed edge and the point of
et t et et
e e e e e e
lsaai.lN
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140. The axis of a fixed edge about which the door is rotated is called ________. Ans. axis of rotation
141. When tthe net force acting on a body is not equal to zero than its ________t changes. Ans. velocity
.lN e.Nt et .lN e.Net .lN e.Nt et .lN e.Nt et .lN e.Nt et .lN e.Net .lN e.Nt et et et
a l
s
aa
i a i 142. Th

s a l
s
ae
a
i force
a i which produces
s a l
s
aa
i a i centripetal
s a l
s
aa
i acceleration
a i is
s acalled
l
s
aa
i a i ________.
s a l
s
aa
i a i Ans.
s als
acentripetal
a
i a i force
s a lsaai.lN
ai.N
a a a adaada adaada a a adaada a a a a a
m
The amountPofPforce requiredPtoP produce an acceleration of 1 mPsP–2 in a body of mass

143. 1 kg called ______.
Ans. unit force
lsaai.lN
ai.N 144. sFalyingai.Nmotion ofsbirds
lai.N ai.in
lsaai.lN N the air is an
lsaai.lexample
N
ai.N of Newton's ai.N _______saLaw
lsaai.lN aiof
lai.N ai.N Ans. third
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ai.N
a
a d adasal dada
a dadsa
a d adsa
a d adasal d adsasa d adsa
a a
a a a a a a a PaPda
o
P Pa The apparentP weight
145. Pa P Pamoving upward
of a person a
P Pin Pa
a lift will beP_______. P Pa Pa
Ans.Pgreater
146. The apparent weight of a person moving in a lift will be equal to the actual weight, when the lift is at
lsaai.lN ________.
lsaai.lN lsaai.lN lsaai.lN lsaai.lN lsaai.lN lsaai.lN Ans. rest lsaai.lN
.c
a a a dada aPdaada or bring toPrestaPdaador
a da a a a aPdaapull
da a
PaPdadA body needs
147. PaP
a a________ to Pmove, Pad
change itsPavelocity. PaPdad Ans. pushPor PaPda
148. In vacuum, two objects with a mass 1 kg and 2 kg are dropped from same height and they reach the
lsaai.lN
ai.N ground ai.N at ________.
lsaai.lN lsaai.lN
ai.N lsaai.lN
ai.N lsaai.lN
ai.N lsaai.lN
ai.N lsaai.lNi.Ne same time
aAns. lsaai.lN
ai.N
ks
a s
a aa a s a a s a a s a s
a aa s
a aa s a
a adatries to stopPaaPdmoving
ada daada a
PaPdad_______ stops
149. PaPdor body.PaPdada PaPdad PaPdad PaP
Ans. Force PaPda
150. Parallel forces are acting in the ________. Ans. same direction
et et t et t et t et t et t et
Parallel et et et et
151. _a______ forces are act along opposite directions. ai.N or unequal
e e e e e Ans.
lsaai.lN
ai.N . N
lsaai lai.N . N
lsaai lai.N . N
lsaai lai. N . N
lsaai lai. N . N
lsaai lai. N lsaai.lN lsaai.lN
ai.N
PHYSICS
a s
a a a s a s
ada a s a s a s a s a
a
PaPdadIf the resultant ada is not equal
PaPdforce PaPdato da a ada
PaPdaof
a
ada______. PaPdada
PaPdto
a a
PaPda
152. zero, then P itacauses
Pad the motion the body due

oo Ans. unbalanced force
lsaai.lN
et et
ai.N
153. Force lsaai.lN
eon
t
ai.N
e a weight balance
t
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e e is an example
t
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t
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efor
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t
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t t
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t
e e
ai.N
t Ans.
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et et
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et et
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a a a a a a a aPdaaexample a a aPdaada a
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a 154. ada da
PaPdad PaPdad PaPdad PaPda
155. _________ law always act on two different bodies only. Ans. Newton's Third
ab
e e 156. Thei.Nalgebraic
t t t
e e t sumlaof emomentum
t e t after e collision
t e t is lnumerically
t
e e t equal toe algebraic
t e t sum of
et emomentum
t et et
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ai.N s a lsaalai.N s a a
i.lN
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ai.N s a lsaai.lN
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ai.N s a lsaai.lN
ai.N
PaPdadbefore the collision PaPdad in the absence PaPdadof ________. PaPdad Ans. external PaPdforce
a a a a a s a a a a s a a a a a a
PaPdad PaPdad ada PaPda
157. Every particle of matter in this universe _______every other particles with a force. Ans. attracts
e e 158. Thei.N
t t value
e e of 'g' _______
t t e eat all points on
t t ethe
t e surface of iEarth.
t t
e e t t
e e t t et not samei.Nie.Nt et
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ai.N a lsaa.lNai.N a lsaai.lN
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ai.N la la
s s s s s s asa asa
ur
a
PaPdadThe radius ofPaEarth
159. a a
Pad is ______P.aPad
da a da a a a
PaPdad PaPdad
a a a a
PaPdad Ans. 6378
PaPdadkm
a
PaPda
160. The mass of Earth is ______. Ans. 5.972 ×1024 kg
et et Net et Net et Net et eNt et et et et et et et
lsaai.lN
ai.N Satate lsaai.lwhether
ai.N lsaai.laifollowing
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lsaai.lN free fallsaunder ai.N gravity,sa
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i.lN lsaai.lN
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a
a d adsa
a d adsthe
a
a d adsa
a s
a aa a a a
a a a a a a
PaPdad PaPdad
be weightless. PaPdad PaPdad PaPda
.
P Pa a
P Pa a
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statements are true or false

Correctt the statement if it is false Ans. True.
et et e et t
e et t e et eNt et et et et et et et
a lsaai.lN
ai.N s a lsaai.lN
ai.N s a lsaai.lN
ai.N s alsaai.lN
ai.N s4.
a lsaai.lN
ai.The relation
s a i.lN
lsabelow
a ai.N absolutesa a
i.lN
lsaunits
ai.N of forceson
a lsaai.lN
ai.N
a a a a da a both a a a a a a da a a
PaPdadIn the recoiling PaPdad of a gun on
Pafiring, the
a
1. Pad PaPdad PaPdad PaPdad
MKS and C.G.S system is 1 N = 10 dyne. 5 PaPad PaPda
w
linear momentum and kinetic energy are Ans. True.

et et conserved. et et et et et et eNt et et t
i.Ne
et et et et
lsaai.lN
ai.N lsaai.lN
ai.N lsaai.lN
ai.N lsaai.lN
ai.N 5.lsaai.lN
ai.Newton's lsaai.lN
first alaw defines lsaai.lN
force ai.N
and inertia. lsaai.lN
ai.N
PaPdadFalse.
a a a a a a a a
a Ans. s
a a s
a a
PaPdad
s
a a
PaPdad
s
a a
PaPdad
s
a a
PaPdad
s
a a
PaPdad
s
a a
PaPdad
a
PaPda
w
Correct Statement : Only linear momentum is Ans. True.

et et
conserved et t
kinetic energy et t
increases. et t 6. eThe t t unit of force et and
t impulse isetsame. t et t
e e e e e e e
lsaai.lN
ai.N lsaai.lN
ai.N lsaai.lN
ai.N lsaai.lN
ai.N lsaai.lN
ai.N lsaai.lN
ai.N lsaai.lN
ai.N lsaai.lN
ai.N
a
a 2. d d
sa
P Pa Change
a a d d
sa
inP Plinear
a a momentum
dad
sa
a can be d ad
a
sAns.
a False. d asa
d a d adsa
a d adsa
a a
PaPda
w
a a a a
P Pa a
P Pa a
P Pa a
P Pa a
P Pa
produced by applying larger force for a Correct Statement : The unit of force is newton
e.Nt et longer e.Nt period of time e.Nt et e.Nt et
and
e.Nt et
the unit of impulse e.Nt et
is Ns. et et et et
.lN .lN et .lN .lN .lN .lN
a l aa
i a i
Ans. False.
s a l aa
i a i
s a l aa
i a i
s al aa
i a i
s a l ai
a a i
s a l aa
i a i
s a lsaai.lN
ai.N s a lsaai.lN
ai.N
a s a a
PaPdad
s a a
PaPdad
s a a
PaPdad
s a a
PaPdad7.
s
Galileo PaPdsuggested,
a
ada
s
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ada external force
a
PaPdad is
a a a
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Correct Statement : Change in momentum required to keep a body in uniform motion.
t
can bet produced by applying t
larger force t
for a Ans. False.
e e t e e t e e t e e t et et et et et et et et
lsaai.lN
ai.N shorter ai.N time.
lsaai.lN lsaai.lNai.N lsaai.lN
ai.N lsaai.lNai.N lsaai.lNai.N lsaai.lNai.N lsaai.lNai.N
a
a s
adaada
a s
adaada
a s
adaada
a s
adaada
a CorrectadStatement
a s
ada
a : Aristotle
adaada explained. adaada
s a sa a
PP PP PP PP PP PP PP PaPda
19
lsaai.lN
ai.N lsaai.lN
ai.N lsaai.lN
ai.N lsaai.lN
ai.N lsaai.lN
ai.N lsaai.lN
ai.N lsaai.lN
ai.N lsaai.lN
ai.N
8124201000
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a aa s
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t
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a
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ai.N
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ai.N s alsaai.lN
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a
PaPdad Sura’s PaPdad
➠ X Std Science
et et
14. If 25 N of force is eused
e.Nt et t to compress a spring,
e.Nt et
Here Apparent
e.Nt et
weight (R) is egreater
e.Nt et t than theet t
lsaai.lN .lN .lN Net .lN .lN .lN .lN Net lsaai.lN
e
ai.N sathen howadmuch sa reactiveadaforce sa exertedadby actualdweight
sa mg (=W) ai.N
a l a i a i l a i a i. l a i a i l a i a i l a i a i l a i a i .
a d adsaa adsaa saa adsaa sa adsa
a d adsaa sa d adsaa a
a
P Pa spring? P Pa P Pa d P Pa a
P Pa a
P Pa a
P Pa PaPda
2. A 20g bullet moving at 300 m/s stops after
Ans. Reactive force by spring = – 25 N.
et et et et eNt et et t et etpenetrating e2t etcm of bone. eNt eCalculate
t theet et
a lsaai.lN
ai.N sa lsaaWhen
i.lNai.N a 25 N s a lsaof
a
i.lNai.forces is used
s a lsaai.lNato
i.Necompressalaai.lN
s s ai.N averagesaforce lsaai.lN ai.Nexerted by s a aai.lN
lsthe ai.bullet. s a lsaai.lN
ai.N
a adaada a spring,P then adaada same amount adaada
P P of force will adaada
P Pbe adaada adaada adaada a
PaPda
m
PP PP PP PP
P
Given
exerted by the spring in the opposite direction.

Mass of the bullet, e.Nt et m = 20 i× 10
e.Nt et kg
–3
et et This e.Nt eist accordingi.to e.NNewton's
t et IIIalaw e.Ntof
et motion. i.Nie.Nt et et et
a lsaai.lN
ai.N a l ai
a
.lN
a i a la a l
Na i al i
a
. l
Nai al aa l a Initiala l aa
i .
l
N
a i
velocity, u = 300
a l aa
.
l
N
a i
m/s a lsaai.lN
ai.N
PaPdad i.e., For Pevery aPdaada action there PaPdadis an equalPaand
a s
a a s s s s
a a s s
da a s s
a a s s
a a s s
a a a
o
opposite reaction. Final velocity, v = 0
e.Nt et Distance, e.Nt et s = 2 cm e.=t 2 × 10 m Net et
–2
lsaai.lN
et et 15. laIs .lN e.it
Nepossible
t t
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t one .lN .lN .lN Net
.c
ai.N i i a i i a i i a i i a i i a i i i. i.N
a l a l a l a
To find l a l a salaala
adaad:aForce exerted
adaaby
dasthe bullet, f a=daa?das
a sa a saasa reason. adaadsa asa sa a sasa sa a
a adaadas hand? If not
PP PP adaadgive PP PP adaadas PP PP PP
a
PaPda
Ans. (i) Yes, it is possible. Two equal & opposite Solution
et et et eforces
t are required et et to produce et etrequired i.Ne.Nt etUsing equations et eof
t motion, .NeNt et et et
lsaai.lN
ai.N lsaai.lN
ai.N lsaai.lN
ai.N lsaai.lN
ai.N lsaai.lN
ai.N lai lai. lsaai.lN
ai.N
ks
a a a a a lsaalai a
amount asa a
PaPdaof
s
a a ada torque. Twoadfingers
s s
a a can be P used. s
aPdaada
s asa s
a
PaPdad P Pad v2 P=aPdaaud2a+ 2as PaPdad
a a
PaPdad
a
PaPda
(ii) Rotational motion produced by a single 0 = (300)2 + 2(a) × 2 × 10–2
et et et efinger
t is lessNthan et et two fingerse.Ntproducing
et et et et e2t Net et et et
lsaai.lN
ai.N lsaai.lN lsaai.lai.N forces. salsaai.lN
ai.N equal & opposite ai lsaai.lN
ai.N lsa(a300ai.N)
i.lN 9× ai.la4i.N lsaai.lN
ai.N
PHYSICS
a a a a a al10 a
a s
a a
PaPdad PaPdad
s
a a a a
PaPdad
s
a a
PaPdad a P=aPdaa−
s
da −2
=P–aPdaadsasa s
a a
PaPdad
a
PaPda
4 ×10−2
16. What happens to the weight of a person
while
oo 4 ×10
a = –2.25 ×et10t 6 m/s2
et et e.Nt et he goes from e.Nt polar
et regioni.Ntoe.Nt equator?
et e.Nt et Ne6 et et et et
a lsaai.lN
ai.N a l aa
i .lN
a i a l a i .lN
a i a l a l ai a l a i .
l
N
a i
a = 2.25
a
N
lsaai.l×
ai.10 m/s 2 a lsaai.lN
ai.N a lsaai.lN
ai.N
aPdaadaof g is maximum
a a a
ada (i) The Pvalue PaPdad in polar region
s s s s s s s
PaPdAns.
a a s s a a s a a s a a a a a a a
and minimum at the equator region. Average force,
F = ma et t
ab
et et (ii) e.Nt eSince

t weight W e.Nt=etmg, as g varies, e.Ntthe
et weight i.Nie.Nt et e et et et et
a lsaai.lN
ai.N s a l
s
aa
i .lN
a i
of the person
s a l
s
aa
i .lN
a i
is more at spoles
a l
s
aa
i.lNa i
than at the
s a l
s
aa l a = 20
sa ls× N
aai.l10
ai.N–3
× 2.25 × s10
alsaa6i.lN
ai.N s a lsaai.lN
ai.N
equator region. F = 45 × 103 = 4.5 ×104 N
et et 17. Classify et et the afollowing et et things etinto
et like ai3. et etA bullet ofi.Nmass et et 50 g moving et etwith a speed et et
lsaai.lN
ai.N lsaai.lN
ai.N lsai.lN
ai.N lsaai.lN
ai.N lsa.lN
ai.N lsa–1l ai.N lsaai.lN
ai.N lsaai.lN
ai.N
PaPdad parallel and PaPdadunlike parallel PaPdaforces (Dragging
a a a a a a a a
s s s s
of 300 ada is brought
PaPdams
s a
PaPdadto rest in 1sP. aFind
s
Pad the
s
ur
a a a a a ada a a a a da a a
PaPdad PaPda
water from well, force applied to crow bar, impulse and the force.
et et
weight et et
balance, turning
et et
pen cap) et et et et Given et et et et et et
a lsaai.lN
ai.N Ans.a i.lNai.N
lsaaDragging water a i.lN
lsafrom ai.N well - Like a i.lN
ai.N
lsaaparallel forces a lsaai.lNai.N a lsaai.lNai.N a lsaai.lNai.N a lsaai.lN
ai.N
a s
a a s
a a a s
adaada
s
adaada Mass
a a of the bullet,
s am
s a = 50 × 10 a kg
–3 s a a
.s
Force applied to crow bar P -PUnlike parallelP P Initial speed of the bullet, u = 300 m/s
forces
et et e et t e et t t
e e t t
e e t t et speed, v =
eFinal et 0et et et
a lsaai.lN
ai.N a lsaaWeight
i.lNai.N balance a lsa
i.lNai.N - Like alsaaparallel
i.lN
ai.N forces a lsaai.lNai.N a lsaai.lNai.N a lsaai.lNai.N a lsaai.lN
ai.N
aPdaadat = 1 s PaPdaada
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s
a a s
ada a a s s s s s
a
PaPdad Turning pen PaPdacap ada
Pa-PdU adada a a
PaPdad
a
PaPda
nlike parallelP Pa
w

To find : (i) Impulse (of a force), J =?
forces
e e t t
e e t (ii)e.NForce,
t et F = ? i.Ne.Nt et et et
a lsaai.lN
ai.N s a lsaai.lNai.N s a lsaai.lNai.N s a lsaai.lN
ai.N s a lsaai.lNai.N s a lsaai.lNai s a lsaalai s a lsaai.lN
ai.N
a a a
PaPdad aPdaada PaPdad
a a a a
PaPdad Solution
a a
PaPdad PaPdad
a a a a
PaPdad
a
PaPda
w
NumericalP problems
(i) Impulse, J = Change in momentum
et et 1. Weight e t et of a person e tinside
e t the lift.Nwhile e t et at rest e t et = et et m(v – u)i.Ne.Nt et et et
lsaai.lN
ai.N . N
lsaai lai. N . N
lsaai lai. N lsaai lai. N . N
lsaai lai. N lsaai.lNai.N lsaalai lsaai.lN
ai.N
a s
a aa is 50 N. What s
a aais the weight he
s
a a a feels when lift
s
a aa

s
a aa
= 50
s
a aa s
a a a a
PaPd×ad10–3 [0 – 300]
a
PaPdad PaPdad PaPdad Padad PaPdad PaPdad PaPda
w
moves up with an acceleration of 9.8 ms–2P.

= –15 Ns
Ans. R t = m (g + a) (R → Apparent weight)
Impulse ai.N = F × t salsaai.lN
et et t t t et et et et et et
ai.N (ii)
e e t e e t e e t e e t
a lsaai.lN
ai.N s a i.lN
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et et 3. Differentiatee.Nt et the eeye t defects: Myopia e.Nt et and (vi) The object
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(i) It (vii) A real, inverted and magnified image (A'B') t
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a lsaai.lN
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Nearby objects Distant
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Unit 2- Optics
et et butet edistant
t objects et et objects cannot e ebe seen
t t e et t a virtual, etenlarged
et andi.erect et et image (A"B") et et
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s aa s
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clearly. P VIII. Numerical Problems :
(iv) The focal length ofet t The focal length of eye
et et e.Nt et e e et t et et e.Nt et et et et et
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a the
PaPdistance between PaPdad PaPdad Padad PaPdad PaPda
a convex lens of focalP length 10 cm. Find the
eye lens and retina eye lens and retina
image distance and nature of the image.
et et increases.
et et et et decreases..NeNt et e.Nt et et et et et et et
lsaai.lN
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PHYSICS
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a s s
a a s
a a s s
a a s s
a a s
a a s
a a a
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Object distance, u = –20 cm
objects are formed
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objects are formed
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oo Focal length oft convex lens f =t 10 cm
et et e.Nt et e et e.Nt et e.Nt et e et e et et et
lsaai.lN
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a s
a a a s a s
a a a s
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a aa s a To find a :a Image distance
s a a av = ? and adada
s a s a a
PaPdad PaPdad lens.
using a concave PaPdaa
using convex lens. PaPdad PaPdad PaPdad P Pa PaPda
Nature of the the image = ?
ab
et et 4. Explain
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lsaai.lN
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s a
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Paon lens, PaPda
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then f = 10 cm ; u = – 20 cm
et et (i) et eCompound
t microscope
et et is usedet to et
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(ii) A compound microscope consists of two v u P
convex lenses. 1 1 1
et et et et et et et et et et e.Nt et et et et et
lsaai.lN
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PaPdad PaPdanear PaPdadand is called PaPdaasd daada a a a a
PaPdad
a
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= t t+
a lsaai.lN
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ai.N a lsaa(iv)
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ai.N The lens swith
a lsaai.lN
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36
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➠ X Std Science
et et
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ai.N i .lN Net .lN lsaai.lN
et
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e
ai.N refractive i.lN
lsaaindex
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ai.N
t
lsaai.lN
ai.N
a
a d s
adaa l
s
aa a i . This spectrum
d s
adaa l
s
aa
i a i consists of
d
following
s
adaa
d ada d s
adaa
d sa
ada d adsa
a a
a
P Pa a
Violet, a
P PIndigo, a
P Pa Yellow, Orange,
Blue, Green,
a
P Pa a
P Pa a
P Pa a
P Pa PaPda
Given
and Red. These colours are represented by et et Velocity of et et in air, c =
light e3t × 10 ms 8 –1
et et et et et et et et et et et
a lsaai.lN
ai.N sa ai.N the acronym
lsaai.lN s a lsaai.l“VIBGYOR”.
N
ai.N s a lsaai.lN
ai.N s a lsaai.lN
ai.N Velocitysof
a i.lN
lsaalight i.lN
ai.N in glass, svalsaa= ai.2N× 108 ms–1 s a lsaai.lN
ai.N
a a a ada a a a a a a a a a a a
PaPdad (iii) When PaPdawhite light PaisPdadrefracted PaPdaad PaPdad PaPdad PaPdad PaPda
m
by
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et et et elights
t are labent et ethrough
t different et et angles. i.Ne.Nt et e.Nt ect et et et et
lsaai.lN
ai.N lsaai.lN
ai.N i.lN
ai.N lsaai.lN
ai.N la ai lsaai.µNai= = ? salsaai.lN ai.N lsaai.lN
ai.N
a a
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a a a asasal a l
v PaPdaada
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a s
a a a s s s
a a s
a a s
a a a
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o
different colours.
3´108
Unit 2- Optics
et et (iv) e et Angle
t of refraction e et t is the smallest e et t for red e et t e et t µ = et et 8 = 1.5 i.Ne.Nt et
lsaai.lN lsaai.lN lsaai.lNai.Nfor violet.salsaai.lN lsaai.lN lsaai.lN lsaai.lN 2 ´10
.c
ai.N ai.N and the highest ai.N ai.N ai.N ai.N la ai
a
a s
a aa s
a aa a a s
a aa s
a aa s
a a a asasal a
PaPdad PaPdad PaPdad PaPdad PaPdad PaPdadµ = 1.5 (No ada
PaPdunit) PaPda
(v) From Snell’s law, we know that the angle
et et
of refraction isetdetermined
e.Nt et
in terms e.Nt et
of the 4. et tA light travelsetfrom air into water, et et the anglei.of et et
lsaai.lN
e
ai.N refraction i.lN
lsaais .Ne
ai25º
t
lsaai.lN
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i refractive index i . of the medium. i
to the normal.
ks
a a l aa a i a l aa ai a l aa a i a a a a
a s
a a s s
a a s s
a a s s
a a s
a a s
a a ada a
PaPdad Padad PaPdad PaPdad PaPdad
of incidence. Refractive PaPdadindex of water PaPdais 1.33. PaPda
(vi) Hence,P the refractive index of the medium
is different for different coloured lights. µ a
= 1.
et et e.Nt et e.Nt et e.Nt et e.Nt et et et et et et et
lsaai.lN
ai.N i .lN i i .lN i i .lN i i.lN i Given lsaai.lN
ai.N lsaai.lN
ai.N lsaai.lN
ai.N
PHYSICS
a a a a
NPumerical
a s a l a a s a l a a s a l a a s a l a a s a s a s a
a a a
PaPdad
s aPdada aproblems
s
PaPdad
a a s oo a a
PaPdad
s a a
PaPdad
a a
PaPdad
a a
PaPdad
a
PaPda
µ1 sin i = µ2 sin r
1. The refractive index of kerosene is 1.44. Find
µ sin i =et tµw sin r
lsaai.lN
et et
ai.N the
i .lN i
e.Ntvelocity
et of light
i .lN i
e.Nt ethrough
t kerosene.
i .lNi
e.Nt et i .lN i
e.Nt et a
lsaai.lNi.Ne lsaai.lN
et et
ai.N lsaai.lN
et et
ai.N
a
a s
a aa ls
aa a s
da a
a ls
aa a s
a aa ls
aa a s
a a a ls
aa a µ s
a a a a= 1 s
a a a s
a aa a
PaPdad Given PaPad PaPdad PaPdad PaPdad a PaPdad PaPdad PaPda
µw = 1.33
Velocity of light through air, ca = 3 × 108 ms–1 r =et t25'
ab
et et e.Nt et e.Nt et e.Nt et e.Nt et e eNt et et et

a lsaai.lN
ai.N s a ls
aa
i .lN
To a i
find : Speed s a ls
aa
i
of
.lN
a i
light throughs a l a i .lN
kerosene,
s a a i
s a ls
aa
i .lN
a i
To find s:a lsaai.lN
Angle ai.N of incidence, s a lsaai.lN
aii.= ? s a lsaai.lN
ai.N
ck = ? μw
sin i = tμ
et et Refractive
e et t indexaof kerosene,
e t e t µk =a1.44 e et t e et t e et et et et et
a lsaai.lN
ai.N s a lsaai.lNai.N s a lsai.lN ai.N s a lsai.lN ai.N s a lsaai.lNai.N s a lsaai.lN
ai.N a s a lsaai.lN
ai.N s a lsaai.lN
ai.N
ur
a a a
PaPdad Solution PaPdad
a a a a
PaPdad
a a
PaPdad
a a
PaPdad 1.33×Psin da°
aPdaa25 a a
PaPdad
a
PaPda
sin r =
ca 1
et et µN t= t ⇒ 1.44 t t t t t t eNe 1.33× sin
t t et °et et et
lsaai.lN
ai.N
ke e
lsaai.lai.N c k salaai.lN e e
ai.N lsaai.lN
e e
ai.N lsaai.lN
e e
ai.N sialsa= i.lN
ai.sin –1  lsaai.lN
25
ai.N  lsaai.lN
ai.N
a
a s
a aa a a s s
a aa s
a a a a a a  s
PaPdaada1
a
 PaPdaada
s a a
PaPdad Padad PaPdad PaPdad PaPdad PaPda
.s
3´P108
µk = = 2.083 × 108 ms–1 Angle of incidence,
et et t c k t et t et t et eNt et et et et et
iala=i.lN ai.34.2º
e e t e e e
a lsaai.lN
ai.N s a
. N
lsaai lai. N
s a
. N
lsaai lai. N
s a
. N
lsaai lai. N
s a
. N
lsaai lai. N
s a s a lsaai.lN
ai.N s a lsaai.lN
ai.N
PaPdad Speed of P light
aPdaadthrough kerosene,
a a a a a a a a a a s a a a a a
PaPdad PaPdad Padad PaPdad Padad PaPda
w
5. LightPin air enters a diamond at 45°. PWhat is

ck = 2.083 × 10 ms 8 –1
the angle of refraction? G.T µdia = 2.42.
et et et et e.Nt et e.Nt et e.Nt et et et et et et et
a lsaai.lN
ai.N 2.salsaaThe
i.lNai.Nrefractive s aindex
l aa
i .lN
a i of kerosene
s a l aa
iis
.lN
a i 1.44 & that s a l aa
i .lN
ai Solution s a lsaai.lN
ai.N s a lsaai.lN
ai.N s a lsaai.lN
ai.N
a a a a a s a a s a a s a a a a a a a
PaPdad of diamond PaPdadis 2.42. Calculate PaPdad the refractive PaPdad PaPdia=d µ sin r PaPdad PaPdad...... PaPda
w
µa sin dia
index of diamond with respect to kerosene. (Reactive index of air, µa= 1)
a lsaai.lN
et et
ai.N a
. Given
N
lsaai lai.
e N
t et
a
. N
lsaai lai.
e N
t et
a
. N
lsaai lai.
e N
t et
a
. N e N
t et
lsaai lai. (Angle of a
et et
lsincidence,
aai.lN
ai.N i = 45°) a lsaai.lN
et et
ai.N a lsaai.lN
et et
ai.N
s
a a s
daada of diamond s
a a a s s
a a s
a a s
a a a
a
PaPdad Refractive PaPindex PaPdad with respect ada
PaPdto in ,PaPdad PaPdad PaPdad PaPda
w
kerosene (1) ⇒ (sin 45°) = 2.42 (sin r)

ai.Refractive index ai.Nof diamond
et et eNt et et et et et et et et et  sin 45
t
i.Ne.Net et et
lsaai.lN lsaai.lN lsaai.lN lsaai.lN  adadsaals°aalai
ai.N ai.N .lN
lsaai ai.N i.lN
lsasin ai.rN = lsaai.lN
ai.N
a
a a a =
s a s
a aa s
a aa s
a aa s
a aa a s
a aa a
PaPdad PaPdad index of kerosene
Refractive PaPdad PaPdad PaPdad P P2a.42  PaPdad PaPda
3.42 1
et et =Net et = 1.68 Net et et et et et et et et et et et
alsaai.lN
ai.N . N
i i.1.44
salaala
i. i.N
salaala a lsaai.lN
ai.N alsaai.lN
ai.N a lsaai.lN
ai.N a lsaa2i.lN
ai.N a lsaai.lN
ai.N
PaPdad r = sin
a a as a as s
a a s
a a s
a a –1 s
a a s
a a a
PaPdad PaPdad PaPdad PaPdad PaPdad2.42 PaPdad PaPda
60
lsaai.lN
ai.N lsaai.lN
ai.N lsaai.lN
ai.N lsaai.lN
ai.N lsaai.lN
ai.N lsaai.lN
ai.N lsaai.lN
ai.N lsaai.lN
ai.N
8124201000
a s
a aa s
a aa s
a aa sa
a a s
a aa s a s a
a
PaPdad
a
PaPda
et et t
t
.NeNet
t
a
a
lsaai.lN
ai.N This
www.Padasalai.Net
asasa
ai.N
asasa asasa s
a aa lsaai.lN
ai.N s
a aalsaai.lN
a lsaai.lN
ai.N s a lsaai.lN
ai.N s a lsaai.lN
ai.N s alsaai.lN
ai.N s a lsaai.lN
ai.N s a lsaai.lN
ai.N sa lsaai.lN
ai.N s a lsaai.lN
ai.N
a
PaPdad
➠ Science
PaPdad
X Std PaPdad PaPda
et et
IX. HOT question : t
e.Nt et e t e.Nt et 2. Understande.Nt et theeassertion
t et statement et et and the i.Ne.Nt et
lsaai.lN
ai.N i .lN i lsaai.lNi.Ne lsaai.lN
aiin lsaai.lN
aireason given .lN
lsaaiand
ai.N choose the N
lsaai.correct
ai.N choice. i
a
a If
s
a aayou
l
s
aa a keep ice ats0°C
a aa aand water at
s
a a0°C
a either s
a aa s
aPdaada
a sa
aPdaada
l salaala
aPdaadas a
PaPdad PaPdad PaPdad PaPdad P P P
[PTA-5] PaPda
of your hands, in which hand you will feel more
chillness? Why? Assertion: Heat always flows from the body
a lsaai.lN
ai.N Ans. sWea lsaai.lwill
ai.N feel more
N
s a chillness
i.lN
lsaa ai.N in the
s a lsahand
a ai.N ice is salsaai.lN
i.lN of higher stemperature
ai.N a lsaai.lN
ai.N to sthe
a abody
lsaai.lN i.Ne of lower
s a lsaai.lN
ai.N
a a daada a a a a a a a a a a a
Optics Physics
a
PaPdadplaced at 0º C PaPdad by the ice PisaPdad temperature.
m
latent
PaP heat absorbed
greater than that absorbed by water. Reason: The mass of the body is not altered when
et et Reason e t et : The latent e t eheat
t of vaporization
e t et e it
t eis
t heated or cooled. et et et et et et
a lsaai.lN
ai.N s a
. N
lsaai lai.N
s a
. N
lsaai lai. N
s a
. N
lsaai lai. N
s a
. N
lsaai lai. N
s a lsaai.lN
ai.N s a lsaai.lN
ai.N s a lsaai.lN
ai.N
PaPdadabsorbed byPthe aPdaadice
a is greater a
Pthan
Pad water, at the a) BothPathe
Padassertion andPthe aPdaareason are truePand
aPdaadthe
a a a da a a a da a da a a
PaPdad PaPda
o
2- Thermal
same temperature. reason is the correct explanation of the assertion.
et et t
e e t t
e e t t
e e t e e Both the assertion
b)
t t et t and the reason et eare
t true but Net et
lsaai.lN lsaai.lN
lsaai.lN lsaai.lN lsaai.lN i.lN i.Nethe correct. i.lN
.c
a ai.N s a ai.N s a ai.N s a ai.N s a ai.N the reason s a lsais
a anot s a a ai.N
lsaExplanation ofadsthe
a lsaai.lai.N
a d ada d ada d ada d ada d ada d ada d a a
a
P Pa a
P Pa a
P Pa a
P Pa a
P Pa
assertion.
a
P Pa a
P Pa PaPda
c) Assertion is true but the reason is false
Unit 3-
PTA Questions & Answers
et et t et t et t et t et et et et et et et
lsaai lai. d) Both thesassertion ai.N and the sreason ai.Nare false. salsaai.lN
e e e e
lsaai.lN
ai.N . N
lsaai lai. N . N
lsaai lai. N . N
lsaai lai. N . N N lsaai.lN lsaai.lN ai.N
ks
a s
a aa s
a aa s
a aa s
a a a a a
a
PaPdad PaPdad PaPdad PaPdad da a
ns. c)PaAssertion is true daadathe reasonPis
but
a
ada
aPdfalse a
PaPda
A Pad PaP
1 mark 3. At container of capacity 70 ml ist filled with t t
t
e.Net t
e.Ne t e.Nt et e.Nt et e.Net e.Nt et e.Net e e
i.lNi 1. Variation
i .lN i in dimensions i .lN i of any object i .lN i due to i.lN ia liquid up to i .lN50
i ml. When it
i .lN i is heated thelsaai.lN
ai.N
PHYSICS
a la a l a a l a a l a a la a l a a l a a
asa d adsa
a sa d adsa
a sa d adsa
a sa d adsa
a sa dadsa
a sa d adsa
a sa d adsa
a a
P Pa rise in temperature
a a
P Pa is calledP as aPa ________ P Pa a liquidPlevel
a Pa falls to 48.5 P Pa ml and then
a P Prises
a a PaPda
(a) Thermal Expansion
oo
[PTA-5] to 51.2 ml. Find the apparent and real
lsaai.lN
et et
ai.N (b)laiThermal
.lN
ai
e.Nt et Variation . N
lsaai lai.
e N
t et
. N
lsaai lai.
e N
t et
. N
lsaai lai.N
expansion.
et et
lsaai.lN
et et
ai.N lsaai.lN
et et [PTA-6] i.Ne.Nt et
ai.N la lai
a s a a s a s a s a s a s a asaasa
a
PaPda(c)
s
ada Thermal convection a a
PaPdad
a a
PaPdad PaPdad
a a Data: PaPdaada a a
PaPdad PaPdad
a
PaPda
(d) Evaporation Level of the liquid L1 = 50 ml
ab
et et .NeNt et Ans. e et(a)

t Thermal Expansion
e et t e Level
t et of the lliquid et eL t = 48.5 ml et et et et
a lsaai.lN
ai.N s a lsaai lai. s a lsaai.lNai.N s a lsaai.lNai.N s a lsaai.lNai.N s a s
aai.lNai.N 2 s a lsaai.lN
ai.N s a lsaai.lN
ai.N
a a a a da a a a a a a a a
PaPdadIf the atoms
2. adamoleculesPaof
PaPdor Pada gas do not PaPdad ada liquid L =
Level PofaPdthe ada ml
PaPd51.2 PaPdad PaPda
3
interact with each other, then the gas is said Apparent expansion = L3 − L1
et et toabe ant et_____. t et [PTA-6]
t et t et et et = 51.2 ml et et et et
lsaai lai ai.–N50 ml
e e e e
a lsaai.lN
ai.N a
. N
lsai lai. N
a
. N
lsaai lai. N
a
. N
lsaai lai. N
a
. N . N
a lsaai.lNai.N a lsaai.lN a lsaai.lN
ai.N
PaPda(a)
ada Inert gas adada (b) Ideal a
Pgas
s s s s s s s
ur
a da a PaPdad
a a a a
PaPdad
a
ada
PaPd1.2ml
a a
PaPdad
a
PaPda
P Pa Pad =
(c) Imperfect fas (d) Pure gas
Ans. (b) Ideal
Real expansion = L3 − L2
et et e t et e t et e t et gas e t et et et et et et et
a lsaai.lN
ai.N s a
. N
lsaai lai. N
s a
. N
lsaai lai. N
s a
. N
lsaai lai. N
s a lsaai lai
. N . N
s a lsaai.lNai.N = 51.2
s a lsaml
a ai.–N48.5ml salsaai.lN
i.lN ai.N
a a aPdaada energy ofPthe aPdaadmolecules
a
PaPdadThe average P
3. kinetic a ofPaaPdaada a a
PaPdad
a
ada
PaPd2.7ml
a a
PaPdad
a
PaPda
.s
=
substance is called ______. Ans. Temperature
So, Real expansion > apparenttexpansion
et et i.NeNt et e.Nt et e.N[PTA-2]
t et e.Nt et e.Nt et e et et et
lsaai.lN
ai.N l a l a i . l a i. l
Na i l a i .l
Na i l a i .
l
N
a i l a i.l
N
a i lsaai.lNai.N lsaai.lN
ai.N
a
a s
a a
PaPdad
a s a
PaPda2
s
ada a s a
marks PaPad
s
da a
a s a s
PaPdad4.
a aa s a Convert PaPd80F
ada temperature
a s a s a
PaPdad into kelvinPascale.
s
a aa s
da a
Pad
a a
PaPda
w
(7 Marks) [PTA-6]
1. State whether the following statements is Ans. Fahrenheit and Kelvin
et et et t et t et et et et et et e5t et et et
a lsaai.lN
ai.N true
a lsaai.lNaor
i.Nefalse, justify a lsaai.lN ayour
i.Ne answer. a lsaai.lN ai.N a lsaai.lNai.N a lsaai.lNai.N a lsaai.lNai.N a lsaai.lN
ai.N
a s
a a
PaPdad During thePprocess
s
aPdaada
s
a a
PaPdad heat energy, PaPdad
s
a a PaPdaada [K] = (FPa+Pdaa460)
s
da ×
s s
a a
PaPdad
a
PaPda
of transferring
w
9
the body at lower temperature is cooled while 5
et et thei.Nbody e.Nt et at higher itemperature e.Nt et is heated. e t et
e t et e t e=t (80 + 460)N×et et = 300 K et et
lsaai.lN
ai.N lsaalai .
lsaalai N . N
lsaai lai. N . N
lsaai lai. N . N
lsaai lai. N .
lsaai lai. N9 lsaai.lN
ai.N
a
a a a
s a s
a a a s
a aa [PTA-4]adaada s a s
a aa s
a aa s
a aa a
w
PP
Ans. False.
et et
Correct e.Nt et
statement: eDuring t the process e.Nt et
of et et et et et et et et
lsaai.lN
ai.N l a i.lN
transferring
a i heat l a i .lN
energy,a i .Net the body l a i .lNa at
i lower lsaai.lNai.N lsaai.lNai.N lsaai.lNai.N lsaai.lN
ai.N
a
a s
a aa s a a s a s a s
adaa s a s
a aa s
a aa s
a aa s
a aa a
PaPdadtemperaturePis ada
aPdheated PaPdabody
while the at higher PaPdad PaPdad PaPdad PaPdad PaPda
temperature is cooled.
et et Thus, ethis
t et process ofNtransfer et et of heat energy
et et is et et et et et et et et
lsaai.lN
ai.N lsaai.lNai.N lsaai.lai.N lsaai.lN ai.N lsaai.lN ai.N lsaai.lNai.N lsaai.lNai.N lsaai.lNai.N
a
a a termed
s a
a as ‘cooling’
a a.
s a s
a aa s
a aa s
a aa s
a aa sa
a a a
Padad
P Padad
P Padad
P Padad
P P Padad P Padad Padad
P PaPda
69
lsaai.lN
ai.N lsaai.lN
ai.N lsaai.lN
ai.N lsaai.lN
ai.N lsaai.lN
ai.N lsaai.lN
ai.N lsaai.lN
ai.N lsaai.lN
ai.N
8124201000
a s
a aa s
a aa s
a aa sa
a a s
a aa s a s a
a
PaPdad
a
PaPda
et et t
t
.NeNet
t
a
a
lsaai.lN
ai.N
asasaThis
ai.N
asasa asasa s
a aa lsaai.lN
ai.N s
a aalsaai.lN
alai lai.
a lsaai.lN
ai.N s a lsaai.lN
ai.N s a lsaai.lN
ai.N s alsaai.lN
ai.N s a lsaai.lN
ai.N s a lsaai.lN
ai.N sa lsaai.lN
ai.N s a lsaai.lN
ai.N
a
➠ X Std Science
H igher orderNethinking (HOTS) 3. t tDoes a substance that heats eup t quickly have
et et e.Nt et t
.lai.Net e.Nt et e.Ne e.Nt et Net et et
a lsaai.lN
ai.N s
a aa l
s
aa
i .lN
a i
s a la i
a aquestionsadada
s a s a l
s
aa
i .lN
a i
s
a aa l
s
aa
i .lN
a i a high or
s
a aa l
s a
aa
i .llow
N
a i specificsheat
a
a a
l
s
aa
i .lN
a icapacity?
.
s a lsaai.lN
ai.N
a
PaPdad PaPdad PaPdad Ans. A substance PaPdad PaPdadup quickly Phas aPdaada a
PaPda
P Pa that heats a low
Airet pressure in car specific heat capacity. Higher the specific heat
1. t et tyre increases t et during t etcapacity of aNsubstance, lower ai.is
eNt ethe
t increase .N
lsaai lain
et et e t e e e et et et t
a lsaai.lN
ai.N a lsaadriving
. N
i lai. N explain. a
. N
lsaai lai. N
a
. N
lsaai lai. N
a
. N
lsaai lai. N
a lsaai.lai.N a lsaai.lN a i.Ne
s s s s s s s
a a a a a a its temperature.
a a a a a a a
Optics Physics
a ada During driving adathe gas increases

PaPdAns. PaPdad temperature PaPdof PaPdad PaPdad PaPdad PaPdad PaPda
m
while its volume remains constant. So according 4. Why does a metal bar appear hotter than
V, P µ e∴
lsaato ai.Charles's lawlaati.lN aconstant lsaai.lT.
et et eNt et et t t etPressure et et et t et et et et
a lsaai.lN
ai.N s a i.lN
s a s a i.Ne
s a
N
ai.N s alsaai.lNai.N a wooden s a lsaai.lNabar
i.Ne at the asame
s lsaai.lNai.N temperature? s a lsaai.lN
ai.N
PaPdad of gas increases.
a
PaPdad PaPdad PaPdad Equivalently
PaPdad it alsoPaPdad appears cooler PaPdad than PaPda
o
2- Thermal
2. Why will a watermelon stay cool for a wooden bar if they are both colder than
et et t t t e e room temperature.
t et et et et et et
lsaalonger
e e time than
aisandwiches when ai.N both aresalsaai.lN
t e.Ne t e e t t
lsaai.lN i.lN lsaai.lN lsaai.lN lsaai.lN lsaai.lN lsaai.lN
.c
ai.N ai.N ai.N ai.N ai.N ai.N
a s
a a a s a
aPdaada a cooler on
s
a a a a a Ans. Due ato adifference
s a in Pconductivity,
s
aPdaada
a metals ahaving
s a a
PaPdad removedPfrom PaPdaadhot day? PaPdad
a a a
P Pdad PaPdad PaPda
Ans. Watermelon having higher specific heat will hight conductivity compared to wood. On touch
with a finger, heat from the surrounding flows t t
Unit 3-
et et enhancee.Nt et its temperature e.Nt et slowly compared e.Nt et to the i.Ne.Nt et e.Nt et e.Nt et e e
lsaai.lN .lN .lN .lN faster to the N
sal finger from
N aai.lN
adsmetals
sal and soaone
ai.N i i i i . i . lsfeels ai.N
ks
l a a i l a ai l a a i l a a i l a a i l a a i
a
a d adsaa sasandwiches dwhich
adsaa sa has lower dspecific
adsaa sa heat. adadsa a sal d adsaa d
aa d adsaa a
a
P Pa a
P Pa a
P Pa P Pa a
the Pheat.
Pa Similarly, Pwhen aPa one touches P Pa a cold PaPda
metal the heat from the finger flows away to the
t etsurroundings
ai.faster.
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lsaai.lN
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lai lai.N N .
lai lai.N N .
lai lai.N N .
lai lai.N N lai.lN lai.lN ai.N lai.lN ai.N
PHYSICS
a
a asaasa asaasa asaasa asaasa asa
asa asaasa asaasa a
oo 
a lsaai.lN
ai.N a lsaai.lN
ai.N a lsaai.lN
ai.N a lsaai.lN
ai.N lsaai.lN
ai.N lsaai.lN
ai.N lsaai.lN
ai.N lsaai.lN
ai.N
a s
a a s
a a s
a a adsa
a s
a aa s
a aa s
a aa a
PaPdad PaPdad PaPdad a d
P Pa PaPdad PaPdad PaPdad PaPda
ab
a lsaai.lN
ai.N s a lsaai.lN
ai.N s a lsaai.lN
ai.N s alsaai.lN
ai.N sa lsaai.lN
ai.N sa lsaai.lN
ai.N s alsaai.lN
ai.N s a lsaai.lN
ai.N
a lsaai.lN
ai.N sa lsaai.lN
ai.N s a lsaai.lN
ai.N s a lsaai.lN
ai.N sa lsaai.lN
ai.N s a lsaai.lN
ai.N s a lsaai.lN
ai.N s a lsaai.lN
ai.N
ur
a lsaai.lN
ai.N sa lsaai.lN
ai.N s a lsaai.lN
ai.N s a lsaai.lN
ai.N s alsaai.lN
ai.N s a lsaai.lN
ai.N s a lsaai.lN
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82
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ai.N lsaai.lN
ai.N lsaai.lN
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UNIT
a s
a a s
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a lsaai.lN
ai.N s a lsaai.lN
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ai.N s a lsaai.lN
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ai.N s a lsaai.lN
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ai.N
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CONCEPT MAP
a lsaai.lN
ai.N s a lsaai.lN
ai.N s a lsaai.lN
ai.N s a lsaai.lN
ai.N s a lsaai.lN
ai.N s a lsaai.lN
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Electricity
salaala sa lsaai.lN
ai.N s alsaai.lN
ai.N s a lsaai.lN
ai.N
a a a
PaPdad
a a
PaPdad
a a
PaPdad adadas
P Pa
a a
PaPdad
a a
PaPdad
a a
PaPdad
a
PaPda
a lsaai.lN
ai.N sa lsaai.lN
ai.N s a lsaai.lN
ai.N s a lsaai.lN
ai.N sa lsaai.lN
ai.N s a lsaai.lN
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ai.N lsaai.lN
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ai.N lsaai.lN
Circuits ai.N lsaai.lN
ai.N lsaai.lN
ai.N
a a a I = Q/T adada
sa s a s a s a s a s a LED Bulbs s a
PaPdad current PaPdad
a a a a a a a a a a a a
PaPdad P Pa PaPdad PaPdad PaPdad PaPda
.s
Electrical
Ohm's Law Resistances in t Potential
et et e.Nt et et et e et Net et Joule's elaw
t et of et et et et
lsaai.lN
ai.N l a i V
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ai.N seriessalaai.lN
ai.N lsaai.lai.N lsaai.lN
ai.N lsaai.lN
ai.NLED TV salsaai.lN
ai.N
a
a sa a
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Resistance Electrical
Resistances in
Re= t V/I
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et et Net e.Nt et parallel i.Ne.Nt et et et Electric
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a lsaai.lN
ai.N sa l
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aa l a i
s a lsaai.lN
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Resistivity Domestic electric

circuits
a lsaai.lN
ai.N s a lsaai.lN
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ai.N s a lsaai.lN
ai.N s a lsaai.lN
ai.N s a lsaai.lN
ai.N s a lsaai.lN
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Conductivity
a lsaai.lN
ai.N s a lsaai.lN
ai.N s a lsaai.lN
ai.N s alsaai.lN
ai.N s a lsaai.lN
ai.N s a lsaai.lN
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ai.N
alsaai.lN
ai.N s a lsaai.lN
ai.N s a lsaai.lN
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ai.N s alsaai.lN
ai.N s a lsaai.lN
ai.N s a lsaai.lN
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P[83]
a
lsaai.lN
ai.N lsaai.lN
ai.N lsaai.lN
ai.N lsaai.lN
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a s
a aa s
a aa s
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PaPdad
a
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ai.N s alsaai.lN
ai.N s a lsaai.lN
ai.N s a lsaai.lN
ai.N sa lsaai.lN
ai.N s a lsaai.lN
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➠ X Std Science
et et Solution
et et et et et et et et et et et et et et
lsaai.lN
ai.N lsaai.lN
ai.N lsaai.lN
ai.N lsaai.lN
ai.N lsaai.lN
ai.N lsaai.lN
ai.N r.3L ai.N  ρL  salsaai.lN
lsaai.lN ai.N
R =PaPdaada = 9 PaPdaada
a s a s a s a s a s a sa
a a a
PaPdad I = Q
a a
PaPdad
a a
PaPdad
a a
PaPdad ∴ New
PaPdaresistance
ada a
PaPda
A  A
t
Charge
t t of an electron,
3
et et e e t t e e et et et et et et et et et et
a lsaai.lN
ai.N a lsaai.lN
ai.N a lsaai.lN
ai.N a lsaai.lN
ai.N a lsaai.lN
ai.N a lsaai.lN
ai.N R = 9.R a aai.lN
ls⇒ a9i.N× 10 = 90 sΩ
a lsaai.lN
ai.N
PaPdad PaPdad e = 1.6 ×P10 aPdaadacoulomb
a s
a a s
a a s
–19 s
a a s
a a s
a a a a a
m
1 R = 90 Ω
Then 1 coulomb = −19
electrons
et et et et et.6 ×10
et 1 et et et et et et et et et et
lsaai.lN
ai.N lsaai.lN
ai.N lsaai.lN
ai.N lsaai.lN
ai.N lsaai.lN
ai.N lsaai.lN
ai.N lsaai.lN
ai.N lsaai.lN
ai.N
Unit 4- Electricity
a a a a a a a a
PaPdad i.e., 1 coulomb
s s
a a = 6.25 ×a10
P Pdad electrons PaPdad
a a a s
18
a a s
a a s
a a s
a a s
a a a
PaPdad
o
For 1 ampere current, no. of electrons will be
6.25 t 1018 electrons.
e.Nt e× e.Nt et For 5 ampere et et current, i.Ne.Nt et
ai.N 2 marks
lsaai.lN .lN lsaai.lN lsaai.lN lsaai.lN lsaai.lN lsaai.lN
.c
ai.N l a i a i ai18 ai.N lsaalai ai.N ai.N
a
a a a it is = 5 × 6.25
s a s a a a× 10 electrons
s a s
a aa s
a aa s
a a a s
a aa s
aPdaada
a a
= 3.125 × 1019 electrons 1. Calculate the effective resistance ofPthe given
Aliter: circuit across terminals AC. [PTA-2]
et et e.Nt et e.Nt et e.Nt et e.Nt et e.Nt et e.Nt et et et
lsaai.lN
ai.N i .lN i .lN i .lN i .lN i .lN i .lN lsaai.lN
ai.N
ks
l a a i l a ai l a a i l a a i l a a i l a a i
a a a No. of electrons
a a a a passing
a a a a a a a a a a a
PBaPdad
a s s s s s
a a s s
a a s s
a a s s
a a s s
a a a
per second, n = ?
et et et Q et et et et et et et et e.Nt et et et
lsaaIi.lNa=i.N ai.N[ Q = nesalsaai.lN
et
lsaai.lN
ai.N lsaai.lNai.N lsaai.lN ai.N lsa5ai.lWNai.N lsaai.l5N
aiW lsaai.lN
ai.N
PHYSICS
a s
a aa s a s a s a s a s a
a
PaPdad t PaPdaada a a
PaPdad
oo a a
PaPdad PaPdad
a a
PaPdad
a a a a
PaPdad
a
PaPda
Where e → Charge of electron which is equal to
1.6 t× 10–19 C
et et e.Net et et et et et et et et et t et et
lsaai.lN
ai.N lsaaQi.lNaiis 'n' no of lsaai.lN
charges ai.Ni.e Q = nesalsaai.lN ai.N lsaai.lNai.N lsaai.lN ai.N lsaai.lNaCi.Ne lsaai.lN
ai.N
a
a s
a aa s
a aa a a s
adaada
a s
a a a A 10 W s
a aa s
a a a a
ne I´t 5×P1 P
Here t = 1S, ⇒ I = ⇒n = = −19
From A to C
t e ×
ab
et et t t t t 1t .6t 10 e e AB + BC asi.in
t t etseries et et et et
e e e e e e et
a lsaai.lN
ai.N a lsaai.lN ai.N a lsaai.lNai.N a lsaai.lN ai.N a lsaai.lNai.N a lsaalN ai.N a lsaai.lNai.N a lsaai.lN
ai.N
a s
a a
PaPdad PaPdad
s
a a 5s
=aPdaada × 1019
P
s
a a
PaPdad 5 WP+aPd5aadW
s a = 10 W
PaPdad
s
a a s
a a
PaPdad
a
PaPda
1.6 Now in parallel 10 W and 10 W.
Number of Electrons,
et et et et et et et et et et et et 1et et 1 et et
a lsaai.lN
ai.N s a lsaani.lNa=i.N3.125 × 1019
s a lsaaelectrons
i.lNai.N s a lsaai.lN ai.N s a lsaai.lNai.N So, s a lsaai.lN ai.N 1/R s =
a lsaai.lNai.N+ s a lsaai.lN
ai.N
ur
a a a a a a a a a a a eff a a a a
PaPdad PaPdad PaPdad PaPdad PaPdad PaPdad 10 10 PaPdada PaPda
3. A piece of wire of resistance 10 ohm is drawn
outt so that its length is increasedt to three t et 1/R
2
et et e et e t et e e t e t et e = et t
i.Ne
et et
a lsaai.lN
ai.N s a lsaatimes
. N
i lai. N its original
s a lsaai lai.length. Calculate
. N N
s a lsaai lai. the newsalsaai lai.
. N N . N N
s a
. N
lsaai lai. N eff
s a
. N
lsaai la10 s a lsaai.lN
ai.N
PaPdad resistance. PaPdad PaPdad PaPdad PaPdad PaPdad PaPdad PaPda
.s
Given R eff
= 5 ohm.
et et t t t
ai.N A piecesa
t
a lsaai.lN
ai.N a i.lN e e
lsaaResistance
ai.N
t
of swire,
a lsaai.lNaiR
e.Ne t
= 10 Ω salaai.lN e e
ai.N
t
a lsaai2.
.lN e e t oflaaiwire
.lNai.N having saalsresistance
e et t
aai.lN
et et
ai.N of 5aohm lsaai.lN
et et
ai.N
s s s s s
a a a
PaPdad Length isPincreased aPdaada
to thrice
a
ad3a L
PaPd=
a a
PaPdad cutPinto
aPdaadafive equalPparts. aPdaada If the five PaPdparts
ada of
a a
PaPda
w
To find : New resistance = ?

the wire are connected in parallel, then find
et et e t t e et t e et t e e the effective
t t resistance
e t et of the etcombination?
et et et
lsaai.lN
ai.N lsaai.lN i.Ne
aSolution lsaai.lNai.N lsaai.lNai.N lsaai.lNai.N lsaai.lN ai.N lsaai.lNai.N lsaai.lNai.N
a
a s
a aa s
a aa s
a a a s
a aa s
a a a s
a aa [PTA-3]
s
a aa a
w
resistivity (r) × length (L) Ans. A piece of wire has a resistance of 5W. The wire is
Resistance (R) = area (A) t cut into fire equal parts.
et et e.Nt et e.rL
t
Net rL e.Net e.Nt et e.Nt et et et et et
lsaai.lN
ai.N l a i .lN
a i R l=a i .lN
a i ⇒ 10 = l a i .lN
a i l a i .lN
a i l a i .lNa i lsaai.lNai.N5 lsaai.lNai.N
a
a s
a a
PaPdad
a s a
PaPdad
s
a aa s a
A PaPdaada A
s a s a s
a a
PaPdad
a s a \ The
PaPdad
aresistance
s a
a s a of each
PaPdad
a part
s a
a = = 1PΩadaada s a a
PaPda
w
5 P
When length is increased by three times (3L) the
Since, all 5 parts are connected in parallel.
et et area e.Nt eof
t cross section e.Nt eis
t reduced by e.three
Net times lai.lN
t e.Nt et et et et et et et
a lsaai.lN
ai.N s a ls
aa
i .lN
a i
s a ls
aa
i .lN
a i
s a ls
aa
i .lN
a i
s a s a a i
s a lsaai.lN ai.N s a lsaai.lNai.N s a lsaai.lNai.N
a a a a a a a a aPdaada a a a a a
PaPdad ( A ).
a
PaPdad PaPdad PaPdad So, Pequivalent PaPdad
resistance PaPdad PaPda
3 New length = 3 L 1 1 1 1 1 1
et et e t et e t et e t et e t et e t et = + e+t et + + et et
alsaai.lN
ai.N s a lsaa . N
i lai. N
New Area
s a
N
lsaai lai.= A
. N
s a
. N
lsaai lai. N
s a
. N
lsaai lai. N
s a
.
lsaai R l
N
ai.p N R' salaR'
s a
. N
i lai. R'N R' salaR'
s a
i.lN
ai.N
a a a a a da a a a a a a a a a a
PaPdad PaPdad 3 PaPad PaPdad PaPdad PaPdad PaPdad PaPda
92
lsaai.lN
ai.N lsaai.lN
ai.N lsaai.lN
ai.N lsaai.lN
ai.N lsaai.lN
ai.N lsaai.lN
ai.N lsaai.lN
ai.N lsaai.lN
ai.N
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a aa s
a aa s
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a a s
a aa s a s a
a
PaPdad
a
PaPda
et et t
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a
a
lsaai.lN
ai.N This
www.Padasalai.Net
asasa
ai.N
asasa asasa s
a aa lsaai.lN
ai.N s
a aalsaai.lN
alai lai.
a lsaai.lN
ai.N s a lsaai.lN
ai.N s a lsaai.lN
ai.N s alsaai.lN
ai.N s a lsaai.lN
ai.N s a lsaai.lN
ai.N sa lsaai.lN
ai.N s a lsaai.lN
ai.N
a
PaPdad
➠ PaPdad
What tist the resistance of heating element

eH Order et et Thinking St kills
6. t eigher
et et e.Ne e.Nt et eNt et t e et et et
a lsaai.lN
ai.N sof
a aa l
s
aathe
i .lN
a i heater when
s a l
s
a i
a
.lNa i 20 A current
s a lsaai.lNai.passing s a lsaai.lNai.N s a lsaai.lN
a a (HOTS)
ai.N sa lsaai.lNai.N s a lsaai.lN
ai.N
a
PaPdadthrough it at dada aPdaada a a
PaPdad PaPdad
a a
PaPdad
a a
PaPdad
a
PaPda
PaPaapotential of P220 V?
Givent 1. Which options show the correctetdirection of et t
et et e.Net e.Nt et e.Nt et e.Nt et e.Nt et Net i.Ni.Ne
lsaai.lN
ai.N sCurrent
i .lN i
passing through
i .lN i
heateradIa=
i .lN i i .lN icurrent? i .lN i i .lN i .
da20
a l
a a a a sa al a a sasa A
l a a l
sa a a a l
sa a a a l
sa a a a salaala
a adadas adadas adadas adadas adadas adadas a
PaPda
m
P Pa P Pa P Pa P Pa P Pa P Pa P Pa
To find : Resistance of heating element R = ? +
+
et et et et et et et et e.Nt et
(a) et et et et et et
lsaai.lN
ai.N lsaai.lN
Solutionai.N lsaai.lN
ai.N lsaai.lN
ai.N l a i.lN
a i ai.N (b)
lsaai.lN lsaai.lN
ai.N lsaai.lN
ai.N
Unit 4- Electricity
a
a s
a aa s
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i.lN
s a lsaai.lN s s
.lNai.N True. salsaai.lN ai.N s a lsaai.lN
ai.N s a lsaai.lN
ai.N
PaPdad will be ______.
w
3. The velocity of sound is independent of

(a) 27.52 m (b) 275.2 m
temperature. t
et et (c) 0.02752
t
e.Ne t m e.N(d)
t et 2.752 m i.Nie.Nt et e.Nt et e et et et et et
lsaai.lN
ai.N l a i.lNa i l a i.lNa i l a a l a iAns.
. Na i False. salsaai.lN ai.N lsaai.lN
ai.N lsaai.lN
ai.N
a (c) 0.02752 m
a s
a aa s a s
a aa s a s a
aAns. s a l s
a aa s a l a a a s a a s a a
a ada velocity of ada
PaPdad PaPdad PaPdad PaPdad PaPdad Statement P:aPdThe
Correct PaPdsound is PaPda
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6. The sound waves are reflected from an obstacle dependent of temperature.

lsaai.lN
et et intoN e t ethe
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ai. The velocity lsaai.lN
et et i.lN et et
lsaai.lN
et et
a ai.N a
.
lsaai lai. N
a
.
lsaai lai. N
a
.
lsaai lai. N
a
.
lsaai4.l N
a of
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PaPdad incident.PWhich aPdaada of the following
a s
a a s a a changes?adada
s s s
a a s
a a a a a
PaPdad P Pa PaPdad
liquids. PaPdad PaPdad PaPda
(a) speed (b) frequency
Ans. False.
et et (c)etwavelength (d)
t t none of these t et et et et et et et of soundi.Nise.Nt et
ai.N CorrectsaStatement : Thealavelocity
e t e e e
alsaai.lN
ai.N a
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lsaai lai. N
a
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lsaai lai. N
(d)
a
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lsaainone
l ai. N
of these alsaai.lN lsaai.lNai.N i.lN
ai.N la lai
s
a a s
a a Ans. s
a a s
a a daadliquids s
aPdaada s a asa asa a
a
PaPdad PaPdad PaPdad PaPdad high in
PaP
a thanPgases. PaPdad PaPda
120
lsaai.lN
ai.N lsaai.lN
ai.N lsaai.lN
ai.N lsaai.lN
ai.N lsaai.lN
ai.N lsaai.lN
ai.N lsaai.lN
ai.N lsaai.lN
ai.N
8124201000
a s
a aa s
a aa s
a aa sa
a a s
a aa s a s a
a
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a
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et et t
t
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t
a
a
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asasa
ai.N
asasa asasa s
a aa lsaai.lN
ai.N s
a aalsaai.lN
a lsaai.lN
ai.N s a lsaai.lN
ai.N s a lsaai.lN
ai.N s alsaai.lN
ai.N s a lsaai.lN
ai.N s a lsaai.lN
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➠ X Std SciencePaPdad PaPdad PaPdad PaPdad PaPdad PaPda
et et 2. A estrong t et ultrasonic et et sound signal et et is sent i5. et etWhy does isound e.Nt et propagate faster
et et on a rainy et et
a lsaai.lN
ai.N s a lsaafrom
ai.N a ship towards
i.lN
s a ai.N the bottom
lsaai.lN s a aof
lsaai.lN i.Nthe sea. It
s a lsaa.lN
ai.N season sthan
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aion summer sa lsaai.lN
season?ai.N s a lsaai.lN
ai.N
a a a a a a a adaada a a a a a
PaPdad is received adathe receiver
PaPdby PaPdada 2 s. Calculate
after PaPdad PaPdad PaPdad PaPda
PP (4 Marks) [PTA-6]
the depth of sea. The speed of sound in water Ans. Effect of relative humidity:
et et 1450
i.Nie.Ne m s .
t t –1 t t
i.Nie.Ne i.Nie.Ne [PTA-5] i.Nie.Ne
t t t t t t
i.Nie.Ne
t t
i.Nie.Ne
t t
i.Nie.Ne
lsaai.lN
ai.N la la la la la la la la (i) Humidity
ala la increases,salsthe
a a speed of ssound
la la
a
a asaasa Given adaadsa
asa asaasa asa
asa dasasa a a al a aasa a
PaPdad PaPdad PaPdad Padad Padad PaPda
m
PP Pad
Paincreases. P P
Time interval between sending and receiving of (ii) That is why we can hear sound from long
et et the t et t = 2s
wave, t et t et t et t et et et et et
a lsaai.lN
ai.N a
. N e
lsaai lai.N
a
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lsaai lai. N
a
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lsaai lai. N
a
. N e
lsaai lai. N distances
a lsaai.lN
eclearly
ai.N during
a lsaai.lrainy
ai.N seasons.
N
a lsaai.lN
ai.N
s s s s s s s
PaPdad Velocity ofPasound Pad in sea wave, PaPdaV
ada= 1450 ms–1 adada
Unit 5- Acoustics
a a a da a a a a a a a a
o
P Pa
4 marks
To find : Depth of the sea, d = ?
et et et et et et et et 1.et etFrom the given eNt et figure, calculate et et angle of et et
lsaai.lN lsaai.lN lsaai.lN lsaai.lN lsaai.lN i.lN lsaai.lN lsaai.lN
.c
ai.N ai.N ai.N ai.N ai.N reflection lsaaof ai.sound. ai.N [PTA-4] ai.N
a
a s
a aa Formula s
a aa s
a aa sa
a a s
a aa s
a aa s
a aa a
2d = V × t
t 50
o
n
Re sou
et et Solution
et et et et et et et et e.Nt ecitde nd
i r
et et et et
fle nd
lsaai.lN
ai.N lsaai.lNai.N lsaai.lNai.N lsaai.lN
ai.N lsaai.lN
ai.N .lN n lsaai.lN
ai.N lsaai.lN
ai.N
ct
i
ks
l a a i I ou
ed
a a a a a a I a a
PaPdad PaPdad 2d = V ×PtaPdad
a s
a a s
a a s
a a s
a a s
a a s a s s
a a s
a a a
\ depth of the sea, 
et et1450 × 2 i.Ne.Nt et
N
lsaa lsadai.lN=
et et et et et et e.Nt et et et et et
lsaai.lN
ai.N i.lN
ai.N ai.N a i .lN
ai.N
lsaaiAns. Angle of i .lN
incidence
i ∠ i = i.lN
ai.N
∠ 90 o
– ∠ 50 olai.lN
ai.N
PHYSICS
a lsa
a
a s
a aa s
a aa 2 asaalsala s
a aa s
a aa l
s a a s
a a a a s
a aa s a a
∠i = 40
= 1450 m
oo According to laws of reflection, t
o
et et 3. alaA
t
e.source
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frequency
e.N e.Nt et e.Nt et e et et et
a lsaai.lN
ai.N s s a
i.lN
a i
s a ls
aa
i .lN
a i
s a ls
aa
i .lN
ai
s a l
s
aa
i .lN
a i Angle s of
a l
s
ai
a l
N
incidence
. ai ∠ i s a lsaa
i.lN
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ai.N ngle of s a lsaai.lN
ai.N
PaPdad 500 Hz, Pis aPdmoving towards
PaPdada static listener
ada PaPdad PaPdad PaPdad PaPdad∠r
reflection PaPda
with a velocity of 30 ms . The speed of the –1
∠i = 40o
ab
et et sound e et t is 330 ms –1
. What
e et t will be the frequency
t
e e t e et t e et t et eto et et
lsaai.lN
ai.N lsaai.lN
ai.N lsaai.lNai.N lsaai.lNai.N lsaai.lNai.N lsaai.lNai.N ∠r sala=ai.lN 40
ai.N lsaai.lN
ai.N
a
a a a heard by listener?
s a s
a a a (7 Marks) s
a aa [PTA-2]sa
a a a sa
aPdaao da s s
a a a a
PaPdad PaPdad PaPdad PaPdad adareflection =P40
PaPdof
Angle PaPdad PaPda
Ans. When the source is moving towards the
stationary listener, the expression for apparent
et et frequency
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t
is alai.lN et et .NeNet
t
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t
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t t
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t
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a lsaai.lN
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asasa alai lai.
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alai lai.
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 v  QUESTIONS & ANSWERS
n' =  n
t et v − vs 
et et e et et et et et et et et et et et et
lsaai.lN
ai.N . N
lsaai lai. N lsaai.lN
ai.N lsaai.lN
ai.N lsaai.lN
ai.N lsaai.lN
ai.N lsaai.lN
ai.N lsaai.lN
ai.N
a
a s
PaPdad
a
a a
 330
s
a a
PaPdad 
a s
a a
PaPdad
a s
a a
PaPdad
a s
a a
PaPdad
a 7 marks s
a a
PaPdad
a s
a a
PaPdad
a a
PaPda
.s
n' =  × = 550 Hz
 330 − 30 
500
1. A source of sound is moving with a velocity
et et et et et t et et et etof 50 ms–1 etowards
t et a lstationary
et et listener. et et
a lsaai.lN
ai.N 4. a i.lN
lsaaAt ai.Nwhat speed a lsaai.lN i.Ne
ashould a lsaai.lN
source
a ai.Nof sound a lsaai.lN
ai.N a lsaai.lN
ai.N a aai.lN
ai.N a lsaai.lN
ai.N
a s
a a
PaPdad
s
a a
PaPdad
s
a a
PaPdad
s
a a
PaPdad ThePaPdlistener
a s
ada measures
PaPdad the frequency
s
a a s a a of
PaPdad
s a
PaPda
w
move away from a stationary observer so the source as 1000 Hz. What will be the
thatt observer findst the apparent frequency
et et e et e et et et et etapparent frequency et et of the source et et when it iset et
a lsaai.lN
ai.N a lsaaequal
ai.N to halfsof
i.lN a lsaaithe
.lNai.Noriginal sfrequency?a lsaai.lNai.N a lsaai.lNai.N movingsaaway lsaai.lN
ai.Nfrom the slistener
a lsaai.lN
ai.N after crossing lsaai.lN
ai.N
a d s
ada d ada d ada d s
ada d ada d ada d adsaa a
a
a a
(7 Marks) [PTA-5] a a a a PaPda
w
P Pa P Pa P Pa P Pa P Pa Pa P Pa
him? (Velocity of Psound in the medium is
Ans. When the source is moving away from the 330 ms–1). [GMQP-2019]
lsaastationary listener, ai.N the expression ai.N for thesalsaai.lN
a lsaai.lN
ai.N s a i.lN
ai.N s a lsaai.lN s a lsaai.lN ai.N Solution s a lsaai.lN
ai.N s a lsaai.lN
ai.N s a lsaai.lN
ai.N
PaPdad apparent Pfrequency is
a a a aPdaada a a a a a a a a a a a
w
When the source is moving towards the

 v  stationaryt listener, the t expression for t
et et e t et n' = e.vNt e+t v  ⋅ n e.Nt et e.Nt et eNet e et e et
a lsaai.lN
ai.N s a l aa
i.l
N
a i . N
s a l aa
i .
l
Na i s s a l aa
i.l
N
a i
s a l aa
i .
l
N
a i apparent
s a ai.frequency
lsaai.lN isalaai.lN
s ai.N s a lsaai.lN
ai.N
a a a s adaada s adaada s a a s a a da a s a a a
PaPdad PaPdad PaPdad  v PaPad PaPdad PaPda
nP P  v P P 
=  v + v  ⋅ n n′ =  n ;
2 s  v − vs 
et et e et t t
e e t e et t e et t t
e e t et et et et
alsaai.lN
ai.N s a lsaai.lNai.N v = s a lsaai.lNavi.N s a lsaai.lNai.N s alsaai.lN ai.N s a lsaai.lN
ai.N s a lsaai.lN
ai.N sa lsaai.lNai.N
a adada
P Pa s adada
P Pa P Pa adada P Pa adada P Paadada adada
P Pa adada
P Pa
a
PaPda
126
lsaai.lN
ai.N lsaai.lN
ai.N lsaai.lN
ai.N lsaai.lN
ai.N lsaai.lN
ai.N lsaai.lN
ai.N lsaai.lN
ai.N lsaai.lN
ai.N
8124201000
a s
a aa s
a aa s
a aa sa
a a s
a aa s a s a
a
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a
PaPda
et et t
t
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a
a
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ai.N
asasa asasa s
a aa lsaai.lN
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a aalsaai.lN
alai lai.
a lsaai.lN
ai.N s a lsaai.lN
ai.N s a lsaai.lN
ai.N s alsaai.lN
ai.N s a lsaai.lN
ai.N s a lsaai.lN
ai.N sa lsaai.lN
ai.N s a lsaai.lN
ai.N
a
PaPdad
➠ PaPdad
et et To ifind et e:t Apparenti.frequency

et et n =? i.NeNt et 5. eAt t 10º C, how N fort away is a reflecting e.Nt et
surface et et
lsaai.lN lsaa.lN lsaalN .lN Net .laie.Net .lN lsaai.lN
ai.N ai.N ai.N sa if you ahear saan echo in ads0.274s? (Speed of ai.N
a a a la lai. l a i a i . l a i l a i a i
a s
a a s
a a asaasa adsa
a adsa
a a
a sa adsa
a a
PaPdad Solution PaPdad PaPdad a d
P Pa d
soundPinPaair at 0°C is 331.3
a d
P Pa ms–1.) a d
P Pa PaPda
 v 
n' t =t  n Solution
et et t t e e e.Ne  v − v  i.Ne.Nt et et et et et et et et et
lsaai.lN
ai.N lsaai.lN
ai.N la i .lN
a i S
ala lai lsaai.lN
ai.N lsaai.lN
ai.N lsaai.lN
ai.N lsaai.lN
ai.N
a
a d adsa
a asasa a asasa s
a aa Temperature,
s
a aa T a=daa10º
s a C
a s
a aa a
m
a
P Pa  340  PP d
=  × 600 Time, t = 0.274 s
340 − 30  et et Distance,
et et et et et et et et et et D = ? i.Ne.Nt et t t
i.Ne.Ne
lsaai.lN
ai.N lsaai.lNai.N lsaai.lN ai.N lsaai.lNai.N lsaai.lN
ai.N lsaai.lNai.N lsaalai –1 salsaalai
a s a s a 340 s a
s a s aVelocity, v = (v
s a + 0.61T) ms
Unit 5- Acoustics
PaPdad PaPdad = PaPd´ ad600 PaPdad PaPdad PaPdad 0 PaPdad PaPda
o
310 v = [331.3 + 0.61 × 10]
Apparent frequency n′ t =t 658 Hz = 331.3 +6.1
et et e.Nt et e e et et et et et et e.Nt et et et
lsaai.lN .lN lsaai.lN lsaai.lN lsaai.lN lsaai.lN lsaai.lN lsaai.lN
.c
a ai.N a l a i ai a ai.N a ai.N a ai.N a ai.N v = 337.4 a aims –1 a ai.N
PaPdadA boy hears PaPdtwo
ada differentPasounds when PaaPdaada
s a s s s s s s
a 3. a a s a da a
Pad
a a
PaPdad
a a
PaPdad
a a
PaPdad
a
PaPda
race car is moving toward and moving away. Distance, D = v × t
If the e.Nt espeed of sound e.Nt et in air is i.340 e.Nt etms . et et D = 337.4 ×
e.Nt 0.274
–1
et et t et et et et et
lsaai.lN
ai.N i .lN i .lN N lsaai.lN
ai.N lsaai.lNai.N D = 92.45 lsaai.lN lsaai.lN
ai.N
ks
l a i l a i l a i aim
a a l a
PaPdadThe frequency PaPdaemitted by Pthe
aPdaacar
da is 800 Hz
a
a s
a aa s a s
ada a s a s a s a s
a aa s
a aa s
a aa s
a a a a
and the car velocity is 120 ms . Find the –1 Distance due to
frequency e.Nt et heard by the
e.Nt et boy? (when the
t et car e.Nt et reflectingi.Nsurface
distance et et= 46.2 m i.Ne.Nt et
et et e.N e.Nt et =
lsaai.lN
ai.N i .lN i i .lN i i .lN i i.lN i i .lN
lsaai2 ai.N i
PHYSICS
a a l a a a l a a a l a a a l a a a l a l a a salaala
adadmoving forward).
s s a s s a s s a s s a s s a s
a
P Pa
a adada
P Pa adada
P Pa
ooadada
P Pa adada P Pa adada P Pa adadas P Pa
a
PaPda
Given Higher Order Thinking Skills
et et Frequency et et g car’s distance, et et n = 800i.Hz et et et et (HOTS)
et et et et et et
a lsaai.lN
ai.N s a lsaai.lN
ai.N s a lsaai.lN
ai.N s a lsaalN
ai.N–1 s a lsalaai.Ni.N s ai.Ni.N
a lsala ai.Ni.N
s a lsala s a lsaai.lN
ai.N
PaPdadof source, vS P=
Velocity aPdaad120
a a a a a a ms a a a a aPdaada a a a
PaPdad PaPdad1. PaPdadis the mostPfundamental
Frequency PaPdad
property PaPda
Velocity of sound, v = 340 ms –1
of waves. Why?
ab
et et To lsaaifind
et et et t et et Ans. When
t et soundlatravels et et from one medium et et to other i.Ne.Nt et
ai.N : Frequency aemitted by the ai.Nn' = ?
lsacar,
e
a lsaai.lN
ai.N a
.lN
a lsaai.lNi.Ne a i.lN a lsaai.lN
ai.N a i.lN
ai.N alsaai.lN
ai.N la lai
a
its wavelength a
and velocity asaasa
PaPdad may change, PaPdadbut
a s
a a s
a a s
a a s
a a s
a a s s
a a a
Solution frequency does not change. So frequency is
 v 
  × net et fundamental property
et et Apparent et et frequency,i.N n'et e=t 
 v − vSalai.lN e t et et et of waves.i.Ne.Nt et et et
a lsaai.lN
ai.N sa lsaai.lN ai.N s a lsaalai.N s a ai.N s a lsaai.lN ai.N s a lsaai.lN ai.N s a lsaalai s a lsaai.lN
ai.N
ur
a
PaPdad
a a
PaPdad
a a
PaPdad
a a s a a
PaPdad2. Why longitudinal
PaPdad
a a waves
PaPdaare
ada called pressure
PaPdad
a a a
PaPda
340
= × 800 waves?
340 -120 t t Longitudinal waves
et et e et t e et t e e Ans. e t t
.Ne et et travels in i.aNe.medium t et as a .NeNt et
lsaai.lN
ai.N lsaai.lNai.N lsaai.lN ai.N lsaai.lN ai.N lsaai.lN aiseries lsaai.lN ai.Ncompression lsaalai N lai lai.
a s
a a a s
a a a 340 s a s a of alternate
s a s a and rarefactions
asa asa
a
PaPdad PaPdad = PaPdaa×da80 PaPdad
a a
PaPdad
a a a a
PaPdad PaPdad
a
PaPda
.s
220 i.e., they travel as variations in pressure. So they

are called pressuret waves.
et et Apparent e.Nt et frequency,i.n′ e.Nt e=t 123.6 Hzi.Ne.Nt et e.Nt et e et et et et et
lsaai.lN
ai.N l a i .lN
a i l a l
N
a i l a l a i l a i .l
Na i lsaai.lN ai.N lsaai.lNai.N lsaai.lN
ai.N
a
a s
a a a s a
PaPdadFind the speed
4.
s
a a a s a
PaPdad of sound Pin
s
aPdaaair
a s a
da at 23º C. PaPdad3.
s
a a a s a What Padoes da a cause the
Pad
s a
PaPdadrolling sound
s
a aa
PaPdad of
s
a a a a
PaPda
w
(Consider the speed of sound in air at 0°C is thunder?

Ans. eThe t sudden increase in pressure and temperature et t
et et 331.3 ms
e.Nt et –1) e.Nt et e.Nt et Net e.Nt et e.Nt et e
lsaai.lN
ai.N .lN .lN .lN .lN
sa from lightning
.lN
sa producesarapid
.lN
saexpansionaof lsaai.lN
ai.N
adsthe
a l a i a i l a i a i l a i a i l a i a i . l a i a i l a i ai
a adsaa sa adsaa sa adsaa sa adsaa adsaa adsaa a
a a
P Pa Solution P Pa
a d a d a d a d a d d d PaPda
w
P Pa P Pa P Pa
air surrounding and within P Paa bolt of lightning. P Pa In
Air temperature = 23°C turn, this expansion of air creates a sonic shock
et et t et t et t et –1 t t et et et et produces i.Ne.Nt et
lsaai laiwave, similar lsaato aia.Nsonic boom, lsaai.lwhich
e e e e.Ne
a lsaai.lN
ai.N Velocity
s a lsaai lai.of sound insaair,
. N N lsaai lavis. = (331.3 s+als0.61T)
. N N aai lai. ms
. N N
s a
. N
s a i.lN
s a
N
ai.N salaala
i
a aPdaada aPdaada aPdaada aPdaada the aPdaaof
sound dathunder. PaPdaada aPdaadas a
PaPda
w
= 331.3 + (0.61 × 23)

P P P P P P
= 331.3 + (14.03) 4. Two astronauts at the surface of the moon
et et e.Nt et e.Nt et e.Nt et e.Nt et et t et et et et
a lsaai.lN
ai.N s a ls
aa
i .lN
a i
s a ls
aa
i .lvN
aS
i = 345.33 s ms
a ls
aa
i .l–1
Na i
s a lsaai.lNaicannot talk s ato
lsaai.lN aeach
i.Ne other. Why?
ai.N
a a a a a a a a a aPdaadarequires material a a a a
PaPdad PaPdad PaPdad PaPdadAns. SoundPwave PaPdad medium for ada
PaPdtheir PaPda
propagation. As there is no atmosphere on the
et et e et t e et t e et t moon,
e t et the sound ewave
t et cannot propagate et et on theai.Nie.Nt et
alsaai.lN
ai.N a lsaai.lNai.N a lsaai.lN ai.N a lsaai.lN ai.N alsaai.lN ai.N a lsaai.lN ai.N a lsaai.lNai.N l la
a s
a a s
a a s
a a s
a a moon.PaPdaada s s
a a asa asa a
141
lsaai.lN
ai.N lsaai.lN
ai.N lsaai.lN
ai.N lsaai.lN
ai.N lsaai.lN
ai.N lsaai.lN
ai.N lsaai.lN
ai.N lsaai.lN
ai.N
8124201000
a s
a aa s
a aa s
a aa sa
a a s
a aa s a s a
a
PaPdad
a
PaPda
et et t
t
.NeNet
t
a
a
lsaai.lN
ai.N
asasaThis
ai.N
asasa asasa s
a aa lsaai.lN
ai.N s
a aalsaai.lN
alai lai.
a lsaai.lN
ai.N s a lsaai.lN
ai.N s a lsaai.lN
ai.N s alsaai.lN
ai.N s a lsaai.lN
ai.N s a lsaai.lN
ai.N sa lsaai.lN
ai.N s a lsaai.lN
ai.N
a
➠ X Std Science
3. (i) t eIn the nucleartreaction given below, the t e(vi) Radio iron t et is (Fe ) is Nused
59
to diagnoseet t
et et e t e e t e t et e t e e.Nt et N e
a lsaai.lN
ai.N l
a la i . N
a i . N nucleus Xla
a lchanges
i . N
a i. N to nucleus
l
a la i . N
a i . Y.
N [PTA-5] l
a la i . N
a i . N
anemia
l a i . N
a i . N
a l and treatment a for
l a i .
l the same. asalsaai.lai.N
a i
a ad
PaP dasasa
PaPad dasasa dasasa
a ad dasasa
PaPad dasasa a d dasasa a d d a a d a
PaPda
X226 Y + 2HeP4 +Penergy Pa
(vii)P Radio P Pa (P32) is used
phosphorous P Pa in the
88
What are the atomic number and mass treatment of skin diseases.
et et et et et et
t t et et et et (Co60) and e.Nt et gold (Aui.79 et et
ai.N (viii) Radio lsaai.cobalt airadio ai).N
e e
a lsaai.lN
ai.N a lsaai.lnumber
N
ai.N of Y?a lsaai.lN
ai.N lsaai.lN
ai.N lsaai.lN l
Nai.N lsaai.lN lsaalN
s s adsa s a s a s a s a
Paare
Padused in the treatment of skinPcancer.
a a a a a a a a da a a a aPdaada a
PaPdad PaPdad d PaPdad PaPdad PaPda
m
Unit 6- Nuclear Physics
a
P P4a
Ans. 88
X226 86
Y222 + 2He + energy (ix) Radiations are used to sterilize the surgical
et et Mass
Net et Number = 222
Net et et et et et devices.NtoeNt kill
et the germsi.Nand et etmicrobes. i.Ne.Nt et
lsaai.lN
ai.N lsaai.lai.N lsaai.lai.N lsaai.lN
ai.N lsaai.lN
ai.N lsaai lai. lsaalai.N la ai
a
a d adsa
a Atomic dadsa
Number a = 86 s
a aa s
a aa a s a a a s a a asasal a a
a a PaPdad PaPdad PaPdad PaPdad PaPdad PaPda
o
P Pa P Pa
(ii) Calculate the amount of energy released GOVERNMENT EXAM
lsaai.lN
et et N e when
t et
a radioactive N e t et
substance N eundergoes
t et N e t et
QUESTIONS lsaai.lN
et et
& ANSWERS
lsaai.lN
et et
lsaai.lN
et et
.c
ai.N .
lsaai lai. N .
lsaai lai. N .
lsaai lai. N .
lsaai lai. N ai.N ai.N ai.N
a a a
PaPdad fusion
PaPdaand
ada resultsPain Pad a mass defect
da a a a
PaPdad
a a
PaPdad
a a
PaPdad
a a
PaPdad
a
PaPda
of 1 kg.
et et Mass e etdefect in the
t reaction
et et (m) = 1.Nkg et et et et et et1 mark i.Ne.Nt et et et
lsaai.lN
ai.N lsaai la8i.N –1 lsaai.lN
ai.N lsaai.lN
ai.N lsaai.lN
ai.N
ks
lsaalai
a
a s
a aa Velocity of light
s
a aa (c) = 3s
a a×a 10 ms s
a aa s
a aa a s
ada
a s
da a
a a
PaPdad PaPdad PaPdad PaPdad 1. ______
PaPdad element PaPdemits its Paradiation
Pad PaPda
By Einstein’s equation,
spontaneously [GMQP-2019]
Energy released E = mc2
et et t
e e t t
e e t t t
e e 8 2 e e(a) Ni
t t t
e e t (b) e Pd
t e t et et
lsaai.lN
ai.N i.lN
lsaaSo ai.N lsaai.lN
ai.N E = 1s× i.lN
lsa(3 a×i.N10 ) lsaai.lN
ai.N lsaai.lN
ai.N
PHYSICS
a s a s a a a s a s a s a s a
a a a
PaPdad
a a
PaPdad
ada
P=aPda0.9 adada (c) PaPt
da a
Pad PaPdad (d) U PAns.
a a aPdaada(d) U a
PaPda
× 1017 J P Pa
Give
oo 4 marks et et
et et 4. e.Nt etthe uses ofi.radio e.Nt et isotopes in e.industries.
t et e.Nt et e.Nt et et et
lsaai.lN
ai.N sa
l a i .lN
a i l a N
a i l ai . N
ai N la i . N
a i l ai .Nai lsaai.lN
ai.N lsaai.lN
ai.N
a adsa adsa sal adsa sal [PTA-4]adsa l
Write sa
athesalfeatures aof adsa
Nuclear fission
a
PaPdad and
a d a d a d a d a sa1. d a d a s
a a a
a
P Pa a
P Pa a
P Pa a
P Pa a
P Pa d P Pa PaPda
Ans. (i) In industries, radioactive isotopes are used Nuclear fusion. [PTA-6; GMQP-2019]
as tracers to tdetect any manufacturing
ab
et et e et t e e t t
e e t t
e e t e et t et et et et
a lsaai.lN
ai.N a lsaai.lNai.N defects such a lsaai.las
Nai.Ncracks andsaleaks.
lsaai.lN ai.N a lsaai.lNai.N a lsaai.lNai.N a lsaai.lNai.N NUCLEAR a lsaai.lN
ai.N
PaPdaNUCLEAR FISSION
a s
a a s
a a a s
a a s
ada s
a a s
a a a
PaPdad (ii) Packaging PaPdad faults can ada be identified
PaPdalso PaPdad PaPdad PaPdad
FUSION PaPda
through radio activity. 1. The process of Nuclear
et et (iii) e t eGauges
t which e.have
t et radioactive sources
t et
e.N are lai.Nie.Nt et e.Nt et e.Nt et et et
a lsaai.lN
ai.N a l aa
i .
l
N
a i . N
a l aa
i .
l
N
ai N
a l aa
i .
l
N
a i a a l a breaking
a l aa
i .
l
N
a i up a l aa
i .
l
N
ai fusion is the a lsaai.lN
ai.N
s usedPain
Pamany
s industries atoa check the level
s s s s s
ur
a a a s dada s s a a s a s aPdaada s a a a
PaPdad PaPdad PaPdad ada
PaPd(splitting) of aPheavy PaPdad
combination PaPda
of gases, liquids and solids. nucleus into two of two lighter
lsaai.lN
et et
lsaai.lN
et et
lsaai.lN
et et
lsaai.lN
et et
lsaai.lN
et et smallerlsaai.lN
enuclei
t et is lsaai.lN
enuclei
t et to form a ie.Nt et
lsaai.lN
ai.N ai.N ai.N ai.N ai.N ai.N ai.N a
PaPdad 7 marksPaPdad
a a a a a a a a
PaPdcalled ‘nuclearPafission’
Pad . heavierPanucleus.
a s
a a s
a a s
a a s
a a a s s
da a s
da a a
PaPdad PaPdad ada Pad PaPda
.s
1. Explain the uses of radio isotopes in 2. Can be performed at Extremely high

roomi.Ntemperature etemperature
lsaamedicine field.
et et et et et et et et et et et et t et et et
lsaai.lN
ai.N i.lNai.N lsaai.lN
ai.N lsaai.lNai.N [PTA-2]salsaai.lN ai.N lsaalai.N lsaai.lNai.N lsaai.lN
ai.N
a
a a s a
ada (i) Medical
PaPdAns.
s
a aa
PaPdad applications
a
PaPdof
s a
ada radio isotopes
a a
PaPdad
s
a a
PaPdad
a
PaPdad
s
a aa and pressure a a is
PaPdad
s a a
PaPda
w
can be divided into two parts i) Diagnosis needed.

et et e eii)
t t Therapy Radio. et et et et et et 3. Alpha, ebeta
t et and eAlpha
t rays, .Net et
lsaai.lN
ai.N lsaai.lN
ai.N lsaai.lN
ai.N lsaai.lN ai.N lsaai.lN Net
ai.positrons, lsaai lai.N
a
a s
a a a (ii) Isotopes s
a aare
a used as tracers
s
a a a to diagnose s
a aa gamma
s
adaa radiations sare
adaa aand
saa a
PaPdad PaPdad PaPdad PaPdad a d a d ad d PaPda
w
P Pa P Pa P Pa
the nature of blood circulatory disorders, emitted. neutrinos are
defects of bone metabolism, t to locate emitted.
et et e.Nt et e.Nt et e et et et e.Nt et e.Nt et et et
a lsaai.lN
ai.N s
a a a ls
aa
i.lNa i tumors, etc.
s a ls
aa
i.lN
a i
s a lsaai.lN
ai.N s a lsaai.lN
ai.N 4. dFission
s a l s
aa
i .lN
a i leads to s a ls
aa
i .lN
a i Only light and
s a lsaai.lN
ai.N
a
PaPdad (iii) Some da a a a
PaPdad which arePused aPdaada a a
PaPdad
a a a a
PaPdad
a
PaPda
ofadthe radio isotopes PaPad
w
PaP
emission of gamma heat energy is
as tracers are: hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen, radiation. This emitted.
et et e t esulphur,
t etc. et et et et et et e.Nt et e.Nt et et et
a lsaai.lN
ai.N a
. N
lsaai lai. N
a lsaai.lN
ai.N 24 a lsaai.lN
ai.N a lsaai.lN
ai.N triggers
a l aa
i .lN
a i the mutation a l aa
i.lNai a lsaai.lN
ai.N
PaPdad (iv) Radio PaPsodium (Na ) is Paused
Pad for the effective
s
a a s
daada s
da a s
a a a s s s s s
a
PaPdad adathe human Pgene
PaPdin aPdaada a a
PaPdad
a
PaPda
functioning of heart. and causes genetic
et et (v)et eRadio t - Iodinee(I t et ) is used to cure
131
et et goiter. et et transform et etdiseases. i.Ne.Nt et et et
alsaai.lN
ai.N lsaai.lN
ai.N lsaai.lN
ai.N lsaai.lN
ai.N lsaai.lN
ai.N l laai.Ni.N l la a i l la ai.Ni.N
a d adsa
a d adsa
a d adsa
a d adsa
a asaasa asaasa asaasa a
a
P Pa a
P Pa a
P Pa a
152
lsaai.lN
ai.N lsaai.lN
ai.N lsaai.lN
ai.N lsaai.lN
ai.N lsaai.lN
ai.N lsaai.lN
ai.N lsaai.lN
ai.N lsaai.lN
ai.N
8124201000
a s
a aa s
a aa s
a aa sa
a a s
a aa s a s a
a
PaPdad
a
PaPda
et et t
t
.NeNet
t
a
a
lsaai.lN
ai.N This
www.Padasalai.Net
asasa
ai.N
asasa asasa s
a aa lsaai.lN
ai.N s
a aalsaai.lN
alai lai.
a lsaai.lN
ai.N s a lsaai.lN
ai.N s a lsaai.lN
ai.N s alsaai.lN
ai.N s a lsaai.lN
ai.N s a lsaai.lN
ai.N sa lsaai.lN
ai.N s a lsaai.lN
ai.N
a
PaPdad
➠ PaPdad
3. What tare the precautions to be taken t et by 4. NIn t ethe equation 6tC t → 7N + –1e0 which
14 14
decay t t
et et e et e t et e e t e.Ne e.Nt et e e
a
a
lsaai.lN
ai.N people
adsa
a
l a
sal
i . N
a i . N working in
adsa
a
la
salradiation
i . N
a i. N labs?
adsa
a
l a
sal
i . N
a i . N
adsa
a
l a
sal
i . a iof
. N radioactive
adsa
a
l a
sal
i . carbon–14
N
a i results
adsa
a
l a
sal
i . N
a i in the new
adsa
a
lsaai.lN
ai.N
a
d d d d d d d PaPda
a
P Pa (i) Radioactive
Ans. a
P Pa materials should a
P Pa be kept PinPa a
nitrogen P Pa– 14 atom? P Pa
a a a
P Pa
thick walled lead container. Ans. Beta decay.
lsaai.lN
et et
ai.N
(ii)lai.N Lead
e.Nt et coated aprons . N e t eand
N t lead gloves . N e t should
N e t
lsaai.lN
e.Nt et
aiIf lsaai.lN
et et
lsaai.lN
ai.–N 150 undergoes
et et
lsaai.lN
ai.N throughsaα
et et
ai.N
a sa a l ai s a lsaai lai. s a lsaai lai. 5.
s a Gadolinium
s a s a
a da a s be usedPaPwhile
da a workingPaPwith
da a hazardous da a da a da a da a a
PaPda
m Unit 6- Nuclear Physics

PaPad ad ad PaPad PaPad PaPad aPad
- decay what is the new atomic massPof the
radioactive materials.
resulting element?
et et (iii) Avoid et t eating while et et handling radioactiveet et e.Nt e150
t e4t et et et et et
a lsaai.lN
ai.N s a lsaai.lN i.Ne
amaterials. s a lsaai.lNai.N s alsaai.lNai.N s
Ans.
a aiGa
lsaai.lN → X146 a+laa2iHe
s s
.lN
ai.N s a lsaai.lN
ai.N s a lsaai.lN
ai.N
PaPdad PaPdad PaPdad Padad New atomic PaPdad number – 146. PaPdad PaPdad PaPda
o
(iv) The radioactive materials should be handledP
only by tongs or by a remote control process. 6. Balance the following equation.
et et et t et et et et eNt 14
et et et et et et et
lsaai.lN (v) .lNDosimeters
i.Ne should ai.Nbe worn by
lsaai.lN lsathe
i.lN users to salaai.lN lsaai.lN lsaai.lN lsaai.lN
.c
a ai.N s a ls
aa
i a s a s a a ai.N s ai.C → e0
+s ?
a ai.N s a ai.N s a ai.N
a a a a a a a a 6 –1 a a a a a a a
PaPdad check the ada of radiation.
PaPdlevel PaPdad PaPdadAns. C14 → PaePd0 a+d N14 PaPdad PaPdad PaPda
6 –1 7
7. Which type of Nradiation requires et thick layers Net et

et et
Numerical e ett e et t et et e.Nt et et t t
lsaai.lN
ai.N ai.N problems
lsaai.lN lsaai.lN
ai.N lsaai.lN
ai.N lsaai.lN i.Ne
lsaai.lalead aai.lNi.Ne lsaai.lai.N
ks
a a a a a aiof concrete aor in order a lsto abe stopped?
a a s a a s a s
a a s
ada s
ada s
ada adsa
a a
PaPdad aPdad PaPdad a d
P Pa a d
P Pa a d
P Pa a
P Pad PaPda
1. Determine P the energy produced in the Ans. Gamma rays.
fission reaction whose mass difference is
et et 3.251
t et –28
e× 10 kg. alaai.lN et et et et 8. i.NSolveet et this equation et et for α - decay. et et et et
lsaai.lN
ai.N lsaai.lN
ai.N ai.N lsaai.lN
ai.N lsaalai.N 226 lsaai.lN
ai.N lsaai.lN
ai.N lsaai.lN
ai.N
PHYSICS
a
a sa
a a
PaPdad Given
s
a a
PaPdad
s s
a a
PaPdad
a s
a a
PaPdad
a Ra P→aRn
da a+ .........
s a s
a a
PaPdad
a s
a a
PaPdad
a a
PaPda
88 Pad
Mass edefect = Difference in actual

oo
Ans. Ra226 → Rn222 + He4 88 86 2
et et t et et et et et mass 9. i.NSolve et et this equation et et for β - decay. et et et et

a lsaai.lN
ai.N a lsaai.lN
ai.N a i.lN
lsaand
a ai.Nmass of the a aai.lN
ai.N
lsproduct a lsaalai.N 60 a lsaai.lN
ai.N a lsaai.lN
ai.N a lsaai.lN
ai.N
a s
a a
PaPdad PaPdad
s
a a
PaPdad
s
a a s
a a
PaPdad 27
Co →PaNi Pad+
s
da a s
a a
PaPdad
s
a a
PaPdad
a
PaPda
∆m =3.251 × 10–28 kg Ans. 27Co → 28Ni + –1e
60 60 0
Velocity of light, c = 3 × 10 ms
ab
8 –1
et et t t t e.Nt et et et et et et et
aiWhich unitalais aai.Nmeasure sof lsaaianai.Nindividual's
e e t e e t e e t 10.
a lsaai.lN
ai.N s a lsaai.lN
ai.N s a lsaai.lN
ai.N s a lsaai.lN
ai.N s a lsaai.lN s s a
i.lN a
.lN
s a lsaai.lN
ai.N
a a a
PaPdadTo find : Energy,
a a
PaPdad E = ∆mc2 =
a a
Pa?Pdad
a a
PaPdad exposure PaPdato
ada
gamma radiation? a a
PaPdad
a a
PaPdad
a
PaPda
Ans. Roentgen
Solution
et et t
e e t t
e.Ne t t
e e t e.Nt et et et et et et et
a lsaai.lN
ai.N sEa
N
lsaai.l=
ai.N3.251 × 10sa–28 .lN
lsaai× ai(3 × 10 )
8 2
s a lsaai.lN
ai.N s11.
a aiConvert
lsaai.lN 1Bq
s a lsaainto
ai.N curie. salsaai.lN
i.lN ai.N s a lsaai.lN
ai.N
ur
a a a a a a a a a da a a a a a a
PaPdad PaPdad PaPdad PaPdadAns. 1 BqPa=Padone disintegration PaPdad per secondPaPdad PaPda
E = 2.93 × 10–11 J
1 curie = 3.7 × 1010 disintegration per second
et et 2. If 50 eg ewas the loss
t t in
e emass as a result
t t e e of a
t t et et (Bq) et et et et et et
lsaai.lN
ai.N lsaai.lN
ai.N lsaai.lN
ai.N lsaai.lN
ai.N lsaai.lN
ai.N lsaai.lN
ai.N
PaPdadgissionablePa rPdaa×dan, how much PaPdad energy was
a
a s
a aa s a s
a a a s
a aa s
a a a s
a aa s
a aa a
PaPdad PaPdad 1 PaPdad PaPdad PaPda
.s
released? ∴ 1 Bq = curie
3.7 ´1010
et et Ans. Loss in t mass,
t m = 50 g t =t 0.05 kg t t t t t t t t
i.Ne.Ne i.Ne.Ne e e
i.Nie.Ne = s2.703 .NeNet –11 .NeNet i.Nie.Ne
a
a
lsaai.lN
ai.N salaalai Energy, E =
a as salamc
a as alai2 = 0.05 × 3sa×laa10
a as
i.lN
ai8.N salaala
a as alaai lai.× 10 ci salaai lai.
a as a as salaala
a as a
w
Energy, E = 4.5 × 10 J 15
12. Complete the following fission reactions:
et et 3. Iflathe eloss
t et in mass during et et a fission reaction et et is (a)
et et U235 + 0n Ne38Sr + Xe +i.3
i.Nie.→
1 t t 90
Ni0e.n
t1
Net et et
a lsaai.lN
ai.N a i.lN
ai.N a lsaai.lN
ai.N a lsaai.lN
ai.N a lsaai.lN
ai.N 92 la la la la lsaai.lN
ai.N
asa asa a
PaPdad0.20 g, how PaPdmuch energyPaPwill
daada have been
a s
a a s a a s s s
a a asa 1 asa s
a a a
ada PaPdad (b) aPd235
PU ad+ n → Tc PaPd+adln + 5 n1
107 PaPdad PaPda
w
produced? 92 0 43 0
Given Ans. (a) 92

U235 + 0n1 →t38Sr90 + 54Xe143 + 3t 0n1
et et et et et et et et t e et i.Nie.Ne
t e et et et
lsaai.lN
ai.N lsaai.lN
ai.N lsaai.lN
ai.N lsaai.lN
ai.N lsaai.lN
ai.N 235asalsaa1la
i.lN
lsa124 ai.N 1 lsaai.lN
ai.N
a
a s
PaPdad
a
a Loss
a in mass,Pamdaa=da0.20 g = 2 ×Pa10
s a s a
da akg
–4 s
a a
PaPdad
a (b) U dada0 + n → 43Tc + a In
107 s
PaPda49d
a
a a + 50n Padaada
s a a
PaPda
Pad
w
P 92 PaP P
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t et et et et = 1(12) + 2(16) et et et et et et
a lsaai.lN
ai.N s a lsaai.lN
ai.N
PaPdadThe atomicity PaPdaof
ada an elementadcan
P Pad be derived PaPdad = P 12aPd+aad32
a Ans.a a a a a a a = 44 a a a a a
PaPdad PaPdad PaPda
using Avogadro’s hypothesis. Let us consider the
oo Gram molecular mass of CO2 = 44g.
lsaai.lN
et et
ai.N
following
. N
lsaai lai.
e N
t et equation Net et
.
lsaai lai. N . N
lsaai lai.
e N
t et
. N e.Nt et
lsaai laiCalculate lsaai.lN
et t
i.Ne lsaai.lN
et et
ai.N in 81g sof lsaai.lN
et et
ai.N
a
a s
a aa s
adaa s
daada
a s2.
a aa sthe
a aa anumber of s
a a moles
a a aa a
PaPdad H (g) PaPdaCl
+ (g) → PaP2HCl(g) PaPdad PaPdad PaPdad PaPdad PaPda
2 2 aluminium.
1 volume + 1 volume → 2 volumes Mass
ab
et et e.Nt et e.Nt et e.Nt et Ans.i.NNumbere.Nt et of moles e.Nt=et et et et et

lsaai.lN
ai.N a i .lN i a i .lN i (By Gay a i.lN
-i Lussac a i a i . Ni i.lN
lsamassai.N lsaai.lN
ai.N
CHEMISTRY
a s
a aa ls a a s
a aa ls a a s a ls a a s a ls a l a s a ls a l a Atomic s a a s a
a
PaPdad PaPdad PaPdaada a a
PaPdad PaPdad
a a a a
PaPdad
a a
PaPdad
a
PaPda
Law) 81
= = 3 moles.
According to Avogadro’s law, 1 volumet of any 27
et et e et t eNet t e e t e et t e et t et et et et
lsaai.lN
ai.N gaslsaai.occupy
Nai.N ‘n’ number lsaai.lNai.of molecules. lsaai.lN
ai.N lsaai.lN
ai.N lsaai.lN
ai.N
a s a l s a s a s a
a 3. Calculate a the
s a number of
a a moles in a2g
s a a of
s a
ur
a a a a a a a a a a a
PaPdad PaPdad PaPdad PaPdad PaPdad PaPdad P Pdad PaPda
n + n → 2n NaOH. Mass
molecules molecules molecules. Ans. Number of moles t= t
et et e et t e et t e et t e et t e e Moleculari.Nmass et et et et
a lsaai.lN
ai.N sif
a aai.l=
lsn Nai.1Nthen s a lsaai.lNai.N s a lsaai.lN
ai.N s alsaai.lNai.N s a lsaai.lNai.N s a lsaalai.N s a lsaai.lN
ai.N
PaPdad PaPdad PaPdad PaPdad PaPdad 2PaPdada PaPdad PaPda
.s
1molecule + 1 molecule → 2 = = 0.05.

40
et et et et et et
molecules.
et et e.Nt et et et et et et et
a lsaai.lN
ai.N s a lsaai.lN
ai.N s a lsaai.lN
ai.N s alsaai.lN
ai.N 4.
s a lsaai.lN
aiFind the mass
s a lsaai.lN
of
ai.N2.5 mole sof
a i.lN
lsaaoxygen
ai.N atom. s a lsaai.lN
ai.N
PaPdad 1 PaPdad 1 PaPdad PaPdad PaPdad PaPdad PaPdad PaPda
w
molecule Mass
2 + 2 → 1 molecule Ans. Number of moles =
molecule Atomic mass
et et et et t
e et et et et et et et e.Nt et et et
a lsaai.lN
ai.N a lsaai.lN
ai.N lsaai.lN
ai.N lsaai.lN
ai.N lsaai.lN
ai.N \ lsaai.lN
Mass ai.N = Number i.lN
lsaaof aimoles × lsaai.lN
ai.N
a s
a a adsa
a s
a aa sa
a a s
a aa sa
a a a s a a
PaPdad a d PaPdad PaPdad PaPdad PaPdad ada
PaPdmass PaPda
w
(i) P Pa
1 molecule of hydrogen chloride gas is Atomic
1 = 0.5 × 16
et et made
et et up of ½ molecule et et of hydrogen et and
et et et et et et et et et
a lsaai.lN
ai.N lsaai.lN
ai.N
a a moleculeadofadchlorine
s a s a lsaai.lN
ai.N s
a aa lsaai.lN
ai.N 2 s
a aa lsaai.lN
= ai.N s
a aa lsaai.lN
ai.N 8 g. asalsaai.lNai.N
a s a lsaai.lN
ai.N
a
a a a a
w
P Pa
(ii) But 1 molecule of hydrogen chloride
et et contains
et et one atometof et
hydrogen andet 1etatom et et et et et et et et
a lsaai.lN
ai.N s a lsaai.lNi.Nchlorine
aof s a lsaai.lN
ai.N s a lsaai.lN
ai.N s a lsaai.lN
ai.N s a lsaai.lN
ai.N s a lsaai.lN
ai.N s a lsaai.lN
ai.N
1
(iii) Hence molecule of hydrogen = 1 atom
et et e t et 2 et et t t t t t t et et et et
lsaai.lN
ai.N i of
. Ni. hydrogen alaai.lN
N ai.N i.Nie.Ne i.Nie.Ne i.Nie.Ne lsaai.lN
ai.N lsaai.lN
ai.N
a
a salaala
a as s a as salaala
a as salaala a as salaala a as s
a aa sa
a a a
189
lsaai.lN
ai.N lsaai.lN
ai.N lsaai.lN
ai.N lsaai.lN
ai.N lsaai.lN
ai.N lsaai.lN
ai.N lsaai.lN
ai.N lsaai.lN
ai.N
8124201000
a s
a aa s
a aa s
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a a s
a aa s a s a
a
PaPdad
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et et t
t
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t
a
a
lsaai.lN
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asasa
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a aa lsaai.lN
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alai lai.
a lsaai.lN
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ai.N s alsaai.lN
ai.N s a lsaai.lN
ai.N s a lsaai.lN
ai.N sa lsaai.lN
ai.N s a lsaai.lN
ai.N
a lsaai.lN
ai.N s a lsaai.lN
ai.N s a lsaai.lN
ai.N s a lsaai.lN
ai.N s a lsaai.lN
ai.N s a lsaai.lN
ai.N sa lsaai.lN
ai.N s a lsaai.lN
ai.N
lsaai.lN
et et
ai.N UNIT PERIODIC
lsaai.lN
et et
ai.N lsaai.lN
et et
ai.N lsaai.lN
et et
ai.N lsaai.lN
et et
ai.N lsaai.lN
et et
ai.N lsaai.lN
et et
ai.N lsaai.lN
et et
ai.N
8
a
a sa
a a s
a aa s
a aa s
a aa s
a aa s
a aa s
a aa a
m
a lsaai.lN
et et
ai.N s
a aa lsaai.lN
et et
ai.N s
a aa
CLASSIFICATION
lsaai.lN
et et
ai.N s
a aalsaai.lN
et et
ai.N s
a aalsaai.lN
et et
ai.N s
a aa lsaai.lN
et et
ai.N s
a aa lsaai.lN
et et
ai.N s
a aa lsaai.lN
et et
ai.N
a
a
o
et et et et
OF ELEMENTS
.c
lsaai.lN
ai.N lsaai.lN
ai.N lsaai.lN
ai.N lsaai.lN
ai.N lsaai.lN
ai.N lsaai.lN
ai.N lsaai.lN
ai.N lsaai.lN
ai.N
ks
a
a sa
a a s
a aa s
a aa s
a aa s
a aa s
a aa s
a aa a
a lsaai.lN
ai.N a lsaai.lN
ai.N a lsaai.lN
ai.N a lsaai.lN
ai.N a lsaai.lN
ai.N a lsaai.lN
ai.N a lsaai.lN
ai.N a lsaai.lN
ai.N
a s
a a
PaPdad
s
a a
PaPdad
s
a a
PaPdad CONCEPTa a MAP
s
PaPdad
oo s
a a
PaPdad
s
a a
PaPdad
s
a a
PaPdad
a
PaPda
a lsaai.lN
ai.N s a lsaai.lN
ai.N s a lsaai.lN
ai.N s a lsaai.lN
ai.N s a lsaai.lN
ai.N s a lsaai.lN
ai.N s a lsaai.lN
ai.N s a lsaai.lN
ai.N
a a a a a a a Ore (Concentration a a of Ores) a a a a a a a
ab
a lsaai.lN
ai.N s a lsaai.lN
ai.N s a lsaai.lN
ai.N s alsaai.lN
ai.N sa lsaai.lN
ai.N sa lsaai.lN
ai.N s alsaai.lN
ai.N s a lsaai.lN
ai.N
PaPdad Metals of high PaPdreactivity
a a Metals ofamedium reactivity Metals
PaPdad of least reactivity
a a a a a a a a a a a a a
ada PaPdad P Pdad PaPdad PaPdad PaPda
a lsaai.lN
ai.N sa lsaai.lN
ai.N s a lsaai.lN
ai.N s a lsaai.lN
ai.N sa lsaai.lN
ai.N s a lsaai.lN
ai.N s a lsaai.lN
ai.N s a lsaai.lN
ai.N
ur
a a a daada ada a a a a a a a a
PaPdadElectrolysis of PaP
molten ore PaPdaCarbonate PaPdad
ore Sulphide ada
PaPdore PaPdadSulphide orePaPdad PaPda
a lsaai.lN
ai.N a lsaai.lN
ai.N a lsaai.lN
ai.N a lsaai.lN
ai.N alsaai.lN
ai.N a lsaai.lN
ai.N a lsaai.lN
ai.N a lsaai.lN
ai.N
a s
a a Pure metals
a a a aCalcination adada
s s Roasting s
a a a aRoasting
s s
a a a
PaPdad PaPdad PaPdad P Pa PaPdad PaPdad PaPdad PaPda
.s
a lsaai.lN
ai.N s a lsaai.lN
ai.N s a lsaai.lN
ai.N s alsaai.lN
ai.N s a lsaai.lN
ai.N s a lsaai.lN
ai.N sa lsaai.lN
ai.N s a lsaai.lN
ai.N
PaPdad PaPdad PaPdad Oxide
PaPdof
admetal PaPdad PaPdad Metal PaPdad PaPda
w
a lsaai.lN
ai.N sa lsaai.lN
ai.N s a lsaai.lN
ai.N s a lsaai.lN
ai.NReductionsto
a i.lN
ai.N
lsaametal s alsaai.lN
ai.N s lsaai.lN
ai.N
Purification
a s a lsaai.lN
ai.N
w
a lsaai.lN
ai.N s a lsaai.lN
ai.N s a lsaai.lN
ai.N s a ai.N Purification
ai.N s a lsaai.lN
ai.N s a lsaai.lN
ai.N s a lsaai.lN
ai.N
w
a lsaai.lN
ai.N s a lsaai.lN
ai.N s a lsaai.lN
ai.N s alsaai.lN
ai.N s a lsaai.lN
ai.N s a lsaai.lN
ai.N s a lsaai.lN
ai.N s a lsaai.lN
ai.N
alsaai.lN
ai.N s a lsaai.lN
ai.N s a lsaai.lN
ai.N sa lsaai.lN
ai.N s alsaai.lN
ai.N s a lsaai.lN
ai.N s a lsaai.lN
ai.N sa lsaai.lN
ai.N
lsaai.lN
ai.N lsaai.lN
ai.N lsaai.lN
ai.N lsaai.lN
ai.N lsaai.lN
ai.N lsaai.lN
ai.N lsaai.lN
ai.N lsaai.lN
ai.N
8124201000
a s
a aa s
a aa s
a aa sa
a a s
a aa s a s a
a
PaPdad
a
PaPda
et et t
t
.NeNet
t
a
a
lsaai.lN
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asasa This
www.Padasalai.Net lai.lN
asasa Samplealai.lNai.Ne
ai.N
asasa s
a aa lsaai.lN
ai.N s
a aalsaai.lN
alai lai.
a lsaai.lN
ai.N s a lsaai.lN
ai.N s a lsaai.lN
ai.N s alsaai.lN
ai.N s a lsaai.lN
ai.N s a lsaai.lN
ai.N sa lsaai.lN
ai.N s a lsaai.lN
ai.N
a
PaPdad Sura’s ➠ X Std
PaPdad Science
et et VIII. HOT
Net et Questiont : t t t t et e2
t marks .NeNt et et et
lsaai.lN
ai.N . N
i i. .NeNet i i. i.Nie.Ne i.Nie.Ne lsaai.lN
ai.N lsaai lai. lsaai.lN
ai.N
asaMetal A belongs
asa to period as3a
asand
a 1. la la la la laala group 13.salsaala
a asa asa a a s
a aa sa
da a s
a aa a
PaPdad PaPdad PaPdad PaPdad 1. PaPdadis a reddishPabrown
Copper Pad PaPdadreacts
metal, that PaPda
A in red hot condition reacts with steam to
Unit 8- Periodic Classification of Elements
form B. A with strong alkali forms C. Find with O2 at less than 1370 K to give A, a black
et et e t et e t et e t et e t etcoloured compound. et et At eat et temperature et et
a lsaai.lN
ai.N a lsaaiA,
.
l ai. B and C with
N N
a
. reactions.
N
lsaai la i. N salsaai lai. [PTA-1]salsaai lai.
. N N . N N
a lsaai.lN
ai.N a lsaai.lN
ai.N a lsaai.lN
ai.N
a a s
ada Metal A is
PaPdAns. da as a a
PaPdad
a a
PaPdad greater
PaPdadthan 1370 P
s
a a K, Copper
aPda
s
ada reacts
PaPdwith
ada O2
a s a
PaPda
m
PaAluminium.
Pad
to give B which is a red coloured compound.
2Al + 3H 2 O  → Al2 O3 + 3H 2 ↑
et et e t (eA
t) t t
i laie.Ne(B) et et et etWrite the ibalanced et et chemical et eequations
t foret et
a lsaai.lN
ai.N s a
.
l
N
ai. N
lsaaiAluminium s a
. N
lsaaAluminium oxides alsaai.lNai.N s alsaai.lN
ai.N the formations a lsaa.lNai.N of A andsaB. lsaai.lN
ai.N lsaai.lN
[PTA-4]
s a ai.N
a d ada dada dada d ada d ada d ada d ada a
a a a a a a a PaPda
o
P Pa P Pa P Pa P Pa P Pa below 1370KP P
a P Pa
2Al + 2 NaOH + 2H 2 O  → 2 NaAlO 2 + 3H 2 ↑ Ans. 2 Cu + O2 2 CuO
Sodium hydroxide Sodium meta aluminate
et et alai.lN e.Nt et (strong caustic e t et
alkali) (c)et et et eCopper
t et et (copper iII eoxide-black)
t et et et
lsaai.lN N lsaai.lN lsaai.lN lsaai.lN lsaa.lN lsaai.lN
.c
ai.N ai .
lsaai lai. N ai.N ai.N ai.N ai.N ai.N
a
a s
a a s a
PaPdad A Al PaPdad Aluminium
s
a aa s
a a
PaPdad
a s
a a
PaPdad
a
PaPdaada s a
PaPdad (A)
s
a a a s
a a
PaPdad
a a
PaPda
above 1370K
4 Cu + O2 2 Cu2O
B Al O Aluminium oxide
ai.N Copper
et et e.Nt et 2 3 et et et et et et et et (copper iI.Noxideet et – red) i.Ne.Nt et
lsaai.lN
ai.N i .lN N
lsaai.Sodium
ai.N lsaai.lN
ai.N lsaalai.N
ks
l a i la lai
a
a sa
a a s C
a a NaAlO s
a aa l meta aluminate
s
a aa s
a aa s
a aa s
a aa asaasa a
PaPdad Pa2Pdad PaPdad PaPdad (B)
2. Name the acid that renders aluminium 2. i) ‘X’ is an element the belongs to 1st group
et et et et Why? i.Ne.Nt et et et et et et et et t et et
a lsaai.lN
ai.N sa lsaaipassive.
.lNai.N s a lsaalai s
[PTA-3;
a lsaai.lNai.N Qy-2019]salsaai.lN ai.N of thes a lsmodern
aai.lN ai.N periodics a lsaai.lN i.Ne ‘X’ is aalaagas
atable s s
i.lN
ai.N
a aPdaada a a a a a daada daada a
a ada Dilute orPconcentrated
PaPdAns. nitric
PaPdacid
ada does not attack PaPdad PaPdadit’s covalent
and PaP radius value PisaP0.37A o
. PaPda
aluminium, but it renders aluminium passive due
to ethe t et formation ofNan
oo Identify and write the chemical symbol
et et et eoxide
t film oni.Nits et esurface.
t et et of ‘X’. i.Ne.Nt et et et [PTA-6] et et
a lsaai.lN
ai.N s a lsaai.lNai.N s a lsaai.lai.N s a lsaalai.N s a lsaai.lNai.N s a lsaalai s a lsaai.lNai.N s a lsaai.lN
ai.N
ada Ans. X =PHydrogen
a a a a a a a aPdaada a a a a a
ada a) Identify
PaPd3. PaPdad the bond between PaPdad H andPFaPdin PaPdad PaPdad PaPda
HF molecule. (i) Hydrogen is an element that belongs to 1st
ab
et et b) e eWhat property
t t e e forms the
t t e ebasis of i.Ne.Net
t t t group iof ethe
t et modern periodic et et table. et et
lsaai.lN
ai.N lsaai.lNai.N lsaai.lNai.N lsaai.lNai.N lsaalai lsaa.lN ai.N lsaai.lNai.N lsaai.lN
ai.N
CHEMISTRY
a
a s
a a
PaPdad
a
identification?
s
a a
PaPdad
a s
a a
PaPdad
a s
a a
PaPdad
a (ii) aHydrogen
P Pdad
s
a aa is a Pgas and
s
aPdaad a its covalent
a a radius
PaPdad
s a
a a
PaPda
c) How does the property vary in periods value is 0.37Ao.
et et
and in groups?
e.Nt et e.Nt et e.Nt et
(iii) Chemicaletsymbol
e.Nt et
of Hydrogen e.Nt et
is = H. et et
lsaai.lN
ai.N .lN .lN .lN .lN .lN Net .lN lsaai.lN
ai.N
a Ans.
s a l aa
i
a) a i Polar covalent
s a l aa
i ai bond. s a l aa
i a i
s a l aa
i a i
s a l aa
i a i .
s a l aa
i ai
s a
ur
a a a
PaPdad
s a a
PaPdad
s a a
PaPdad
s a a
PaPdad
s
ii) A
Pais
Pada metal andPbelongs
da a s aPdaada s
to Boron PaPdafamily
ada a
PaPda
b) Electronegativity difference.
in modern periodic table acts as a good
c) Along the period, from left to right in
et et e et t eNet t e et t e e reducing
t t agent.
et t It reduces etiron
et oxide into et et
a lsaai.lN
ai.N s a lsaai.lNai.N the periodic s a lsaai.lNai.table, the saelectronegativity
lsaai.lNai.N s a lsaai.lN ai.N iron. sIt
a i.lN
lsaais i.Ne
aused to make s a i.lNai.N
lsaahousehold lsaai.lN
utensils
s a ai.N
a a a a a a daada a a a a a a a
PaPdad PaPdad On moving
increases. ada a group,
PaPddown PaPthe PaPdad Padad PaPdad PaPda
.s
write the balancedP chemical equation for

electronegativity of the elements decreases. the reduction of iron oxide by ‘A’. [PTA-6]
et et et et et et et et et et A =saAluminiumet et et et et et
a lsaai.lN
ai.N a lsaai.lN
ai.N a lsaai.lN
ai.N alsaai.lN
ai.N a lsaai
.lN
ai.N lsaai.lN
ai.N a lsaai.lN
ai.N a lsaai.lN
ai.N
a s
a a s
a a s
a a s
a a da a a s s
da a a
PaPdad PaPdad PaPdad PaPdad (i) PaAluminium
Pad ada belongsPato
is PaaPdmetal PadBoron PaPda
w
family in modern periodic table.

et et et et 1.Nmark
eNt et et et et e(ii)
t Aluminium et etacts as a good etreducing
et agent. et et
lsaai.lN
ai.N lsaai.lN
ai.N lai ai. lsaai.lN
ai.N lsaai.lN
ai.N lsaai.lN
ai.N lsaai.lN
ai.N lsaai.lN
ai.N
a
a a a When
1.sa
aPsodium
sa al atom
aPdaadas loses
a a an electron
s a aita
sa (iii) aChemical
s
a aa equation afor
saa the reduction aofa iron
s a a
PaPdad PaPdad PaPdad P Pdad PaPdad PaPdad PaPda
w
forms Na ion. The radius of Na+ ion is lesser

+ oxide by Aluminium.
et et
than Na atom. This
et t
is because et t [PTA-3]
et t et et Fe2O3 +N2Al et et 2Fe +NAl et e2O
t 3 + Heat .NeNt et
e i.Ne of nucleus Ne in Na+ lai.lN
lsaai.lN
ai.N lsaai.lN
a)
a i.NThe attractive lsaai.lN
aforce .lN
lsaaiisai.more ai.N lsaai.lai.N lsaai.lai.N i i.
salaala
aAluminium reduces
aPdaadairon oxide into aPdaairon
a a a
PaPdad aPdaada aPdaada aPdaada daada das a
PaPda
w
ion than Na atom

P P P P P P P
(iv) Aluminium used to make household
b) The attractive force of nucleus is more in Na
et et et atom
et than Na+ ion et et et et et et utensils. et et et et et et
a lsaai.lN
ai.N lsaai.lN
ai.N lsaai.lN
ai.N lsaai.lN
ai.N lsaai.lN
ai.N lsaai.lN
ai.N lsaai.lN
ai.N lsaai.lN
ai.N
adsa c) Number sa
aof protons present a
adsin Na atom is adsa
less adsa adsa adsa a
a a d
P Pa
a a d
P Pa d a a
P Pad a a
P Pad a
3. (i)
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a d
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a
clues identify
a d
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the PaPda
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group number in the periodic table and
d) t Number of electrons t et present in Na
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nucleus more in Na+ ada than Na atom
PaPdion PaPdad PaPda
196
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Ans. Metallurgical process involve three main steps Al Bauxite Al2O3·2H2O Hall's
Unit 8- Periodic Classification of Elements

as follows:
e.Nt et et t et et et et et et et et eprocess
t et et et
a i .lN i (i)lsaai.lN i.Ne
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Long answers 7 marks
Sl.
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s
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s
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a modern periodic
s
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a table. s
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Ans. Features of periods :
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a a s
a a s
a a s
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oo ◆◆ Shortest period
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ab
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t t
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t
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ai.N lsaai.lN
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a
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a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
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◆◆ Contains eight elements (Sodium to
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et et et te et t
e et t e.Nt et e e et et et et
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a d adsa
a d adsa
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a a
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lsaai.lN
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ai.N lai.lN
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ai.N lsaai.lN
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unique properties. Fifth period et(Atomic number et 37
et et et t e et et et et (vi)
et et et et to 54): et et
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ai.N lsaai.lN
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s a sa
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s a s a
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s
a aa a
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et et Al i.NHaemetite
et et ePbS
t et Blasti.Nfurnace
et et et et
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t et et et
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ai.N lsaalai.N lsaai.lN
ai.N lsaalai.N lsaai.lN
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211
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et et et et et et salt et et et et et et affe g Net et et et
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a ai.N solubilitylai.lai.N lsaai.lN
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e.Nt et
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et t
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et et e e t t 50
e e t t t t t QUESTIONS
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e et et
a lsaai.lN
ai.N increases
a l ai
a
.lN
a i with the a l aa
.lN
increase
i a i in Pressure.
a l aa
i .lN
a i . N
a laa
i.lN
a i a l aa
i .lN
ai lsaai.lN
Ans.
a i.Ne Blue vitriol
a(b) a lsaai.lN
ai.N
a s
da a s s
da a s s
da a s s
da a s s
da a s s
da a s
da a a
PaPad PaPad PaPad PaPad PaPad PaPad PaPad PaPda
4. Calculate the mass toft water required

oo in
4 marks
et et e.Nt et e.Nt et e.Nt et et et et et et et
ai1.5g of solute lsaai.lis dissolvedsin lsaai15g
ai.N of watersato
e.Ne
a lsaai.lN
ai.N sgrams
a aa ls
aa
i .lN
a i to dissolve s
a aa l
s 10
aa
i .lN
a i g of sucrose s a l
s to
ai
a
.lN
aproduce
i 1.
s a lsaai.lN s a
N
ai.N a
.lN lsaai.lN
ai.N
a
PaPdadthe mass percentage PaPdad aPdaada PaPdad
a a da a
form aPasaturated
Pad solution
a a
PaPdad at 298K. Find
ada
PaPdaout
a
PaPda
of 10%Psolution. [PTA-3]
Ans. Mass of solute (Sucrose) = 10 g the solubility of the solute at the temperature.
ab
et et t
e.Ne t t
e e t e et t et et et et et et [Qy-2019] i.Ne.Nt et
lsaai.lN
ai.N Masslsaai.lNaipercentage ofalasolution
i.lNai.N = 10%salaai.lN ai.N lsaai.lNai.N lsaai.lNai.N lsaai.lNai.N ala lai
CHEMISTRY
a
a s
adaa
PaPdaLet,
s
daada s a daada s sa
daada Mass of the
s
daad
aa solute = 1.5 gada
da s a
daadsasa a
PaPda
Mass of water = x
P aP P aP P aP P aP P aP P aP
Mass of the solvent = 15 g
So, Mass of solution = x + 10
et et et et eNt et et et Solubility
et et et et = Mass ofi.N
of thei.Nsolute the
et solute
et × 100 i.Nie.Nt et
a lsaai.lN
ai.N a lsaai.lN
ai.N a lsaai.lN
ai.Mass of the lsaai.lN
solute
a ai.N a lsaai.lN
ai.N a lsaalai.N Mass aof ai.Nsolvent
lsaathe
l la la
s s s s s s asaasa
ur
a a a
PaPdad MassP%
aPdaada= a a
PaPdad ×100 a a
PaPdad
a a
PaPdad
a a
PaPdad PaPdad
a
PaPda
Mass of the solution 1.5
Solubility of the solute = × 100 = 10 g
t10
5 t
lsaai.lN
et et
ai.N lsaai.lN
et et
ai.N 10 .NeNet
a=laai lai.
× 100alai.lNaie.Nt et lsaai.lN
t
e e
ai.N
t
lsaai.lN
t
e e
ai.N
t
lsaai.lN
e et
ai.N lsaai.lN
et et
ai.N
a
a sa
a a
PaPdad
asas
PaPdad
x + 10 Padaadsasa s
a a
PaPdad
a
ADDITIONAL
s a
PaPdad QUESTIONS
a a s a
PaPdad & ANSWERS
a a s
a a
PaPdad
a a
PaPda
.s
P
x + 10 = 100 g
et et Mass of
t
Ne e t water = N90 t gt
i. e.Ne et et Ci.hooseet et the correct et et answeri.Ne.Nt et 1 mark i.Ne.Nt et
a lsaai.lN
ai.N lsaai.lai.N la lai lsaai.lN
ai.N lsaalN
ai.N lsaai.lN
ai.N ala lai ala lai
a adsa
a adsa
asa s
a aa s
a aa s
daada
a
daadsasa daadsasa a
a d
P Pa PaPda4 PaPdad PaPdad1. 40 g of Sodium Chloride in 100 g of water at
a a a PaPda
w
marks P P P P P P
25º C forms ________ solution.
1. i) Analyse the following statement t eabout
et et e t et e t et e t (a)
et etSuper saturated et et(b) Unsaturated et et et et
a lsaai.lN
ai.N a
N
lsaai lathe
. i. N formation a
N
lsaai laof
. i. solution aand
N . N
lsaai lai.explain salsaai lai.N
N . N
a lsaai.lN
ai.N a lsaai.lN
ai.N a lsaai.lN
ai.N
a s
a a
PaPdad da a
Pad
s s
aPdaada a a
PaPdad (c) Saturated s
a a
PaPdad (d)PaBoth
da a (a) and (b)Padaada
Pad
s s a
PaPda
with anPaexample. “LikePsolvents dissolve
w
P
Ans. (a) Super saturated
Like solutes.” (7 Marks) [PTA-1]
et et t et t et t et 2. 8% et t of NaCl solution et et is ________ et .et et et
lsaai la“Like solvents dissolve like solutes"
lsaai lai. is used salsaai.lN
Ans. (i) e e e
lsaai.lN
ai.N . N i. N lsaa . N
i lai. N . N N i.Ne
a(a) N
lsaai.lin
ai.N100 g of water lsaai.lN
ai.N lsaai.lN
ai.N
a
a s
a aa a s a s
a aa a a 8 g of NaCl
s
a aa s
a a a s
a aa a
PaPdad to predict ada
PaPdsolubility. PaPdad PaPdad Padad PaPdad PaPdad PaPda
w
(b) 8 g ofPNaCl in 92 g of water

(ii) It means that dissolving occurs when (c) 92 g of NaCl in 8 g of water
lsaai.lN
et et
ai.N l a i.lN
a
similarities
i
e.Nt et exist
l a i .lN
a i
ebetween
.
t
Net the lasolvent
i.lN
a i
e.Nt et and
l ai .lN
a
et t
(d)
i.Ne 92 g of NaCl lsaai.lN
e.Nt e100
aiin
t
g of water lsaai.lN
et et
ai.N lsaai.lN
et et
ai.N
a s a a
a a the solute.
s s
a a a s a s
a aa s a s
a aa s a s
a aa a s a s a
a
PaPdad PaPdad PaPdad PaPdad PaPdadAns. (b) 8 g P ada in 92 g of
ofaPdNaCl da a
Pawater
a
PaPda
Pad
(iii) For example: Common salt is a polar
et et compound
et et and.Ndissolves et et readily.Nein t etpolar et et et et et et et et
lsaai.lN
ai.N lsaai.lN
ai.N lsaai lai.N lsaai lai.N lsaai.lNai.N lsaai.lN
ai.N lsaai.lNai.N lsaai.lNai.N
adaada solvent like adaadwater.
a s a s a s a s a s a s a sa
a
PP PP
a
PP adaada PP adaada PP adaada PP adaada PPadaada a
PaPda
221
lsaai.lN
ai.N lsaai.lN
ai.N lsaai.lN
ai.N lsaai.lN
ai.N lsaai.lN
ai.N lsaai.lN
ai.N lsaai.lN
ai.N lsaai.lN
ai.N
8124201000
a s
a aa s
a aa s
a aa sa
a a s
a aa s a s a
a
PaPdad
a
PaPda
et et t
t
.NeNet
t
a
a
lsaai.lN
ai.N This
www.Padasalai.Net
asasa
ai.N
asasa asasa s
a aa lsaai.lN
ai.N s
a aalsaai.lN
alai lai.
a lsaai.lN
ai.N s a lsaai.lN
ai.N s a lsaai.lN
ai.N s alsaai.lN
ai.N s a lsaai.lN
ai.N s a lsaai.lN
ai.N sa lsaai.lN
ai.N s a lsaai.lN
ai.N
a
➠ X Std Science
a lsaai.lN
ai.N s a lsaai.lN
ai.N s a lsaai.lN
ai.N s a lsaai.lN
ai.N s a lsaai.lN
ai.N s a lsaai.lN
ai.N sa lsaai.lN
ai.N s a lsaai.lN
ai.N
a lsaai.lN
ai.N a lsaai.lN
ai.N a lsaai.lN
ai.N a lsaai.lN
ai.N a lsaai.lN
ai.N a lsaai.lN
ai.N alsaai.lN
ai.N a lsaai.lN
ai.N
UNIT
a s
a a s
a a s
a a s
a a s
a a s
a a s
a a a
m
10
a lsaai.lN
ai.N s a lsaai.lN
ai.N s a lsaai.lN
ai.N s alsaai.lN
ai.N s alsaai.lN
ai.N s a lsaai.lN
ai.N s a lsaai.lN
ai.N s a lsaai.lN
ai.N
o
lsaai.lN lsaai.lN lsaai.lN
TYPES OF CHEMICAL
lsaai.lN lsaai.lN lsaai.lN lsaai.lN lsaai.lN
.c
lsaai.lN
et et
ai.N lsaai.lN
et et
ai.N lsaai.lN
et et
ai.N
REACTIONS
lsaai.lN
et et
ai.N lsaai.lN
et et
ai.N lsaai.lN
et et
ai.N lsaai.lN
et et
ai.N lsaai.lN
et et
ai.N
ks
a
a sa
a a s
a aa s
a aa s
a aa s
a aa s
a aa s
a aa a
a lsaai.lN
ai.N sa lsaai.lN
ai.N s a lsaai.lN
ai.N s a lsaai.lN
ai.N s a lsaai.lN
ai.N s a lsaai.lN
ai.N s a lsaai.lN
ai.N s a lsaai.lN
ai.N
CONCEPT MAP
oo
a lsaai.lN
ai.N s a lsaai.lN
ai.N s a lsaai.lN
ai.N s a lsaai.lN
ai.N s a lsaai.lN
ai.N s a lsaai.lN
ai.N s a lsaai.lN
ai.N s a lsaai.lN
ai.N
ab
a lsaai.lN
ai.N s a lsaai.lN
ai.N s a lsaai.lN
ai.N s alsaai.lN
ai.N sa lsaai.lN
ai.N sa lsaai.lN
ai.N s alsaai.lN
ai.N s a lsaai.lN
ai.N
a lsaai.lN
ai.N sa lsaai.lN
ai.N s a lsaai.lN
ai.N s a lsaai.lN
ai.N sa lsaai.lN
ai.N s a lsaai.lN
ai.N s a lsaai.lN
ai.N s a lsaai.lN
ai.N
ur
et et et t et et et et et et Change etin
et Temperaturei.Nie.Nt et et et
a lsaai.lN
ai.N a lsaai.lN i.Ne
aTemperature a lsaai.lN
ai.N a lsaai.lN
ai.N alsaai.lN
ai.N a lsaai.lN
ai.N la la lsaai.lN
ai.N
a s
a a s
a a s
a a s
a a s
a a asaasa s
a aa a
.s
a lsaai.lN
ai.N s a lsaai.lN
ai.N s a lsaai.lN
ai.N s alsaai.lN
ai.N s a lsaai.lN
ai.N s a lsaai.lN
ai.N sa lsaai.lN
ai.N s a lsaai.lN
ai.N
w
a lsaai.lN
ai.N sa lsaai.lN
ai.N s a lsaai.lN
ai.N s a lsaai.lN
ai.N sa lsaai.lN
ai.N s alsaai.lN
ai.N sa lsaai.lN
ai.N s a lsaai.lN
ai.N
w
a lsaai.lN
ai.N s a lsaai.lN
ai.N s a lsaai.lN
ai.N s a lsaai.lN
ai.N s a lsaai.lN
ai.N s a lsaai.lN
ai.N s a lsaai.lN
ai.N s a lsaai.lN
ai.N
w
a lsaai.lN
ai.N s a lsaai.lN
ai.N s a lsaai.lN
ai.N s alsaai.lN
ai.N s a lsaai.lN
ai.N s a lsaai.lN
ai.N s a lsaai.lN
ai.N s a lsaai.lN
ai.N
alsaai.lN
ai.N s a lsaai.lN
ai.N s a lsaai.lN
ai.N sa lsaai.lN
ai.N s alsaai.lN
ai.N s a lsaai.lN
ai.N s a lsaai.lN
ai.N sa lsaai.lN
ai.N
230
lsaai.lN
ai.N lsaai.lN
ai.N lsaai.lN
ai.N lsaai.lN
ai.N lsaai.lN
ai.N lsaai.lN
ai.N lsaai.lN
ai.N lsaai.lN
ai.N
8124201000
a s
a aa s
a aa s
a aa sa
a a s
a aa s a s a
a
PaPdad
a
PaPda
et et t
t
.NeNet
t
a
a
lsaai.lN
ai.N
asasa This
asasaSamplealai.lNai.Ne
ai.N
asasa s
a aa lsaai.lN
ai.N s
a aalsaai.lN
alai lai.
a lsaai.lN
ai.N s a lsaai.lN
ai.N s a lsaai.lN
ai.N s alsaai.lN
ai.N s a lsaai.lN
ai.N s a lsaai.lN
ai.N sa lsaai.lN
ai.N s a lsaai.lN
ai.N
a
➠ X Std Science
et et
b) Which of the
e.Nt et e.Nt et
following et chemical 4.et tAn element et‘A’t on exposure e.Nt et
to moist airet et
et e e
a
a
lsaai.lN
ai.N
adsa
a
l
sa
a i .lN
a i reactions adsa
a sisal a neutralization
la i . N
a i
adsa
a
l a
sal
i . N
a i . Nreaction? adsa
a
l a
sal
i . N
a i . N
turnsdto form
adsa
a
l a i . N
sal compound
a i . N
adsa
a s‘B’
l a i . N
al which isdreddish
a i
adsa
a
lsaai.lN
ai.N
a
a d a d a d a d a a d a PaPda
P Pa Reason
P Paout. P Pa P Pa brown.
P Pa Identify ‘A’ Pand Pa ‘B’. P Pa
NaOH + HCl ® NaCl(aq) + H O (a) ‘A’ is Ag, ‘B’ is Ag 2s

et et e.Nt et (aq) (aq) t t
e.Ne e.Nt2 et (l) e.Nt e(b)
t
‘A ’ is Cu, ‘B’e.Nt is
et CuO et et et et
lsaai.lN
ai.N a i.lN i a i .lN i a i .lN i a i .lN i a i .lN i lsaai.lN
ai.N lsaai.lN
ai.N
a sa
a a
l
s a C
a H8 + 5O s
a a a l
s ®
a a 3CO + 4H
s
a aa l
s aO a + Heat s
a aa l
s a a s a l
s a a s a s a
(c) P‘Aa’PdisaadMg, a a a a a
Unit 10- Types of Chemical Reactions
a
PaPdad (g) Pada PaPdad 2 (g) PaPdad
a ‘B’ is MgO PaPdad PaPdad PaPda
m
3
P d2(g) 2(g)
(i) Reaction of sodium hydroxide with (d) ‘A’ is Fe, ‘B’ is Fe2O3
et et et ehydrochloric
t acid
et et is a typical ineutralization
et et et et et et Ans. (d) ‘A’ eis
t eFe,
t ‘B’ is Fe2.O et et
lsaai.lN
ai.N lsaai.lN
ai.N lsaai.lN
ai.N lsaa.lN
ai.N lsaai.lN
ai.N lsaai.lN
ai.N lsaai.lN
ai.N lsaai lN
ai3.N
a s a
reaction.s a s a s a
CaCO ada heat
s a
CaO s a s a
PaPd(s)ad+ CO2(g)
PaPdad 5.
a
PaPdad PaPdad PaPdad PaPda3(s) PaPdad PaPda
o
(ii) Here, sodium replaces hydrogen from The above thermal decomposition reaction is
et et et ehydrochloric
t acid
et etforming sodium et echloride,
t et ean
t _________________ et et reaction. et et et et
.c
a ai.N a ai.N a neutralssoluble
a ai.N salt. a ai.N a ai.N a ai.N a ai.N a ai.N
a s
a a
PaPdad
a a
PaPdad
s
a a
PaPdad
s
a a
PaPdad (a) Pendothermic
s
aPdaada
s
a a
PaPdad
s
a a
PaPdad
a
PaPda
NaOH(aq) + HCl(aq) ----→ NaCl(aq) + H2O(l) (b) exothermic
et et et et et et et et et e(c)
t both (a) and et e(b)
t et et et et
lsaai.lN
ai.N lsaai.lN
ai.N lsaai.lN
ai.N lsaai.lN
ai.N lsaai.lN
ai.N (d) neither i.lN
lsaa(a)ai.N
nor (b) aai.lN
ai.N
(a) lsaai.lN
endothermic ai.N
ks
a a a a a a a lsAns. a
GOVERNMENT PaPEXAM
a s
da a s
da a s
da a s
da a s
da a s
da a s
da a a
PaPad PaPad ad PaPad PaPad PaPad PaPad PaPda
6. Formation of ammonia from nitrogen and
et et
QUESTIONSet e&t ANSWERS
et et et et et ethydrogen i.is etan
example .Nof
et eNt et___________ t
lsaai.lN
ai.N lsaai.lN
ai.N lsaai.lN
ai.N lsaai.lN
ai.N lsaai.lN
ai.N reaction. lsaalN
ai.N .NeNet
lai lai. lai lai.
a
a adsa
a adsa
a adsa
a s
a aa s
a aa asaasa asaasa a
ad
P Pa d
P Pa 2 marksP Pa
a a d oo PaPdad PaPdad PaPdad PaPdad PaPda
(a) Thermal decomposition
et et 1. Why et et does the i.rate et tof a reaction et eincrease
t et e(b)
t Combination et et et et et et
lsaai.lN
ai.N i.lN
lsaawhileai.N raisingsathe lsaalN i.Ne
atemperature? lsaai.lN
ai.N lsaai.lNai.N lsaai.lNai.N lsaai.lNai.N lsaai.lN
ai.N
a
a s
a a
PaPdad
a a a
PaPdad
s
a a
PaPdad
a s
a a
PaPdad
a (c) PPrecipitation
s
aPdaada
a
PaPdad
s
a a a
PaPdad
s
a aa a
PaPda
[GMQP-2019]
(d) Displacement Ans. (b) Combination
Ans. Increase in temperature provides energy to break
ab
et et t t t t t et t et et
ai.N Which among ai.Nthe following achemical reaction
t t t t t
lsaamore ai.N bonds and lsaathusai.N speeds up the aireaction.
e e e e e.Ne e e e e
lsaai.lN
ai.N i.lN i.lN lsaai.lN lsaai7.
.lN lsaai.lN lsaai.lN i.Ne lsaai.lN
ai.N
CHEMISTRY
a a a
PaPdad
a a
PaPdad
a a
PaPdad
a a
PaPdad is an
PaP example
daada of combination
PaPdad
a a
reaction?
PaPdad
a a a
PaPda
ADDITIONAL QUESTIONS & ANSWERS (i) H2(g) + Cl2(g) 2HCl(g)
e e(ii) NaOH i.N+ e HCl
lsaai.NaCl
e e t t t t e t et et + H O i.Ne.Nt et
lsaai.lN
ai.N lsaai.lN ai.N lsaai.lNai.N lsaai.lN
ai.N lsaai.lNai.N ai.N Nai.N (aq)
aCahoose theadcorrect
i
a s a s a answer s a 1 mark a a
s a s a lsa(aq)
a l (aq)
s a l s laala
2 a(l)
ur
a
PaPdad P Pad
a a a a
PaPdad PaPdad aPdaada + O
(iii)P2Mg P
a
ada
aPd2MgO P aPdaadas a
PaPda
(s) 2(g) (s)
1. Which of the following information is not (iv) Zn(s) + 2HCl(aq) ZnCl2 + H2(g)
et et conveyed
et et by a balanced et et chemical eequation?
t et et et et et et t
i.Neand (iii) alaai.lN
et et
a lsaai.lN
ai.N a lsaai.lN ai.N a lsaai.lNai.N a lsaai.lN
ai.N a lsaai.lNai.N (a) onlys(i) a lsaai.lNai.N (b) sbotha a(i)
lsaai.lN ai.N
PaPdad (a) Physical PaPdastates
ada of reactants
PaPdadand products
s
a a s s
a a s
a a s s
a
PaPdad aPdaad(iii)
(c) Ponly
a aPdaadboth
(d)
a aPdaada
(i) and P(ii)
a
PaPda
.s
P
(b) Symbols and chemicals formula of reactants Ans. (b) both (i) and (iii)
et et e tand
e t products .NeNt et e t et e t et e t et et et et et
lsaai.lN
ai.N . N
lsaai lai. N lsaai lai. . N
lsaai lai. N .
lsaai8.
l
Nai. Pick out:
N . N N
lsaai lai.Compound i.lN
lsaa+ ai.Nelement salsaai.lN ai.N
a
a a a (c) Number
s a aofaatoms / molecules
s a a a of the reactants
s a s
a aa s
a a a s
a a a a a a
w
and products formed compound type of combination reaction

(d)etFeasibility of a chemical reactionet et (a) PCl5 PCl3 + Cl2
et et t t et t et t et et et et et
lsaai lai. reactionsalsaai lai. (b) Mg + O 2MgO alaai.lN
e e e e
a lsaai.lN
ai.N s a
. N N
lsaai lai. Ans. (d) sFeasibility
a
. N
lsaai lai. N
of a chemical
s a
. N N . N N
s a
. N
lsaai2lai. N
s s ai.N s a lsaai.lN
ai.N
a a a a a a a a aPdaad+ aPdaada a a a
a
PaPdad PaPdad PaPdad PaPdad (c) PPCl a Cl
PPCl PaPdad PaPda
w
3 2 5
2. The product formed when calcium oxide (d) 2Na + Cl2 2NaCl
et et reacts e et t with water is
e et _________.
t t
e e t t
e e t e e Ans. (c) PCl
t t et+etCl2 PCle5.Nt et
a lsaai.lN
ai.N s a i.lN
lsaa(a) ai.NSlaked lime s a lsaai.lNai.N(b) Carbon s a i.lN
ai.N
lsadioxide
a s a lsaai.lN
ai3.N s a lsaai.lN
ai
a a a a a a a a a daada daada daada a
PaPdad PaPdad PaPdad PaPdad 9. Decomposition reactions are brought about PaPda
w
P aP P a P P aP
(c) Calcium oxide (d) Oxygen gas
t t Ans. (a) Slaked lime
by __________.
et et e e e t et e t et e t e(a)
t heat lai.N et et (b) light et et et et
a lsaai.lN
ai.N 3.s a
.
lsaaThe N
i lai. N
reaction s between
a
. N
lsaai lai. N
hydrogens a
. N
lsaai laand
i. N
oxygen s a
. N
lsaai lai. N
s a a l ai.N s a lsaai.lN
ai.N s a lsaai.lN
ai.N
a a a
PaPdad
a a
PaPdad
a a
PaPdad adaada (c) Pelectric
aPdaada current P
s (d)
aPdaadall
a the above adaada a
PaPda
gas to form water is _________ reaction.P P
PP
Ans. (d) all the above
(a) combination (b) redox
et et e.Nt et e.Nt et et et et et et et et et et et
alsaai.lN
ai.N s a l aa(c)
i .lN
a i exothermic s a l aa
i .lN
a i (d) all of sthese
a lsaai.lN
ai.N s alsaai.lNai.N s a lsaai.lNai.N s a lsaai.lN
ai.N sa lsaai.lNai.N
a a a s a a s aPdaad(a)
a a a a a a a a a a
PaPdad PaPdad PAns. combinationPaPdad PaPdad PaPdad PaPdad PaPda
238
lsaai.lN
ai.N lsaai.lN
ai.N lsaai.lN
ai.N lsaai.lN
ai.N lsaai.lN
ai.N lsaai.lN
ai.N lsaai.lN
ai.N lsaai.lN
ai.N
8124201000
a s
a aa s
a aa s
a aa sa
a a s
a aa s a s a
a
PaPdad
a
PaPda
et et t
t
.NeNet
t
a
a
lsaai.lN
ai.N
asasa This
ai.N
asasa asasa s
a aa lsaai.lN
ai.N s
a aalsaai.lN
alai lai.
a lsaai.lN
ai.N s a lsaai.lN
ai.N s a lsaai.lN
ai.N s alsaai.lN
ai.N s a lsaai.lN
ai.N s a lsaai.lN
ai.N sa lsaai.lN
ai.N s a lsaai.lN
ai.N
a
➠ X Std Science
H Order e.NtT
(a)
ethinking S
et et e.igher
t kills
e.Nt et
Ans. e.Nt et eNt et et et et et
lsaai.lN .lN Net .lN .lN .lN i.lN aai.lN lsaai.lN
ai.N a i i a i i a i i a i i 1. Since lsaZn ai.displaces Cu lsfrom ai.NCuSO solution, ai.N
PaPdad (HOTS)PaPdad
a s a l
s a a s a l
s a a s a l
s a a s a l
s a a s a a sa s a
a a a a a a a a a da a a 4 a a a
PaPdad PaPdad Paisd more reactive
Pait ada
PaPdthan PaPdad PaPda
Cu.
1. You are given the following materials 2. Since Cu displaces Ag from AgNO3
et et t et t et t et t et
solution, t et
eit is more reactive et et et et
ai.N than Ag. salsaai.lN
e e e e
a lsaai.lN
ai.N s a lsa1.
a
i lai. Marble chips
. N N
s a
. N
lsaai lai. N
s a
. N
lsaai lai. N
s a
. N
lsaai lai. N
s a lsaai.lN ai.N s a lsaai.lN ai.N
a a ada aPdaada a a 3.
PaSince
Pad Zn displaces
da a PaPdaFe
ada from FeSO asolution, a a a
Unit 10- Types of Chemical Reactions
a
PaPdad 2. Dilute
PaPdahydrochloric Pacid PaPdad P4 Pdad PaPda
m
3. Zinc granules it is more reactive than Fe.
et et Identifye e the type iof
t t ereaction
t e t when marble
e et t chips ai.Nie.Ne t t4. Since Fe edisplaces
t et Cu from etCuSO
et 4
solution, et et
lsaai.lN
ai.N lsaai.lN ai.N lsaa.lN ai.N lsaai.lNai.N lsala lsaai.lN ai.Nreactive than lsaai.lN
ai.N lsaai.lN
ai.N
a a a a a it is more
a a Cu. a
PaPdad and zinc P granules are added PaPdaseparately toPacid
s
a a s s s s s s
a aPdaada ada aPdaada a a
PaPdad
a a
PaPdad
a a
PaPdad
a
PaPda
o
taken in two tubes. Write chemical equations The decreasing order of reactivity of the metals is :
in each Znt > Fe > Cu > Ag t
et et e.Nt et case. e.Nt et e.Nt et e.Nt et e et eNet et t
lsaai.lN .lN .lN .lN .lN (b) All these .lNai.N reactionssaare ai.the
lsaai.lN examples lsaai.lN i.Ne
aof
.c
a ai.N Ans.
s a l s
aa
i
1. ai M
arble chips
s a ls
aa
i
react
a i with dilute
s a ls
aa
i
hydrochloric
a i
s a ls
aa
i a i
s a ls
aa
i
s a
a a a adaada aPdaada a a da a a a a a a
PaPdad PaPdad Pad
Padisplacement PaPdad
reactions. PaPdad PaPda
acidPtoPform calcium Pchloride and carbonic
acid. The acid changes to CO2 and H2O. It is 3. A strip of a metal X is immersed in the aqueous
et et e.Nt et et et et et et et et t eNt et et et
lsaai.lN
ai.N i .lN a doublesdisplacement
lsaai.lNai.N reaction.
lsaai.lNai.N lsaai.lN ai.N solutionsalsof aai.lN i.Ne YSO blue
asalt lsaai.lN
ai.in colour. lsaai.lN
After ai.N
ks
a a l aa a i a a a a a
s
a a s a a s
a a s
a a a a s s
a
PaPdad 2. PaPdad PaPdad PaPdad PaPdad ad4ada a
ada
PaPdthe
a
PaPda
sometime, a layer PofPametal Y from salt
CaCO3 (s)+ 2HCl(aq) CaCl2(aq) + solution is deposited on the strip of the metal
et et et et et et e.Nt et et et et et et t et et
a lsaai.lN
ai.N s a lsaai.lN ai.N s a lsaai.lNai.N H2CO s a i.lN
3lsa(aq)
a ai(CO 2
+H2O)salaai.lN
s ai.N X. The smetal a lsaai.lN ai.NX is usedsfor a agalvanisation,
lsaai.lN i.Ne
s a lsaathe
i.lN
ai.N
a a a
PaPdad
a a
PaPdad PaPdad
a a a a
PaPdad metal
PaPdYadis
a a employed ain
P Pdamaking
ada electric
PaPdacables.
ada a
PaPda
3. Zinc granules react with hydrochloric acid
to form zinc tchloride accompanied
oo by
1. Predict the metal X.
et et e et t e.Ne t e et t e e 2. What could
t t et et be the metal eY?
t et et et
lsaai.lN
ai.N lsaai.lN ai.N hydrogen gas.
lsaai.lNaiIt is a displacement
lsaai.lNai.N reaction.salsaai.lN ai.N lsaai.lN ai.N lsaai.lN
ai.N lsaai.lNai.N
a
a s
a a
PaPdad
a s
daada
a s
da a
a
dada 3. PaCan
da ayou name P
s a
the
aPdaasalt
da solution?
s a s
a a
PaPdad
a a
PaPda
Zn(s)P+aP2HCl Pad
PaZnCl + H2(g).PaPa Pad
(aq) 2(aq) 4. What is the nature of the chemical
2. (a) e.
t Based on the e.Nt etreactions igiven e.Nt et below, i.Ne.Nt et
reaction etaking place? et t
ab
et et Net
t et e et et
lsaai.lN
ai.N a i .lN i
arrange the a i .lN i
metals involved a .lN i
in these a Ans. i 1. Th e metal
a i . N i . N
X is Zn. lsaai.lNai.N lsaai.lNai.N
CHEMISTRY
a s a l s a a s a ls a a s a ls a a s a ls a l a s a ls a l a s a s a
a a a a a a a a a aPdaada adaada a a a
PaPdad PaPdad Padad PaPdad PaPdad PaPda
reactions in decreasingPorder of reactivity. 2. P Metal Y is Cu. P P
Give suitable explanation. 3. The salt is CuSO4.
a lsaai.lN
ai.N sa l aa
i .lN
a i 1. Zn +s CuSO
a l aa
i .lN
a i ZnSO
s a l aa
i .lN
a i + Cu s a l aa
i .lN
a i 4. It sisalsaaani.lNai.Nexample of s a lsaametal
ai.N displacement
i.lN
s a lsaai.lNai.N
ur
a s a a s 4 a a s 4 s
a ada
PaPd PaPda+d 2AgNO PaPdadCu(NO ) + P2Ag aPdaada da a
Pareaction.
Pad Zn lies
a
ada Cu in the
PaPdabove
ada
PaPdaactivity
a
PaPda
2. Cu 3 3 2
3. Zn + FeSO4t ZnSO4 +t Fe series and has therefore, displaced Cu from
et et e t et e e t e e t e t et the blue CuSO
et et solution.i.Ne.Nt et et et
a lsaai.lN
ai.N a
. N N
lsaai lai. 4. Fe + sCuSO a
. N
lsaai lai. N
FeSO
a
. N
lsaai lai+ N
. Cu a
. N
lsaai lai. N
a lsaai.lNai.N a lsaalai a lsaai.lNai.N
Padad Zn PaPdad(s) + CuSO4 (aq) ZnSOP4a(aq)Pad+ Cu(s)
a s
a a a a 4 s
a a 4 s
a a s
a a s
a a s
da a a
PaPdad Padad PaPdad PaPdad PaPda
.s
(b) What Pis the nature of the reactions? P

(X)
lsaai.lN
ai.N lsaai.lN
ai.N lsaai.lN
ai.N lsaai.lN
ai.N lsaai.lN
ai.N lsaai.lN
ai.N lsaai.lN
ai.N lsaai.lN
ai.N

a
a s
a aa s
a aa s
a aa s
a aa s
a aa sa
a a s
a aa a
w
a lsaai.lN
ai.N sa lsaai.lN
ai.N s a lsaai.lN
ai.N s a lsaai.lN
ai.N sa lsaai.lN
ai.N s alsaai.lN
ai.N sa lsaai.lN
ai.N s a lsaai.lN
ai.N
w
a lsaai.lN
ai.N s a lsaai.lN
ai.N s a lsaai.lN
ai.N s a lsaai.lN
ai.N s a lsaai.lN
ai.N s a lsaai.lN
ai.N s a lsaai.lN
ai.N s a lsaai.lN
ai.N
w
a lsaai.lN
ai.N s a lsaai.lN
ai.N s a lsaai.lN
ai.N s alsaai.lN
ai.N s a lsaai.lN
ai.N s a lsaai.lN
ai.N s a lsaai.lN
ai.N s a lsaai.lN
ai.N
alsaai.lN
ai.N s a lsaai.lN
ai.N s a lsaai.lN
ai.N sa lsaai.lN
ai.N s alsaai.lN
ai.N s a lsaai.lN
ai.N s a lsaai.lN
ai.N sa lsaai.lN
ai.N
248
lsaai.lN
ai.N lsaai.lN
ai.N lsaai.lN
ai.N lsaai.lN
ai.N lsaai.lN
ai.N lsaai.lN
ai.N lsaai.lN
ai.N lsaai.lN
ai.N
8124201000
a s
a aa s
a aa s
a aa sa
a a s
a aa s a s a
a
PaPdad
a
PaPda
et et t
t
.NeNet
t
a
a
lsaai.lN
ai.N
asasa This
ai.N
asasa asasa s
a aa lsaai.lN
ai.N s
a aalsaai.lN
alai lai.
a lsaai.lN
ai.N s a lsaai.lN
ai.N s a lsaai.lN
ai.N s alsaai.lN
ai.N s a lsaai.lN
ai.N s a lsaai.lN
ai.N sa lsaai.lN
ai.N s a lsaai.lN
ai.N
a
➠ X Std Science
et et 5. Explain eNt et the mechanism et et of cleansing et et action

Ans. (i)
et et
CH3 − CH 2 t− CH
e et
− CH3
et et et et
a lsaai.lN
ai.N s a i.lN
lsaaof ai.soap. s a lsaai.lN
ai.N s a lsaai.lN
ai.N [PTA-6]salsaai.lN
ai.N s a lsaai.lN
ai.N | sa lsaai.lN
ai.N s a lsaai.lN
ai.N
a
PaPAns.
a dada dada
a a dada a a dada a a a a
PaPdad OH PaPdaada a a
PaPdad
a
PaPda
A soap moleculesPP containsPtwo P parts. They Pare: P
(ii) 2-Butanol.
One polar end: (iii) Saturated.t t
et et e.Nt et e.Nt et e.Nt et e.Nt et e e et et et et
a lsaai.lN
ai.N a l aa
.lN
(i)
i a i Short heada l a a
i .lN
a with
i a carboxylate
a l aa
i .lN
a i group a l aa
i .lNa i a lsaai.lNai.N a lsaai.lN
ai.N a lsaai.lN
ai.N
a s
a a
PaPdad
s s
a a
PaPdad
s
PaPdad
s
a a s s
PaPdad 2.
a a s AnPorganic
aPdaada compound
s
PaPdad‘A’ is widelyPaused
s
a a
Pad as a
da as a
PaPda
m
(–COONa)
preservative and has the molecular formula
Unit 11- Carbon and its compounds
(ii) Hydrophilic in nature (Water loving)

et et e et t e et t e et t e e C2H4O2. This
t t etcompound
et reactset et with ethanol et et
a lsaai.lN
ai.N s a (iii)
lsaai.lNai.N Attractedsatowardslsaai.lN ai.N water. alsaai.lN
Soap molucules
s ai.N s a lsaai.lN ai.N to formsaalsasweet a
i.lNai.N smelling s a a
i.lN
ai.N
lsacompound ‘B’ .
s
a lsaai.lN
ai.N
a a a ada a a a adaada a a a a a
PaPdad One non-polar PaPdaDirty end: ada
aPdsolutoin PaPdad PaPdad PaPdad PaPda
o
PSoap
cloth
PP [PTA-5]
(i) Long tail with hydrocarbon Dirt chain. (i) Identify the compound ‘A’.
et et (ii) t eHydrophobic
t in t nature
t (water hating).
e.Nt et e.Nt et et et et et et et
lsaai.lN N e N e e N N (ii) Wsrite lsaai.the
Nai.Nchemical equation ai.N for its reaction
lsaai.lN lsaai.lN
.c
ai.N l a i .
l a i . N l a i .l a i . N l a i .l a i l a i. la i l ai.N
a s a a s a a s a a s a a a s a s a
PaPdad (iii) Attracted PaPdad towards dirt Paordaoil
a a s a a s a on the cloth.
s a a s a aPdaadacompoundP‘B’ aPd.aada a
PaPdwith
ada ethanol toPform
a
Pad PaPdad PaPda
(iv) Not attracted towards water. (iii) Name the process.
et et Mechanisms:
e et t e et t e et t Ans. e et(i) Ethanoic
t eacid
t et (acetic acid). et et et et
lsaai.lN
ai.N lsaai.lNai.N lsaai.lN ai.N lsaai.lN ai.N lsaai.lNai.N lsaai.lNai.N lsaai.lN
ai.N lsaai.lN
ai.N
ks
a a a
PaPdad
a a
PaPdad aPdaada head
PHydrophilic
a a
PaPdad (ii) PaCH
Pad3COOC2H5 (Ethyl
da a PaPdad acetate). PaPdad
a a a a a
PaPda
conc.H 2SO4
C2 H5OH +t CH COOH  → CH3tCOOC 2H
et et et et et et et et e.Nt et e.Net 3 e.Nt et e.Net
lsaai.lN
ai.N lsaai.lN
ai.N lsaai.lN
ai.N lsaai.lN
ai.N la i.lN
a i l a
Ethanoli .lN
ai Ethanoic acidl a i .lN
a i l a i .lN
Ethyl a i ethanoat
t e
a
a sa
a a s
a aa s a
a Aqueous
a asaasa adaadsa asaconc.H SO adaadsa asa asaasa a
PaPdad PaPdad PaPdad PaPdad PP P4P PaPdad PaPda
C H OH + CH COOH  → CH COOC H + H O
oo 2 5
Ethanol
3
Ethanoic acid
2
3
Ethyl ethanoatte
2 5 2
et et et et et et et et e t t t t
i.Nie.Ne
i i.Ne(iii) Esterification. et et et et
a lsaai.lN
ai.N s a lsaai.lN
ai.N s a lsaai.lN
ai.N s a lsaai.lN
ai.N .
salsaala
N
salsaala s a lsaai.lN
ai.N s a lsaai.lN
ai.N
a a a a a a a
Hydrophobic tail a a a a a a a a a
Cleansing action of soap
PTA Questions &eNt Answers

ab
ai.N Hydropobic lsaai.lpart

ai.N of the soap lsaai.ltraps
ai.N the dirtsalsaai.lN
et et (i) et et et et et et et et et et et et et
lsaai.lN
ai.N lsaai.lN N N ai.N lai.N
ai.N lai.N
ai. lai.N
ai.N
CHEMISTRY
a a a a asa l asasal asa l

s
and Pthe
s
aPdaadhydrophilic part
s
aPdaadmakes the entire asa asa
2 marks
a a a a a a a a a
PaPdad P PaPdad PaPdad PaPdad PaPdad PaPda
molecule soluble in water.
e.Nt eWhen a soap e.or in i1. Why ethene eis t etmore reactive than ethane?et t
et et (ii) Netdetergent laisi.lNdissolved
t t e.Nt et e.Nt et e.Nt et e
a lsaai.lN
ai.N
adsa
l
sa
a i .lN
a i
water, the
adsa
la i .lN
molecules
sa ai
join atogether
sa sa a i
as clustersadsa
l
sa
a .lN
a i adsa
l a
sal
i . N
a i . N
adsa
la
sal
i . N
ai
adsa
lsaai.lN
[PTA-1] ai.N
ur
a d a d a d a d a d a d a d a a
a
P Pa a
P Pa a
P Pa d a
P Pa aPa
(i) P Ethene is a more
a
P Pa reactive than a
P Paethane PaPda
called ‘micelles’.
because of the presence of a double bond
et et (iii)et eTheir
t long hydrocarbon t et chains t et attach t et eNt etwo
t et et et et
lsaai.lN
ai.N .N N
lsaai lai. themselves lsato . N
i lai. e N . N
lsaai lai.
e N . N
lsaai lai.
e N between ai.its
lsaai.lN carbon lsaai.atoms.
Nai.N lsaai.lN
ai.N
a
a s
a aa s
a aa a the oil and dirt.
s
a aa s
a a a s
a aa s
a aa l s
a aa a
.s
(iv) The dirt is thus surrounded by the non-

polar end of thet soap molecules. t 4 marks
et et e t et e e t e et e t et e t et et et et et
lsaai.lN
ai.N . N N
i lai. The charged
(v)
lsaa . N N
lsaai lacarboxylate
i. end . N
lsaai laiof N
. the soap alai lai. . N N . N
ai.N the structurallsaai.lN
ai.N
a
a s
a a a s
a aa a
ada
s a a s
ada
s a1. Applying s
a aa IUPAC rules, s
a aderive
a s
a aa a
PaPdad PaPdad makes the PaPd PaPdin PaPdad PaPdad PaPdad PaPda
w
molecules micelles soluble formula of the following compounds:

water. a) Pentanoic tacid
et et e t et e.Nt et e.Nt et e.Nt et e et et et et et
a lsaai.lN
ai.N s a l a(vi)
a
i .
l
N
a i. N Thus, the s adirt
l aa
i.l
Nais
i washed away
s a l aa
iwith
.
l
N
a i the soap.s a l aa
i .
l
N
ai b) s a lsaai.lN
2-methyl-butan-2-ol
ai.N s a lsaai.lN
ai.N s a lsaai.lN
ai.N
a a a s a a s a a s a a s aPdaada dada ada a
PaPdad PaPdad PaPdad PaPdad PaP PaPda[PTA-2] PaPda
w
a) PPentanoic acid: C Ha O
5 10 2
VII. Hot Questions : CHN3eCH
et et et et et et et et et et t et2CH2CH2COOH et et et et
a lsaai.lN
ai.N 1.asalsaaThe
i.lNai.Nmolecular aformula
lsaai.lNai.N of an alcohol a lsaai.lNai.Nis C H O.salsaai.lN ai.N a lsaai.lai.N a lsaai.lN
ai.N a lsaai.lN
ai.N
a a
PaPdad The locant PaPd
a
ada
s s
aPdaada 4 10dada s
a a
PaPdad H HPaPH daadaH O
s s
a a
PaPdad
a
PaPda
w
number of its P–OH group is 2.PaPa

[PTA-1] H – C – C – C – C – C – OH
lsaai.lN
et et
ai.N (i). N
lsaai lai.
e t etDraw its structural
N .N
lsaai lai.
e N
t et formula. . N
lsaai lai.
e N
t et
. N
lsaai lai.
e N
t et
lsaai.lN
eNt et
ai.H lsaai.lN
et et
ai.N lsaai.lN
et et
ai.N
a s a s a s a s a s a H H s aH s a
PaPdad (ii) Give its
daadIUPAC name.
PaP PaPdad PaPdad PaPdad PaPdad PaPdad PaPda
(iii) Is it saturated or unsaturated?
alsaai.lN
ai.N s a lsaai.lN
ai.N s a lsaai.lN
ai.N sa lsaai.lN
ai.N s alsaai.lN
ai.N s a lsaai.lN
ai.N s a lsaai.lN
ai.N sa lsaai.lN
ai.N
254
lsaai.lN
ai.N lsaai.lN
ai.N lsaai.lN
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Unit 13- Structural Organisation of Animals

ai.N GOVERNMENT EXAM
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BIOLOGY
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a
lsaai.lN
ai.N
asasaThis
ai.N
asasa asasa s
a aa lsaai.lN
ai.N s
a aalsaai.lN
alai lai.
a lsaai.lN
ai.N s a lsaai.lN
ai.N s a lsaai.lN
ai.N s alsaai.lN
ai.N s a lsaai.lN
ai.N s a lsaai.lN
ai.N sa lsaai.lN
ai.N s a lsaai.lN
ai.N
a
➠ X Std Science
et et
(i) et Reflex action iseta rapid, automatic response 2.et t'A' containset at cerebrospinal
e.Nt et e.Nt et
fluid filledet et
lsaai.lN
ai.N .lN Net .lN Net .lN .lN Ne .lN Ne .lN i.lN
ai.N
a
a d adsa
a
l
sa
a i a i . to a dstimulus,
adsa
a
la
sa
i a i. whichdaissaasnot
l a i
a under the
a i
d adsa
a
l
sa
a i a i .
cavitydaknown
saa
l a
sa
i a i .
as 'B'.dHow
adsa
a sa many nerves
l a i a i
d adsa
a
lsaaare
a
a
P Pa a
P Pa a d
Pa brain, i.e. it Pis Pan a a a
P Pa d a
P Pa a
P Pa PaPda
voluntary control of Pthe produced from 'A'.
involuntary action. (i) What is 'A'?
a lsaai.lN
ai.N s
a aa l s
aa
.lN
(ii)
i a i It is a simple
s a l s
aa
i .lN
form
a i of behaviour
s a ls
aa
i .lN
a in
i which the s a l
s
aa
i .lNa i (ii) What
s a lsaai.lisN
ai.N 'B'? s a lsaai.lN
ai.N s a lsaai.lN
ai.N
a
PaPdad da a ada
PaPdathe
a a
PaPdad Ans. (i) PaSpinal da a a a
PaPdad
a a
PaPdad
a
PaPda
m
Pad
samePastimulus produces same response Pad cord.
every time. (ii) Central canal.
et et t et e.Nt et e.Nt et e.Nt et et et et et et et
a lsaai.lN
ai.N s a l aa
E.g:
i .
l
N
a i
e.N
s a l aa
i .l
Na i
s a l aa
i .l
Nai
s al a i
a
. l
Na i
31 pairssof
a a
i.lN
lsanervesai.N are produceds a lsaai.lN
ai.N
from spinals a lsaai.lN
cord. ai.N
a a a s a s a a s a s a a a a a a a
PaPdad (i) If we PaPd ada PaPdad a hot plate, PaPd ada PaPdad PaPdad PaPdad PaPda
o
unknowingly touch we
immediately move our hand away from it. Etxpand the following abbreviations
et et e t et e.Nt et e.Nt et e.Net e.Nt et et et et et
lsaai.lN (ii)
N Moving our N foot away on
N stepping N N i.lN lsaai.lN
.c
ai.N l a i .
l a i . N l a i .l a i l a i .l a i l a i . l a i l a i .
l a i l a ai.N ai.N
a s a a s a a s a a s a a s a a s a a s a
a a a
PaPdad
s a a
PaPdad sharp.
something
s a a
PaPdad
s
PaPdad 1.
a a s EEG PaPdad -
a a s Electroencephalogram.
a a
PaPdad
s a a
PaPdad
a
PaPda
2. CNS - Central Nervous System.
Value B ased Q uestions
ai.N PNS
et et t t t t et et et et et et
lsaa-i.lNai.NPeripheralsaNervous ai.N System.
t t t t
lsaai3.
e e e e e e e e
lsaai.lN
ai.N lsaai.lN ai.N lsaai.lN ai.N lsaai.lN ai.N .lN lsaai.lN lsaai.lN
ai.N
ks
a a sa s a s a s a s a s a
a ada
PaPd1. aPdaada a
ada
PaPdhad
a a
PaPdad 4. ANS
a a
PaPdad -
a a
PaPdad Nervous System.
Autonomic
a a
PaPdad
a
PaPda
Rani fellPfrom her bike and a head injury.
She was hospitalized and discharged later. 5. EFA - Essential Fatty Acids.
et et t et t et t et t et et et eNt et et et
lsaaWhat do yousathink lsaai lai. she could lsaahave
i lai. done to alai6.
e e e e
a lsaai.lN
ai.N s a
. N
i lai. N . N N
s a
. N N
s s a
. l
Nai. CSF
N
s a lsaa-i.lNai.NCerebro Spinal
s a lsaai.lN
ai.Fluid. s a lsaai.lN
ai.N
a a a ada a a a a a a a a a a a
PaPdad save herself PaPdafrom this accident?
Ans. Rani did not wear a helmet. Some people wear
oo
Unit 15- Nervous System
et et et t eNt et eNt et et et et et et et et et
a lsaai.lN
ai.N s a lsaaai.lNahelmet
i.Ne but don't
s a lsaai.lN ai.fasten the strap.
s a lsaai.lN ai.When they lai.lN
s a s a ai.N s a lsaai.lN ai.N s a lsaai.lN
ai.N s a lsaai.lN
ai.N
PaPdad fall downPfrom aPdaada the bike, the PaPdhelmet falls offPaand
a a a a da a a a a a a a a
ada Pad PaPdad PaPdad PaPdad PaPda
they are injured. Thus a helmet worn properly
ab
et et can t save
t lives. t t t t t t t t t t t t
a lsaai.lN
ai.N la lai. i.NeNe la lai. i.NeNe la lai. i.NeNe la lai. i.NeNe la lai. i.NeNe la lai. i.NeNe la lai. i.NeNe
a asaasa asaasa asaasa asaasa asaasa asa
asa asaasa a
t t
et et et et et et et et e e et et et et et et
a lsaai.lN
ai.N a lsaai.lN
ai.N a lsaai.lN
ai.N a lsaai.lN
ai.N lsaai.lN
ai.N lsaai.lN
ai.N lsaai.lN
ai.N lsaai.lN
ai.N
s s s adsa s a s a s a
ur
a lsaai.lN
ai.N sa lsaai.lN
ai.N s a lsaai.lN
ai.N s a lsaai.lN
ai.N s alsaai.lN
ai.N s a lsaai.lN
ai.N s a lsaai.lN
ai.N s a lsaai.lN
ai.N
.s
BIOLOGY
a lsaai.lN
ai.N s a lsaai.lN
ai.N s a lsaai.lN
ai.N s alsaai.lN
ai.N s a lsaai.lN
ai.N s a lsaai.lN
ai.N sa lsaai.lN
ai.N s a lsaai.lN
ai.N
w
a lsaai.lN
ai.N sa lsaai.lN
ai.N s a lsaai.lN
ai.N s a lsaai.lN
ai.N sa lsaai.lN
ai.N s alsaai.lN
ai.N sa lsaai.lN
ai.N s a lsaai.lN
ai.N
w
a lsaai.lN
ai.N s a lsaai.lN
ai.N s a lsaai.lN
ai.N s a lsaai.lN
ai.N s a lsaai.lN
ai.N s a lsaai.lN
ai.N s a lsaai.lN
ai.N s a lsaai.lN
ai.N
w
a lsaai.lN
ai.N s a lsaai.lN
ai.N s a lsaai.lN
ai.N s alsaai.lN
ai.N s a lsaai.lN
ai.N s a lsaai.lN
ai.N s a lsaai.lN
ai.N s a lsaai.lN
ai.N
alsaai.lN
ai.N s a lsaai.lN
ai.N s a lsaai.lN
ai.N sa lsaai.lN
ai.N s alsaai.lN
ai.N s a lsaai.lN
ai.N s a lsaai.lN
ai.N sa lsaai.lN
ai.N
346
lsaai.lN
ai.N lsaai.lN
ai.N lsaai.lN
ai.N lsaai.lN
ai.N lsaai.lN
ai.N lsaai.lN
ai.N lsaai.lN
ai.N lsaai.lN
ai.N
8124201000
a s
a aa s
a aa s
a aa sa
a a s
a aa s a s a
a
PaPdad
a
PaPda
et et t
t
.NeNet
t
a
a
lsaai.lN
ai.N
asasa This
ai.N
asasa s
a aa lsaai.lN
ai.N s
a aalsaai.lN
alai lai.
a lsaai.lN
ai.N s a lsaai.lN
ai.N s a lsaai.lN
ai.N s alsaai.lN
ai.N s a lsaai.lN
ai.N s a lsaai.lN
ai.N sa lsaai.lN
ai.N s a lsaai.lN
ai.N
a
➠ X Std Science
et et
5. Susan’s e.Nt et
father feelset very tired andetfrequently 3. et H ow is Corpus et et luteum formed? et et Name thee.Nt et
lsaai.lN .lN .lN Net i.lN
t
.Ne advisedalai.lN et .lN lsaai.lN
ai.Nluteum. salsaai.lN
a ai.N s
a aa l
s
aurinates.
a
i a i Afters
da a
aclinical
l
s
aa
i a i. diagnosis s a lsahe
a aiwas s s a ai.N hormones s a lsaaisecreted
ai.N by corpus
sa ai
a
PaPdad to take an Pad
Painjection aPdaada aPdaada aPdaada aPdaada aPdaada a
PaPda
daily to maintain his blood
P P P P P
(7 Marks) [PTA-2]
glucose level. What would be the possible cause Ans. Luteinizing hormone (LH) causes ovulation
a lsaai.lN
et et
ai.N for.NeNthis?
alaai lai.
t et
Suggest .preventive
NeNt et
alaai lai.
measures.
alaai lai.
t
.NeNet
t
.NeNet
alaai lai. (rupture aof laaimature
.lN et et
ai.N graafian
et et
alaafollicle),
i.lN
ai.N responsible .NeNet
alaai lai.
t
as s s s
a a s s
a s s
aPdaada
s s
aPdaaddevelopment
s s
da a s s
ada a
a
PaPdAns.
ada (i) Susans'
PaPdadfather mustPaPdbe ada suffering Pfrom a
PaPdaand PaPda
m
for Pthe Paof
Padcorpus luteum in
Diabetes mellitus. female.
et et (ii) e t eDue
t to deficiency e t et of the hormone e t et insulin e t et et et et et et et
lsaai.lN
ai.N . N
lsaai lai. N . N
lsaai lai. N . N
lsaai lai. N . N
ai.N 4 marks lsaai.lN
ai.N lsaai.lN
ai.N
a
a s
a aa produced s
a aaby the pancreas s
a a ahis blood sugar s
a aa s
a aa s
a a a s
a aa a
o
level would have increased. 1. Mention the physiological effects of
(iii) t Therefore he would have been tadvised to
et et e e t e et t e t et etEthylene. i.Ne.Nt et (7eNtMarks)
et [PTA-3] et et
lsaai.lN lsaai.lNai.N take insulin lsaai.injection
N daily lsto
aai.lN i.Ne
amaintain his lsaai.lN lsaai.lN lsaai.lN
.c
a ai.N a a l ai.N a a ai.N a lsaalai a ai. a ai.N
PaPdad Ans. (i) PaEthylene PaPdadthe ripeningPaof
promotes da fruits.
a s
a a s
daada da as s
a a s
da a s
a a s a a
PaPdad bloodPaPglucose level. PaPad Pad Pad PaPda
Eg : Tomato, Apple, Mango, Banana, etc.
(iv) Frequent urination is a symptom of the
Unit 16- Plant and Animal Hormones
et et et ediabetese
t mellitus et et and excess iglucose et et is also i.Ne.Nt e(ii) t Ethylene eNinhibits
t et the elongation et et of stem et et
lsaai.lN
ai.N lsaai.lNai.N lsaai.lN ai.N lsaa.lN ai.N lsaai.lN
ai.in lsaai.lN
ai.N lsaai.lN
ai.N
ks
a s a s a s a s a lsaalai and s root
a dicots. s a s a
a a a
PaPdad lost from
PaPdadthe body through
a a
PaPdad urine. Therefore
a a a a
PaPdad
a a
PaPdad
a a
PaPdad
a a
PaPdad
a
PaPda
he would feel tired. (iii) Ethylene hastens the senescence of leaves
Preventive measures and flowers.
et et e.Nt et e.Nt efor
t Diabetes.NMellitus e.Nt et : e.Nt et et et et et et et
a lsaai.lN
ai.N s a ls
aa
i .lN
(i) a i Intake ofs afoods
ls
aa
i .lNa i rich in protein
s a ls
aa
i l a i and avoid s a ls
aa
i.l
Na i (iv) Ethylene
s a lsaai.lN
ai.N stimulates s a lsaai.lN
ai.Nformations a
N
lsaai.lof
ai.N
a a a a a aPdaada a a da a ada a a a
PaPdad PaPdad PaPdad Pad
Paabscission PaPdain
zone PaPdad and
leaves, flowers PaPda
sugary foods like fruitP juices, fruits, starchy
vegetables.
oo fruits. This leads to premature shedding.
i lai. Regular physical lsaai lai. exercise.salsaai lai. lsaai lai. (v) Ethylene ai.Nbreaks the lsadormancy of abuds,
e e e e
a lsaai.lN
ai.N s a lsaa(ii)
. N N
s a
. N N . N N
s a
. N N
s a lsaai.lN s a i.lN
a ai.N s lsaai.lNai.N
a a a ada ada a a da a a a a a
PaPdad (iii) Intake
PaPdaof whole grains PaPdaand wheat based PaPdad Paseeds
Pad and storage ada
PaPdorgans. PaPdad PaPda
products.
ab
a
a
lsaai.lN
ai.N s
a a
PaPdad
a lsaai.lN
ai.N s
a a
PaPdad
a lsaai.lN
ai.N s
a a
PaPdad
alsaai.lN
ai.N sa
a a
PaPdad
lsaai.lN
ai.N GOVERNMENT
d adsa
a
lsaai.lN
ai.N
dadsa
a
lsaai.EXAM
N
lai.N
d adsa
a
lsaai.lN
ai.N
a
PaPda
a
P Pa a
P Pa a
P Pa
QUESTIONS & ANSWERS
et et et et et t et et et et et et et et et et
a lsaai.lN
ai.N sa lsaai.lN
ai.N s a lsa2
i.lN
a i.Ne
amarks s a lsaai.lN
ai.N sa lsaai.lN
ai.N s a lsaai.lN
ai.N 2 marks s a lsaai.lN
ai.N s a lsaai.lN
ai.N
ur
1. Identify the disorder with which the person 1. Which gland is called as the “master gland”?
et et
shown e.Nt et
in the figure is suffering. et t [PTA-1]
e.Nt et et etGive reason. et et et et [Qy-2019] et et
e
a lsaai.lN
ai.N Ans.a l a i .lN
(i) a i
Goitre is the
a l a i .lN i
disorder
a with a lsaai.lN
ai.N a lsaai.lN
ai.N a lsaai.lN
ai.N a lsaai.lN
ai.N a lsaai.lN
ai.N
PaPdad Ans. ThePpituitary glandPor
aPdaahypophysis
s
a a s a s
a a s a s
a a s
a a s s is called
daada as
s
a
PaPdad Padad PaPdad aPdaada da PaP
a
PaPda
.s
whichPthe person shown the “master gland”. The pituitary gland forms
BIOLOGY
in the given figure suffers.

et et e.Nt et e.Nt et et et et etthe major endocrine et et gland in emost t
Net
vertebrates.et et
lsaai.lN
ai.N .lN
(ii)
i It is caused lsaai.lNaidue to the lsaai.lN
ai.N lsaai.lN
ai.N It regulates .lN lsaai.lN
ai.N controls sother
lsaaiand ai.endocrine lsaai.lN
ai.N
adglands
a a l a a i a a a a a
a d s
ada s a d s
ada d s
ada d s
ada d s
ada d ada d saa a
a
P Pa a
inadequate
P Pa supply P Pofa a a
P Pa a a aPa a
P Pa PaPda
w
andPsoP is called as theP “Master gland”.

iodine in our diet.
et et t et
i lai. It leads toathe et t et et gland i.Ne.Nt et et et et et et et
lsaa(iii) aenlargement of
lsaai.thyroid
e
a lsaai.lN
ai.N a
. N N lsaai.lN i.Ne a l
Nai.N a lsaalai ADDITIONAL alsaai.lNai.NQUESTIONS a lsaai.lNa&
i.NANSWERS a lsaai.lN
ai.N
s
a a a s s
a a da as s
a a s
a a s
a a a
a
PaPdad whichPaPdproduces
ada as a marked
PaPdad swelling in Pathe
w
neck and is called as goitre. Choose the correct answer 1 mark

et et et t et t et t et t et t et t et t
lsaai.lN
ai.N 2.salaaWhat
i.N
ai.N
e is parthenocarpic
lsaai.lN
ai.N
e fruit? ai.N Give ansalsaai1.
lsaai.lN
e .N e
ai.N The term i.N .Ne was introduced
lsaAuxin
alai lsaai.lN
e
ai.N by _______. lsaai.lN
ai.N
e
a
a adas l adsa
a adsa
a ada l adsa
a adsa
a adsa
a a
d
example. d d
P Pa (7 Marks) [PTA-6] d d d d PaPda
w
a
P Pa a
P Pa a a
P Pa aPa a
P Pa a a
(a) PWent (b) Kogl P P
Ans. (i) Development of fruits without fertilization (c) Charles Darwin (d) Kurosawa
a lsaai.lN
ai.N s a ai.N is parthenocarpic
lsaai.lN s a ai.N fruits. salsaai.lN
lsaai.lN ai.N s a ai.N
ai.N s a ai.N Ans. (b)saKogl
lsaai.lN lsaai.lN
ai.N
a a a a a da a daada a a a a a a a
PaPdad (ii) Gibberlins PaPdad induce Pathe
Pad formationPaPof 2. Auxins PaPdadwere identified PaPdadby ____________. PaPdad PaPda
parthenocarpic fruits. (a) Darwin (b) Kogl
et et (iii) et eEg:
t Tomato. .NeNt et et et et et et et e.Nt et et et
alsaai.lN
ai.N a lsaai.lN
ai.N ai.N (c) Went
lsaai.lN lsaai.lN
ai.N (d) aiFunk
lsaai.lN lsaai.lN
ai.N
s asaasa sa s a s a s a sa
a a a
PaPdad PaPdad
a a
PaPdad
a a
PaPdad PaPdaada a a
PaPdad Ans.
PaP(c)
daadWent
a a
PaPda
354
lsaai.lN
ai.N lsaai.lN
ai.N lsaai.lN
ai.N lsaai.lN
ai.N lsaai.lN
ai.N lsaai.lN
ai.N lsaai.lN
ai.N lsaai.lN
ai.N
8124201000
a s
a aa s
a aa s
a aa sa
a a s
a aa s a s a
a
PaPdad
a
PaPda
et et t
t
.NeNet
t
a
a
lsaai.lN
ai.N
asasa This
ai.N
asasa s
a aa lsaai.lN
ai.N s
a aalsaai.lN
a lsaai.lN
ai.N s a lsaai.lN
ai.N s a lsaai.lN
ai.N s alsaai.lN
ai.N s a lsaai.lN
ai.N s a lsaai.lN
ai.N sa lsaai.lN
ai.N s a lsaai.lN
ai.N
a
➠ X Std Science
et et H eigher
t et Order etT
ethinking S kills
et et Vetalue
et Based eQ
t euestions
t et et et et
lsaai.lN
ai.N lsaai.lN
ai.N lsaai.lN
ai.N lsaai.lN
ai.N lsaai.lN
ai.N lsaai.lN
ai.N lsaai.lN
ai.N lsaai.lN
ai.N
PaPdad (HOTS)PaPdad
a
a s
a aa s
a aa s
a aa s
a aa s
a aa sa
a a s
a aa a
PaPdad PaPdad PaPdad PaPdad
In botanical gardens and tea gardens the
1. PaPdad PaPda
1. Placing
gardeners trim the plants regularly so that
t et a ripe apple t in
t a bag of green t ebananas
lsaai lai. they remain ai.N bushy. sWrite ai.N the scientific
et et e e e e t e t et et et et et et et
a lsaai.lN
ai.N sa
. N
lsaawill
i lai. N
cause thems a
.
lsaaitol
Nai.ripen quickly.
N
s a
. N
lsaai laThis
i. N
occurs,s a
. N N
s a lsaai.lN a lsaai.lN s a lsaai.lN
ai.N
a a a
PaPdad because P aPdaada a a
PaPdad
a a
PaPdad explanation
PaPdad
a a of thisPpractice.
aPdaada a a
PaPdad
a
PaPda
m
the apple :
Ans. When the plants are trimmed, their apices are
a. Absorbs cytokinin
et et t t t t t t et etcut off andi.the et eapical
t bud isi.Nremoved.
et et Thusi.N inet et
lsab. ai.N Forms digestive ai.N enzymes
e e e e e e
lsaai.lN
ai.N i.lN lsaai.lN lsaai.lN
ai.N lsaai.lNai.N lsaalN ai.N lsaalai.N lsaalai.N
a
a s
a aa
PaPdad c.
a a
ada
s a s
a aa s
a aa the Pabsence
aPdaada of apicalPdominance,
s a s
aPdaada
a the lateral
a abuds
s a a
Lacks
PaPdAuxin PaPdad PaPdad PaPdad PaPda
o
show active growth and produce more branches
d. Produces ethylene
making the plant bushy.
et et Ans. Produces t
e e t Ethylene. et et et et et et et et et et et et
lsaai.lN ai.Ni.N ai.Ni.N ai.Ni.N ai.Ni.N ai.Ni.N ai.Ni.N ai.Ni.N
.c
ai.N l a l la al la al la al la al la al la
a asasal adsa
asa daadsasa daadsasa daadsasa daadsasa daadsasa
E
a a
ada Which one
PaPd2. PaPda
of the plant hormones would you
P aP P aP xpand
P aP the P a
following
P P a
abbreviations
P PaPda
use if you are asked to
Unit 16- Plant and Animal Hormones
1. et t ABA - et tAbscisic Acid.et t

lsaai.lN
et et
ai.N a.
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BIOLOGY
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Unit 17- Reproduction in Plants and Animals

Ans. True. et t words and their relationship and suggest a
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body of a fungus.
BIOLOGY
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6. Division of zygote to form Blastula.
by posterior pituitary hormone oxytocin.t
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explanation PaPdad PaPdad PaPdad PaPdad PaPda
383
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salsaala
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Unit 18- Genetics

et t True or et F t alse. Correct
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BIOLOGY
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dominant factor.
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BIOLOGY
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Thet ban on plasticst by the Government will

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Unit 22- Environmental Management
lsaameet
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a
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BIOLOGY
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QuestionsP are incorporated in the appropriate sections. P P

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12. et t Plant Anatomy and PlantePhysiology 269-289

18. Genetics 389-406

20. Breeding and Biotechnology 421-438

Govt. Model Question Paper 2019-20 494-496

parallel to each other.

Unit 1- Laws of Motion

F1 × d1 = F2 × d2 To find : Acceleration due to the same force on

momentum takes place in the direction of

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exerted by the spring in the opposite direction.

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Given current in a circuit.

E = 120 × (a) steel spoon

Laws of Doppler Properties

(a) 330 ms–1 (b) 165 ms–1 Ans. False.

3. The velocity of sound is independent of

6. The sound waves are reflected from an obstacle dependent of temperature.

When the source is moving towards the

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220 i.e., they travel as variations in pressure. So they

(Consider the speed of sound in air at 0°C is thunder?

= 331.3 + (0.61 × 23)

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can be divided into two parts i) Diagnosis needed.

m Unit 6- Nuclear Physics

7. Which type of Nradiation requires et thick layers Net et

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et et .NeNt et Ans. e et(a)

et et To ifind et e:t Apparenti.frequency

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