Function allocation in safety-critical systems is not a new research topic. However, there is a n... more Function allocation in safety-critical systems is not a new research topic. However, there is a need for unifying what is separately done in engineering, human factors and organization science. In aviation for example, functions have been allocated on the flight deck and on the ground control stations, but very little has been done in between flight decks and ground stations. As we go forward, a multitude of machine agents grows and intertwined information flows become more important to understand information management by both individuals and organizations. This paper proposes a new approach to function allocation among human and machine agents based on the orchestra metaphor, where agents are considered as musicians. This kind of model requires a common frame of reference (the music theory), contracts (scores) must be appropriately initially and formally coordinated (the role of the composer), real-time coordination (the role of the conductor), and specific abilities to perform according to contracts (role and proficiency of the musicians). Contracts are seen as scenarios or storyboards, with an additional responsibility dimension. More generally, authority has become the central driving force of the model, where authority encapsulates both control and accountability. The understanding, which we commonly have of an orchestra, is extended by including authority trading that is based on negotiation among agents, as musicians. Examples are taken from the air traffic management domain currently under investigation worldwide. The Orchestra model is compared to previous related theoretical models of socio-technical systems.
In this paper, we discuss an effort to develop and evaluate a generic agent framework. A major go... more In this paper, we discuss an effort to develop and evaluate a generic agent framework. A major goal of this work was to separate genetic agent characteristics from domainspecific characteristics. To test out our ideas, we implemented a demonstration prototype called KAoS (Knowledgeable Agent-oriented System) in SmaUtalk-80 on the Macintosh, extending the Smalltalk primitives in C.
Advances in Human Factors and Ergonomics Series, 2010
The proposed architecture for socio-cultural modeling is based on the concept of social object th... more The proposed architecture for socio-cultural modeling is based on the concept of social object that has been instantiated in the form of scenarios. Players of these scenarios are called agents who/that have cognitive functions. Anytime a scenario is developed with domain experts, emergent cognitive functions are generated. It is the incremental inductive generation of cognitive function networks that progressively shape purposeful social objects.
Presses Universitaires de France. Tous droits réservés pour tous pays. La reproduction ou représe... more Presses Universitaires de France. Tous droits réservés pour tous pays. La reproduction ou représentation de cet article, notamment par photocopie, n'est autorisée que dans les limites des conditions générales d'utilisation du site ou, le cas échéant, des conditions générales de la licence souscrite par votre établissement. Toute autre reproduction ou représentation, en tout ou partie, sous quelque forme et de quelque manière que ce soit, est interdite sauf accord préalable et écrit de l'éditeur, en dehors des cas prévus par la législation en vigueur en France. Il est précisé que son stockage dans une base de données est également interdit. Diogène, n° 196, octobre-décembre 2001. MÉMOIRES EXTERNES HYPERTEXTE, TRACES ET AGENTS par GUY BOY Avant-propos 1. J'utiliserai les termes savoir et connaissances indifféremment dans le reste de ce chapitre.
Local SIGs CHIkids New Executive Committee SIGCHI-sponsored conferences are the largest forum tha... more Local SIGs CHIkids New Executive Committee SIGCHI-sponsored conferences are the largest forum that SIGCHI provides for SIGCHI members. We hope that those of you who participate in designing, implementing, and attending these forums will continue to view them as an effective means to share information, renew old friendships, form new friendships, and to share, receive, and generate intellectual energy. These conferences are also the best time for the Executive Committee to get a sense of how our membership would like to see our society, conferences, and activities evolve. In writing this column to reflect on CHI 97, we focus on conference events that we believe will have a significant and immediate impact on our evolution as a profession and as a professional society -international issues, local SIGs, and CHIkids.
... Terry Winograd Stanford University In early 1997, a distinguished group of researchers in the... more ... Terry Winograd Stanford University In early 1997, a distinguished group of researchers in the computing, social, behavioral, organizational, information, and engineering sciences gathered for a workshop sponsored by the National Science Foundation (Flanagan, Huang, Jones ...
The chapters in the book come from an international group of authors with diverse backgrounds inc... more The chapters in the book come from an international group of authors with diverse backgrounds including ergonomics, psychology, architecture, computer science, engineering, and sociology. Specific topics include biometric systems development, military command and control, cellular phone interface design, methodologies for workplace design, medical device design, cockpit display and decision tool design for pilots, driver visual and cognitive processes, and performance of inspection tasks in manufacturing operations; and extend to human-automation integration in future aviation systems, novel 3-D display technologies for enhancing information analysis, training methods for mental models, approaches to activity analysis, new research-oriented frameworks and paradigms in training, and the use of virtual reality for skill development and assessment. The book is divided into sections covering: I. Cultural Differences in Computing Systems Design II. Decision Making and Decision Support II...
Target Audiences. While many authors say things like "this book in intended for . . . ," Dr. Boy ... more Target Audiences. While many authors say things like "this book in intended for . . . ," Dr. Boy does not. From the title, you might expect this to be a 'how to' book for mid-to senior-level systems engineers, human factors engineers, and process engineers. This is reasonable. I believe he is talking to people mature enough to think about their roles philosophically, rather than merely procedurally. For academics who deal with humans in systems concerns, the book is rich in references and theory of design processes. Lastly, I believe this book is also targeted at company chief technology officers, program chief engineers, and systems engineering managers who must make decisions on product design philosophies, R&D investment strategies, and human resource allocations on product line and individual program developments. Included in all of these are decisions on when, how much, and how we think about the human elements (e.g., builders, transporters, installers, operators, maintainers, and others) who will be involved in some way with our systems over the system life cycle. ; he has over a 30-year career in the human and machine interaction/integration domain. He is a prolific author, and has an extensive set of publications in both French and English, including 10 books. He has supported and consulted with both industry and government. The extent of his experience allows him to bring engineering, managerial, and philosophical perspectives to the discussion. Additional information on Dr. Boy is available through my.fit.edu/~gboy, and via googling his name. He is obviously very well qualified to author in this engineering and management area.
Local SIGs CHIkids New Executive Committee SIGCHI-sponsored conferences are the largest forum tha... more Local SIGs CHIkids New Executive Committee SIGCHI-sponsored conferences are the largest forum that SIGCHI provides for SIGCHI members. We hope that those of you who participate in designing, implementing, and attending these forums will continue to view them as an effective means to share information, renew old friendships, form new friendships, and to share, receive, and generate intellectual energy. These conferences are also the best time for the Executive Committee to get a sense of how our membership would like to see our society, conferences, and activities evolve. In writing this column to reflect on CHI 97, we focus on conference events that we believe will have a significant and immediate impact on our evolution as a profession and as a professional society -international issues, local SIGs, and CHIkids.
Home> Analysis, Design, and Evaluation of Human-Machine Systems> 10th IFAC, IFIP, I... more Home> Analysis, Design, and Evaluation of Human-Machine Systems> 10th IFAC, IFIP, IFORS, IEA Symposium on Analysis, Design, and Evaluation of Human-Machine Systems> Panel on authority distribution in human-machine systems
Knowledge management in the design of safety-critical systems addresses the question of how desig... more Knowledge management in the design of safety-critical systems addresses the question of how designers can share, capitalize and re-use knowledge in an effective and reliable way. Knowledge management is situated in groups, organizations and communities, playing different roles in the design process. Design of safety-critical systems has specific properties, such as dealing with complexity, traceability, maturity of knowledge, interaction between experts, awareness of the status of information, and trust in knowledge. Documentation is of crucial importance in design processes, ensuring that these properties are taken care of in a proper and reliable way. However, writing is not an easy task for engineers and support is needed. Several knowledge management solutions, both tools and organizational set-ups, are available to support design work, such as active notification of changes, personal and team work-spaces, active design documents and knowledge portal solutions.
Function allocation in safety-critical systems is not a new research topic. However, there is a n... more Function allocation in safety-critical systems is not a new research topic. However, there is a need for unifying what is separately done in engineering, human factors and organization science. In aviation for example, functions have been allocated on the flight deck and on the ground control stations, but very little has been done in between flight decks and ground stations. As we go forward, a multitude of machine agents grows and intertwined information flows become more important to understand information management by both individuals and organizations. This paper proposes a new approach to function allocation among human and machine agents based on the orchestra metaphor, where agents are considered as musicians. This kind of model requires a common frame of reference (the music theory), contracts (scores) must be appropriately initially and formally coordinated (the role of the composer), real-time coordination (the role of the conductor), and specific abilities to perform according to contracts (role and proficiency of the musicians). Contracts are seen as scenarios or storyboards, with an additional responsibility dimension. More generally, authority has become the central driving force of the model, where authority encapsulates both control and accountability. The understanding, which we commonly have of an orchestra, is extended by including authority trading that is based on negotiation among agents, as musicians. Examples are taken from the air traffic management domain currently under investigation worldwide. The Orchestra model is compared to previous related theoretical models of socio-technical systems.
In this paper, we discuss an effort to develop and evaluate a generic agent framework. A major go... more In this paper, we discuss an effort to develop and evaluate a generic agent framework. A major goal of this work was to separate genetic agent characteristics from domainspecific characteristics. To test out our ideas, we implemented a demonstration prototype called KAoS (Knowledgeable Agent-oriented System) in SmaUtalk-80 on the Macintosh, extending the Smalltalk primitives in C.
Advances in Human Factors and Ergonomics Series, 2010
The proposed architecture for socio-cultural modeling is based on the concept of social object th... more The proposed architecture for socio-cultural modeling is based on the concept of social object that has been instantiated in the form of scenarios. Players of these scenarios are called agents who/that have cognitive functions. Anytime a scenario is developed with domain experts, emergent cognitive functions are generated. It is the incremental inductive generation of cognitive function networks that progressively shape purposeful social objects.
Presses Universitaires de France. Tous droits réservés pour tous pays. La reproduction ou représe... more Presses Universitaires de France. Tous droits réservés pour tous pays. La reproduction ou représentation de cet article, notamment par photocopie, n'est autorisée que dans les limites des conditions générales d'utilisation du site ou, le cas échéant, des conditions générales de la licence souscrite par votre établissement. Toute autre reproduction ou représentation, en tout ou partie, sous quelque forme et de quelque manière que ce soit, est interdite sauf accord préalable et écrit de l'éditeur, en dehors des cas prévus par la législation en vigueur en France. Il est précisé que son stockage dans une base de données est également interdit. Diogène, n° 196, octobre-décembre 2001. MÉMOIRES EXTERNES HYPERTEXTE, TRACES ET AGENTS par GUY BOY Avant-propos 1. J'utiliserai les termes savoir et connaissances indifféremment dans le reste de ce chapitre.
Local SIGs CHIkids New Executive Committee SIGCHI-sponsored conferences are the largest forum tha... more Local SIGs CHIkids New Executive Committee SIGCHI-sponsored conferences are the largest forum that SIGCHI provides for SIGCHI members. We hope that those of you who participate in designing, implementing, and attending these forums will continue to view them as an effective means to share information, renew old friendships, form new friendships, and to share, receive, and generate intellectual energy. These conferences are also the best time for the Executive Committee to get a sense of how our membership would like to see our society, conferences, and activities evolve. In writing this column to reflect on CHI 97, we focus on conference events that we believe will have a significant and immediate impact on our evolution as a profession and as a professional society -international issues, local SIGs, and CHIkids.
... Terry Winograd Stanford University In early 1997, a distinguished group of researchers in the... more ... Terry Winograd Stanford University In early 1997, a distinguished group of researchers in the computing, social, behavioral, organizational, information, and engineering sciences gathered for a workshop sponsored by the National Science Foundation (Flanagan, Huang, Jones ...
The chapters in the book come from an international group of authors with diverse backgrounds inc... more The chapters in the book come from an international group of authors with diverse backgrounds including ergonomics, psychology, architecture, computer science, engineering, and sociology. Specific topics include biometric systems development, military command and control, cellular phone interface design, methodologies for workplace design, medical device design, cockpit display and decision tool design for pilots, driver visual and cognitive processes, and performance of inspection tasks in manufacturing operations; and extend to human-automation integration in future aviation systems, novel 3-D display technologies for enhancing information analysis, training methods for mental models, approaches to activity analysis, new research-oriented frameworks and paradigms in training, and the use of virtual reality for skill development and assessment. The book is divided into sections covering: I. Cultural Differences in Computing Systems Design II. Decision Making and Decision Support II...
Target Audiences. While many authors say things like "this book in intended for . . . ," Dr. Boy ... more Target Audiences. While many authors say things like "this book in intended for . . . ," Dr. Boy does not. From the title, you might expect this to be a 'how to' book for mid-to senior-level systems engineers, human factors engineers, and process engineers. This is reasonable. I believe he is talking to people mature enough to think about their roles philosophically, rather than merely procedurally. For academics who deal with humans in systems concerns, the book is rich in references and theory of design processes. Lastly, I believe this book is also targeted at company chief technology officers, program chief engineers, and systems engineering managers who must make decisions on product design philosophies, R&D investment strategies, and human resource allocations on product line and individual program developments. Included in all of these are decisions on when, how much, and how we think about the human elements (e.g., builders, transporters, installers, operators, maintainers, and others) who will be involved in some way with our systems over the system life cycle. ; he has over a 30-year career in the human and machine interaction/integration domain. He is a prolific author, and has an extensive set of publications in both French and English, including 10 books. He has supported and consulted with both industry and government. The extent of his experience allows him to bring engineering, managerial, and philosophical perspectives to the discussion. Additional information on Dr. Boy is available through my.fit.edu/~gboy, and via googling his name. He is obviously very well qualified to author in this engineering and management area.
Local SIGs CHIkids New Executive Committee SIGCHI-sponsored conferences are the largest forum tha... more Local SIGs CHIkids New Executive Committee SIGCHI-sponsored conferences are the largest forum that SIGCHI provides for SIGCHI members. We hope that those of you who participate in designing, implementing, and attending these forums will continue to view them as an effective means to share information, renew old friendships, form new friendships, and to share, receive, and generate intellectual energy. These conferences are also the best time for the Executive Committee to get a sense of how our membership would like to see our society, conferences, and activities evolve. In writing this column to reflect on CHI 97, we focus on conference events that we believe will have a significant and immediate impact on our evolution as a profession and as a professional society -international issues, local SIGs, and CHIkids.
Home> Analysis, Design, and Evaluation of Human-Machine Systems> 10th IFAC, IFIP, I... more Home> Analysis, Design, and Evaluation of Human-Machine Systems> 10th IFAC, IFIP, IFORS, IEA Symposium on Analysis, Design, and Evaluation of Human-Machine Systems> Panel on authority distribution in human-machine systems
Knowledge management in the design of safety-critical systems addresses the question of how desig... more Knowledge management in the design of safety-critical systems addresses the question of how designers can share, capitalize and re-use knowledge in an effective and reliable way. Knowledge management is situated in groups, organizations and communities, playing different roles in the design process. Design of safety-critical systems has specific properties, such as dealing with complexity, traceability, maturity of knowledge, interaction between experts, awareness of the status of information, and trust in knowledge. Documentation is of crucial importance in design processes, ensuring that these properties are taken care of in a proper and reliable way. However, writing is not an easy task for engineers and support is needed. Several knowledge management solutions, both tools and organizational set-ups, are available to support design work, such as active notification of changes, personal and team work-spaces, active design documents and knowledge portal solutions.
This paper describes the early stage research of the Trajectory Recovery System (TRS). TRS provid... more This paper describes the early stage research of the Trajectory Recovery System (TRS). TRS provides directly perceivable and actionable aerodynamic performance and recovery information to a pilot in the event of an In-Flight Loss of Control (ILOC) event arising from exceedance of the aircraft's critical angle of attack (AOA), ILOC-S. Documented here, is the Human Centered Design (HCD) approach that was utilized to conceptualize, formalize, and select TRS design options. As a Joint Cognitive System (JCS), TRS architecture provides for fluid multi-agent interaction for optimum aerospace system vehicle performance. Therefore, the human-agent model for interaction that theoretically supports TRS is described. Prototyping history, from wireframe to a Wizard-of-Oz test bed, to an aerodynamically optimized algorithm animating a functionally flyable prototyping is reported.
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