This article analyzes the efforts of the International Health Division of the Rockefeller Foundat... more This article analyzes the efforts of the International Health Division of the Rockefeller Foundation (IHDRF) in its project initiative that resulted in the extermination of the African mosquito Anopheles gambiae from Brazil in 1940. This species, which originated in Dakar, Senegal, was identified in the Brazilian city of Natal in 1930, where insufficient local emergency sanitation actions enabled it to spread into the interior of the Brazilian northeast, causing an unprecedented malaria epidemic in the Americas in 1938, after years of silent spread. We will analyse the formation of Brazil’s Malaria Service of the Northeast (MSNE), discussing its political and scientific controversies and how the transition from the idea of extermination to the idea of eradication was consolidated in the political process of creating this successful sanitation campaign. In addition, we will discuss how the integration and transnational development of medical entomology at the time was a fundamental factor in the cooperation and challenges among scientists involved in this campaign. The international cooperation of scientists, albeit oriented towards the project of eradication of this mosquito, organised different research agendas and gained new insights into the global dissemination of mosquito-borne diseases.
In the histories of Zika, dengue, and yellow fever in Brazil, which span more than a century, the... more In the histories of Zika, dengue, and yellow fever in Brazil, which span more than a century, the vector of these viruses, the black-and-white striped Aedes aegypti, has always been framed as the ‘epidemic villain’, as the assumed culprit and the target of governmental policies to control the pathogens it can carry. In this chapter, however, we examine the A. aegypti’s historical trajectory to show how, although there is a continuity in dominant designations of the mosquito as the villain, the epidemiological and political meanings of these virus-mosquito-human interactions significantly change over time. By juxtaposing the analysis of the making of the vector in three historical moments in Brazil as the A. aegypti carried three different viruses (yellow fever, dengue, and Zika), we highlight the importance of the virus-mosquito dyad in the making of the vector. Furthermore, we argue that the mosquito as a vector carried not only three epidemiologically distinct pathogens, but also very different political desires, struggles, and debates.
Entrevista sobre a história do desenvolvimento do vírus do mixoma (MYXV) e seu uso para controle ... more Entrevista sobre a história do desenvolvimento do vírus do mixoma (MYXV) e seu uso para controle biológico contra uma praga de coelhos na Austrália. A narrativa segue as pesquisas de Henrique de Beaurepaire Aragão no IOC e, posteriormente, os esforços da cientista australiana Jean Macnamara para implementar o MYXV para controlar a praga de coelhos na Austrália.
Global Public Health (Special Issue): Politics of Elimination in Global Health: From control to the end of disease, 2023
This article analyzes the efforts of the International Health Division of the
Rockefeller Foundat... more This article analyzes the efforts of the International Health Division of the Rockefeller Foundation (IHDRF) in its project initiative that resulted in the extermination of the African mosquito Anopheles gambiae from Brazil in 1940. This species, which originated in Dakar, Senegal, was identified in the Brazilian city of Natal in 1930, where insufficient local emergency sanitation actions enabled it to spread into the interior of the Brazilian northeast, causing an unprecedented malaria epidemic in the Americas in 1938, after years of silent spread. We will analyse the formation of Brazil’s Malaria Service of the Northeast (MSNE), discussing its political and scientific controversies and how the transition from the idea of extermination to the idea of eradication was consolidated in the political process of creating this successful sanitation campaign. In addition, we will discuss how the integration and transnational development of medical entomology at the time was a fundamental factor in the cooperation and challenges among scientists involved in this campaign. The international cooperation of scientists, albeit oriented towards the project of eradication of this mosquito, organised different research agendas and gained new insights into the global dissemination of mosquito-borne diseases.
The article analyzes the arrival and identification of the African mosquito Anopheles gambiae in ... more The article analyzes the arrival and identification of the African mosquito Anopheles gambiae in Brazil in 1930, and the initial reactions of scientists and public health authorities against the epidemics of malaria caused by this species. Although this mosquito was recognized as a dangerous vector of malaria, its presence in Brazil was neglected after initial emergency actions in the city of Natal in 1932; this encouraged it to spread silently, resulting in a major malaria epidemic in 1938. This article examines scientific and political issues which caused the fight against mosquitoes to be pushed into the background until 1937 in cooperative efforts between the Rockefeller Foundation’s International Health Division and the Brazilian authorities.
This article examines the emergence of a synergy that allowed the early development of what was o... more This article examines the emergence of a synergy that allowed the early development of what was once considered the best anti-AIDS program in the developing world. Initial responses to AIDS in Brazil during the 1980s and early 1990s were marked by a confrontation between activists concerned with human rights, and a government focusing on biomedical management of the epidemic. After 1992, activists, medical researchers, government officials, international donors like the Ford Foundation, health officers, and multilateral agencies like the World Bank were galvanized to cooperate. This was a complex process of braiding knowledge and practices related to activism, science, public health, governance and philanthropy in which each constituency maintained its independence. The result was a complex, holistic, and nuanced AIDS program. The process helped bridge the gap between knowledge and advocacy, generated public awareness, and was instrumental to reducing AIDS mortality developing local...
In the histories of Zika, dengue, and yellow fever in Brazil, which span more than a century, the... more In the histories of Zika, dengue, and yellow fever in Brazil, which span more than a century, the vector of these viruses, the black-and-white striped Aedes aegypti, has always been framed as the ‘epidemic villain’, as the assumed culprit and the target of governmental policies to control the pathogens it can carry. In this chapter, however, we examine the A. aegypti’s historical trajectory to show how, although there is a continuity in dominant designations of the mosquito as the villain, the epidemiological and political meanings of these virus-mosquito-human interactions significantly change over time. By juxtaposing the analysis of the making of the vector in three historical moments in Brazil as the A. aegypti carried three different viruses (yellow fever, dengue, and Zika), we highlight the importance of the virus-mosquito dyad in the making of the vector. Furthermore, we argue that the mosquito as a vector carried not only three epidemiologically distinct pathogens, but also very different political desires, struggles, and debates.
É muito comum que estudantes olhem para seus professores e não consigam imaginar que estes também... more É muito comum que estudantes olhem para seus professores e não consigam imaginar que estes também foram estudantes. Estar diante de um profissional com a carreira consolidada muitas vezes não nos permite dimensionar a trajetória que nela resultou. A pesquisadora Dilene Raimundo do Nascimento, grande referência na área de História das Doenças, nos recebeu em sua residência e nos contou um pouco de sua história, que se confunde com a própria formação do campo de estudo. Assistente social, médica, sanitarista e historiadora, a pesquisadora narra o percurso dessa formação complexa e interessante.
Historia Ambiental Latinoamericana y Caribeña (HALAC) revista de la Solcha
O O presente artigo analisa os desdobramentos da ideia do Antropoceno na história a partir das re... more O O presente artigo analisa os desdobramentos da ideia do Antropoceno na história a partir das reflexões desenvolvidas pelo historiador indiano Dipesh Chakrabarty no artigo “O Clima da História: Quatro Teses”, publicado em 2009, e em escritos posteriores, mapeando seus principais argumentos e as controvérsias que suscitaram. Apresentamos como a crescente discussão do termo se ampliou no campo das humanidades nos últimos 10 anos a partir das reflexões pioneiras de Chakrabarty, as quais assumiram centralidade no debate, em interlocução com historiadores e demais pesquisadores das humanidades em função do caráter controverso de suas ideias e densidade filosófica. Mostramos como os debates que gravitam ao redor das propostas de Chakrabarty fazem repensar diversos pressupostos fundamentais da história, como a redefinição do humano como sujeito histórico ao assumir dimensão geológica na história e os problemas relacionados às articulações de escalas espaço-temporais exigidas pela hipótese...
É com muita alegria que apresentamos o dossiê História da Saúde e das Doenças: experiências e per... more É com muita alegria que apresentamos o dossiê História da Saúde e das Doenças: experiências e perspectivas, trazendo trabalhos que exploram temáticas variadas na área. Nas últimas décadas, cresceu consideravelmente a produção de pesquisas no âmbito da História das Doenças e da Saúde. As pesquisas sobre a história do conhecimento médico e científico, antes restritas ao esforço de memória dos profissionais da área, foram incorporados ao ofício de historiadores(as), abrindo um leque infinito de análises sobre a institucionalização de saberes e práticas; a ancoragem social e histórica do conhecimento médico-científico; as políticas públicas de saúde; a experiência do adoecimento etc.
Resumo O artigo analisa a singularidade dos processos históricos, científicos e políticos que vão... more Resumo O artigo analisa a singularidade dos processos históricos, científicos e políticos que vão da descoberta da doença que passou a ser conhecida como mixomatose infecciosa, causada pelo vírus do mixoma (MYXV), à sua aplicação no controle de uma praga de coelhos na Austrália. A narrativa segue especialmente as pesquisas de Henrique de Beaurepaire Aragão, pesquisador do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, e posteriormente os esforços da cientista Jean Macnamara para promover pesquisas e implementar o MYXV na Austrália. Foram consultadas notas de pesquisa de cientistas, documentos oficiais que registraram o desenvolvimento dos experimentos, bem como periódicos. Nesse processo, foi considerado o desenvolvimento histórico do campo de estudos da virologia e controle biológico.
O presente trabalho pretende abordar a reinfestação do Aedes aegypti e a (re)emergência de arbovi... more O presente trabalho pretende abordar a reinfestação do Aedes aegypti e a (re)emergência de arboviroses urbanas, analisando a história do retorno e permanência do mosquito Aedes aegypti, a partir do início da década de 1980. Como marco inicial, estabelecemos a epidemia de dengue de 1981 em Cuba, que colocou a dengue hemorrágica como centro de uma controvérsia política sobre seu possível uso como arma biológica pelos EUA. A epidemia de dengue no Brasil produziu conflitos político-sanitários entre as esferas estadual e federal pautadas pelo ritmo do alastramento da dengue. As tensões causadas por ambos os processos aproximaram sanitaristas cubanos e brasileiros que buscaram fazer um balanço e encontrar soluções para as novas epidemias de dengue em reuniões e congressos científicos que reuniram pesquisadores, sanitaristas e médicos latinoamericanos como o Simpósio Internacional Sobre Febre Amarela e Dengue realizado no Rio de Janeiro em 1988.
Resumo O artigo analisa a chegada e identificação do mosquito africano Anopheles gambiae no Brasi... more Resumo O artigo analisa a chegada e identificação do mosquito africano Anopheles gambiae no Brasil em 1930 e as primeiras reações de cientistas e autoridades de saúde pública contra as epidemias de malária causadas por essa espécie. Apesar de ter sido reconhecido como perigoso vetor da malária, sua presença em território nacional foi negligenciada a partir de 1932, após ações emergenciais na capital do Rio Grande do Norte, favorecendo um alastramento silencioso que resultou em uma grande epidemia de malária em 1938. São abordadas questões científicas e políticas que contribuíram para que o combate ao mosquito fosse colocado em segundo plano nas articulações entre a Divisão Sanitária Internacional da Fundação Rockefeller e autoridades brasileiras até 1937.
In the mid-1990s, Brazil became a player in the global politics of AIDS through its participation... more In the mid-1990s, Brazil became a player in the global politics of AIDS through its participation in debates on whether antiretroviral drugs were commodities or public goods. Brazilian actors not only challenged powerful pharmaceutical companies but the assumption that international health policies were solely defined in developed countries. After 1996, a coalition of Brazilian officers, health activists, people living with Aids and medical scientists advocated for universal access to generic medication (instead of costly patented drugs) and publicized its achievements at home and abroad, such as a marked decline in AIDS cases. However, during the first decade of the twenty-first century increased costs, little attention to prevention and the persistence of homophobia hindered treatment. Moreover, unilateral US programmes and conservative evangelicals glorifying sexual abstinence sabotaged anti-AIDS work. After the financial crisis of 2008, universal access to ARVs lost political momentum and sustaining treatment became difficult in Brazil.
The article analyzes the arrival and
identification of the African mosquito
Anopheles gambiae in ... more The article analyzes the arrival and identification of the African mosquito Anopheles gambiae in Brazil in 1930, and the initial reactions of scientists and public health authorities against the epidemics of malaria caused by this species. Although this mosquito was recognized as a dangerous vector of malaria, its presence in Brazil was neglected after initial emergency actions in the city of Natal in 1932; this encouraged it to spread silently, resulting in a major malaria epidemic in 1938. This article examines scientific and political issues which caused the fight against mosquitoes to be pushed into the background until 1937 in cooperative efforts between the Rockefeller Foundation’s International Health Division and the Brazilian authorities.
This article analyzes the efforts of the International Health Division of the Rockefeller Foundat... more This article analyzes the efforts of the International Health Division of the Rockefeller Foundation (IHDRF) in its project initiative that resulted in the extermination of the African mosquito Anopheles gambiae from Brazil in 1940. This species, which originated in Dakar, Senegal, was identified in the Brazilian city of Natal in 1930, where insufficient local emergency sanitation actions enabled it to spread into the interior of the Brazilian northeast, causing an unprecedented malaria epidemic in the Americas in 1938, after years of silent spread. We will analyse the formation of Brazil’s Malaria Service of the Northeast (MSNE), discussing its political and scientific controversies and how the transition from the idea of extermination to the idea of eradication was consolidated in the political process of creating this successful sanitation campaign. In addition, we will discuss how the integration and transnational development of medical entomology at the time was a fundamental factor in the cooperation and challenges among scientists involved in this campaign. The international cooperation of scientists, albeit oriented towards the project of eradication of this mosquito, organised different research agendas and gained new insights into the global dissemination of mosquito-borne diseases.
In the histories of Zika, dengue, and yellow fever in Brazil, which span more than a century, the... more In the histories of Zika, dengue, and yellow fever in Brazil, which span more than a century, the vector of these viruses, the black-and-white striped Aedes aegypti, has always been framed as the ‘epidemic villain’, as the assumed culprit and the target of governmental policies to control the pathogens it can carry. In this chapter, however, we examine the A. aegypti’s historical trajectory to show how, although there is a continuity in dominant designations of the mosquito as the villain, the epidemiological and political meanings of these virus-mosquito-human interactions significantly change over time. By juxtaposing the analysis of the making of the vector in three historical moments in Brazil as the A. aegypti carried three different viruses (yellow fever, dengue, and Zika), we highlight the importance of the virus-mosquito dyad in the making of the vector. Furthermore, we argue that the mosquito as a vector carried not only three epidemiologically distinct pathogens, but also very different political desires, struggles, and debates.
Entrevista sobre a história do desenvolvimento do vírus do mixoma (MYXV) e seu uso para controle ... more Entrevista sobre a história do desenvolvimento do vírus do mixoma (MYXV) e seu uso para controle biológico contra uma praga de coelhos na Austrália. A narrativa segue as pesquisas de Henrique de Beaurepaire Aragão no IOC e, posteriormente, os esforços da cientista australiana Jean Macnamara para implementar o MYXV para controlar a praga de coelhos na Austrália.
Global Public Health (Special Issue): Politics of Elimination in Global Health: From control to the end of disease, 2023
This article analyzes the efforts of the International Health Division of the
Rockefeller Foundat... more This article analyzes the efforts of the International Health Division of the Rockefeller Foundation (IHDRF) in its project initiative that resulted in the extermination of the African mosquito Anopheles gambiae from Brazil in 1940. This species, which originated in Dakar, Senegal, was identified in the Brazilian city of Natal in 1930, where insufficient local emergency sanitation actions enabled it to spread into the interior of the Brazilian northeast, causing an unprecedented malaria epidemic in the Americas in 1938, after years of silent spread. We will analyse the formation of Brazil’s Malaria Service of the Northeast (MSNE), discussing its political and scientific controversies and how the transition from the idea of extermination to the idea of eradication was consolidated in the political process of creating this successful sanitation campaign. In addition, we will discuss how the integration and transnational development of medical entomology at the time was a fundamental factor in the cooperation and challenges among scientists involved in this campaign. The international cooperation of scientists, albeit oriented towards the project of eradication of this mosquito, organised different research agendas and gained new insights into the global dissemination of mosquito-borne diseases.
The article analyzes the arrival and identification of the African mosquito Anopheles gambiae in ... more The article analyzes the arrival and identification of the African mosquito Anopheles gambiae in Brazil in 1930, and the initial reactions of scientists and public health authorities against the epidemics of malaria caused by this species. Although this mosquito was recognized as a dangerous vector of malaria, its presence in Brazil was neglected after initial emergency actions in the city of Natal in 1932; this encouraged it to spread silently, resulting in a major malaria epidemic in 1938. This article examines scientific and political issues which caused the fight against mosquitoes to be pushed into the background until 1937 in cooperative efforts between the Rockefeller Foundation’s International Health Division and the Brazilian authorities.
This article examines the emergence of a synergy that allowed the early development of what was o... more This article examines the emergence of a synergy that allowed the early development of what was once considered the best anti-AIDS program in the developing world. Initial responses to AIDS in Brazil during the 1980s and early 1990s were marked by a confrontation between activists concerned with human rights, and a government focusing on biomedical management of the epidemic. After 1992, activists, medical researchers, government officials, international donors like the Ford Foundation, health officers, and multilateral agencies like the World Bank were galvanized to cooperate. This was a complex process of braiding knowledge and practices related to activism, science, public health, governance and philanthropy in which each constituency maintained its independence. The result was a complex, holistic, and nuanced AIDS program. The process helped bridge the gap between knowledge and advocacy, generated public awareness, and was instrumental to reducing AIDS mortality developing local...
In the histories of Zika, dengue, and yellow fever in Brazil, which span more than a century, the... more In the histories of Zika, dengue, and yellow fever in Brazil, which span more than a century, the vector of these viruses, the black-and-white striped Aedes aegypti, has always been framed as the ‘epidemic villain’, as the assumed culprit and the target of governmental policies to control the pathogens it can carry. In this chapter, however, we examine the A. aegypti’s historical trajectory to show how, although there is a continuity in dominant designations of the mosquito as the villain, the epidemiological and political meanings of these virus-mosquito-human interactions significantly change over time. By juxtaposing the analysis of the making of the vector in three historical moments in Brazil as the A. aegypti carried three different viruses (yellow fever, dengue, and Zika), we highlight the importance of the virus-mosquito dyad in the making of the vector. Furthermore, we argue that the mosquito as a vector carried not only three epidemiologically distinct pathogens, but also very different political desires, struggles, and debates.
É muito comum que estudantes olhem para seus professores e não consigam imaginar que estes também... more É muito comum que estudantes olhem para seus professores e não consigam imaginar que estes também foram estudantes. Estar diante de um profissional com a carreira consolidada muitas vezes não nos permite dimensionar a trajetória que nela resultou. A pesquisadora Dilene Raimundo do Nascimento, grande referência na área de História das Doenças, nos recebeu em sua residência e nos contou um pouco de sua história, que se confunde com a própria formação do campo de estudo. Assistente social, médica, sanitarista e historiadora, a pesquisadora narra o percurso dessa formação complexa e interessante.
Historia Ambiental Latinoamericana y Caribeña (HALAC) revista de la Solcha
O O presente artigo analisa os desdobramentos da ideia do Antropoceno na história a partir das re... more O O presente artigo analisa os desdobramentos da ideia do Antropoceno na história a partir das reflexões desenvolvidas pelo historiador indiano Dipesh Chakrabarty no artigo “O Clima da História: Quatro Teses”, publicado em 2009, e em escritos posteriores, mapeando seus principais argumentos e as controvérsias que suscitaram. Apresentamos como a crescente discussão do termo se ampliou no campo das humanidades nos últimos 10 anos a partir das reflexões pioneiras de Chakrabarty, as quais assumiram centralidade no debate, em interlocução com historiadores e demais pesquisadores das humanidades em função do caráter controverso de suas ideias e densidade filosófica. Mostramos como os debates que gravitam ao redor das propostas de Chakrabarty fazem repensar diversos pressupostos fundamentais da história, como a redefinição do humano como sujeito histórico ao assumir dimensão geológica na história e os problemas relacionados às articulações de escalas espaço-temporais exigidas pela hipótese...
É com muita alegria que apresentamos o dossiê História da Saúde e das Doenças: experiências e per... more É com muita alegria que apresentamos o dossiê História da Saúde e das Doenças: experiências e perspectivas, trazendo trabalhos que exploram temáticas variadas na área. Nas últimas décadas, cresceu consideravelmente a produção de pesquisas no âmbito da História das Doenças e da Saúde. As pesquisas sobre a história do conhecimento médico e científico, antes restritas ao esforço de memória dos profissionais da área, foram incorporados ao ofício de historiadores(as), abrindo um leque infinito de análises sobre a institucionalização de saberes e práticas; a ancoragem social e histórica do conhecimento médico-científico; as políticas públicas de saúde; a experiência do adoecimento etc.
Resumo O artigo analisa a singularidade dos processos históricos, científicos e políticos que vão... more Resumo O artigo analisa a singularidade dos processos históricos, científicos e políticos que vão da descoberta da doença que passou a ser conhecida como mixomatose infecciosa, causada pelo vírus do mixoma (MYXV), à sua aplicação no controle de uma praga de coelhos na Austrália. A narrativa segue especialmente as pesquisas de Henrique de Beaurepaire Aragão, pesquisador do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, e posteriormente os esforços da cientista Jean Macnamara para promover pesquisas e implementar o MYXV na Austrália. Foram consultadas notas de pesquisa de cientistas, documentos oficiais que registraram o desenvolvimento dos experimentos, bem como periódicos. Nesse processo, foi considerado o desenvolvimento histórico do campo de estudos da virologia e controle biológico.
O presente trabalho pretende abordar a reinfestação do Aedes aegypti e a (re)emergência de arbovi... more O presente trabalho pretende abordar a reinfestação do Aedes aegypti e a (re)emergência de arboviroses urbanas, analisando a história do retorno e permanência do mosquito Aedes aegypti, a partir do início da década de 1980. Como marco inicial, estabelecemos a epidemia de dengue de 1981 em Cuba, que colocou a dengue hemorrágica como centro de uma controvérsia política sobre seu possível uso como arma biológica pelos EUA. A epidemia de dengue no Brasil produziu conflitos político-sanitários entre as esferas estadual e federal pautadas pelo ritmo do alastramento da dengue. As tensões causadas por ambos os processos aproximaram sanitaristas cubanos e brasileiros que buscaram fazer um balanço e encontrar soluções para as novas epidemias de dengue em reuniões e congressos científicos que reuniram pesquisadores, sanitaristas e médicos latinoamericanos como o Simpósio Internacional Sobre Febre Amarela e Dengue realizado no Rio de Janeiro em 1988.
Resumo O artigo analisa a chegada e identificação do mosquito africano Anopheles gambiae no Brasi... more Resumo O artigo analisa a chegada e identificação do mosquito africano Anopheles gambiae no Brasil em 1930 e as primeiras reações de cientistas e autoridades de saúde pública contra as epidemias de malária causadas por essa espécie. Apesar de ter sido reconhecido como perigoso vetor da malária, sua presença em território nacional foi negligenciada a partir de 1932, após ações emergenciais na capital do Rio Grande do Norte, favorecendo um alastramento silencioso que resultou em uma grande epidemia de malária em 1938. São abordadas questões científicas e políticas que contribuíram para que o combate ao mosquito fosse colocado em segundo plano nas articulações entre a Divisão Sanitária Internacional da Fundação Rockefeller e autoridades brasileiras até 1937.
In the mid-1990s, Brazil became a player in the global politics of AIDS through its participation... more In the mid-1990s, Brazil became a player in the global politics of AIDS through its participation in debates on whether antiretroviral drugs were commodities or public goods. Brazilian actors not only challenged powerful pharmaceutical companies but the assumption that international health policies were solely defined in developed countries. After 1996, a coalition of Brazilian officers, health activists, people living with Aids and medical scientists advocated for universal access to generic medication (instead of costly patented drugs) and publicized its achievements at home and abroad, such as a marked decline in AIDS cases. However, during the first decade of the twenty-first century increased costs, little attention to prevention and the persistence of homophobia hindered treatment. Moreover, unilateral US programmes and conservative evangelicals glorifying sexual abstinence sabotaged anti-AIDS work. After the financial crisis of 2008, universal access to ARVs lost political momentum and sustaining treatment became difficult in Brazil.
The article analyzes the arrival and
identification of the African mosquito
Anopheles gambiae in ... more The article analyzes the arrival and identification of the African mosquito Anopheles gambiae in Brazil in 1930, and the initial reactions of scientists and public health authorities against the epidemics of malaria caused by this species. Although this mosquito was recognized as a dangerous vector of malaria, its presence in Brazil was neglected after initial emergency actions in the city of Natal in 1932; this encouraged it to spread silently, resulting in a major malaria epidemic in 1938. This article examines scientific and political issues which caused the fight against mosquitoes to be pushed into the background until 1937 in cooperative efforts between the Rockefeller Foundation’s International Health Division and the Brazilian authorities.
Pesquisador visitante da COC vence Premio Oswaldo Cruz de Teses, 2017
O historiador Gabriel Lopes foi contemplado com o Prêmio Oswaldo Cruz de Teses 2017, na área de C... more O historiador Gabriel Lopes foi contemplado com o Prêmio Oswaldo Cruz de Teses 2017, na área de Ciências Sociais. Pesquisador visitante da Casa de Oswaldo Cruz (COC/Fiocruz), defendeu a tese Anopheles Gambiae: Do Invasor Silencioso ao "Feroz Mosquito Aafricano" no Brasil (1930-1940), no ano passado. A cerimônia de premiação será na próxima segunda-feira, às 9h, no Auditório do Museu da Vida, onde os vencedores nas diversas áreas receberão homenagem. Gabriel Anaya teve como orientadora Magali Romero Sá, vice-diretora de Pesquisa, Educação e Divulgação Científica da COC.
The first edition of The Sanitation of Brazil was released in Portuguese in 1998, based on Gilber... more The first edition of The Sanitation of Brazil was released in Portuguese in 1998, based on Gilberto Hochman’s award-winning PhD dissertation in political science. A second edition of the book was published in 2006 and a third in 2012. Considering this trajectory of Hochman’s book, almost 30 years in the making, this English edition is also the best version of his most recognisable publication. The Sanitation of Brazil is not just a very good translation of a solid work in history and social sciences, but also a well-taken opportunity to refine an important socio-historical approach to Brazilian public health development in the period known as the First Republic (1889–1930). The work that has gone into Diane Grosklaus Whitty’s translation is outstanding [...]
O livro de Rodrigo Magalhães tem como foco a Campanha Continental
para a Erradicação do Aedes ae... more O livro de Rodrigo Magalhães tem como foco a Campanha Continental
para a Erradicação do Aedes aegypti promovida pela Organização
Pan-Americana da Saúde (Opas) entre 1947 e 1968. A narrativa historiciza
de maneira bastante articulada como a Campanha Continental
foi o resultado de um processo histórico dinâmico, com antecedentes
na Campanha Mundial de Erradicação da Febre Amarela da Fundação
Rockefeller (FR), iniciada em 1918. Nesse processo, Magalhães aborda
uma multiplicidade de condicionantes políticos e científicos no desenvolvimento
da Opas, e como um programa de erradicação internacional
pioneiro, considerando suas continuidades e descontinuidades histó-
ricas, influenciou os rumos da saúde pública internacional ao longo de
cinco décadas [...]
Framing Animals as Epidemic Villains (Christos Lynteris, org), 2019
In the histories of Zika, dengue, and yellow fever in Brazil, which span more than a century, the... more In the histories of Zika, dengue, and yellow fever in Brazil, which span more than a century, the vector of these viruses, the black-and-white striped Aedes aegypti, has always been framed as the ‘epidemic villain’, as the assumed culprit and the target of governmental policies to control the pathogens it can carry. In this chapter, however, we examine the A. aegypti’s historical trajectory to show how, although there is a continuity in dominant designations of the mosquito as the villain, the epidemiological and political meanings of these virus-mosquito-human interactions significantly change over time. By juxtaposing the analysis of the making of the vector in three historical moments in Brazil as the A. aegypti carried three different viruses (yellow fever, dengue, and Zika), we highlight the importance of the virus-mosquito dyad in the making of the vector. Furthermore, we argue that the mosquito as a vector carried not only three epidemiologically distinct pathogens, but also very different political desires, struggles, and debates.
In the mid-1990s, Brazil became a player in the global politics of AIDS through its participation... more In the mid-1990s, Brazil became a player in the global politics of AIDS through its participation in debates on whether antiretroviral drugs were commodities or public goods. Brazilian actors not only challenged powerful pharmaceutical companies but the assumption that international health policies were solely defined in developed countries. After 1996, a coalition of Brazilian officers, health activists, people living with Aids and medical scientists advocated for universal access to generic medication (instead of costly patented drugs) and publicized its achievements at home and abroad, such as a marked decline in AIDS cases. However, during the first decade of the twenty-first century increased costs, little attention to prevention and the persistence of homophobia hindered treatment. Moreover, unilateral US programmes and conservative evangelicals glorifying sexual abstinence sabotaged anti-AIDS work. After the financial crisis of 2008, universal access to ARVs lost political momentum and sustaining treatment became difficult in Brazil.
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Papers by Gabriel Lopes
Rockefeller Foundation (IHDRF) in its project initiative that resulted in the
extermination of the African mosquito Anopheles gambiae from Brazil in
1940. This species, which originated in Dakar, Senegal, was identified in
the Brazilian city of Natal in 1930, where insufficient local emergency
sanitation actions enabled it to spread into the interior of the Brazilian
northeast, causing an unprecedented malaria epidemic in the Americas
in 1938, after years of silent spread. We will analyse the formation of
Brazil’s Malaria Service of the Northeast (MSNE), discussing its political
and scientific controversies and how the transition from the idea of
extermination to the idea of eradication was consolidated in the
political process of creating this successful sanitation campaign. In
addition, we will discuss how the integration and transnational
development of medical entomology at the time was a fundamental
factor in the cooperation and challenges among scientists involved in
this campaign. The international cooperation of scientists, albeit
oriented towards the project of eradication of this mosquito, organised different research agendas and gained new insights into the global
dissemination of mosquito-borne diseases.
identification of the African mosquito
Anopheles gambiae in Brazil in 1930, and
the initial reactions of scientists and
public health authorities against the
epidemics of malaria caused by this
species. Although this mosquito was
recognized as a dangerous vector of
malaria, its presence in Brazil was
neglected after initial emergency
actions in the city of Natal in 1932;
this encouraged it to spread silently,
resulting in a major malaria epidemic
in 1938. This article examines scientific
and political issues which caused
the fight against mosquitoes to be
pushed into the background until 1937
in cooperative efforts between the
Rockefeller Foundation’s International
Health Division and the Brazilian
authorities.
Rockefeller Foundation (IHDRF) in its project initiative that resulted in the
extermination of the African mosquito Anopheles gambiae from Brazil in
1940. This species, which originated in Dakar, Senegal, was identified in
the Brazilian city of Natal in 1930, where insufficient local emergency
sanitation actions enabled it to spread into the interior of the Brazilian
northeast, causing an unprecedented malaria epidemic in the Americas
in 1938, after years of silent spread. We will analyse the formation of
Brazil’s Malaria Service of the Northeast (MSNE), discussing its political
and scientific controversies and how the transition from the idea of
extermination to the idea of eradication was consolidated in the
political process of creating this successful sanitation campaign. In
addition, we will discuss how the integration and transnational
development of medical entomology at the time was a fundamental
factor in the cooperation and challenges among scientists involved in
this campaign. The international cooperation of scientists, albeit
oriented towards the project of eradication of this mosquito, organised different research agendas and gained new insights into the global
dissemination of mosquito-borne diseases.
identification of the African mosquito
Anopheles gambiae in Brazil in 1930, and
the initial reactions of scientists and
public health authorities against the
epidemics of malaria caused by this
species. Although this mosquito was
recognized as a dangerous vector of
malaria, its presence in Brazil was
neglected after initial emergency
actions in the city of Natal in 1932;
this encouraged it to spread silently,
resulting in a major malaria epidemic
in 1938. This article examines scientific
and political issues which caused
the fight against mosquitoes to be
pushed into the background until 1937
in cooperative efforts between the
Rockefeller Foundation’s International
Health Division and the Brazilian
authorities.
para a Erradicação do Aedes aegypti promovida pela Organização
Pan-Americana da Saúde (Opas) entre 1947 e 1968. A narrativa historiciza
de maneira bastante articulada como a Campanha Continental
foi o resultado de um processo histórico dinâmico, com antecedentes
na Campanha Mundial de Erradicação da Febre Amarela da Fundação
Rockefeller (FR), iniciada em 1918. Nesse processo, Magalhães aborda
uma multiplicidade de condicionantes políticos e científicos no desenvolvimento
da Opas, e como um programa de erradicação internacional
pioneiro, considerando suas continuidades e descontinuidades histó-
ricas, influenciou os rumos da saúde pública internacional ao longo de
cinco décadas [...]
Recebido: 8 nov. 2016 | Aceito: 7 jan. 2017
http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0104-87752017000200012
Varia Historia, Belo Horizonte, vol. 33, n. 62, p. 561-564, mai/ago 2017