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William A. Parkinson

Field Museum, Anthropology, Faculty Member

University of Illinois at Chicago, Anthropology, Faculty Member

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Education:
Ph.D. Anthropology, University of Michigan, 1999.
M.A. Anthropology, University of Michigan, 1995.
B.A. Anthropology, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1992.
St. Petersburg State University, Russia, 1991.

Research and Faculty Appointments:
Curator of Anthropology, The Field Museum
Professor of Anthropology, University of Illinois at Chicago.

Prospective Graduate Student Information:
I encourage prospective students to contact me directly via e-mail ([email protected]).
Address: Field Museum of Natural History
Chicago, IL 60605
Tel: (312)665-7832
Fax:(312)665-7193
E-Mail: [email protected]

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Books, Edited Books, and Edited Journal Sections by William A. Parkinson

Parkinson, William A. 2010 Beyond the Peer: Social Interaction and Political Evolution in the Bronze Age Aegean. In Political Economies of the Aegean Bronze Age, edited by Daniel Pullen, pp. 11-34. Oxford: Oxbow Books.

Papers were circulated in advance, and a response prepared by James Wright. Subsequently the pape... more Papers were circulated in advance, and a response prepared by James Wright. Subsequently the papers and the response were revised for publication (the contribution by Donald Haggis, "Stability and the State: A Diachronic Perspective on Pre-State Society in the Aegean" was not submitt ed for publication here). I would like to thank the authors for their timely responses and an anonymous reviewer for comments. Bill Parkinson, Dimitri Nakassis, and Michael Galaty also provided comments and editorial assistance.

Nakassis, Dimitri, Michael L. Galaty and William A. Parkinson (Editors) 2016 Discussion and Debate: Reciprocity in Aegean Palatial Societies: Gifts, Debt, and the Foundations of Economic Exchange. Journal of Mediterranean Archaeology 29 (1): 61-132.

by William A. Parkinson and Michael L . Galaty

This collection of papers is the third and final installment in a series meant to update the arch... more This collection of papers is the third and final installment in a series meant to update the archaeological study of Aegean Bronze Age economies based on current research in economic anthropology and new archaeological and textual data from Minoan and Mycenaean states. The first collection, titled 'Redistribution in first two collections, we argued that studies of 'redistribution' in Aegean palatial societies, whether archaeological, textual, or both, fail to capture the totality of economic activity that must have occurred in Late Bronze Age states and largely ignore the social implications of such activity. Rather, in order to explain the regional distribution of artifacts, some form of 'market'-based exchange must have occurred. In this introduction we suggest that systems of 'reciprocity' preceded and underpinned modes of redistribution and market exchange, and also served to integrate Bronze Age social structures.

Parkinson, W.A., D. Nakassis, and M.L. Galaty (Editors). 2013. Forum: Crafts, Specialists, and Markets in Mycenaean Greece. American Journal of Archaeology 117(2013).

Galaty, Michael L., Dimitri Nakassis, and William A. Parkinson (Editors) 2011 Forum: Redistribution in Aegean Palatial Societies. American Journal of Archaeology 115: 175-244.

Parkinson, William A., and Michael L. Galaty (Editors) 2009 Archaic State Interaction: The Eastern Mediterranean in the Bronze Age. Santa Fe: School for Advanced Research.

Galaty, Michael L., and William A. Parkinson (Editors) 2007 Rethinking Mycenaean Palaces II: Revised and Expanded Edition. Monograph Series, Number 60. Los Angeles: UCLA Cotsen Institute of Archaeology Press.

Parkinson, William A. 2006 The Social Organization of Early Copper Age Tribes on the Great Hungarian Plain, BAR International Series 1573. Oxford: Archaeopress.

Parkinson, William A., (Editor) 2002 The Archaeology of Tribal Societies. Archaeological Series, Number 15. Ann Arbor: International Monographs in Prehistory.

Galaty, Michael, and William A. Parkinson, editors 1999 Rethinking Mycenaean Palaces: New Interpretations of an Old Idea. Monograph Series, Number 41. Los Angeles: UCLA Cotsen Institute of Archaeology.

Parkinson, WIlliam A. 1999. The Social Organization of Early Copper Age Tribes on the Great Hungarian Plain. Ph.D. Dissertation, Department of Anthropology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor.

Peer Reviewed Journal Articles by William A. Parkinson

A landscape of tells: Geophysics and microstratigraphy at two Neolithic tell sites on the Great Hungarian Plain

by William A. Parkinson, Apostolos Sarris, and Richard Yerkes

A B S T R A C T Nucleated tell sites emerged on the Great Hungarian Plain nearly a millennium aft... more A B S T R A C T Nucleated tell sites emerged on the Great Hungarian Plain nearly a millennium after the earliest agricultural communities established sedentary settlements at the beginning of the Neolithic period. Once established, these unprecedentedly large population centers had a dramatic impact on their local environment. In this article, we present the results of our recent research at two Neolithic tells in the Körös Region of the Great Hungarian Plain. These sites – Vésztő-Mágor and Szeghalom-Kovácshalom – were established at roughly the same time and were located on the same branch of the Sebes-Körös River. Focusing on two methods – geophysics and micro-stratigraphy – we compare how these two nearby sites were established, evolved, and were abandoned within their local landscapes. Whereas geophysical surveys provide a horizontal picture of how the sites expanded over space, microstratigraphic studies provide a vertical perspective of the social processes that built the tells over time. Although both settlements were established at the same time, the sites developed in very different ways. We attribute these differences in the micro-regional trajectories to specific traditions associated with different local communities.

Nakassis, Dimitri, Michael L. Galaty and William A. Parkinson (editors) 2016 Introduction: Reciprocity in Aegean Palatial Societies: Gifts, Debt, and the Foundations of Economic Exchange. Journal of Mediterranean Archaeology 29 (1): 61-70.

This collection of papers is the third and final installment in a series meant to update the arch... more This collection of papers is the third and final installment in a series meant to update the archaeological study of Aegean Bronze Age economies based on current research in economic anthropology and new archaeological and textual data from Minoan and Mycenaean states. The first collection, titled 'Redistribution in first two collections, we argued that studies of 'redistribution' in Aegean palatial societies, whether archaeological, textual, or both, fail to capture the totality of economic activity that must have occurred in Late Bronze Age states and largely ignore the social implications of such activity. Rather, in order to explain the regional distribution of artifacts, some form of 'market'-based exchange must have occurred. In this introduction we suggest that systems of 'reciprocity' preceded and underpinned modes of redistribution and market exchange, and also served to integrate Bronze Age social structures.

Sarris, Apostolos, Nikos Papadopoulos, William A. Parkinson, Richard W. Yerkes, Attila Gyucha, Gábor Bácsmegi, Francois-Xavier Simon, Paul R. Duffy, and Rod Salisbury 2015 Unfolding the Neolithic Wetlands Landscape of Szeghalom-Kovácshalom in Hungary. Archaeologia Polona 53(2015): 360-364.

Editorial o ce: I A E P A S , -Warsaw; Al. Solidarności Tel. ( ) ext. ; Fax. ( )

Electrical Resistivity Tomography for the Modelling of Cultural Deposits and Geomophological Landscapes at Neolithic Sites: a Case Study from Southeastern Hungary

by William A. Parkinson, Apostolos Sarris, Richard Yerkes, and Paul R. Duffy

A large-scale electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) survey was undertaken around the Neolithic ... more A large-scale electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) survey was undertaken around the Neolithic tell of Szeghalom-Kovácshalom in southeast Hungary, covering an area of almost 6 ha. High-resolution ERT data were collected along 28 uniformly distributed transects of variable length using the roll-along technique. A recently presented two-dimensional fast non-linear resistivity inversion algorithm was used to invert the ERT data and recover the true subsurface resistivity distribution along the specific cross-sections. The algorithm calculates and stores in an efficient manner the part of the Jacobian matrix that is actually important within the inversion procedure, thus rendering it almost 4.8 times faster than the algorithm that calculates the complete Jacobian matrix, without losing quality. The algorithm was further modified to account for any non-standard electrode configuration. A recently established iterative algorithm for sparse least squares problems (LSMR) was incorporated for the first time into the algorithm to solve the inverse resistivity problem. The effectiveness and robustness of the LSMR solver was highlighted through the processing of all the ERT lines. The processing and evaluation of the ERT data made it possible to map the thickness of the anthropogenic layer below the surface of the tell, to outline the horizontal and vertical dimensions of the palaeochannel adjacent to the tell, and to determine the general stratigraphy of geological layers up to 10 m below the ground surface. The ERT results also were used to update an older topographic map of the site showing the course of the palaeochannel around the tell. A synthetic model verified and enhanced the conclusions based on the field data. This study illustrates the added value that a systematic ERT survey can provide in reconstructing the ancient fluvial geomorphology of a microregion as well as the depth and horizontal extent of deposits associated with human habitation at archaeological sites.

Seifried, Rebecca, and William A. Parkinson 2014 The Ancient Towers of the Paximadhi Peninsula, Southern Euboea. Hesperia 83(2): 277-313.

This article discusses the organization and distribution o f ancient towers on the Paximadi penin... more This article discusses the organization and distribution o f ancient towers on the Paximadi peninsula o f southern Euboia, most o f which date to the Clas sical period. Much attention has been given to the sporadic occurrence and possible uses o f stone-built towers in different regions and time periods in Greece. Rather than identifying a single function for the Paximadi towers, the authors suggest that they fulfilled a variety o f roles over time. Thus, changes in their form and distribution can be used to model how the rural landscape was exploited under different political and economic regimes.

Kreiter, A., D. Riebe, W. A. Parkinson, Á. Pető, M. Tóth, P. Pánczél, and E. Bánffy 2014 Unique in its chaîne opératoire, unique in its symbolism: undressing a figurine from the 6th Millennium BC Körös culture, Hungary. Journal of Archaeological Science 44 (2014): 136-147.

and sharing with colleagues.

Gyucha, Duffy and Parkinson 2013 Prehistoric human-environmental interactions on the Great Hungarian Plain

by Attila Gyucha, Paul R. Duffy, and William A. Parkinson

Changes in settlement patterns in the later prehistory of Southeastern Europe historically have b... more Changes in settlement patterns in the later prehistory of Southeastern Europe historically have been attributed to shifts in climate, hydrology, and subsistence. This paper evaluates the importance of different humanenvironmental relationships on the Great Hungarian Plain from the Neolithic through the Bronze Age. To model these relationships in a way amenable to archaeological investigation, we frame the discussion according to different spatial and social scales. Based on systematically collected data at various geographic scales in and around the Körös Basin, we suggest that changes in settlement distribution and organization were determined by a dynamic interaction between environmental factors, social concerns, and cultural preferences. Our results imply that at the regional scale certain hydrological features strongly influenced the settlement distribution, but did not prompt changes in their locations over time. At the local scale, environmental differences in micro-zones seem largely responsible for subsistence variability between individual settlements. Yet in between these two resolutions, at the micro-regional scale, settlement location in the Körös Basin was strongly and consistently influenced by social concerns. Long-term stability of environmental patterns at one scale and variation at another contributed to a wide range of dynamic human-environmental relationships shaping the transition from small egalitarian Neolithic villages to larger, more economically complex polities on the Great Hungarian Plain during the Bronze Age.

Parkinson, W.A., D. Nakassis, and M.L. Galaty. 2013. Crafts, Specialists, and Markets in Mycenaean Greece: Introduction. American Journal of Archaeology 117(2013)413-22.

Integration of geophysical surveys, ground hyperspectral measurements, aerial and satellite imagery for archaeological prospection of prehistoric sites: the case study of Vésztő-Mágor

by William A. Parkinson, Paul R. Duffy, Apostolos Sarris, and Richard Yerkes

An integration of geophysical surveys, ground hyperspectral data, aerial photographs and high res... more An integration of geophysical surveys, ground hyperspectral data, aerial photographs and high resolution satellite imagery for supporting archaeological investigations at the multi-component Vészt} o-Mágor Tell, located in the southeastern Great Hungarian Plain, is presented in this study. This is one of the first times that all these techniques have been combined and evaluated for retrieving archaeological information. Geophysical explorations, specifically magnetic gradiometry and ground penetrating radar methods, have revealed shallow linear anomalies and curvilinear rings at the Tell. The use of remote sensing images has confirmed the diverse anomalies with respect to geophysics through photointerpretation, radiometric and spatial enhancements. Moreover, several indices from ground hyperspectral data also have revealed stress vegetation anomalies. These integrated results were used to map the main areas of archaeological interest at the Vészt} o-Mágor Tell and plan future excavations. It was found that these multiscalar data can be used efficiently for detecting buried archaeological features.

Nakassis, Dimitri, William A. Parkinson, and Michael L. Galaty 2011 Redistributive Economies in Theoretical and Cross-Cultural Perspective. In AJA Forum: Redistribution in Aegean Palatial Societies, American Journal of Archaeology 115: 177-184.

Parkinson, William A. 2010 Beyond the Peer: Social Interaction and Political Evolution in the Bronze Age Aegean. In Political Economies of the Aegean Bronze Age, edited by Daniel Pullen, pp. 11-34. Oxford: Oxbow Books.

Papers were circulated in advance, and a response prepared by James Wright. Subsequently the pape... more Papers were circulated in advance, and a response prepared by James Wright. Subsequently the papers and the response were revised for publication (the contribution by Donald Haggis, "Stability and the State: A Diachronic Perspective on Pre-State Society in the Aegean" was not submitt ed for publication here). I would like to thank the authors for their timely responses and an anonymous reviewer for comments. Bill Parkinson, Dimitri Nakassis, and Michael Galaty also provided comments and editorial assistance.

Nakassis, Dimitri, Michael L. Galaty and William A. Parkinson (Editors) 2016 Discussion and Debate: Reciprocity in Aegean Palatial Societies: Gifts, Debt, and the Foundations of Economic Exchange. Journal of Mediterranean Archaeology 29 (1): 61-132.

by William A. Parkinson and Michael L . Galaty

This collection of papers is the third and final installment in a series meant to update the arch... more This collection of papers is the third and final installment in a series meant to update the archaeological study of Aegean Bronze Age economies based on current research in economic anthropology and new archaeological and textual data from Minoan and Mycenaean states. The first collection, titled 'Redistribution in first two collections, we argued that studies of 'redistribution' in Aegean palatial societies, whether archaeological, textual, or both, fail to capture the totality of economic activity that must have occurred in Late Bronze Age states and largely ignore the social implications of such activity. Rather, in order to explain the regional distribution of artifacts, some form of 'market'-based exchange must have occurred. In this introduction we suggest that systems of 'reciprocity' preceded and underpinned modes of redistribution and market exchange, and also served to integrate Bronze Age social structures.

Parkinson, W.A., D. Nakassis, and M.L. Galaty (Editors). 2013. Forum: Crafts, Specialists, and Markets in Mycenaean Greece. American Journal of Archaeology 117(2013).

Galaty, Michael L., Dimitri Nakassis, and William A. Parkinson (Editors) 2011 Forum: Redistribution in Aegean Palatial Societies. American Journal of Archaeology 115: 175-244.

Parkinson, William A., and Michael L. Galaty (Editors) 2009 Archaic State Interaction: The Eastern Mediterranean in the Bronze Age. Santa Fe: School for Advanced Research.

Galaty, Michael L., and William A. Parkinson (Editors) 2007 Rethinking Mycenaean Palaces II: Revised and Expanded Edition. Monograph Series, Number 60. Los Angeles: UCLA Cotsen Institute of Archaeology Press.

Parkinson, William A. 2006 The Social Organization of Early Copper Age Tribes on the Great Hungarian Plain, BAR International Series 1573. Oxford: Archaeopress.

Parkinson, William A., (Editor) 2002 The Archaeology of Tribal Societies. Archaeological Series, Number 15. Ann Arbor: International Monographs in Prehistory.

Galaty, Michael, and William A. Parkinson, editors 1999 Rethinking Mycenaean Palaces: New Interpretations of an Old Idea. Monograph Series, Number 41. Los Angeles: UCLA Cotsen Institute of Archaeology.

Parkinson, WIlliam A. 1999. The Social Organization of Early Copper Age Tribes on the Great Hungarian Plain. Ph.D. Dissertation, Department of Anthropology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor.

A landscape of tells: Geophysics and microstratigraphy at two Neolithic tell sites on the Great Hungarian Plain

by William A. Parkinson, Apostolos Sarris, and Richard Yerkes

A B S T R A C T Nucleated tell sites emerged on the Great Hungarian Plain nearly a millennium aft... more A B S T R A C T Nucleated tell sites emerged on the Great Hungarian Plain nearly a millennium after the earliest agricultural communities established sedentary settlements at the beginning of the Neolithic period. Once established, these unprecedentedly large population centers had a dramatic impact on their local environment. In this article, we present the results of our recent research at two Neolithic tells in the Körös Region of the Great Hungarian Plain. These sites – Vésztő-Mágor and Szeghalom-Kovácshalom – were established at roughly the same time and were located on the same branch of the Sebes-Körös River. Focusing on two methods – geophysics and micro-stratigraphy – we compare how these two nearby sites were established, evolved, and were abandoned within their local landscapes. Whereas geophysical surveys provide a horizontal picture of how the sites expanded over space, microstratigraphic studies provide a vertical perspective of the social processes that built the tells over time. Although both settlements were established at the same time, the sites developed in very different ways. We attribute these differences in the micro-regional trajectories to specific traditions associated with different local communities.

Nakassis, Dimitri, Michael L. Galaty and William A. Parkinson (editors) 2016 Introduction: Reciprocity in Aegean Palatial Societies: Gifts, Debt, and the Foundations of Economic Exchange. Journal of Mediterranean Archaeology 29 (1): 61-70.

This collection of papers is the third and final installment in a series meant to update the arch... more This collection of papers is the third and final installment in a series meant to update the archaeological study of Aegean Bronze Age economies based on current research in economic anthropology and new archaeological and textual data from Minoan and Mycenaean states. The first collection, titled 'Redistribution in first two collections, we argued that studies of 'redistribution' in Aegean palatial societies, whether archaeological, textual, or both, fail to capture the totality of economic activity that must have occurred in Late Bronze Age states and largely ignore the social implications of such activity. Rather, in order to explain the regional distribution of artifacts, some form of 'market'-based exchange must have occurred. In this introduction we suggest that systems of 'reciprocity' preceded and underpinned modes of redistribution and market exchange, and also served to integrate Bronze Age social structures.

Sarris, Apostolos, Nikos Papadopoulos, William A. Parkinson, Richard W. Yerkes, Attila Gyucha, Gábor Bácsmegi, Francois-Xavier Simon, Paul R. Duffy, and Rod Salisbury 2015 Unfolding the Neolithic Wetlands Landscape of Szeghalom-Kovácshalom in Hungary. Archaeologia Polona 53(2015): 360-364.

Editorial o ce: I A E P A S , -Warsaw; Al. Solidarności Tel. ( ) ext. ; Fax. ( )

Electrical Resistivity Tomography for the Modelling of Cultural Deposits and Geomophological Landscapes at Neolithic Sites: a Case Study from Southeastern Hungary

by William A. Parkinson, Apostolos Sarris, Richard Yerkes, and Paul R. Duffy

A large-scale electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) survey was undertaken around the Neolithic ... more A large-scale electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) survey was undertaken around the Neolithic tell of Szeghalom-Kovácshalom in southeast Hungary, covering an area of almost 6 ha. High-resolution ERT data were collected along 28 uniformly distributed transects of variable length using the roll-along technique. A recently presented two-dimensional fast non-linear resistivity inversion algorithm was used to invert the ERT data and recover the true subsurface resistivity distribution along the specific cross-sections. The algorithm calculates and stores in an efficient manner the part of the Jacobian matrix that is actually important within the inversion procedure, thus rendering it almost 4.8 times faster than the algorithm that calculates the complete Jacobian matrix, without losing quality. The algorithm was further modified to account for any non-standard electrode configuration. A recently established iterative algorithm for sparse least squares problems (LSMR) was incorporated for the first time into the algorithm to solve the inverse resistivity problem. The effectiveness and robustness of the LSMR solver was highlighted through the processing of all the ERT lines. The processing and evaluation of the ERT data made it possible to map the thickness of the anthropogenic layer below the surface of the tell, to outline the horizontal and vertical dimensions of the palaeochannel adjacent to the tell, and to determine the general stratigraphy of geological layers up to 10 m below the ground surface. The ERT results also were used to update an older topographic map of the site showing the course of the palaeochannel around the tell. A synthetic model verified and enhanced the conclusions based on the field data. This study illustrates the added value that a systematic ERT survey can provide in reconstructing the ancient fluvial geomorphology of a microregion as well as the depth and horizontal extent of deposits associated with human habitation at archaeological sites.

Seifried, Rebecca, and William A. Parkinson 2014 The Ancient Towers of the Paximadhi Peninsula, Southern Euboea. Hesperia 83(2): 277-313.

This article discusses the organization and distribution o f ancient towers on the Paximadi penin... more This article discusses the organization and distribution o f ancient towers on the Paximadi peninsula o f southern Euboia, most o f which date to the Clas sical period. Much attention has been given to the sporadic occurrence and possible uses o f stone-built towers in different regions and time periods in Greece. Rather than identifying a single function for the Paximadi towers, the authors suggest that they fulfilled a variety o f roles over time. Thus, changes in their form and distribution can be used to model how the rural landscape was exploited under different political and economic regimes.

Kreiter, A., D. Riebe, W. A. Parkinson, Á. Pető, M. Tóth, P. Pánczél, and E. Bánffy 2014 Unique in its chaîne opératoire, unique in its symbolism: undressing a figurine from the 6th Millennium BC Körös culture, Hungary. Journal of Archaeological Science 44 (2014): 136-147.

and sharing with colleagues.

Gyucha, Duffy and Parkinson 2013 Prehistoric human-environmental interactions on the Great Hungarian Plain

by Attila Gyucha, Paul R. Duffy, and William A. Parkinson

Changes in settlement patterns in the later prehistory of Southeastern Europe historically have b... more Changes in settlement patterns in the later prehistory of Southeastern Europe historically have been attributed to shifts in climate, hydrology, and subsistence. This paper evaluates the importance of different humanenvironmental relationships on the Great Hungarian Plain from the Neolithic through the Bronze Age. To model these relationships in a way amenable to archaeological investigation, we frame the discussion according to different spatial and social scales. Based on systematically collected data at various geographic scales in and around the Körös Basin, we suggest that changes in settlement distribution and organization were determined by a dynamic interaction between environmental factors, social concerns, and cultural preferences. Our results imply that at the regional scale certain hydrological features strongly influenced the settlement distribution, but did not prompt changes in their locations over time. At the local scale, environmental differences in micro-zones seem largely responsible for subsistence variability between individual settlements. Yet in between these two resolutions, at the micro-regional scale, settlement location in the Körös Basin was strongly and consistently influenced by social concerns. Long-term stability of environmental patterns at one scale and variation at another contributed to a wide range of dynamic human-environmental relationships shaping the transition from small egalitarian Neolithic villages to larger, more economically complex polities on the Great Hungarian Plain during the Bronze Age.

Parkinson, W.A., D. Nakassis, and M.L. Galaty. 2013. Crafts, Specialists, and Markets in Mycenaean Greece: Introduction. American Journal of Archaeology 117(2013)413-22.

Integration of geophysical surveys, ground hyperspectral measurements, aerial and satellite imagery for archaeological prospection of prehistoric sites: the case study of Vésztő-Mágor

by William A. Parkinson, Paul R. Duffy, Apostolos Sarris, and Richard Yerkes

An integration of geophysical surveys, ground hyperspectral data, aerial photographs and high res... more An integration of geophysical surveys, ground hyperspectral data, aerial photographs and high resolution satellite imagery for supporting archaeological investigations at the multi-component Vészt} o-Mágor Tell, located in the southeastern Great Hungarian Plain, is presented in this study. This is one of the first times that all these techniques have been combined and evaluated for retrieving archaeological information. Geophysical explorations, specifically magnetic gradiometry and ground penetrating radar methods, have revealed shallow linear anomalies and curvilinear rings at the Tell. The use of remote sensing images has confirmed the diverse anomalies with respect to geophysics through photointerpretation, radiometric and spatial enhancements. Moreover, several indices from ground hyperspectral data also have revealed stress vegetation anomalies. These integrated results were used to map the main areas of archaeological interest at the Vészt} o-Mágor Tell and plan future excavations. It was found that these multiscalar data can be used efficiently for detecting buried archaeological features.

Nakassis, Dimitri, William A. Parkinson, and Michael L. Galaty 2011 Redistributive Economies in Theoretical and Cross-Cultural Perspective. In AJA Forum: Redistribution in Aegean Palatial Societies, American Journal of Archaeology 115: 177-184.

Introduction: Why Redistribution? Michael L. Galaty, Dimitri Nakassis, and William A. Parkinson, In Redistribution in Aegean Palatial Societies, edited by Michael L. Galaty, Dimitri Nakassis, and William A. Parkinson. American Journal of Archaeology, Volume 115, Number 2.

Elemental Analysis of Ceramic Incrustration Indicates Long-Term Cultural Continuity in thee Prehistoric Carpathian Basin (2010)

by Evan Peacock, Attila Gyucha, and William A. Parkinson

Archaeology, Ethnology and Anthropology of Eurasia, 2010

Parkinson, William A., Richard W. Yerkes, Attila Gyucha, Apostolos Sarris, Margaret Morris and Roderick Salisbury 2010 Early Copper Age Settlement Organization on the Great Hungarian Plain: The Körös Regional Archaeological Project, 2000-2006. Journal of Field Archaeology 35(2): 164-183.

Parkinson, William A., and John F. Cherry 2010 The Pylos Regional Archaeological Project, Part VIII: Lithics and Landscapes, A Messenian Perspective. Hesperia 79:1-51.

Yerkes, Richard W., Attila Gyucha, and William A. Parkinson 2009 A Multi-Scalar Approach to Modeling the End of the Neolithic on the Great Hungarian Plain Using Calibrated Radiocarbon Dates. Radiocarbon 51 (2009):1071-1109.

by William A. Parkinson and Richard Yerkes

Parkinson, William A., and Gyucha Attila 2007 A Késő Neolitikum-Kora Rézkor Átmeneti Időszakának Társadalomszerkezeti Változásai az Alföldön. Rekonstrukciós Kísérlet (Changes in Social Organization During the Transition from the Late Neolithic to the Early Copper Age Periods on the Great Hungarian Plain: An Attempt at a Reconstruction). Archaeológiai Értesítő 132(1):37-81.

Yerkes, Richard, W., William A. Parkinson, Apostolos Sarris, Attila Gyucha, Meredith Hardy, and Luigi Catanoso 2007 Geophysical and Geochemical Investigations at Two Early Copper Age Settlements in the Körös River Valley, Southeastern Hungary. Geoarchaeology 22(8):845-871.

by William A. Parkinson and Richard Yerkes

Gyucha, Attila, Gábor Bácsmegi, Ottó Fogas, and William A. Parkinson 2007 Építéstechnikai és Településtörténeti Megfigyelések egy Alföldi Kora Rézkori Lelőhelyen (Observations on Construction Technology and Settlement History at an Early Copper Age Settlement on the Great Hungarian Plain). Békés Megyei Múzeumok Közleményei 30 (2007):67-110.

Parkinson, William A., and Paul R. Duffy 2007 Fortifications and Enclosures in European Prehistory: A Cross-Cultural Perspective. Journal of Archaeological Research 15:97-141.

Secondary States In Perspective: An Integrated Approach to State Formation In the Prehistoric Aegean

by Michael L . Galaty and William A. Parkinson

American Anthropologist, Jan 1, 2007

Settlement Nucleation in the Neolithic: A Preliminary Report of the Körös Regional Archaeological Project’s Investigations at Szeghalom-Kovácshalom and Vésztő-Mágor (2015)

by Attila Gyucha, William A. Parkinson, Apostolos Sarris, Paul R. Duffy, and Roderick B . Salisbury

Compared to other parts of the Old World, nucleated, tell-based settlements emerged late in the e... more Compared to other parts of the Old World, nucleated, tell-based settlements emerged late in the evolution of Neolithic villages in the Carpathian Basin. This article presents the results of recent research conducted by the Körös Regional Archaeological Project and examines the long-term trajectories of two tell-based settlements in the Körös Region of the Great Hungarian Plain. In this article, we describe the various non-invasive investigative techniques that were employed to reconstruct the organization of Neolithic tell-based settlements at Szeghalom-Kovácshalom and Vésztő -Mágor. These techniques include intensive, gridded, surface collections, magnetometry, ground penetratingr adar, electrical resistance tomography, hyperspectral spectroradiometry, and soil chemistry.

Investigation of Hungarian Early Copper Age Settlements through Magnetic Prospection and Soil Phosphate Techniques

by Apostolos Sarris, Michael L . Galaty, Richard Yerkes, Attila Gyucha, William A. Parkinson, and Doc Billingsley

Vertical magnetic gradient measurements and soil phosphate analysis were employed for mapping the... more Vertical magnetic gradient measurements and soil phosphate analysis were employed for mapping the subsurface architectural characteristics of two Early Copper Age settlements at Vésztő-Bikeri, SE. Hungary. The geophysical investigations were part of a larger excavation campaign, the Körös Regional Archaeological Project, which is focused in the study of settlement organization, land use, and subsistence in the Neolithic-Copper Age transition on the Great Hungarian Plain.

The Neolithic–Copper Age transition on the Great Hungarian Plain: recent excavations at the Tiszapolgár Culture settlement of Vésztő-Bikeri

Antiquity, 2002

Page 1. 619 The Neolithic-Copper Age transition on the Great Hungarian Plain: recent excavations ... more

Rethinking Mycenaean Palaces: New Interpretations of an Old Idea

American Journal of Archaeology, 2001

Eleven anthropological contributions aim to define more accurately the term "palace" in... more Eleven anthropological contributions aim to define more accurately the term "palace" in light of both recent archaeological research in the Aegean and current anthropological thinking on the structure and origin of early states. Arguing that regional centers interacted with more extensive sociopolitical systems, the authors claim that the concept of palace must be made more in tune with a model which more completely integrates palaces with their networks of regional settlement and economy.

Investigation of Hungarian Early Copper Age Settlements through Magnetic Prospection and Soil Phosphate Techniques

CHAPTER FOUR AMulti-SCALAR APPROACH TO SETTLEMENT PATTERN ANALYSIS: THE TRANSITION FROM THE LATE NEOLITHIC TO THE EARLY COPPER AGE ON THE GREAT

See also Warfare and Conquest (vol. 1, part 1); Early Copper Mines at Rudna Glava and Ai Bunar (vol

1. Front Matter Front Matter

The''palatial control''of production and distribution in a late bronze age state economy

A Multi-Scalar Approach

Eastern Mediterranean in the Bronze Age. Santa Fe, NM, School for Advanced Research Press 2010. 318 S.,£ 26, 40.//oldenbourg doi10. 1524/hzhz. 2013.0019

1. Front Matter Front Matter Free Content

Parkinson, William and Daniel J. Pullen 2014 The Emergence of Craft Specialization on the Greek Mainland. In Ke-Ra-Me-Ja: Studies Presented to Cynthia W. Shelmerdine, edited by Dimitri Nakassis, Joann Gulizio and Sarah A. James, pp. 73-82. Philadelphia: Institute for Aegean Prehistory Press.

Tells in perspective: long-term patterns of settlement nucleation and dispersal in central and southeast Europe

Crafts, Specialists, and Markets in Mycenaean Greece. Introduction

Redistribution in Aegean palatial societies

"This collection of papers explores the role of redistribution in Minoan and Mycenaean econo... more "This collection of papers explores the role of redistribution in Minoan and Mycenaean economies. The term "redistribution" was coined to describe a particular mode of economic exchange employed in ancient economies, particularly Near Eastern temple economies, and later applied to the Aegean. Recently, the redistributive model has been revised substantially, but these revisions largely have been ignored by Aegean prehistorians. We hope that this Forum will contribute to the ongoing debate about the nature and extent of control exercised by Aegean palatial authorities and to the larger study of ancient economic exchange in archaeology and anthropology. "

‘A Körös-Vidék Településrendszerének Változásai a Kr. e. 5. Evezredben

Beyond the peer: social interaction and political evolution in the Bronze Age Aegean

Introduction: interaction and ancient societies

Rethinking Mycenaean Palaces II

by Cotsen Press and William A. Parkinson

This revised and expanded edition of the classic 1999 edited book includes all the chapters from ... more This revised and expanded edition of the classic 1999 edited book includes all the chapters from the original volume plus a new, updated, introduction and several new chapters. The current book is an up-to-date review of research into Mycenaean palatial systems with chapters by archaeologists and Linear B specialists that will be useful to scholars, instructors, and advanced students.

This book aims to define more accurately the term “palace” in light of both recent archaeological research in the Aegean and current anthropological thinking on the structure and origin of early states. Regional centers do not exist as independent entities. They articulate with more extensive sociopolitical systems. The concept of palace needs to be incorporated into enhanced models of Mycenaean state organization, ones that more completely integrate primary centers with networks of regional settlement and economy.

Unfolding the Neolithic wetlands landscape of Szeghalom-Kovácshalom in Hungary

by François-Xavier Simon, Apostolos Sarris, William A. Parkinson, Bácsmegi Gábor, Paul R. Duffy, and Roderick B . Salisbury

Editorial o ce: I A E P A S , -Warsaw; Al. Solidarności Tel. ( ) ext. ; Fax. ( )

Elemental Analysis of Ceramic Incrustation Indicates Long-Term Cultural Continuity in the Prehistoric Carpathian Basin

Archaeology, Ethnology and Anthropology of Eurasia, 2010

An important debate in European prehistory centers on whether so-called Kurgan groups migrated in... more An important debate in European prehistory centers on whether so-called Kurgan groups migrated into the Carpathian Basin from the south Russian Steppes sometime before the beginning of the Bronze Age. This article summarizes the results of elemental analyses on samples of white incrustation that was used to decorate Copper Age vessels from the Great Hungarian Plain. Our results indicate that crushed bone, not snail shell, was used to create the decorative paste. A recent study of incrusted pottery from the Bronze Age in the eastern part of the Carpathian Basin also identi ed the use of crushed bone in the creation of the paste, suggesting continuity in ceramic traditions before and after the Kurgan 'invasion.'

A késő neolitikum-kora rézkor átmeneti időszakának társadalomszerkezeti változásai az Alföldön

Archaeologiai Ertesito, Mar 13, 2015

House construction and settlement patterns on an early copper age site in the great hungarian plain

Communicationes Archaeologicae Hungariae, 2006

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Early Copper Age Settlements in the K�r�s Region of the Great Hungarian Plain

Prehistoric human–environmental interactions on the Great Hungarian Plain

The Transition to the Copper Age on the Great Hungarian Plain: The Körös Regional Archaeological Project Excavations at Vészto-Bikeri Hungary (2004)

Journal of Field Archaeology, 2004

Unique in its chaîne opératoire, unique in its symbolism: a figurine from the 6th Mill. BC Körös culture

Redistribution in Aegean Palatial Societies. Introduction

American Journal of Archaeology, Apr 1, 2011

This collection of papers explores the role of redistribution in Minoan and Mycenaean economies. ... more This collection of papers explores the role of redistribution in Minoan and Mycenaean economies. The term “redistribution” was coined to describe a particular mode of economic exchange employed in ancient economies, particularly Near Eastern temple economies, and later applied to the Aegean. Recently, the redistributive model has been revised substantially, but these revisions largely have been ignored by Aegean prehistorians. We hope that this Forum will contribute to the ongoing debate about the nature and extent of ...

The Evolution of a Neolithic Tell on the Great Hungarian Plain: Site Formation and Use at Szeghalom-Kovácshalom (2019)

ABSTRACT This article explores the development and evolution of a Neolithic tell on the Great Hun... more ABSTRACT This article explores the development and evolution of a Neolithic tell on the Great Hungarian Plain, with a particular focus on the depositional and functional changes over time. Recent, multi-disciplinary research in conjunction with the reassessment of old excavation records allows us to identify three major phases in the morphological and functional development of the Szeghalom-Kovácshalom tell. The original primary use of the tell was residential in nature. After several generations, as the settlement expanded into the surrounding landscape, the tell was used for more communal behaviors until, during the latest phase, it was used primarily for burials. This evolution of the tell—from a residential space to a cemetery—underscores the complexity of social processes that unfolded at prehistoric tell sites in southeastern Europe. The method we employ demonstrates how information from old and new research projects can be integrated successfully to model the development of complex, multi-period settlements.

Coming Together Falling Apart: A Multiscalar Approach to Prehistoric Aggregation and Interaction on the Great Hungarian Plain (2013)

ELEMENTAL ANALYSIS OF CERAMIC INCRUSTATION INDICATES LONG-TERM CULTURAL CONTINUITY IN THE PREHISTORIC CARPATHIAN BASIN

by Bradley Carlock, Evan Peacock, William A. Parkinson, and Richard Yerkes

Archaeology, Ethnology and Anthropology of Eurasia, 2010

Tells in Perspective: Long-Term Patterns of Settlement Nucleation and Dispersal in Central and Southeast Europe (2012)

by Attila Gyucha and William A. Parkinson

Village nucleation and centralisation in the Later Neolithic of Southeastern Europe: A long-term, comparative approach (2018)

by William A. Parkinson, William P . Ridge, and Attila Gyucha

A landscape of tells: Geophysics and microstratigraphy at two Neolithic tell sites on the Great Hungarian Plain (2018)

by Attila Gyucha, William A. Parkinson, Paul R. Duffy, Richard Yerkes, Georgia Tsartsidou, and Panagiotis Karkanas

A B S T R A C T Nucleated tell sites emerged on the Great Hungarian Plain nearly a millennium aft... more A B S T R A C T Nucleated tell sites emerged on the Great Hungarian Plain nearly a millennium after the earliest agricultural communities established sedentary settlements at the beginning of the Neolithic period. Once established, these unprecedentedly large population centers had a dramatic impact on their local environment. In this article, we present the results of our recent research at two Neolithic tells in the Körös Region of the Great Hungarian Plain. These sites – Vésztő-Mágor and Szeghalom-Kovácshalom – were established at roughly the same time and were located on the same branch of the Sebes-Körös River. Focusing on two methods – geophysics and micro-stratigraphy – we compare how these two nearby sites were established, evolved, and were abandoned within their local landscapes. Whereas geophysical surveys provide a horizontal picture of how the sites expanded over space, microstratigraphic studies provide a vertical perspective of the social processes that built the tells over time. Although both settlements were established at the same time, the sites developed in very different ways. We attribute these differences in the micro-regional trajectories to specific traditions associated with different local communities.

Bikeri: Two Copper Age Villages in the Great Hungarian Plain (2021)

by Attila Gyucha, William A. Parkinson, and Richard Yerkes

The CoTsen InsTITuTe of ArChAeology Press is the publishing unit of the Cotsen Institute of Archa... more The CoTsen InsTITuTe of ArChAeology Press is the publishing unit of the Cotsen Institute of Archaeology at UCLA, a premier research organization dedicated to the creation, dissemination, and conservation of archaeological knowledge and heritage. It is home to both the Interdepartmental Archaeology Graduate Program and the UCLA/Getty Master's Program in the Conservation of Archaeological and Ethnographic Materials. The Cotsen Institute provides a forum for innovative faculty research, graduate education, and public programs at UCLA in an effort to positively impact the academic, local and global communities. Established in 1973, the Cotsen Institute is at the forefront of archaeological research, education, conservation and publication, and is an active contributor to interdisciplinary research at UCLA. ThE CoTsEn InsTITUTE of ArChAEoLoGy PrEss specializes in producing high-quality academic volumes in nine different series, including Monumenta Archaeologica, Monographs, World Heritage and Monuments, Cotsen Advanced Seminars, and Ideas, Debates, and Perspectives. Through a generous endowment by Lloyd E. Cotsen, longtime Institute volunteer and benefactor, the Press makes the fruits of archaeological research accessible to scholars, professionals, students, and the general public. our archaeological publications receive critical acclaim in both academic communities and the public at large.

Neolithic Alepotrypa Cave In the Mani, Greece

by William A. Parkinson, Daniel J. Pullen, Michael L . Galaty, and Panagiotis Karkanas

Alepotrypa Cave at Diros Bay, Lakonia, Greece, is a massive karstic formation of consecutive cham... more Alepotrypa Cave at Diros Bay, Lakonia, Greece, is a massive karstic formation of consecutive chambers ending at a lake. The cave was excavated by G. Papathanassopoulos from 1970 to 2006. In conjunction with the surrounding area, it was used as a complementary habitation area, burial site, and place for ceremonial activity during the Neolithic c 6000 to 3200 BC.

As a sealed, single-component, archaeological site, the Neolithic settlement complex of Alepotrypa Cave is one of the richest sites in Greece and Europe in terms of number of artifacts, preservation of biological materials, volume of undisturbed deposits, and horizontal exposure of archaeological surfaces of past human activity and this publication is an important contribution to ongoing archaeological research of the Neolithic Age in Greece in particular, but also in Anatolia, the Balkans and Europe in general.

This edited volume offers a full scholarly interdisciplinary study and interpretation of the results of approximately 40 years of excavation and analysis. It includes numerous chemical analyses and a much needed long series of radiocarbon dates, the corresponding microstratigraphic, stratigraphic and ceramic sequence, the human burials, stone and bone tools, faunal and floral remains, isotopic analyses, specific locations of human activities and ceremonies inside the cave, as well as a site description and the history of the excavation conducted by G. Papathanassopoulos.