Services and tourism

Novacká, Ľudmila Súčasnosť cestovného ruchu v trajektórii budúcnosti = Current tourism and its future trajectory / Ľudmila Novacká a kolektív. --1. vydání. --Zlín : Radim Bačuvčík -VeRBuM, 2020. --1 online zdroj Částečně souběžný anglický text Obsahuje bibliografie ISBN 978-80-88356-05-9 (online ; pdf) * 338.486 * 338.48 * (437.6) * (048.8:082) -ekonomika cestovního ruchu --21. století -cestovní ruch --Slovensko --21. století -kolektivní monografie 338.3/.4 -Hospodářská a výrobní odvětví [4] Vedecká recenzia: prof. Ing. Róbert ŠTEFKO, PhD., Prešovská univerzita Prešov doc. Dr. Ing. Dagmar ŠKODOVÁ PARMOVÁ, Jihočeská univerzita v Českých Budějovicích Obálka: Ing. Jozef GÁLL Zodpovedný technický a grafický redaktor: Ing. Jozef GÁLL Jazykový redaktor: prom. fil. Igor ĎATKO, VYDAVATEĽSTVO EKONÓM Publikace byla schválena Vědeckou redakcí nakladatelství VeRBuM.

The chapter 6: "Effects of externalities on the hotel business" is focused on the effects of externalities within the sustainable development. The theory review and the issues published in the introduction are the starting scope and basement for the application in two case studies. The first case study presents the economic impacts of copyright fees established by legal rules on the hotel economy. The second one refers the influence of the Ramadan days to demand in restaurant and its’ economic impacts.
Book "Tourism & Hospitality – sustainability and responsibility"  reflects the diversity and variability of sustainability and responsibility in tourism and hospitality industry. ISBN: 978- 80-7259-061-2

Analytická, koncepčná a implementačná časť. Analýza dopytu. Ponuka aktivít a atraktivít pre deti a mládež. Východiská pre marketingovú koncepciu. Vízia. Hlavný cieľ. Čiastkové ciele.  Marketing destinácie Bratislava vo vzťahu ku segmentu detí a mládeže/ rodiny s deťmi. Produkt. Partnerstvo. Marketingová komunikácia. Podklady pre akčný plán. Monitorovací rámec. Návrhy a odporúčania. /
Three parts: Analyse, Concept, Implementation.  Demand analysis. Tourist offer of  activities and attractions for children and youth. Bases for the marketing concept. Vision. The main objective. Sub-objectives. Marketing of the destination Bratislava in relation to the segment of children and youth / families with children. Product. Partnership. Marketing communication. Background for the Action plan. Monitoring framework. Suggestions and recommendations.

Quality and uniform marketing goals concerned to tourist enterprise, client and society. Three ways of marketing goals in tourist development countries: product, destination, satis faction of the clients needs. Successful quality apply is possible if there are: existence and ap plicability of general norms of products quality, creativity of the special standards. Existence and aplication experiences of the standards in Slovakia. Difficulties in the area of social prob lems. Claim to cooperation of tourist enterprises, state and regional institutions. The main problems is our society: environment, security o f the life and healthy, protection of cultural heritage. Proposal of possible solutions.

This paper discusses financial support to the development of tourism in the transition countries. The level of economic development is different. It influences the possibility of capital investment out of domestic sources. It is also showed that the FDI (Foreign Direct Investment) is extremely important factor in the development process due to this economic situation. It is especially related to the Middle European countries, as the highest amount of the foreign capital has been invested there. Besides, different funds (programs) established within the EU, and primarily directed towards the Middle European countries, have considerably contributed so far. An exceptionally important role in it had PHARE program. It is pointed out that this kind of financial help has contributed to the development of the infrastructure for the general institutional and economic growth

The outputs of the  international scientific survey done in 7 countries: the Czech Republic, Croatia, Hungary, North Macedonia, Slovakia, Ukraine, Turkey. The goal of primary research:
• to identify the ability of the hotels to provide the business in conditions of crisis management due to the risks incurred by the pandemics COVID-19 with the aim to present the consequences in the elimination process
• to recognise the negative impacts of selected risks (economic, social-healthy, technological, political, environmental risks) on hospitality providers, hotels and hotel companies, which were subsequently reflected in the crisis (occupancy, changes in demand and consumption, employment, termination or cancelling of business activity, preconditions to bankruptcy etc).
• to summarise the forms, methods, conditions success or obstacles of direct and indirect support for hotels by the public institutions (government, local government)
• to detect positive impacts that have developed as a result of risk and emerging crises and good practices of actors in the hospitality market (a crisis can cause damage, but a properly managed risk can also initiate a new opportunity and challenge.
Exploratory analysis  of 11 factors (EFA), followed by cluster analysis.  Different clusters, labelled: Economy dimension and Hotel product.  5 divided clusters – from the lowest (Turkey) to the highest impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the economic situation in the hotel industry (Slovak Republic).

This article presents the basic topics, actual in the Central European (CE) area in travel and tourism. Author highlights several different attitudes to limit this space. In this article she operates the area of the states Austria, Czech Republic, Hungary, Slovakia and Poland. The main method comparative analyse is done in the framework of these issues: economic impacts of travel and tourism, competitiveness, social influence and digital transformation. The statistic data documents the position of CE countries in travel and tourism area. The economic impacts expressed by criteria GDP, employment, visitor export and employment. The world ranking of competitiveness presents positive and negative evaluation of individual criteria. The eligibility of CE countries in travel and tourism is significant. The important challenge is valid for social issues and transformation of digitalisation. These tasks and responsibilities are relevant for many countries in the Europe and in the world.

The aim of this article is to present the results of economic impacts by the way of visitor exports, it means by expenditure of tourists in Bratislava, the capital of the Slovak republic. The success to achieve the main aim depends on the survey. In present conditions (by available data) is possible to express the total economic impact of direct incomes in the named destination Bratislava. In present circumstances   it is     necessary to calculate the leakage. In our conditions is possible to count out the value of VAT and local tax.  Other leakages related to import of the goods is not possible to calculate because of absence the necessary data. The same problem effects in relation to the savings of the business and the state taxes.  The first step presents the survey. By results the total visitor export is in Bratislava average approximately 110 EUR per day/per person.  The survey refers high difference of expenditure amount by individual source market. Visitor export survey pres...

The aim of this article is to present the results of economic impacts by the way of visitor exports, it means by expenditure of tourists in Bratislava, the capital of the Slovak republic. The success to achieve the main aim depends on the survey. In present conditions (by available data) is possible to express the total economic impact of direct incomes in the named destination Bratislava. In present circumstances it is necessary to calculate the leakage. In our conditions is possible to count out the value of VAT and local tax. Other leakages related to import of the goods is not possible to calculate because of absence the necessary data. The same problem effects in relation to the savings of the business and the state taxes. The first step presents the survey. By results the total visitor export is in Bratislava average approximately 110 EUR per day/per person. The survey refers high difference of expenditure amount by individual source market. Visitor export survey presents the first step in the process of economic impacts evaluation. In generally it is possible to make conclusion and to suggest the hypothesis, that multiplier coefficient of economic impacts could reach value more than 1.

This article presents the basic topics, actual in the Central European (CE) area in travel and tourism. Author highlights several different attitudes to limit this space. In this article she operates the area of the states Austria, Czech Republic, Hungary, Slovakia and Poland. The main method comparative analyse is done in the framework of these issues: economic impacts of travel and tourism, competitiveness, social influence and digital transformation. The statistic data documents the position of CE countries in travel and tourism area. The economic impacts expressed by criteria GDP, employment, visitor export and employment. The world ranking of competitiveness presents positive and negative evaluation of individual criteria. The eligibility of CE countries in travel and tourism is significant. The important challenge is valid for social issues and transformation of digitalisation. These tasks and responsibilities are relevant for many countries in the Europe and in the world.

Tour operators play a central role in the tourism industry. For tourism distribution channels, the emergence of new ones has been of particular significance, since it leads to priorities change in terms of distribution. The purpose of the current study was to examine the Slovak incoming tour operators in relation to tourism distribution in a highly competitive environment. The findings show that the Slovak incoming tour operators as a mediator of accommodation services are not the first choice of a foreign customer when it comes to accommodation provision. This is the consequence of the fact that tour operators are not able to compete in an adequate way with electronics distribution channels (e.g. Booking, Trivago, Go global and others). The research results show that the Slovak incoming tour operators are not able to develop their activities concerning booking offer. If they want to survive, they will have to change their traditional business model and structure their product portfolio and focus on offer of new different services and dynamic products.

The aim of this article was to identify the cause of the negative attitude of Slovak population towards visitors by comparing the differences in national cultures on six primary Hofstede's dimensions: power distance, individualism, masculinity, uncertainty avoidance, long-term orientation and indulgence and provide comparison with Slovakia. The results revealed high score on power distance and masculinity. The high score of this two dimensions' correlates with elements of expressions of superiority and negatively affects not only the way of communication between people from the same cultural and linguistic group, but also with individuals that come from a different cultural environment. Based on these results, it is necessary to develop a smarter marketing approach-strive for innovation and unique marketing activities for a more efficient communication.

The classification of tourist guiding as an unregulated trade fully complies with European Directive on services in the Internal Market and with the principle of freedom to provide services. There are some states that may have no regulations at all, other states, on the other hand prescribe needed qualifications for guiding. The most significant argument for maintaining this business is the quality of services that can be delivered only by a certified tourist guide. The aim of this study was to determine if trained certified tourist guides have a statistically significant impact on a number of visitors and play a role in generating income from tourism. The graphical analysis method and the subsequent statistical analysis of variables used in this study have demonstrated that there is no significant dependence among issued permits, the number of tourists and turnover in tourism. If the European market is to be truly liberalized, efficient and competitive, it is important to start wit...

The aim of this article was to identify the cause of the negative attitude of Slovak population towards visitors by comparing the differences in national cultures on six primary Hofstede’s dimensions: power distance, individualism, masculinity, uncertainty avoidance, long-term orientation and indulgence and provide comparison with Slovakia. The results revealed high score on power distance and masculinity. The high score of this two dimensions′ correlates with elements of expressions of superiority and negatively affects not only the way of communication between people from the same cultural and linguistic group, but also with individuals that come from a different cultural environment. Based on these results, it is necessary to develop a smarter marketing approach - strive for innovation and unique marketing activities for a more efficient communication.