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    Power Train Types - For Operators

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    This document describes the different components and types of transmission systems used in heavy machinery, including mechanical, hydraulic and hydrostatic transmissions. It explains key components such as the torque converter, gearbox and controls, and describes various types of transmissions such as planetary, countershaft and hydrostatic power shift transmissions. It also briefly covers electronic control systems and hydraulic transmission control systems.

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    Power Train Types - For Operators

    Cargado por

    ScribdTranslations
    19 vistas33 páginas
    This document describes the different components and types of transmission systems used in heavy machinery, including mechanical, hydraulic and hydrostatic transmissions. It explains key components such as the torque converter, gearbox and controls, and describes various types of transmissions such as planetary, countershaft and hydrostatic power shift transmissions. It also briefly covers electronic control systems and hydraulic transmission control systems.

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    This document describes the different components and types of transmission systems used in heavy machinery, including mechanical, hydraulic and hydrostatic transmissions. It explains key components such as the torque converter, gearbox and controls, and describes various types of transmissions such as planetary, countershaft and hydrostatic power shift transmissions. It also briefly covers electronic control systems and hydraulic transmission control systems.

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    Power Train Types - for Operators

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    This document describes the different components and types of transmission systems used in heavy machinery, including mechanical, hydraulic and hydrostatic transmissions. It explains key components such as the torque converter, gearbox and controls, and describes various types of transmissions such as planetary, countershaft and hydrostatic power shift transmissions. It also briefly covers electronic control systems and hydraulic transmission control systems.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Descargue como DOC, PDF, TXT o lea en línea desde Scribd
    Descargar como doc, pdf o txt
    19 vistas33 páginas

    Power Train Types - For Operators

    Cargado por

    ScribdTranslations
    This document describes the different components and types of transmission systems used in heavy machinery, including mechanical, hydraulic and hydrostatic transmissions. It explains key components such as the torque converter, gearbox and controls, and describes various types of transmissions such as planetary, countershaft and hydrostatic power shift transmissions. It also briefly covers electronic control systems and hydraulic transmission control systems.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Descargue como DOC, PDF, TXT o lea en línea desde Scribd
    Descargar como doc, pdf o txt
    de 33

    COURSE:

    POWER TRAIN_DRIVE TRAIN OR TRANSMISSION SYSTEM OF


    HEAVY MACHINERY
    I. INTRODUCTION:

    I.1. TRANSMISSION IN HEAVY MACHINERY


    The Transmission is represented as the part of the Power Train of the Machinery, not
    including the Engine. It is also called Drive Train and is made up of the following
    components:
    - Torque Converter (or Mechanical or Hydraulic Clutch or Damper).
    - Power Take Off or Input Transfer Case.
    - Transmission of Speeds and Gears (Mechanical, Hydraulic) Normally called
    Transmission. (In reality it is the Gearbox).
    - Cardan or propellant transmission (Rear and/or Front).
    - Differential transmission (wheeled machinery) or conical coupling (tracked machinery).
    - Final Drives (Includes Brake Systems and/or Directional Clutches).
    The exception in this definition is seen in Machinery that does not have gearboxes, that is,
    where its drive train is a hydrostatic system (Closed or open), consisting of: Travel (or
    Propulsion) Pump, Control Valves and Travel (or Propulsion) Motor, e.g. Those used in
    Excavators, Rollers and some loaders or tractors.

    FUNCTION
    Getting:
    Torque, Speed (Motor) = Torque, Speed (Load)
    If the Load is Greater  Transmission: (-) RPM and (+) Torque
    If the load is less  Transmission: (+) RPM and (-) Torque
    THE TRANSMISSION or DRIVE TRAIN (Does not include engine)
    Hydraulic Transmission
    Hydraulic Transmission
    HYDROSTATIC TRANSMISSION (Closed)

    Hydraulic Transmission

    SCHEMATIC REPRESENTATION
    Legend: (Previous to diagram)
    Hydraulic Transmission
    TRACKED TRACTOR POWER TRAIN (Initial Versions)

    CONVENTIONAL TRACKED TRACTOR POWER TRAIN

    Hydraulic Transmission
    CURRENT TRACK TRACTOR POWER TRAIN (C/ HSS)

    1. Engine 11. HSS motor


    2. Vibration damper. 12. Brake
    3. Universal union 13. Final Command
    4. HSS pump 14. Drive Wheel (Sprocket).
    5. P.T.O. 15. Caterpillar Shoe
    6. Cooling fan pump 16. Transmission pump (Not visible)
    7. Torque converter 17. Lubrication pump (Not visible).
    8. Transmission 18. Sweep pump.
    9. Crown (Bevel Gear) 19. Cooling fan motor
    10. HSS unit the motor.

    Hydraulic Transmission
     The power produced by the diesel engine (5) goes to the transmission (4) through the
    torque converter with lockup clutch (3).
     The transmission (4), with multi-shaft mechanism and combined hydraulic control unit,
    supports easy selection of 8 forward speeds and 4 reverse speeds. Through the shaft
    (6), the power is transmitted from the transmission to the final drives (7). From here, the
    final drive (7) directs the power to the right and left, and the power is transmitted to the
    left and just drives in tandem (8) along the shaft (11).
     The tandem (8) transmits the power to the wheels through a chain and transfers it to the
    machine.

    1. Engine 5. front axle


    2. Torque converter 6. Rear axle
    3. speed transmission 7. Front cardan shaft
    4. Hydraulic pump 8. Rear cardan shaft.

    Hydraulic Transmission
    Hydraulic Transmission
    HYDRAULIC EXCAVATOR POWER TRAIN

    Hydraulic Transmission
    WHEEL TRACTOR POWER TRAIN

    1. Engine 7. Central support.


    2. Torque converter 8. Rear cardan shaft
    3. cardan shaft 9. Front differential axle.
    4. speed transmission 10. Rear cardan shaft
    5. transfer case 11. Rear differential axle.
    6. intermediate cardan shaft

    SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM
    I.2. HYDRAULIC TRANSMISSION .

    It is the part of the drive train that applies hydrostatic and hydrodynamic principles in its
    operation, appropriate to the transmission of engine power through the transformation of its
    rotational movement (RPM) into torque and changes at other different rotational speeds. the
    machinery.
    In the design of Heavy Machinery, there are a variety of ways to classify Hydraulic
    Transmission, which is distinguished from mechanical transmission as follows:

    MECHANICAL TRANSMISSION : Mechanical Clutch + Gearbox.


    HYDRAULIC TRANSMISSION
    1. SERVO TRANSMISSION:
     POWER SHIFT = Torque Converter + Countershaft Power Transmission.
     TORQFLOW = Torque Converter + Planetary Power Transmission.
     HIDROSHIFT = Hydraulic Clutch (Ó Damper) + Servotrans. Planetary.
     POWER SHUTTLE= Torque C.+Countershaft Servotransm. (Av/Ret)+Synchronized
    Manual Shifts.

    2. HYDROSTATIC TRANSMISSION
     OPEN HYDROSTATIC TRANSMISSION =
    Hydraulic Tank + Travel Pump + Control Valves + Travel Motor
     CLOSED HYDROSTATIC TRANSMISSION=
    Travel Pump (Includes Control Valves) + Travel Motor

    Note: Pump or Travel Motor, also called Pump or Propulsion Motor.

    - Torque Converter or Divider ; It complies with the Hydrodynamic Principle, that is, it
    transmits the Rotation and Torque to the rest of the Drive Train due to the effect of the
    velocity energy of the fluid originated with the rotation of the engine.
    - Gearbox ; largest and main component of the Hydraulic Transmission, consists of:
     Mechanical Parts: Axles, gears, bearings, discs and plates, etc.
     Hydraulic Part (consists of: casing or tank, transmission pump, control of distribution,
    pressure and flow valves, single-acting hydraulic cylinders called speed and gear clutch
    drums, transmission filter(s), hoses, pipes, etc. It complies with the open-type
    Hydrostatic Principle, that is, due to the effect of the fluid pressure (oil) reached in the
    transmission hydraulic system, the power is transmitted to generate speed changes.
    - Drive or control in cabin; It can be mechanical, hydraulic, electrical or electronic.
    Therefore, we will go on to develop each of these points, but not before mentioning the
    mechanical clutch and the manually operated mechanical box, which serves as a starting
    point for understanding the purpose of a gearbox or hydraulic transmission.

    II. MECHANICAL CLUTCH


    Hydro-pneumatic drive:
    III. TORQUE OR TORQUE CONVERTER AND DIVIDER

    from Caterpillar and Komatsu:


    WA250-3, WA320, WA450, WA470, WA500, WA600, WA1200, etc.D65EX, D155,
    D375, etc. GD523, WB140, etc.
    IV. THE SPEED TRANSMISSION .
    The power coming from the engine must be converted into useful power to control speed,
    direction and force. Streams do this in several ways:

    Hydraulic Connection.
    Planetary clutches
    Hydraulic/hydrostatic control.

    Each of these methods provides different ground speed, torque, clutch maneuverability, and
    implement force characteristics; Due to the wide variety of jobs that machines do, there are
    different types of transmissions, each designed to convert engine power into a combination
    of speed and force required by each machine.

    IV.1. DIRECT CONTROL TRANSMISSIONS


    IV.2. HYDRAULIC TRANSMISSIONS OR SERVO
    TRANSMISSIONS

    i. PLANETARY SERVO TRANSMISSIONS


    In the Komatsu line, in its loaders: WA1200-3, WA600-1, 3, 6, WA500-1, 3, 6 tractors:….,
    backhoes:…

    BASICS OF PLANETARY SERVO TRANSMISSION

    PLANETARY ENGINEERING GAME WITH DIRECTION AND SPEED

    LAYOUT OF ENG GAMES. PLANETETARIES


    ii. COUNTER SHAFT SERVO TRANSMISSIONS

    At Komatsu: Front Loaders WA180-1, 3; WA320-3, WA470-5, 6; Grader motorcycle:


    GD523-1,

    iii. HYBRID PLANETARY SERVO TRANSMISSIONS / COUNTER AXLES


    iv. HYDROSTATIC TRANSMISSIONS

    At Komatsu we find, among others, the WA250-5L, 250PT-5L, 320L-5 Front Loader;
    v. SERVOMECHANICAL TRANSMISSIONS
    vi. TRANSFER SYSTEMS

    Gear trains are sets of main or helical gears, generally located between the engine and the
    torque converter with the pumps, between the torque converter and the transmission, or
    between the transmission and the ring gear or shaft.
    Transfer gear sets can provide rotational or speed changes; a gear change or a change in
    location from the input drive shaft to the output drive shaft, the gear train group located at
    the input of the transmission is generally called the input transfer gear and the one located
    at the transmission output output transfer gears. An output transfer gear set may also be
    called a drop box when it provides a change in drive line elevation.

    V. TRANSMISSIONS WITH ELECTRONIC CONTROL …………


    VI. HYDRAULIC CONTROL SYSTEM OF THE HYDRAULIC TRANSMISSION .

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