Gustave Gilbert - Wikipedia
Gustave Gilbert - Wikipedia
Gustave Gilbert - Wikipedia
Gustavo Gilberto
Gustave Mark Gilbert (30 de septiembre de 1911 – 6 de febrero
Gustavo Gilberto
de 1977) fue un psicólogo estadounidense más conocido por sus
escritos que contienen observaciones de líderes nazis de alto
rango durante los juicios de Nuremberg . Su libro de 1950, La
psicología de la dictadura, fue un intento de perfilar al dictador
alemán nazi Adolf Hitler utilizando como referencia los
testimonios de los generales y comandantes más cercanos a
Hitler. El trabajo publicado de Gilbert sigue siendo un tema de
estudio en muchas universidades y facultades, especialmente en
el campo de la psicología.
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El siguiente es un famoso intercambio que Gilbert tuvo con Göring en este libro:
Göring: Claro que el pueblo no quiere la guerra. ¿Por qué un pobre vago de una granja
querría arriesgar su vida en una guerra cuando lo mejor que puede sacar de ella es regresar
sano y salvo a su granja? Naturalmente, la gente común no quiere la guerra; ni en Rusia, ni
en Inglaterra, ni en Estados Unidos, ni tampoco en Alemania. Eso se entiende. Pero, después
de todo, son los líderes del país quienes determinan la política y siempre es sencillo arrastrar
al pueblo, ya sea una democracia, una dictadura fascista, un parlamento o una dictadura
comunista.
Gilbert: Hay una diferencia. En una democracia, el pueblo tiene voz y voto en el asunto a
través de sus representantes electos, y en Estados Unidos sólo el Congreso puede declarar
guerras.
Göring: Oh, eso está muy bien, pero, con voz o sin ella, siempre se puede hacer que el
pueblo obedezca las órdenes de los líderes. Eso es fácil. Basta decirles que están siendo
atacados y denunciar a los pacifistas por falta de patriotismo y por exponer al país al peligro.
Funciona de la misma manera en cualquier país.
Vida posterior
En 1948, como psicólogo jefe del Hospital de Veteranos de Lyons, Nueva Jersey, Gilbert trató a
veteranos de la Primera y Segunda Guerra Mundial que habían sufrido crisis nerviosas .
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In September 1954, while he was an Associate Professor of Psychology at Michigan State College,
Gilbert attended the 62nd Annual Convention of the American Psychological Association in New York.
Gilbert was part of a four-person panel discussing "Psychological Approaches to the Problem of Anti-
Intellectualism."
In 1961, when he was the chairman of the psychology department of Long Island University in
Brooklyn, Gilbert was summoned to testify in the trial of Adolf Eichmann in Jerusalem. Gilbert
testified on May 29, 1961, describing how both Ernst Kaltenbrunner and Rudolf Höss tried in their
conversations with him to put the responsibility for the extermination of the Jews on each other's
doorstep. Nevertheless, Eichmann appeared in the accounts of both men. Then he presented a
document, handwritten by Höss, that surveys the process of extermination at Auschwitz and different
sums of people gassed there – under Höss as commandant and according to an oral report by
Eichmann. The court decided not to accept Gilbert's psychological analyses of the prisoners at
Nuremberg as part of his testimony.[7]
In 1967, Gilbert convinced Leon Pomeroy, then a recent graduate from University of Texas at Austin,
to build a clinical doctoral program in the field of psychology at Long Island University. At the time,
Gilbert was serving as chairman of the psychology department of Long Island University in Brooklyn,
New York.
Selected works
(1947). Nuremberg Diary. Farrar, Straus and Company: New York.
(1948). "Hermann Göring: Amiable Psychopath". Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 43,
211–229.
(1950). The Psychology of Dictatorship: Based on an Examination of the Leaders of Nazi
Germany. New York: The Ronald Press Company.
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(1951). "Stereotype persistence and change among college students". Journal of Abnormal and
Social Psychology, 46, 245–254.
See also
Leon Goldensohn
References
Citations
1. Gilbert 1939.
2. Nicholson 2016.
3. El-Hai 2013.
4. Main 2015.
5. Heydecker, Joe Julius (1975). The Nuremberg trial : a history of Nazi Germany as revealed
through the testimony at Nuremberg (https://archive.org/details/nurembergtrialhi0000heyd).
Westport, Conn. : Greenwood Press. p. 83. ISBN 978-0-8371-8131-8.
6. Gilbert, Gustave (16 August 1995). Nuremberg Diary (https://archive.org/details/bygilbertnurembe
0000gilb/page/34/mode/1up?q=106). DaCapo Press. p. 34. Retrieved 17 January 2024.
7. Transcript of the trial of Adolf Eichmann (http://nizkor.com/hweb/people/e/eichmann-adolf/transcrip
ts/Sessions/index-03.html), vol. III (Sessions 55, 56 and 57 contains the testimony of Gilbert) from
the Nizkor Project
8. Williams 1977.
9. "Gustave Gilbert (Character)" (https://web.archive.org/web/20081216090240/http://www.imdb.co
m/character/ch0062610/). IMDb. Archived from the original (https://www.imdb.com/character/ch00
62610/) on 2008-12-16. Retrieved May 20, 2008.
10. Nüchtern, Klaus (30 September 2011). "Ich bin ziemlich schamlos" (https://web.archive.org/web/2
0110930211635/http://www.falter.at/web/print/detail.php?id=533) [I'm pretty shameless]. Falter (in
German). falter.at. Archived from the original on 30 September 2011.
Sources
El-Hai, Jack (2013). The Nazi and the Psychiatrist: Hermann Göring, Dr. Douglas M. Kelley, and a
Fatal Meeting of Minds at the End of WWII. New York: PublicAffairs. ISBN 978-1-61039-156-6.
Gilbert, G. M. (1939). Dynamic Psychophysics and the Phi Phenomenon (https://psycnet.apa.org/reco
rd/1939-06059-001) (PhD thesis). New York: Columbia University.
——— (1947). Nuremberg Diary. New York: Farrar, Straus and Company.
Main, Douglas (September 7, 2015). "Nazi Criminals Were Given Rorschach Tests at Nuremberg" (htt
p://www.newsweek.com/nazi-criminals-were-given-rorschach-tests-nuremberg-psychology-36
9413). Newsweek. Retrieved June 20, 2018.
Nicholson, Ian (2016). "Psychologist of the Nazi Mind" (http://www.apa.org/monitor/2016/05/nazi-min
d.aspx). Monitor on Psychology. Vol. 47, no. 5. Washington: American Psychological
Association. p. 66. Retrieved June 20, 2018.
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Williams, Lena (February 7, 1977). "Dr. Gustave M. Gilbert Dead at 65" (https://www.nytimes.com/197
7/02/07/archives/dr-gustave-m-gilbert-dead-at-65-trial-psychologist-at-nuremberg.html). The
New York Times. Retrieved June 20, 2018.
Further reading
Gilbert, G. M. (1950). The Psychology of Dictatorship: Based on an Examination of the Leaders of
Nazi Germany. New York: Ronald Press.
External links
https://web.archive.org/web/20060622002149/http://alumni.princeton.edu/~class51/mar48.html
http://www.acad.carleton.edu/curricular/PSYC/classes/psych383_Lutsky/P383.htm
http://www.bgu.ac.il/~danbaron/Docs_Dan/genocidal%20mentalities.doc
https://web.archive.org/web/20010405182851/http://www.e-
valuemetrics.com/resume.htm#educational
http://www.ninehundred.net/control/mc-ch6.html
https://web.archive.org/web/20070419194802/http://www.spssi.org/teach_cc_syllabi7.html
http://www.topographiedesterrors.de/opac/find.php?urG=%7C1&urS=goering,!hermann Archived
(https://web.archive.org/web/20070929040146/http://www.topographiedesterrors.de/opac/find.ph
p?urG=%7C1&urS=goering,!hermann) 2007-09-29 at the Wayback Machine
http://www.users.muohio.edu/shermarc/p630lf1.shtml
Obituary (https://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=FB0912F83B5F167493C5A91789D85
F438785F9&scp=16&sq=gustave%20gilbert&st=cse) from The New York Times (preview)
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