PARASITOSIS

Diego Lino
Rafael Lee
Stefano Delgado
Cristopher Torrico
Ana Paola Salvatierra
Yuliana Ferrufino
Kevin Aranda
Tamara Zelada
 01
CONCEPTO Y
CLASIFICACIÓN
Parásito: Organismo animal o vegetal que vive sobre otro o
dentro de él y a sus expensas.
Parasitismo: Modo de vida y tipo de asociación propia de
los parásitos.
Parasitosis: Enfermedad producida por Parásitos.
CLASIFICACIÓN
 02
AMEBIASIS
INTESTINAL
 Amebiasis intestinal
Parasitosis de amplia distribución mundial, producida por la
Entamoeba histolytica.
Localización: protozoo que habita en el Colon.
Presenta 2 formas de vida:
Trofozoito o forma invasiva.
Forma infectante: Quiste. Es resistente a la acción de agentes
físicos externos y a los jugos gástricos.
Forma de transmisión: fecal-oral.
 Formas clinicas
Puede manifestarse con cuadro diarreico, molestias abdominales inespecificas
1. Intestinales Agudas( disentería).
● Crónicas.
● Asintomaticas.
2. Extraintestinales Absceso hepático.
● Encefálica.
● Cutánea.
 Diagnostico
● Examen de parásitos en heces
● Detección de antígeno en heces
● Coprocultivo
● Serología

Tratamiento preventivo
Eliminación sanitaria de las heces.
Hervir el agua de consumo. Evitar contaminación de alimentos
Educar sobre la higiene personal y ambiental.
Fomentar la lactancia materna.
 Tratamiento

Metronidazol: 35-50mg x kg. x día durante 7-10d.

Tinidazol: 50 mg x kg. x día (1dosis) durante 3d.
Secnidazol: 30 mg x kg. x en 2 subdosis 1 día.
Nitazoxanida: 7,5-15mg x kg. x día en 2 tomas por 3 días.
 03
GIARDIASIS
INTESTINAL
Giardia lamblia
● Principal causa de parasitosis a
nivel mundial

● Clasificado como protozoo

● Localizado en áreas proximales del

I.Delgado

● Forma infectante: Quiste ovalado

● Forma de transmision: Fecal-Oral

Formas Clinicas
 04
LA
ASCARDIASIS
 ASCARDIASIS
Agente: áscaris lumbricoides (nematodo)

Al ingerir huevos infectivos larvas inician ciclo en organismo produciendo ciclo de Loeffler

Localización; en su estadio adulto es el intestino delgado.

Forma infectante: El huevo embrionado formado a partir del huevo fecundo o fértil en
el medio exterior.

Forma de transmisión: fecal-oral.

 Cuadro Clinico
Asintomático.

Síndrome de Loeffler.

Manifestaciones alérgicas: urticaria y crisis asmatiforme.

Digestivas: náuseas, vómitos, anorexia, dolor abdominal y obstrucción intestinal en

infestaciones masivas.

Sistema nervioso: insomnio, irritabilidad o languidez física y mental, convulsiones

y terror nocturno.

Migraciones erráticas: Perforación, peritonitis, colecistitis y pancreatitis.

Diagnostico

Tratamiento
 05
LA
STRONGILOIDASIS
 Agente etiologico
Strongyloides stercolaris
● Nematodo que carece de capsula bucal
● Es un parásito facultativo
● Puede persistir décadas por un ciclo de autoinfección
● Presenta estadios de: Huevo, larva rabditoide y larva filariforme

Ciclo biologico
● Ciclo directo
● Ciclo indirecto
● Ciclo de autoinfección
.
 Clinica
PIEL
● Dermatitis pruriginosa

CLINICA RESPIRATORIA
● Tos
● Expectoracion
● Neumonitis
● Sindrome de Loeffler

CLINICA DIGESTIVA
● Dolor epigastrico
● Vomitos
● Diarrea y estreñimiento

SINDROME DE HIPERINFESTACION
● Pacientes inmunocomprometidos
Diagnostico

● Examenes
coproparasitologicos
● ELISA
● Endoscopia y biopsia
● Esputo
● Metodos inmunologicos
Tratamiento

● Ivermectina 0,2 mg/kg/día cada 24 hrs

por 3 días
● Albendazol 200 mg/12 hrs por 3 a 5 días

PREVENCION
● Uso de calzado
● Saneamiento ambiental
● Educacion a la poblacion
 06
LA
TRICHURIASIS
 07
LA
OXIURIASIS
 ENTEROBIUS VERMICULARIS (OXIURUS)
● Es un nematelminto. Produce la enfermedad denominada enterobiosis u
oxiuriasis.

● Tiene una amplia distribución mundial, prevalece entre los niños

preescolares y escolares.

Forma infectante: El huevo embrionado.

ENTEROBIUS VERMICULARIS (OXIURUS)

Transmisión: Autoinfectación, oral-fecal, por contaminación

de alimentos y el agua, y por inhalación.

Localización: Intestino Grueso (Ciego y apéndice)

CICLO DE VIDA
 CLÍNICA
- Prurito anal principalmente nocturno.
- Insomnio, intranquilidad nocturna.
- Sensación de cuerpo extraño.
- Escoriosis de la piel.

DIAGNÓSTICO
Heces fecales: observación del parásito adulto.
Raspado anal o por técnica de cinta celulosa adhesiva de Graham:
observación de los huevos del parásito.
 TRATAMIENTO
1.Albendazol: 400 mg/dosis única.

2.Mebendazol: 100mg/dosis única.

3.Pamoato de Pirantel: 11 mg x kg x dosis única.

El tratamiento debe repetirse a las dos semanas y deben ser

tratados los familiares que viven con el niño.
PREVENCIÓN
1. Higiene personal

2. Lavado frecuente de manos

3. Limpieza de uñas

4. Hervir la ropa de cama e interior

5. Además de la limpieza ambiental.

 08
LA
TENIASIS
 GENERALIDADES
Agente Taenia Saginata y Taenia solium

Se adquieren por la ingestión de carnes

Obtención crudas o mal cocidas

Localización Intestino delgado (yeyuno)

Cisticercos en tejido muscular

Forma infestante
● Bovis/vacuno, cellulosae/cerdos

Vaca: Taenia Saginata

Hospederos
Cerdo: Taenia Solium
 CLINICA
● Asintomática

Bulimia o anorexia, diarrea en ocasiones y

pérdida de peso, hambre dolorosa,
● Gastrointestinal
molestias por la expulsión de proglótides
grávidos por el ano.

● Alérgicas Angioedemas
 DIFERENCIAS
MORFOLÓGICAS
Aspectos Saginata Solium

4 ventosas con rostelo

4 ventosas sin rostelo
Escolex y ganchos
y doble corona de
ganchos

15-30 ramificaciones Menos de 15

Proglótides uterinas ramificaciones uterinas

Hasta 10 metros. Hasta 5 metros.

Tamaño (2000 proglótides) (1000 proglótides)
 MORFOLOGÍA

T. Saginta T. Solium
 DIAGNÓSTICO
● Observación de los Proglótides móviles eliminados por las
heces o hallados en la ropa interior del paciente.

● Observación microscópica de los huevos (se tiñen de rojo

con la coloración de Ziehl-Neelsen). Son indistinguibles
prácticamente en las 2 especies.
 TRATAMIENTO

● Praziquantel: 10mg x kg /dosis única.

● Albendazol: 400mg/dia durante 3d.

● Niclosamida: 50mg x kg/dosis única.

● Nitazoxanida: 7,5-15mg x kg x d. por 3d.

 PREVENCIÓN

● Eliminación higiénica de las heces.

● No ingerir embutidos sin control sanitario.

● Buena cocción de carne de cerdo y de vaca.

● Tratamiento de los infestados.

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS
01 02 03
About the disease Diagnosis Recommendations
You can describe the topic You can describe the topic You can describe the topic
of the section here of the section here of the section here

04 05 06
Pathology Treatment Conclusions
You can describe the topic You can describe the topic You can describe the topic
of the section here of the section here of the section here
INTRODUCTION
Mercury is the closest planet to the Sun and the
smallest one in the Solar System—it’s only a bit larger
than the Moon. The planet’s name has nothing to do
with the liquid metal since it was named after the
Roman messenger god, Mercury
 01
ABOUT THE
DISEASE
 ABOUT THE DISEASE

Mars Jupiter Venus

Mars is a very cold place. Jupiter is the biggest Venus has a beautiful
It’s full of iron oxide dust, planet in the Solar System name and is the second
which gives the planet its and the fourth-brightest planet from the Sun. It’s
reddish cast object in the night sky terribly hot
 ABOUT THE DISEASE
The Sun Venus Venus is really hot

Mars Mars is a cold place

About the
Earth Neptune Neptune is far from us
disease

Earth We all live on Earth

Ceres Saturn Saturn has several rings

CONCEPTS AND TYPOLOGY

Neptune is the farthest planet from

Neptune the Sun and the fourth-largest in the
Solar System

Mercury is the closest planet to the

Mercury Sun and also the smallest one in the
Solar System

Despite being red, Mars is actually a

very cold place. It’s full of iron oxide
Mars dust, which gives the planet its
reddish cast
AWESOME
WORDS
 PATHOLOGY

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Lists like this one:
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And the most important thing: the audience won’t
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 SYMPTOMS OF THE DISEASE

Saturn Mercury
Saturn is a gas giant and Mercury is the closest
has several rings. It’s planet to the Sun and
composed of hydrogen the smallest of them all

Neptune Venus
Neptune is the Venus has a beautiful
fourth-largest planet in name and is the second
the Solar System planet from the Sun
 A PICTURE IS
WORTH A
THOUSAND WORDS
 RISK FACTORS
Mercury
10% It’s the closest planet to the Sun

Mars
20% Despite being red, Mars is a cold place

Neptune
30% Neptune is far away from Earth

Saturn
40% Saturn was named after a Roman god

Follow the link in the graph to modify its data and then paste the new one here. For more info, click here
 KEY NUMBERS

5,000
50,000 Venus
20,000
Venus is the second
planet from the Sun

Mercury Mars
Mercury is the closest Despite being red, Mars
planet to the Sun is a cold place
 “This is a quote, words
full of wisdom that
someone important said
and can make the
reader get inspired.”
—Someone Famous
 DIAGNOSIS
Neptune
Neptune is the farthest planet from the Sun. It's also the
fourth-largest planet by diameter in the Solar System

Jupiter
Jupiter is a gas giant and the biggest planet in the Solar
System. It's the fourth-brightest object in the night sky

Saturn
Saturn is a gas giant and has several rings. It's composed
mostly of hydrogen and helium
 RECOMMENDATIONS

What to do What not to do

● You can describe what the ● You can describe what the
patient should do here patient shouldn’t do here
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patient should do here patient shouldn’t do here
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● You can describe what the ● You can describe what the
patient should do here patient shouldn’t do here
150,000
Big numbers catch your audience’s attention
 PREVENTION

Mercury Venus Mars

Mercury is the Venus is the second Despite being red,
smallest planet of planet from the Sun. Mars is actually a
them all It has a nice name cold place

Jupiter Saturn Neptune

It’s the biggest planet. Saturn is gas giant Neptune is the
It was named after a and it’s composed of fourth-largest planet
Roman god hydrogen and helium in the Solar System
 TREATMENT

01 02 03 04

Jupiter Mercury Venus Mars

Jupiter is the Mercury is the Venus is the Despite being red,
biggest planet of smallest planet of second planet Mars is actually a
them all them all from the Sun cold place
 A PICTURE
ALWAYS
REINFORCES
THE CONCEPT
Images reveal large amounts of
data, so remember: use an image
instead of a long text. Your
audience will appreciate it
 PREVALENCE

Mercury
It’s the closest
planet to the Sun

Mars
Despite being red,
Mars is a cold place

Follow the link in the graph to modify its data and then paste the new one here. For more info, click here
 CONCLUSIONS

Conclusion 1 Conclusion 2
Mercury is the closest Venus has a beautiful
planet to the Sun and the name and is the second
smallest of them all planet from the Sun

Conclusion 3 Conclusion 4
Jupiter is a gas giant and Despite being red, Mars
the biggest planet in the is actually a cold place. It
Solar System was named after a god
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