Ingles II 2023
Ingles II 2023
Ingles II 2023
NÚCLEO DE MONAGAS
DEPARTAMENTO SOCIO-HUMANÍSTICO
SECCIÓN DE INGLÉS
MATURÍN
2
INDICE DE CUADROS
3
INDICE DE FIGURAS
4
INTRODUCCIÓN
1
2
3
4
1.2 JUSTIFICACIÓN
● Adquirir los fundamentos del idioma inglés útiles para aprender a hablar
y entender lo que otros dicen.
1.3 OBJETIVOS
ORIENTACIONES GENERALES
DATOS GENERALES
NOMBRE DE LA ASIGNATURA: Inglés II para Ciencias Administrativas
ESCUELA: Unidad de Cursos Básicos
DEPARTAMENTO: Socio-Humanístico
CÓDIGO: 0071523
PRE – REQUISITOS: ninguno
CRÉDITOS: 03
SEMESTRE: I
HORAS SEMANALES: 04
HORAS TEÓRICAS: 02
HORAS PRÁCTICAS: 02
FACILITADOR: BELKYS E. MEZA E
Lic. En Educación Mención Inglés
10
METODOLOGÍA DE EVALUACIÓN
Criterios De Evaluación
NRO. DE EVALUACIÓN ACTIVIDAD DE PONDERACIÓN
EVALUACIÓN
TOTAL
11
profesor/profesora
Universidad de Oriente
Núcleo de Monagas
Departamento Socio- Humanístico
Sección de Inglés.
Maturín
OBJETIVOS ESPECÍFICOS:
Desarrollar competencia para:
1. Identificar las características fundamentales del texto de definición y de
ejemplificación.
2. Reconocer los indicadores del texto de definición y de ejemplificación.
3. Reconocer la idea principal en ambos textos.
4. Determinar la organización de las ideas del texto de definición y de
ejemplificación.
5. Elaborar mapas semánticos a partir de un texto de definición y de
ejemplificación.
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13
CONTENIDO
1. Características de los textos de definición y de ejemplificación.
2. Indicadores del texto de definición ( verbto be, known as, defined as,
etc.) y de ejemplificación (forexample, as illustration, such as, etc)
3. Tipos de definición: Formal e informal
4. Definición de idea principal y secundaria,
5. Función de los conectores como elementos de cohesión.
TEXTOS DE DEFINICIÓN
Estos textos son usados comúnmente por los escritores para aclarar el
significado de diferentes ideas, términos o conceptos que quizás el lector no
comprenda, en su mayoría nuevos o desconocidos, y lo hace ya sea
mediante definiciones o ejemplos claros y precisos. Es el desarrollo del
párrafo mediante la definición de una palabra, idea o concepto clave
presente en la idea temática.
todavía.
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in the economy.
15
counter.
Otro método muy común es utilizar el mismo patrón como en la parte 2
de arriba y darle algunas características de distinción
● Internal recruitment means that the person chosen for the position is
● Personal selling is the oldest method of selling that involves a two way
Examples:
TIPOS DE DEFINICIÓN
Practice: Read the Definition paragraph, and highlight all the definition
signal words you find in the paragraph. Write if it is formal or an informal
definition.
BOOKKEEPING
Textos de ejemplificación
Son los que el escritor utiliza para expresar una serie de ejemplos de
apoyo a un punto utilizando una lista de hechos, eventos, estadísticas, gente,
muestras, citas célebres, anécdotas (cuentos breves).
ejemplos específicos.
Types of examples
● Ejemplos que ilustran: dan ejemplos concretos para ilustrar una idea.
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concepto.
● Ejemplos que cuentan una historia: usan una historia corta para ilustrar
un punto.
● People who work regular jobs, such as taxi drivers, do not get rich, even
cooper.
insurance companies collect statistics which show how many people die
at what age each year or how many fires there is each year.
Example:
Many restaurants are franchise businesses. Some of them are MacDonalds,
Burger King, Kentucky Fried Chicken, and Pizza Hut. Each restaurant has a
different owner.
Una oración asunto presentará una idea y señala la visión de esta idea. El
párrafo entonces incluirá al menos tres ejemplos que apoyan la conclusión,
así como también un ejemplo válido que es opuesto a éste. Sí hay varios
ejemplos contrarios, otro párrafo externo será utilizado para esquematizarlo y
entonces explicará por qué ellos son insuficientes para invalidar los
criterios.
Multiple Example Outline uses several examples to completely support the
main idea
Topic: _______________________________________________________
Topic Sentence: ______________________________________________
1. Example: __________________________________________________
2. Example: __________________________________________________
3. Example: __________________________________________________
Concluding Sentence: __________________________________________
Extended Example focuses on one major example, but examines all its finer
details.
Topic: _______________________________________________________
Topic Sentence: ______________________________________________
1.Example: ___________________________________________________
What they are designed to measure, e.g., abilities, skills, work styles,
work values, or vocational interests.
A. Two examples
B. four examples
C. six examples
2. In this exemplification paragraph
A. one example
B. two examples
C. three examples
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TEXTOS DE EXPLICACIÓN
Son textos que describen cómo trabaja algo o cómo se hizo. Es decir,
una explicación le dice a su audiencia cómo funciona algo o por qué sucede
algo. Las explicaciones detallan y describen lógicamente las etapas de un
proceso, como el ciclo del agua, o como funciona un motor.
Se escribe una explicación para explicar cómo y por qué sucede algo
en el mundo. Las explicaciones desempeñan un papel valioso en la
construcción y el almacenamiento de nuestros conocimientos. La escritura
técnica y científica a menudo se expresa en esta forma.
Un segundo tipo explica por qué suceden las cosas, por ejemplo,
por qué los objetos se expanden y contraen y por qué los espejos de baño se
empañan cuando nos duchamos.
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objeto.
Topic sentence:
Identifica lo que está
siendo explicado.
Support Sentences:
Suministra una explicación
secuenciada de cómo y por qué
algo trabaja o algo ocurre.
Concluding Sentence:
Ofrece un breve resumen del proceso en
conclusión (opcional).
Practice: Read the explanation paragraph, and highlight all the explanation
signal words you find in the paragraph.
Decision theory
Explanation:
Some say that decision theory can be equated with statistics since they say
statistics is the science of decision-making under uncertainty. There is,
therefore, a number of textbooks with decision theory or sometimes statistical
decision theory in their titles and these books are straightforward statistics
textbooks. Others regard decision theory as both science and art and there
are several textbooks on The Art of Judgement that rarely mention statistics
or statistical concepts. Notable are the writings of Sir Geoffrey Vickers and H
A Simon. Other writers treat the subject as a part of operations research and
draw on different branches of pure and applied mathematics and statistics for
their material. Typically, these books include utility theory, decision rules
(minimaxetc), the Bayes theorem, some probability theory, somegame theory,
some set theory (Boolean algebra, symbolic logic) and truth tables. Yet others
equate the subject with management techniques and include industrial
democracy and network analysis in their belief.
o un vocablo sustituto.
Todos estos indicios o algunos de ellos indican con frecuencia las ideas más
importantes y les pueden ayudar a deducir la idea principal del párrafo.
Practice:
What is credit?
Credit is a method of exchange of labor in lieuof money.
If you earn $20,080 dollars a year ($10/hr.) and want to buy a car worth
$30,000, you would need to work 3,000 hours to pay for it (actually about
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3,900 hours because you have to pay all your taxes and deductions off the
top).
Rather than wait until you have gathered the necessary money by working
the hours, you can pledge your future labor as a guarantee towards that
obligation and get the car now. Your history of how you honor those types of
obligations is your "credit rating."
It could be said that credit is simply a state of mind that all will honor their
obligations.
Fuente: Disponible en http://www.accountingcrosswords.com/debits-
credits.php
PRACTICE: Read the passage and identify the central theme from the text.
Which statement best expresses the main idea of the text?
1) in the first sentence
2) in the last sentence
3) in the middle of the paragraph
4) in two sentences of the paragraph
5) not stated in the paragraph directly (implied)
a) The term that is defined in this passage
is_____________________________
Son las que proporcionan los detalles del asunto del párrafo, justifican,
explican, detallan o ejemplifican lo dicho en la principal.
Detalles de apoyo consisten en la información adicional que el autor ofrece
para que los lectores puedan comprender la idea principal completamente.
La función de los detalles es apoyar (explicar, ilustrar, demostrar) la
información contenida en la idea principal.
Hay dos tipos de detalles: mayor y menor
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● explican un detalle.
Types of SupportingDetails.
● Statistics and facts: hechos que pueden ser probados o que sugieren
contexto.
Practice:
SUPPORTING DETAILS. Highlight the supporting details. Then list the types
of supporting details used in the paragraph
What is debt?
Debt is what you create from a credit transaction and are obligated to pay
back. Credit and debt walk hand in hand. However, the levels of credit and
debt are often not equal.
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If you purchase a rare painting with debt and it rises in value, the present
value will be more than the debt. You will have earned extra credit (current
sales price - debt = credit).
However, if you purchase, say a mobile home, it will be worth less when you
try to sell it than your debt against the home. You will be the proud owner of
debt (current sales price - debt = debt).
Fuente: http://www.12manage.com/i_hr.html
Universidad de Oriente
Núcleo de Monagas
Departamento Socio- Humanístico
Sección de Inglés.
Maturín
PRE-READING STRATEGIES:
STRATEGIES ACTIVITY (ES)
2.SCANNING:
Es una técnica de búsqueda rápida de 2.1 Scan the text. What do you
información específica a partir de claves,
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3. PREDICTING/ Predicción del tema 3.1 Read the text. Think what might
central a partir del título, subtitulo, happen in the paragraph, what words
imágenes. Predicting implica supervisar el may be used, or what information the
texto y anticipar lo que pasará después. text might contain. Then answer
● Prediga qué va a suceder en la these questions.
3.2 What do you know about this
lectura.
subject that can help you predict what
will be covered next?
● Indique tres cosas para buscar
3.3 Look at the sub-heading (or
en el principio de predecir (autor,
picture, map, graph, etc.). What does
título, cuadro).
the sub-heading lead you to believe
will be presented next?
● Cambie sus predicciones cuando
3.4 Why do you think the author
lea el artículo.
wrote this? What information will be
presented next?
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READING STRATEGIES
STRATEGIES ACTIVITY (ES)
1.-MAIN IDEAS: Esla idea 1.1 Read the paragraph and ask,
imprescindible para entender lo “What’s your point? Underline the main
que el material va a contener ideas. Read the article and jot down the
main idea of each paragraph in the
margin.
2.-SUPPORTING DETAILS: Las 2.1 List the types of supporting details
ideas secundarias dan más used in the paragraphs.
información, ejemplifican y
explican de manera más amplia
las ideas principales, aunque estas
sean eliminadas, la información
central del texto siempre se
entiende.
3.- DEFINITION AND 3.1 Circle all the signal words of
EXEMPLIFICATION definition/exemplification/explanation
CONNECTIVES. in the reading passages.
Los Conectivos son palabras que
se utilizan para unir (conectar))
ideas en algún tipo de
interrelación.
4.-SIMPLE SENTENCES: 4-1 Identify the structure of SIMPLE
expresan un pensamiento sentences in the article.
completo y contiene un sujeto y un
predicado.
5.-COMPOUND SENTENCES: 5.1 Identify the structure of
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The difference between job costing and process costing is the extent of
averaging used to compute unit costs of product and services. The cost
object in job costing is a job that constitutes a distinctly identifiable product or
service. The quantity of manufacturing resources is different in any job. It
50
would be incorrect to cost each job at the same average manufacturing cost.
So, when like or similar units are mass produced, process costing averages
manufacturing costs over all units produced.
Universidad de Oriente
Núcleo de Monagas
Departamento Socio- Humanístico
Sección de Inglés.
Maturín
51
52
CONTENIDO
1. Características de los textos de clasificación y división.
2. Indicadores del texto de clasificación y de división (types, classifiedinto,
kinds, dividedinto, etc.).
3. Diferencias entre clasificación y división.
4. Mapas semánticos usados para textos de clasificación y división.
5. La división y la clasificación son dos métodos para organizar y explicar
información.
CLASSIFICATION
DE LO GENERAL A LO ESPECÍFICO
DE LO ESPECÍFICO A LO GENERAL
Nota: La voz activa y la voz pasiva como “made up” y make up” no son
intercambiables.
EXAMPLES:
⮚ The CPU is made up of the control unit, the arithmetic-logical unit, and
Practice:
Read the Classification paragraph, and highlight all the classification signal
words you find in the paragraph.
Levels of management
2. MiddleLevel of Management
The branch managers and departmental managers constitute middle level.
They are responsible to the top management for the functioning of their
department. They devote more time to organizational and directional
functions. In small organization, there is only one layer of middle level of
management but in big enterprises, there may be senior and junior middle
level management. Their role can be emphasized as -
i. They execute the plans of the organization in accordance with the
policies and directives of the top management.
j. They make plans for the sub-units of the organization.
k. They participate in employment & training of lower level management.
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l. They interpret and explain policies from top level management to lower
level.
m.They are responsible for coordinating the activities within the division or
department.
n. It also sends important reports and other important data to top level
management.
o. They evaluate performance of junior managers.
p. They are also responsible for inspiring lower level managers towards
better performance.
y. They arrange necessary materials, machines, tools etc for getting the
things done.
z. They prepare periodical reports about the performance of the workers.
aa. They ensure discipline in the enterprise.
bb. They motívate workers.
cc. They are the image builders of the enterprise because they are in
direct contact with the workers.
Fuente:http://telecollege.dcccd.edu/mgmt1374/book_contents/1overview/
managerial_roles/mgrl_roles.htm
DIVISIÓN
superficiales.
EXAMPLES:
4. Historically, trade has been restricted in two major ways. One is through
“tariffs”-taxes placed on imports to increase their price in the domestic
market. The other is through quotas-limits placed on the quantities if a
product that can be imported.
5. The main tasks in sales management consist of coordinating the selling
efforts of individuals.
Practice: Read the Division paragraph, and highlight all the Division signal
words you find in the paragraph.
Stockholders' equity
The paid-in capital component reports the amounts the corporation received
when it issued its common and preferred (if any) stock. If the stock had a par
value, the total par value of each class of stock is reported in a separate "par"
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account. Any amount received that was greater than the per amount is
reported in an account such as Premium on Common or Paid-in Capital in
Excess of Par—Common Stock.
Retained earnings reports the cumulative net income since the start of the
corporation minus the dividends declared since the start of the corporation.
(In rare instances there may have been some adjustments to the balance of
the retained earnings.) In effect, the retained earnings are the profits that the
stockholders have opted to reinvest in the business. The amounts are likely to
be invested in various assets and are not likely to be in cash.
Treasury stock (cost method) reports the amount paid by the corporation to
purchase its own shares of stock. This account will have a debit balance and
therefore reduces the amount of stockholders equity.
The total of stockholders' equity is the book value of the corporation. You
should realize that the book value or stockholders' equity is not an indication
of the market value of the corporation.
Universidad de Oriente
Núcleo de Monagas
Departamento Socio- Humanístico
Sección de Inglés.
Maturín
Las metas que se persiguen Discuss why you were or were not
influyen en cómo se lee.La motivated to read the text. Did the
motivación con que se lee es purpose for reading ("Be ready to
responsable de muchas de las discuss the text.") make you more or
diferencias individuales que less motivated to read the text?
aparecen a lo largo del proceso de
comprensión.
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COMPREHENSION MONITORING.
Evaluate your comprehension of this assignment;
Excellent ____ Very Good ____ Satisfactory ____ Poor _____
Classification of organizations
Types of accounts
1. Asset accounts: represent the different types of economic resources
owned by a business, common examples of Asset accounts are cash,
cash in bank, building, inventory, prepaid rent, goodwill, accounts
receivable
2. Liability accounts: represent the different types of economic obligations
by a business, such as accounts payable, bank loan, bonds payable,
accrued interest.
3. Equity accounts: represent the residual equity of a business (after
deducting from Assets all the liabilities) including Retained Earnings
and Appropriations.
4. Revenue accounts or income: represent the company's gross earnings
and common examples include Sales, Service revenue and Interest
Income.
5. Expense accounts: represent the company's expenditures to enable
itself to operate. Common examples are electricity and water, rentals,
depreciation, doubtful accounts, interest, insurance.
Contra-accounts: from the term ciccia, meaning to deduct, the value of which
are opposite the 5 above mentioned types of accounts. For instance, a
contra-asset account is Accumulated depreciation. This label represents
deductions to a relatively permanent asset like Building.
UNIDAD III
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Núcleo de Monagas
Departamento Socio- Humanístico
Sección de Inglés.
Maturín
79
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CONTENIDO:
1. Características de los textos de comparación y contraste.
palabras especiales son señales para el lector que las cosas que
parecen similares son realmente diferentes. Empleando tales palabras
ayuda al autor y al lector a conectar cláusulas, oraciones y párrafos.
diferentes.
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● Evalúan.
Son conectores de comparación los que el autor utiliza para señalar una
similitud entre dos aspectos. Significa que la segunda idea es como la
primera de alguna manera. Las palabras de Contraste cambian la dirección
del pensamiento del escritor. Significa que el autor está señalando una
diferencia entre dos aspectos o declaraciones.
Practice: Read the Comparison and Contrast paragraph, and highlight all the
Comparison and Contrast signal words you find in the paragraph.
Las En su En su
ENFASIS similitudes y mayoría mayoria
diferencias. diferencias similitudes.
B.- Contrastando – Cubre todas las similitudes juntas; luego cubre todas las
diferencias juntas. Este modelo es mejor adecuado para temas cuyas
diferencias y similitudes son más balanceadas. . Un esquema de este tipo
podría ser como este:
I. Introduction.
II. Similarity 1
III. Similarity 2
IV. Similarity 3
V. Difference 1
VI. Difference 2
VII. Difference 3
VIII. Conclusion
DIAGRAMS
Figura 3.3 Mapa de doble cuadros, doble circulo, doble columna para
Comparación y Contraste.
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COMPARING CONCEPTS
Los conectores son palabras y frases que conectan las ideas en una
oración con la idea de otra oración. Lustran el movimiento entre las oraciones
y demuestran las relaciones. Esto disminuye los errores del lector y su
funciones unir elementos y establecer relaciones entre ellos.
CONTRASTING IDEAS
COMPARING IDEAS
CLAUSES OF EXPRESSIONS OF WORDS AND
COMPARISON COMPARISON EXPRESSIONS OF
SIMILARITY AND
DIFFERENCES
Comparative Word + In comparisonwith Thesame as
THAN
Ratherthan Comparedto/ with Different from
As……..as Similar to
Not so……..as Conformto
VERBS OF SIMILARITY
match
resemble
Look like
Correspondto
VERBS OF
DIFFERENCE
Differ
Vary
Diverge
Deviate
Tabla 3.2 Conectores para comparar ideas entre si
Practice 1: Connectives.
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Read the text belowand identify the language forms which compare or
contrast ideas, then classify them according to the heading which follow.
ENTREPRENEURSHIP
the opportunities.” [8] In other words, bigger problems will often mean there will
be a bigger market for the product or service that the entrepreneur creates.
We hope you can see why the problem-solving, opportunity-seeking nature of
entrepreneurship is a fundamental building block for effective principles of
management.
Fuente: Disponible en:
http://205.213.162.11/project_write/PW_2002/visual.html
CONNECTIVE SAMPLE SENTENCES
CLAUSES OF CONTRAST:
CLAUSES OF CONTRAST:
CLAUSES OF CONTRAST:
CLAUSES OF COMPARISON
CLAUSES OF COMPARISON
CLAUSES OF COMPARISON
CLAUSES OF CONTRAST:
CLAUSES OF COMPARISON
CLAUSES OF COMPARISON
CLAUSES OF COMPARISON
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Universidad de Oriente
Núcleo de Monagas
Departamento Socio- Humanístico
Sección de Inglés.
Maturín
READING STRATEGIES
complement).
Learning Objectives
1. Know the roles and importance of leadership, entrepreneurship, and
strategy in principles of management.
2. Understand how leadership, entrepreneurship, and strategy are
interrelated.
The principles of management are drawn from a number of academic fields,
principally, the fields of leadership, entrepreneurship, and strategy.
LEADERSHIP
Whereas P&G has been around for some 170 years, another winning
firm in terms of leadership is Google, which has only been around for little
more than a decade. Both firms emphasize leadership in terms of being
exceptional at developing people. Google has topped Fortune’s 100 Best
Companies to Work for the past two years. Google’s founders, Sergey Brin
and Larry Page, built a company around the idea that work should be
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challenging and the challenge should be fun. [6] Google’s culture is probably
unlike any in corporate America, and it’s not because of the ubiquitous lava
lamps throughout the company’s headquarters or that the company’s chef
used to cook for the Grateful Dead. In the same way Google puts users first
when it comes to online service, Google espouses that it puts employees first
when it comes to daily life in all of its offices. There is an emphasis on team
achievements and pride in individual accomplishments that contribute to the
company’s overall success. Ideas are traded, tested, and put into practice
with a swiftness that can be dizzying. Observers and employees note that
meetings that would take hours elsewhere are frequently little more than a
conversation in line for lunch and few walls separate those who write the
code from those who write the checks. This highly communicative
environment fosters a productivity and camaraderie fueled by the realization
that millions of people rely on Google results. Leadership at Google amounts
to a deep belief that if you give the proper tools to a group of people who like
to make a difference, they will.
COMPREHENSION MONITORING.
Evaluate your comprehension of this assignment;
Excellent ____ Very Good ____ Satisfactory ____ Poor _____
UNIDAD IV
Universidad de Oriente
Núcleo de Monagas
Departamento Socio- Humanístico
Sección de Inglés.
Maturín
OBJETIVOS ESPECÍFICOS:
Desarrollar competencia para:
1. Identificar las características fundamentales del texto de proceso.
2. Reconocer los indicadores del texto de proceso.
3. Identificar los pasos o procedimientos descritos en un texto de proceso
4. Determinar la organización del texto de proceso.
5. Elaborar mapas semánticos a partir de un texto de proceso.
6. Reconocer la organización lógica de artículos científicos.
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CONTENIDO
1. Definición de proceso
PRACTICE: Read the Process paragraph, and highlight all the Process
signal words you find in the paragraph.
● Identify all activities that must be included in the calendar and arrange
them chronologically.
Practice: Locate the title, underline it, and label it in the margin. Then, locate
the topic sentence, draw a line across the page at the end of it, at label it in
the margin. Next, locate the support sentence of the essay and draw a line at
the end of its sections. Number these sections. Finally, locate the concluding
sentence and label it in the margin.
The recruitment process begins when you know you need someone new in
the School or Department, either because an existing staff member has left,
or because there is new work to be done. It doesn't finish until after the
appointment has been made and you have reflected on any changes that you
would make in future recruitments.
The main stages are identified below.
Recruitment Activities
Identify vacancy
Prepare job description and person specification
Advertise
Managing the response
Short-listing
Visits
Referents
Arrange interviews
Conduct the interview
Decision making
Convey the decision
Appointment action
(Características y usos)
Tipos de artículos
▪ Son originales: cada artículo comunica por primera vez los resultados
de una investigación.
presentación.
vocabulario científico.
Título: debe ser corto, conciso y claro. Se recomienda que sea escrito
después de redactar el núcleo del paper (introducción, material-métodos,
resultados y discusión). Los títulos pueden ser informativos o indicativos.
Practice:
Read the article and complete the table below.
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STRATEGIES ACTIVITY
(ES)
COMPREHENSION MONITORING.
Management as a process
As a process, management refers to a series of inter – related functions.
It is the process by which management creates, operates and directs
purposive organization through systematic, coordinated and co-operated
human efforts, according to George R. Terry, “Management is a distinct
process consisting of planning, organizing, actuating and controlling,
performed to determine and accomplish stated objective by the use of human
beings and other resources”. As a process, management consists of three
aspects:
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Cynthia M. Pavett and Alan W. Lau, “Managerial Work: The influence of
hierarchical level and functions specialty,” Academy of Management Journal
26, no.1 (March 1983): 170-177
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OBJETIVOS ESPECÍFICOS:
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137
CONTENIDO
1. Características de los textos de proceso tipo orden cronológico.
2. Indicadores para el reconocimiento del orden cronológico.
3. (First, second, next, after, before, finally, etc.).
4. Mapas semánticos usados para textos de proceso tipo orden
cronológico.
5. Conectores como elementos de cohesión.
Orden Cronológico.
PRACTICE: Read the chronological order paragraph, and highlight all the
chronological order signal words you find in the paragraph
VENEZUELAN BOLIVAR
The bolívar was adopted by the monetary law of 1879, replacing the
short-lived venezolano at a rate of 5 bolívares = 1 venezolano. Initially, the
bolívar was defined on the silver standard, equal to 4.5 g fine silver, following
the principles of the Latin Monetary Union. The monetary law of 1887 made
the gold bolívar unlimited legal tender, and the gold standard came into full
operation in 1910. Venezuela went off gold in 1930, and in 1934 the bolívar
exchange rate was fixed in terms of the U.S. dollar at a rate of 3.914
bolívares = 1 U.S. dollar, revalued to 3.18 bolívares = 1 U.S. dollar in 1937, a
rate which lasted until 1941. Until February 18, 1983 (now called Black Friday
(Viernes Negro) by many Venezuelans, the bolívar had been the region's
most stable and internationally accepted currency. Since then, however, it
has fallen prey to high devaluation.
From January 1, 2010, the bolívar was officially pegged to the U.S.
dollar at a fixed exchange rate of 2.60 bolívares (type 1) and 4.30 bolívares
(type 2) to the dollar by the BCV.Read more: www.wikipedia.com
140
PRACTICE: Locate the title, underline it, and label it in the margin. Then,
locate the topic sentence, draw a line across the page at the end of it, at label
it in the margin. Next, locate the support sentence of the essay and draw a
line at the end of its sections. Number these sections. Finally, locate the
concluding sentence and label it in the margin.
141
Frederick Winslow Taylor (March 20, 1856 - March 21, 1915) was an
American engineer who sought to improve industrial efficiency. Taylor was
born in Germantown, Pennsylvania to a wealthy family. He had intended a
university education at Harvard, but ill-health forced him to consider an
alternative career. In 1874 he became an apprentice machinist, learning of
factory conditions at grass-roots level. He qualified as an engineer due to
evening study. His first attempt at reorganising management was at
Bethlehem Steel, which he was forced to leave in 1901 after antagonisms
with other managers. He then wrote a book, Shop Management, which did
well. Taylor believed that contemporary management was amateurish, and
should be studied as a discipline; that workers should co-operate (and hence
would not need Trade Unions); and that the best results would come from the
partnership between a trained and qualified management and a co-operative
and innovative workforce. Each side needed the other. He is known for
coinage of the term scientific management in his article The Principles of
Scientific Management published in 1911. However his approach is more
often referred to, frequently disparagingly, as Taylorism. He died in
Philadelphia.
142
Sequence pattern.
Questions to Consider:
● What happened?
Graphic organizers
Los conectores son palabras y frases que conectan las ideas en una
oración con la idea de otra oración. Lustran el movimiento entre las oraciones
y demuestran las relaciones. Esto disminuye los errores del lector.
Universidad de Oriente
Núcleo de Monagas
Departamento Socio- Humanístico
Sección de Inglés.
Maturín
2.-PREDICTION PRACTICE:
/ Predicción del tema central del texto a 2.1Read the titles, subtitles,
partir del título, subtítulos, diagramas, cognates. Look at the pictures and
cuadros, dibujos./ tables.Predict three items of
Las predicciones o hipótesis que el information that you think the
lector se auto formula sobre lo que author will write about.
ocurrirá en el texto, constituye
actividades que se sitúan a nivel textual
más que a nivel de la frase e involucra
las ideas y conocimientos previos del
lector.
READING STRATEGIES
STRATEGIES ACTIVITY (ES)
PRACTICE:
2.-SUPPORTING DETAILS/ Uso del 2.1 Identify and analyze the
subrayado para identificar las ideas use of supporting details
secundarias. Las ideas secundarias son los
recurso (ejemplos, hechos, ideas,
ilustraciones, casos y anécdotas) utilizadas
por el escritor para explicar, expandir, y
desarrollar la idea principal más general,
aunque estas sean eliminadas, la
información central del texto siempre se
entiende.
order words)
STRATEGIES ACTIVITY (ES)
5. RECOGNITION OF SENTENCE PRACTICE:
STRUCTURE.COMPLEX 4.1Recognize the structure of
SENTENCES AND COMPOUND compound sentences.Use
SENTENCES complete and correct
sentences of various
/Reconocimiento de la estructura de las structures and lengths to
oraciones compuesta y compleja dentro de enhance meaning throughout
los textos. a piece of writing; apply
ORACIONES COMPUESTAS: unconventional sentence
(Subject + verb + complement + Conjunction structures.
+ subject + verb + complement).Son
aquellas que tienen dos clausulas
independientes unidas por:
C. semicolonalone.
ORACIONES COMPLEJAS:
(Subject + verb + complement +
dependentclause + subject + verb +
complement).
Están conformadas por una oración simple
más una clausula dependiente, (encabezada
por una conjunción subordinada o un
pronombre relativo) unida a una clausula
independiente y no se pueden separar
porque perdería sentido la oración. La
cláusula dependiente comienza con una
conjunción subordinada. Examples: that,
because, although, where, which, since.)
150
PRACTICE:
1.-RECOGNITION OF THE AUTHOR’S 1.1 Read eachparagraph and
STYLE AND TEXT ORGANIZATIONAL. identify the predominant
organizational pattern.
Reconocimiento del estilo del autor -Write the names of the
usado para mostrar la organización del pattern in the margin.
texto. Cuando se habla del estilo del autor,
se refiere a la forma que un autor selecciona
para expresarse el mismo o ella misma. Hay
muchos factores implicados en el estilo del
autor, incluyendo el uso de la descripción,
ritmo y selección de una palabra. Cadauno
de estoselementoscontribuye al estilo.
COMPREHENSION MONITORING.
Evaluate your comprehension of this assignment;
Excellent ____ Very Good ____ Satisfactory ____ Poor _____
READING SKILL PRACTICE
BOLÍVAR FUERTE
At 8 January 2010, the value was changed by the government from the
fixed exchange rate of 2.15 bolívares fuertes to 2.60 bolívares for some
152
imports (certain foods and healthcare goods) and 4.30 bolívares for other
imports like cars, petrochemicals, and electronics.[At 4 January 2011, the
fixed exchange rate became 4.30 bolívares for 1.00 USD for both sides of the
economy.It should be noted that the official value of 4.30 is restricted to
individuals by CADIVI, which imposes an annual limit on the amount available
for travel (up to $3000 annually depending on the location and duration of
travel) and $400 for electronic purchases.
Fuente: Wikipedia
Administrative Functions
Planning has both symbolic and functional value. The resulting plan
provides standing information to members/employees of the organization,
and it convinces stake holders to buy into the organization's goals.
153
● Staffing means filling job positions with the right people at the right time.
It involves determining staffing needs, writing job descriptions, recruiting
and screening people to fill the positions.
● Controlling is the function that evaluates quality in all areas and detects
potential or actual deviations from the organization's plan. This
function's purpose is to ensure high-quality performance and
satisfactory results while maintaining an orderly and problem-free
environment. Controlling includes information management,
measurement of performance, and institution of corrective actions.
Universidad de Oriente
Núcleo de Monagas
Departamento Socio- Humanístico
Sección de Inglés.
Maturín
OBJETIVOS ESPECÍFICOS:
Desarrollar competencia para:
1. Identificar las características fundamentales del texto de Causa y
Efecto/Problema –Solución.
2. Localizar los elementos claves del texto de Causa y Efecto/ Problema-
Solución.
3. Reconocer los patrones de organización del texto de Causa – Efecto /
Problema-Solución.
154
155
CONTENIDO
1. Características de los textos de Causa – Efecto / Problema-Solución.
2. Elementos referenciales y de enlace del texto de Causa – Efecto /
Problema-Solución ( as a result, because, itis caused by, consequently,
therefore)
3. Patrones de organización del texto de Causa – Efecto / Problema-
Solución.
4. Conectores como elementos de cohesión.
for a vacation.
to go on a vacation.
I saved my money in order to go on a vacation.
so that I could go on a vacation.
157
Debido a que los efectos siempre tienen causas y siempre las causas
conducen a efectos, rara vez vemos uno sin el otro.
• La causa es la primera cosa que sucede. La causa responde a la
pregunta ¿por qué?
• La parte de la oración después de la palabra porque es la causa.
• (El efecto) es la segunda cosa que pasa.
• El efecto responde a las preguntas: What happened?
158
Example:
The supervisor was going too fast and fell off his bicycle.
• En algunos párrafos, la interrelación cause-and-effect no está
directamente señalada.
• En estos casos, se debe "leer entre líneas."
• Utilizar claves del párrafo para identificar la interrelación causa y efecto.
III. Conclusion
Example: Because they earned extra money, the workers bought new cars.
A.- Coordinate conjunctions used as transitions makers: SO y FAR.
(SO) indica un resultado. Pero es más coloquial y se evita en la escritura
formal.
(FOR) Indica una causa y es muy formal.
Example: Mark and Arthur needed extra money so they started a pet
business.
B.- Transition markers between sentences.
Thus, therefore, consequently, as a result, for this reason.Estas expresiones
indican efecto o resultado. Se utilizan para unir ideas entre dos oraciones
completas. Ellas deben ser precedidas por un punto(.) o por un punto y
coma(;) o seguida por una coma(,).
Example:
High level positions are at times rather stressful; therefore, professionals can
sometimes be extremely impatient.
C.- Subordinators used as transitions showing cause incluye:
BECAUSE AND SINCE. Estas palabras se utilizan para introducir clausulas
dependientes y mostrar causas. Estas clausulas dependientes pueden
aparecer al comienzo o al final de una oración. Cuando aparecen al
comienzo de una oración, las clausulas se deben separar por comas (,), y
cuando aparecen al final de una oración, allí no necesitan puntuación.
Example: Since high-level positions are at times rather stressful,
professionals can sometimes be extremely impatient.
D.- Subordinators used as transitions introducing effects (results) incluye:
SO….THAT, or SUCH…..THAT. Estos dos subordinantes se utilizan para
conectar dos oraciones simples dentro de una oración, de tal forma, que una
parte de la oración es la CAUSA y la otra parte es el EFECTO de esa causa.
163
(1.) Various causes have been proposed for the crisis, with experts placing
different weights upon particular issues.2. Fed Chairman Ben Bernanke
summarized the crisis as follows during a January 2009 speech:
(3)For almost a year and a half the global financial system has been under
extraordinary stress—stresses that has now decisively spilled over to the
global economy more broadly. (4)The proximate cause of the crisis was the
turn of the housing cycle in the United States and the associated rise in
delinquencies on subprime mortgages, which imposed substantial losses on
many financial institutions and shook investor confidence in credit markets.
(5)However, although the subprime debacle triggered the crisis, the
developments in the U.S. mortgage market were only one aspect of a much
larger and more encompassing credit boom whose impact transcended the
mortgage market to affect many other forms of credit. (6)Aspects of this
broader credit boom included widespread declines in underwriting standards,
breakdowns in lending oversight by investors and rating agencies, increased
reliance on complex and opaque credit instruments that proved fragile under
stress, and unusually low compensation for risk-taking. (7)The abrupt end of
the credit boom has had widespread financial and economic ramifications.
(8)Financial institutions have seen their capital depleted by losses and write-
down and their balance sheets clogged by complex credit products and other
illiquid assets of uncertain value.(9) Rising credit risks and intense risk
aversion have pushed credit spreads to unprecedented levels, and markets
for securitized assets, except for mortgage securities with government
guarantees, have shut down. (10)Heightened systemic risks, falling asset
values, and tightening credit have in turn taken a heavy toll on business and
consumer confidence and precipitated a sharp slowing in global economic
165
activity.(11) The damage, in terms of lost output, lost jobs, and lost wealth, is
already substantial.
Fuente: StressWe've Found the Best 4 Sites About
StressStress.Best4Sites.net
By:Christopher Ruane
When a person has bad habits, you can bet that this person will have stress
throughout their lifetime. For example, if a person smokes cigarettes it
increases the vitals functioning capabilities, which gradually affects the heart,
lungs, and other vital organs.
An autopsy will tell if a person smoked or not when the person is internally
evaluated. If the person was, a smoker it will show on the body’s organs and
the person’s lungs will be black. Now we know that a person’s internal organs
are pinkish and when black is current then problems occurred in the person’s
life.
When a person has problems, stress is obviously overwhelming. Likewise, if
a person drinks heavily it affects the central nervous system and reduces a
person’s ability to cope with stress. Heavy drinkers put their self in harm’s
way by destroying the body and potential going to jail in the future.
As you can see, bad habits can cause stress and will cause stress. When a
person is born, they are often healthy and if this person avoids bad habits that
cause harm then the person’s life will be rewarding. If you are free of
chemicals and substances that can cause you harm you will have the ability
to make good decisions that offers you a successful future.
Eating too much is also a bad habit that needs modified. If a person overeats
regularly and avoiding exercise then this person is subject to obesity, heart
failure, strokes, diabetes and so forth. We see this causes problems and
166
problems are one of the elements that cause our stress to increase. One of
the obvious bad habits that create potential dangers is stress itself.
When a person is lacking the ability to manage his or her life and becomes
stress every time an expectation presents itself then this bad habit too can
cause harm to the body. Coping means we have the ability to manage our
lives successfully without creating stressors that cause our stress to increase.
Minimizing stressors can help us to live a more productive lifestyle and
provide us hope when times are hard to deal with. It is never easy to
eliminate a bad habit since it is obviously a ritual, but it is possible to work
toward reducing and finally eliminating the habits that cause us stress.
If you are use to smoking a cigarette after each meal then tell yourself that
today you are going to drink water instead of smoking after a meal. If you
drink coffee and it opens your smoking cravings up, then start drinking orange
juice, milk or some other healthy beverage. If you are a heavy drinker, tell
yourself every day that you are worth saving.
Sit down and review with yourself the many problems you are facing and if
some are less severe than others are. If you are often late paying your bills
then you know that this is a problem, so you will need to learn and practice
paying your bills on time. When you do not pay your bills on time, late
charges occur or shut-off notices following.
As you can see, we all cause many of our own problems, which initiate
stress. Sitting down and evaluating our situation and decisions can help bring
forth rewards by seeing the problems we created and learning how to
eliminate the problems in our lives. For example if you are often late for work
then you know you have a bad habit that can cost you your job.
You may think that losing your job is not a problem, since someone else will
hire you, but loosing your job is not the only problem in the picture. If you
continue to adhere to your behaviors by being late for work, you are going to
get a bad repetition with businesses.
167
Business owners talk amongst other owners. Now you can permanent
displacement is potential, poverty, potential crime, and so forth. We are
adding to the list of problems by ignoring or not accepting that our bad habits
are the leading cause of uncontrolled stress. Our decisions are at the top of
the list that determines if our stress is overwhelming or not. When behaviors
cause stress, it is time to make some changes.
Fuente: Reduce Stress Today Safe, powerful breathing exercises for stress
reduction & managementwww.authentic-breathing.com
168
Universidad de Oriente
Núcleo de Monagas
Departamento Socio- Humanístico
Sección de Inglés.
Maturín
READING STRATEGIES
PART I: PRE- READING STRATEGIES:
STRATEGIES ACTIVITY (ES)
1. BRAINSTORMING/ LLUVİA DE IDEAS PRACTICE:
PARTİENDO DEL TİTULO, SUBTİTULO, 1.1 In small groups write six
DİAGRAMAS. words related to the title.
El Torbellino de Ideas o Brainstorming es
una técnica para generar ideas en forma
grupal con la animación de un facilitador o
coordinador. (A veces se puede utilizar la
técnica en forma individual). La traducción al
idioma castellano del término brainstorming
tiene diferentes versiones: lluvia de ideas,
torbellino de ideas, tormenta cerebral. Fue
creada por Alex Osborn en 1938 para hacer
más efectivas y creativas las reuniones de
trabajo.
PRACTICE:
C. semicolonalone.
ORACIONES COMPLEJAS: PRACTICE:
175
3.-SUMMARIZING/Realización de PRACTICE:
resúmenes:
3-1 Begins with outlining, but instead
Consiste en exponer brevemente lo of merely listing the main ideas, a
leído. Exige seleccionar losummary recomposes them to form a
importante, omitir lo secundario, new text. Whereas outlining depends
integrar y jerarquizar las ideas on a close analysis of each
respetando la estructura del texto. paragraph, summarizing also requires
creative synthesis. Putting ideas
together again -- in your own words
and in a condensed form -- shows
how reading critically can lead to
deeper understanding of any text.
4.-PARAPHRASE/ Parafraseo de la PRACTICE:
idea principal del texto-
4.1 Paraphrase the main idea of the
Parafrasear es el acto o proceso de article.
reafirmar o confirmar un texto,
párrafo o una frase. Para
comprender bien una idea, diciendo
de otra manera la información que se
lee en el libro de texto, reconocer
cuando un autor ha reiterado (o
redactado). Por último, parafrasear,
con sus propias palabras, la
177
Los mapas semánticos son una 5.1 Read the text again and complete
estructuración categórica de la the semantic map below.
información. Los diagramas ayudan a
ver como se relacionan las palabras
entre sí y activan el conocimiento
previo. El uso más frecuente es en
aula ya que se han utilizado con éxito
en diversas actividades de
aprendizaje y repaso.Heimlich y
Pittelman.
PRACTICE:
All of the following are three main reasons why an author writes a story,
EXCEPT to
a. inform.
b. persuade.
c. entertain.
a. entertainment
b. point of view
c. climax
d. characterization
If you read an editorial in the newspaper, the author's purpose is to
a. entertained.
b. persuade.
179
c. inform.
Comments:
Taken From: Training Manual for Instructional Strategies (Secondary)
COMPREHENSION MONITORING.
Evaluate your comprehension of this assignment;
Excellent ____ Very Good ____ Satisfactory ____ Poor _____
180
Comments:
Stress is proven beyond doubt to make people ill, and evidence is increasing
as to number of ailments and diseases caused by stress. Stress is now
182
Here are some of the main reasons that a business might go bankrupt:
● Tax problems
● The business owner may assume that the court will discharge all debt;
in reality, many loans remain secured. In this case, the court can force
the sale of property to pay the creditors.
Universidad de Oriente
Núcleo de Monagas
Departamento Socio- Humanístico
Sección de Inglés.
Maturín
OBJETIVOS ESPECÍFICOS:
187
188
189
CONTENIDO
Textos Argumentativos
opiniones o argumentos.
CLASES DE ARGUMENTOS
OPPOSING
CONNECTIVE: TIME ADDING
Introduce un CONNECTIVE: RESULT
CONNECTIVE:
argumento CONNECTIVE: LISTING
Muestra el orden Añade más CONCLUDING
opuesto. Introduce un ARGUMENTS
de los temas. puntos. CONNECTIVES
resultado o Firstly:
However, First, then, after, also, too, solución. In conclusion
although, later, secondly, Secondly
similarly, in Therefore, In summary
nevertheless, on thirdly, finally, to addition, indeed, Furthermore
the other hand, consequently, Thus
begin with, next, let alone, Moreover
in contrast, as a result, so,
in sum, to furthermore, In fact / Indeed
though, then, because, In addition
conclude, in a moreover,
alternatively, since, as, for.
nutshell. likewise.
anyway, yet, in
fact, even so,
● La finalidad del autor puede ser probar o demostrar una idea o tesis,
Garantías: son las razones que avalan la tesis. Ideas que vinculan la tesis
con las bases para ver la relación entre ellas.
Respaldos: son las ideas que sirven de apoyo a lo dicho en las garantías
(datos, cifras, estudios).
• EPÍLOGO O CONCLUSIÓN: La conclusión constituye la tercera parte
de la estructura de los textos argumentativos. El autor retoma la
hipótesis inicial y demuestra la validez de su planteamiento. Abre
perspectivas para nuevas investigaciones sobre el tema expuesto.
Disponible en:https://www.sparklebox.co.uk/previews/10576-10600/sb10598-
persuasive-writing-word-mat.html
Disponible en:https://www.pinterest.com/pin/241716704986654676/?lp=true
196
Universidad de Oriente
Núcleo de Monagas
Departamento Socio- Humanístico
Sección de Inglés.
Maturín
PRE-READING STRATEGIES
STRATEGIES ACTIVITY (ES)
1. PREDICTION/ Predicción del PRACTICE:
tema central a partir del título, 1.1.Read the titles, subtitles,
subtitulo, imágenes, etc. Es cuando cognates. Look at the pictures and
se realizan suposiciones acerca del tables. Predict the central point of the
texto. Esto ayuda a leer más rápido reading.
ya comprender mejor.
2. QUESTIONING: /Formulación de PRACTICE:
preguntas previas.Conforme se
desarrolle el examen preliminar del 1. What is the text related to?
texto se deben formular muchas
preguntas que consideres que a)Accounting
podrían ser contestadas mediante la
lectura del material. ¿Qué?, b) Administration
¿Cómo?, ¿Por qué? ¿Cuál será el
contenido? ¿Qué factores influyeron? c) Human Resource Management
De esta manera se sabrá con
exactitud lo que se busca para iniciar 2. What does the text concentrate
la lectura formal.
198
on?
a) Recruitment
b) employees
c) other___________
a) scientists b) students
c) employees d) professionals
PRACTICE:
Read the text. Then read the details and prior knowledge listed below to
draw a valid conclusion.
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
DRAWING A SEMANTIC MAP/Elaboración de un mapa semántico a
partir de un texto argumentativo.
PRACTICE:
Draw a semantic map.
COMPREHENSION MONITORING.
“Hay gente que supone que los libros tienen otra finalidad que la de alimentar
la vida espiritual, intelectual, cultural, política de individuos y sociedades.
Asumen que los libros tienen un valor en sí, eterno y universal. Pero, en tanto
bienes culturales, los libros tienen el valor que el lector les de en el momento
de la lectura, antes y después”. Daniel Goldin (1940).
Nowadays, every single small company has the possibility to take part in
global-business operations by means of Internet. The main trick is not even to
start operating in global-business, but to gain the maximum possible benefit
from these international business operations. Globalization efforts are
strongly influenced by technology and this has to be on count, too. One of the
main suggestions for a an entrepreneur interested in launching a global
business effort would be in the first place a deep analysis and understanding
of the algorithm of the market’s functioning. I.T. management is also of a
great importance and widely used by various companies in order to control
spending and take advantage of volume purchases, share best practices
among dispersed locations, and keep tabs on IT assets and regulatory
compliance. Most of the global-business operations of companies are
focused on business-to-business customers rather than ordinary consumers
and that also gives certain opportunities. Though this is a choice that the
head of the company makes from the very beginning. Another way to take
maximum benefits from the global-business operations is using technologies.
Internet web sites are not the only technological way to achieve, many
entrepreneurs forget about currency-conversion software, online customs-
forms processing, language-translation software, and tariff-calculation/global
shipping-cost calculation software and many more.
Todo esto puede ser posible siguiendo una línea de trabajo basada en
una cuidadosa selección de materiales de lectura de calidad en versión
original inglés, en la integración de soportes digitales como otros formatos de
lectura complementarios y en el diseño de propuestas innovadoras
diseñadas para potenciar la imaginación, la lectura y la escritura.
Algunas propuestas destacadas con el fin de cumplir los objetivos
mencionados anteriormente son las siguientes:
Business magazine
Do you want to practise your reading and find out about business
topics and issues? Read magazine articles for intermediate or
upper intermediate level learners. Business Class Podcast | WKHM-
AM wkhm.com
You're Hired
Are you looking for a new job or recruiting a new
employee? Watch our video series for intermediate or
upper intermediate level learners.
https://eslspeaking.org/business-english-activities/
Business English Activities and Games.If you teach business
English, then you’re certainly in the right place! We’re going to give
you the rundown on our top 20 business English activities as well as
recommendations for worksheets, lesson plans and more.
Ver videos (you tube), visitar portales en versión original es una manera
divertida de practicar y aprender inglés. Numerosos estudiantes eligen la
televisión como una opción para que sus hijos se familiaricen con el idioma.
Lo que desconocen la mayoría de ellos es que algunos de los protagonistas
de los programas tienen su propia versión retórica. Muchos, incluso, tienen
origen en el papel. Ir del libro a la pantalla y viceversa es una estrategia
enriquecedora para localizar y presentar recursos en inglés que resultan
familiares para los estudiantes y además amplían su grado de interés hasta
convertirlos en creadores de sus propios contenidos.
213
Do you want to practice your reading and find out about business topics
and issues at the same time?
In this section, read magazine articles for intermediate (CEFR level B1)
or upper intermediate (CEFR level B2) learners and improve your reading
skills in English.
You will learn useful language for a wide range of business topics from
different perspectives, as well as tips and techniques for dealing with
business issues. Each article has interactive exercises to help you
understand and use the language.
Link: https://learnenglish.britishcouncil.org/business-english/business-
magazine
You will learn useful language and techniques for finding and selecting
candidates, applying for a job and performing well in an interview. Each video
has interactive exercises and a transcript to help you understand and use the
language.
Link: https://learnenglish.britishcouncil.org/business-english/youre-hired
215
217
218
WEBGRAFIA
1) ACCOUNTING:
http://www.accountingcrosswords.com/debits-credits.php
http://ltc.umanitoba.ca/wiki/
Making_Vocabulary_Easy_(_Concept_of_Definition_Map)_by_Jyoti_Gupta
http://www.readingquest.org/strat/
http://www.canteach.ca/elementary/inform2.html
http://www.rit.edu/ntid/msse/gowritingpatterns.html
7) EXERCISES: http://www.laflemm.com/RKeys/RKeyscontents.html
:http://www.ccis.edu/departments/writingcenter/studyskills/mainidea.html
http://www2.actden.com/writ_den/tips/paragrap/index.htm
http://academic.cuesta.edu/acasupp/AS/600INDEX.HTM
9)“LA ARGUMENTACIÓN”. .
http://www.indexnet.santillana.es/rcs/_archivos/Recursos/lengualiteratura/
estudiolengua_eso.ppt#262,7,Diapositiva7
13) MAPS:
http://64.9.53.34/tech/integrators/templates.htm
220
15) PREDICTION:
http://www.monash.edu.au/lls/llonline/reading/predicting/index.xml
20) TRANSITIONS:
http://www.authorstream.com/Presentation/valgreenan-145141-chronological-
order-sequencing-education-ppt-powerpoint/
21) USING PREDICTION STRATEGIES - STRATEGIES IN ACTION
http://www.marion.k12.ky.us/Strategies/Social/socialstudies/predictions.htm
Subtitulo
El Título es requerido. El subtítulo o título alternativo es opcional.
Autor (es)
Apellidos y Nombres Código CVLAC / e-mail
CVLAC C.I 9.284.262
Prof. Meza Espinoza Belkis
E. e-mail [email protected]
Se requiere por lo menos los apellidos y nombres de un autor. El formato para escribir los apellidos y nombres es:
“Apellido1 InicialApellido2., Nombre1 InicialNombre2”. Si el autor está registrado en el sistema CVLAC, se anota el
código respectivo (para ciudadanos venezolanos dicho código coincide con el número de la Cedula de Identidad). El
campo e-mail es completamente opcional y depende de la voluntad de los autores.
El representante de la subcomisión de tesis solicitará a los miembros del jurado la lista de las
palabras claves. Deben indicarse por lo menos cuatro (4) palabras clave.
Hoja de Metadatos para Tesis y Trabajos de Ascenso - 2/6
RESUMEN
Hoja de Metadatos para Tesis y Trabajos de Ascenso - 3/6
Contribuidores:
Apellidos y Nombres Código CVLAC / e-mail
ROL CA AS TU JU
CVLAC
e-mail
e-mail
ROL CA AS TU JU
CVLAC
e-mail
e-mail
ROL CA AS TU JU
CVLAC
e-mail
e-mail
Se requiere por lo menos los apellidos y nombres del tutor y los otros dos (2) jurados. El formato para escribir los
apellidos y nombres es: “Apellido1 InicialApellido2., Nombre1 InicialNombre2”. Si el autor está registrado en el
sistema CVLAC, se anota el código respectivo (para ciudadanos venezolanos dicho código coincide con el número
de la Cedula de Identidad). El campo e-mail es completamente opcional y depende de la voluntad de los autores. La
codificación del Rol es: CA = Coautor, AS = Asesor, TU = Tutor, JU = Jurado.
Archivo(s):
Nombre de archivo
PROF_MEZA_BELKIS_DOC2022
Caracteres permitidos en los nombres de los archivos: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q
RSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789_-.
Alcance:
Espacial: __________________ (opcional)
Temporal: __________________ (opcional)
Si como producto de convenciones, otras instituciones además de la Universidad de Oriente, avalan el título o grado
obtenido, el nombre de estas instituciones debe incluirse aquí.
Hoja de metadatos para tesis y trabajos de Ascenso- 5/6
Hoja de Metadatos para Tesis y Trabajos de Ascenso – 6/6