ATICOS-2021-2 T-Ufu
ATICOS-2021-2 T-Ufu
ATICOS-2021-2 T-Ufu
21
Métodos Matemáticos
4a LISTA DE EXERCÍCIOS - TRANFORMADA DE LAPLACE
0
Professor: Ariosvaldo Marques Jatobá
S-2
1. SOLUÇÃO Em cada um dos problemas, use a transformada de Laplace para resolver o
problema de valor inicial dado.
O
(c) SOLUÇÃO y 00 − 2y 0 + 5y = −8e−t , y(0) = 12, y 0 (0) = 12
(d) SOLUÇÃO y 00 + 4y 0 − 5y = −8e−t , y(0) = 12, y 0 (0) = 12
TIC
(e) SOLUÇÃO y 00 − 2y 0 + 2y = 0; y(0) = 0, y 0 (0) = 1
(f) SOLUÇÃO y 00 − 2y 0 + 2y = cos t; y(0) = 1, y 0 (0) = 0
(g) SOLUÇÃO y 00 + 2y 0 + y = 4e−t ; y(0) = 2, y 0 (0) = −1
FU
(h) SOLUÇÃO y 00 + 3ty 0 − 6y = 1 y(0) = 0, y 0 (0) = 0
MÁ
(i) SOLUÇÃO y 0 + y = e−3t cos(2t), y(0) = 0
(j) SOLUÇÃO y 00 + 4y 0 + 6y = 1 − e−t , y(0) = 0, y 0 (0) = 0
(k) SOLUÇÃO ty 00 − ty 0 + y = 2
T-U y(0) = 2, y 0 (0) = −1
(l) SOLUÇÃO ty 00 − 2y 0 + ty = 0 y(0) = 1, y 0 (0) = 0
−1 1 (sen t − t cos t)
E
Dica: L 2 2
(t) = (
(s + 1) 2
(m) SOLUÇÃO y 000 + 2y 00 − y 0 − 2y = sen (3t), y(0) = 0, y 0 (0) = 0, y 00 (0) = 1.
AT
MA
5
(a) SOLUÇÃO s2 F (s) − 4F (s) =
s+1
s2 + 4
(b) SOLUÇÃO s2 F (s) + sF (s) − 6F (s) =
s2 + 2
DO
2
10s + 12s + 14
(c) SOLUÇÃO sF (s) + 2F (s) =
s2 − 2s + 2
2s + 5
(d) SOLUÇÃO sF (s) − F (s) = 2
s + 2s + 1
Teorema 0.1. Teorema de Convolução Se F (s) = L{f (t)} e G(s) = L{g(t)} existem
TO
Rt Rt
MÉ
1
-2
21
A função f ∗ g é conhecida como a convolução de f e g. Assim temos que
Zt Zt
0
−1
L {F (s)G(s)} = (f ∗ g)(t) = f (t − τ )g(τ ) dτ = f (τ )g(t − τ ) dτ
0 0
S-2
3. SOLUÇÃO Encontre a transformada de Laplace da função dada sem resolver a integral.
Rt
(a) f (t) = (t − τ )eτ dτ
0
O
Rt
(b) f (t) = τ et−τ dτ
0
Rt
TIC
(c) f (t) = (t − τ )2 cos 2τ dτ
0
Rt
(d) f (t) = cos τ dτ
0
FU
Rt
(e) f (t) = sen τ · cos(t − τ ) d τ
MÁ
0
(f) f (t) = 1 ∗ t3
(g) f (t) = t2 ∗ e−2t
T-U
(h) f (t) = e−t ∗ et cos t
E
(a) SOLUÇÃO L −1
MA
s(s + 1)
1
(b) SOLUÇÃO L−1
(s + 1)(s − 2)
SM
−1 1
(c) SOLUÇÃO L
(s2 + a2 )2
FA
−1 s
(d) SOLUÇÃO L
(s2 + a2 )2
s2
(e) SOLUÇÃO L −1
(s2 + a2 )2
DO
−1 1
(f) SOLUÇÃO L
s(s2 + 1)
−1 1
(g) SOLUÇÃO L
(s + 1)2
TO
s
(h) SOLUÇÃO L−1
(s2 + 4)2
−1 1
(i) SOLUÇÃO L
s4 (s2 + 1)2
s
MÉ
2
-2
21
5. SOLUÇÃO Expresse a solução do problema de valor inicial dado em função de uma
convolução.
0
(a) y 00 + 2y 0 + 2y = sen αt; y(0 ) = 0 , y 0 (0 ) = 0
(b) y 00 + 3y 0 + 2y = cos αt; y(0) = 1, y 0 (0) = 0
OS-2
TIC
FU
MÁ
T-U
E
AT
MA
SM
FA
DO
TO
MÉ
3
-2
21
GABARITO
SOLUÇÃO DA QUESTÃO 1.
0
Solução da questão 1a.
S-2
Retornar na questão 1
4 1
(1a) : y 00 − y 0 − 6y = 0, y (0) = 1, y 0 (0) = −1 : y(t) = e−2t + e3t .
5 5
O
Aplicando a Transformada de Laplace na equação:
TIC
L y 00 − y 0 − 6y = L {0}
s2 L {y} − sy (0) − y 0 (0) − (sL {y} − y (0)) − 6L {y} = 0 Condição inicial y (0) = 1, y 0 (0) = −1
s2 L {y} − s · 1 − (−1) − (sL {y} − 1) − 6L {y} = 0
s2 L {y} − sL {y} − s + 2 − 6L {y} = 0
FU
s−2
L {y} =
MÁ
s2 −s−6
T-U
Aplicando a Transformada inversa:
s−2
E
−1
y(t) = L 2
.
s −s−6
AT
s−2 s−2 A B 4 1
= = + = + .
s2 −s−6 (s + 2)(s − 3) (s + 2) (s − 3) 5 (s + 2) 5 (s − 3)
SM
n o
Portanto y(t) = L −1 s−2
s2 −s−6
= 45 e−2t + 15 e3t .
FA
5sen (5t)
(1b) y 0 − y = 2 cos (5t) , y (0) = 0 : 1
y(t) = − 13 cos (5t) + 13 + 1 t
13 e .
Aplicando a Transformada de Laplace na equação:
L y0 − y
= L {2 cos (5t)}
TO
2s
sL {y} − y (0) − L {y} = 2 Condição inicial y (0) = 0
s + 25
2s
L {y} = 2
(s + 25) (s − 1)
MÉ
4
-2
21
Aplicando a Transformada inversa:
−1 2s
y(t) = L .
0
2
(s + 25) (s − 1)
S-2
Aplicando fração parcial:
2s As + 5B C 1 −s + 5 · 5 1 1
= + = +
(s − 1) (s2 + 52 ) s2 + 52 s−1 13 (s2 + 52 ) 13 (s − 1)
Portanto
O
−1 2s 1 −s + 5 · 5
−1 1 1
y(t) = L 2
= L +
(s + 25) (s − 1) 13 (s2 + 52 ) 13 (s − 1)
TIC
1 −1 s 5 −1 5 1 −1 1
= − L + L + L
13 s2 + 5 2 13 s2 + 52 13 (s − 1)
1 5sen (5t) 1 t
= − cos (5t) + + e.
13 13 13
FU
Solução da questão 1c.
MÁ
Retornar na questão 1
(1c) y 00 − 2y 0 + 5y = −8e−t , y (0) = 12, y 0 (0) = 12 : y(t) = −e−t +13et cos (2t)−et sen (2t) .
T-U
Aplicando a Transformada de Laplace na equação:
E
L y 00 − 2y 0 + 5y = L −8e−t
AT
8
s2 L {y} − sy (0) − y 0 (0) − 2 (sL {y} − y (0)) + 5L {y} = − C. inicial y (0) = 12, y 0 (0) = 12
MA
s+1
8
s2 L {y} − s · 12 − 12 − 2 (sL {y} − 12) + 5L {y} = −
s+1
SM
12s2 − 20
L {y} =
(s + 1) (s2 − 2s + 5)
FA
12s2 − 20 12s2 − 20
=
(s + 1) (s2 − 2s + 5) (s + 1) [(s − 1)2 + 22 ]
TO
A B(s − 1) + 2C
= +
s+1 (s − 1)2 s + 22
1 13(s − 1) − 2
= − +
s+1 (s − 1)2 + 22
MÉ
Portanto
5
-2
21
12s2 − 20
−1 −1 1 13(s − 1) − 2
y(t) = L =L − +
0
(s + 1) (s2 − 2s + 5) s+1 (s − 1)2 + 22
−1 1 −1 s−1 −1 2
= −L + 13L −L
S-2
s+1 (s − 1)2 + 22 (s − 1)2 + 22
−t t t
= −e + 13e cos (2t) − e sen (2t)
O
(1d) y 00 + 4y 0 − 5y = −8e−t , y(0) = 12, y 0 (0) = 12 : y(t) = e−t + 34 t
3 e − 31 e−5t .
TIC
Aplicando a Transformada de Laplace na equação:
L y 00 + 4y 0 − 5y = L −8e−t
FU
8
s2 L {y} − sy (0) − y 0 (0) + 4 (sL {y} − y (0)) − 5L {y} = − C. inicial y (0) = 12, y 0 (0) = 12
s+1
MÁ
8
s2 L {y} + 4sL {y} − 12s − 5L {y} − 60 = −
s+1
T-U 12s2 + 72s + 52
L {y} =
(s + 1) (s2 + 4s − 5)
E
12s2 + 72s + 52
−1
AT
y(t) = L .
MA
(s + 1) (s2 + 4s − 5)
12s2 + 72s + 52 A B C
= + +
FA
(s + 1) (s2 + 4s − 5) s + 1 (s − 1) (s + 5)
1 34 1 1 1
= + −
s+1 3 (s − 1) 3 (s + 5)
Portanto
DO
12s2 + 72s + 52
−1 −1 1 34 1 1 1
y(t) = L =L + −
(s + 1) (s2 + 4s − 5) s+1 3 (s − 1) 3 (s + 5)
34 1
= e−t + et − e−5t .
TO
3 3
6
-2
21
(1e) y 00 − 2y 0 + 2y = 0; y(0) = 0, y 0 (0) = 1 : y(t) = et sen (t) .
Aplicando a Transformada de Laplace na equação:
0
L y 00 − 2y 0 + 2y
= L {0}
S-2
s2 L {y} − sy (0) − y 0 (0) − 2 (sL {y} − y (0)) + 2L {y} = 0 Condição inicial y (0) = 0, y 0 (0) = 1
s2 L {y} + 2L {y} − 2sL {y} − 1 = 0
1
L {y} +
s2 − 2s + 2
O
Portanto
TIC
1 1
y(t) = L −1 = L −1 = et sen (t).
s2 − 2s + 2 (s − 1)2 + 1
Solução da questão 1f .
FU
Retornar na questão 1
MÁ
(1f ) y 00 − 2y 0 + 2y = cos t; y(0) = 1, y 0 (0) = 0 : y(t) = 1
5 cos (t)− 25 sen (t)+ 45 e t cos (t)−
2 t
5 e sen (t) .
T-U
Aplicando a Transformada de Laplace na equação:
E
L y 00 − 2y 0 + 2y
= L {cos (t)}
s
s2 L {y} − sy (0) − y 0 (0) − 2 (sL {y} − y (0)) + 2L {y} = 2 Condição inicial y (0) = 1, y 0 (0) = 0
AT
MA
s +1
s
s2 L {y} − s − 2 (sL {y} − 1) + 2L {y} = 2
s +1
s3 − 2s2 + 2s − 2
L {y} =
SM
(s2 + 1) (s2 − 2s + 2)
FA
s3 − 2s2 + 2s − 2
−1
y(t) = L .
(s2 + 1) (s2 − 2s + 2)
DO
s3 − 2s2 + 2s − 2 As + B C(s − 1) + D
= +
(s2 + 1) (s2 − 2s + 2) 5 (s2 + 1) [(s − 1)2 + 1]
TO
1 s−2 4 s−1−2
= +
5 (s2 + 1) 5 (s2 − 2s + 2)
MÉ
7
-2
21
Portanto
s3 − 2s2 + 2s − 2
−1
y(t) = L
0
(s2 + 1) (s2 − 2s + 2)
−1 1 s−2 4 s−1−2
= L +
S-2
5 (s2 + 1) 5 (s2 − 2s + 2)
1 −1 s 2 −1 1
= L − L
5 (s2 + 1) 5 (s2 + 1)
4 −1 s−1 2 −1 1
+ L − L
5 (s − 1)2 + 1 5 (s − 1)2 + 1
O
1 2 4 2
= cos (t) − sen (t) + e t cos (t) − e t sen (t) .
5 5 5 5
TIC
Solução da questão 1g.
Retornar na questão 1
FU
Aplicando a Transformada de Laplace na equação:
MÁ
L y 00 + 2y 0 + y = L 4e−t
T-U
s2 L {y} − sy (0) − y 0 (0) + 2 (sL {y} − y (0)) + L {y} =
4
s+1
C. inicial y (0) = 2, y 0 (0) = −1
4
E
L {y} =
MA
(s + 1) (s2 + 2s + 1)
2s2 + 5s + 7
−1
y(t) = L .
(s + 1) (s2 + 2s + 1)
FA
2s2 + 5s + 7 2s2 + 5s + 7
DO
=
(s + 1) (s2 + 2s + 1) (s + 1)3
A B C
= + 2 +
s + 1 (s + 1) (s + 1)3
2 1 4
= + +
TO
s + 1 (s + 1)2 (s + 1)3
Portanto
2s2 + 5s + 7
2 1 4
y(t) = L −1 = L −1 + + = 2e−t +e−t t+e−t ·2t2 .
(s + 1) (s2 + 2s + 1) s + 1 (s + 1)2 (s + 1)3
MÉ
8
-2
21
Solução da questão 1h.
Retornar na questão 1
0
t2
(1h) y 00 + 3ty 0 − 6y = 1 y(0) = 0, y 0 (0) = 0 : y(t) = 2.
S-2
Aplicando a Transformada de Laplace na equação:
O
s2 L {y} − 3 s (L {y}) + L {y} − 6L {y} = Usando L {y} = Y (s), Y (s) = Y 0 (s)
ds s ds
1
s2 Y (s) − 3 sY 0 (s) + Y (s) − 6Y (s) =
TIC
s
1
−3sY 0 (s) + (s2 − 9)Y (s) =
s
FU
Temos então uma EDO de primeira ordem na variável Y(s):
MÁ
1
−3sY 0 (s) + (s2 − 9)Y (s) =
s2
T-U
ou seja uma equação linear
E
0 s 3 1
Y (s) + − + Y (s) = − 2 y 0 (x) + p (x) y = q (x)
3 s 3s
AT
MA
Fator integrante:
s2 s2
− 3s + 3s ds
R R
µ(s) = e p(s)ds
=e = e 6 +3 ln s = s3 e− 6
SM
s2
3 − s6
2
0 3 − s6
2 1 −se− 6
(s e Y (s)) = −s e · 2 =
3s 3
DO
s2
se− 6
2
Z
s2
− s6
e s3 Y (s) = − ds = e− 6 + k
3
Portanto
TO
1 k
Y (s) = 3
+ s2
.
s e− 6 s3
Logo ( ) ( )
1 k t2 1 t2
y(t) = L −1 + kL −1
MÉ
3
+ s2
= s2
= + kg(t)
s e− 6 s3 2 e− 6 s3 2
9
-2
21
1
Não existe g(t), pois lim 2 = ∞. Portanto k = 0.
n−→∞ e− s6 s3
t2
Assim y(t) = 2.
0
Solução da questão 1i.
S-2
Retornar na questão 1
(1i) y 0 + y = e−3t cos (2t) , y (0) = 0 : y(t) = − 14 e−3t cos (2t) + 14 e−3t sen (2t) + 14 e −t .
Aplicando a Transformada de Laplace na equação:
O
s+3
sL {y} − y (0) + L {y} = Condição inicial y (0) = 0
(s + 3)2 + 22
TIC
s+3
sL {y} + L {y} =
(s + 3)2 + 22
s+3
L {y} = h i
2
(s + 3) + 22 (s + 1)
FU
MÁ
Aplicando a Transformada inversa:
s+3
T-U y(t) = L −1 h i .
(s + 3)2 + 22 (s + 1)
E
h i = h i+
MA
(s + 3)2 + 22 (s + 1) (s + 3)2 + 22 (s + 1)
1 −1(s + 3) + 2 1 1
= h i +
4 (s + 3)2 + 22 4 (s + 1)
SM
1 (s + 3) 1 2 1 1
FA
= − h i + h i +
4 2
(s + 3) + 2 2 4 2
(s + 3) + 2 2 4 (s + 1)
Portanto
DO
1 (s + 3) 1 2 1 1
y(t) = L −1 − h i + h i +
4 (s + 3)2 + 22 4 (s + 3)2 + 22 4 (s + 1)
1 −1
(s + 3) 1 −1
2 1 1
= − L h i + L h i + L
TO
4 (s + 3)2 + 22 4 (s + 3)2 + 22 4 (s + 1)
1 1 1
= − e−3t cos (2t) + e−3t sen (2t) + e −t
4 4 4
Retornar na questão 1
10
-2
21
√
(1j) y 00 + 4y 0 + 6y = 1 − e−t , y (0) = 0, y 0 (0) = 0 : y(t) = 61 − 31 e−t + 16 e−2t cos 2t .
Aplicando a Transformada de Laplace na equação:
0
L y 00 + 4y 0 + 6y = L 1 − e−t
S-2
s2 L {y} − sy (0) − y 0 (0) + 4 (sL {y} − y (0)) + 6L {y} = , y (0) = 0 = y 0 (0)
s (s + 1)
1
s2 L {y} + 4sL {y} + 6L {y} =
s (s + 1)
1
L {y} =
s (s + 1) (s2 + 4s + 6)
O
Aplicando a Transformada inversa:
TIC
1
y(t) = L −1 .
s (s + 1) (s2 + 4s + 6)
FU
√
1 A C D(s + 2) + F 2
MÁ
= + + √
s (s + 1) (s2 + 4s + 6) s (s + 1) (s + 2)2 + ( 2)2
1 1 1 (s + 2)
= − + · √
T-U 6s 3 (s + 1) 6 (s + 2)2 + ( 2)2
Portanto
E
−1 1
y(t) = L
AT
s (s + 1) (s2 + 4s + 6)
MA
( )
1
−1 1 1 (s + 2)
= L − + · √
6s 3 (s + 1) 6 (s + 2)2 + ( 2)2
( )
SM
1 −1 1 1 −1 1 1 −1 (s + 2)
= L − L + L √
6 s 3 (s + 1) 6 (s + 2)2 + ( 2)2
FA
1 1 −t 1 −2t √
= − e + e cos 2t .
6 3 6
Retornar na questão 1
11
-2
21
Aplicando a Transformada de Laplace na equação:
L {ty 00 − ty 0 + y} = L {2}
0
00 0 2 0 d
L {ty } − L {ty } + L {y} = Usando L {ty } = − s (L {y}) + L {y}
s ds
S-2
00 d 1 00 2 d
L {ty } + s (L {y}) + L {y} + L {y} = UsandoL {ty } = − s (L {y}) + 2sL {y} − y (0)
ds s ds
2 d d 2
− s (L {y}) + 2sL {y} − y (0) + s (L {y}) + L {y} + L {y} = Usando y(0) = 2
ds ds s
d d 2 d
O
− s2 (L {y}) + 2sL {y} − 2 + s (L {y}) + L {y} + L {y} = L {y} = Y (s), Y (s) = Y 0 (s)
ds ds s ds
2
−s2 Y 0 (s) − 2sY (s) + 2 + sY 0 (s) + Y (s) + Y (s) =
TIC
s
2 2 − 2s
(−s2 + s)Y 0 (s) + 2(−s + 1)Y (s) = − 2 =
s s
FU
−s + 1
MÁ
s(−s + 1)Y 0 (s) + 2(−s + 1)Y (s) = 2
s
s s
Fator integrante:
AT
MA
2 2
R R
p(s)ds ds
µ(s) = e =e s = e2 ln s = eln s = s2
(s2 Y (s))0 = 2
s2 Y (s) = 2s + k
Portanto
2 k
Y (s) = + 2.
s s
TO
Logo
−1 2 k
y(t) = L + = 2 + kt
s s2
Portanto y(t) = 2 − t.
12
-2
21
Solução da questão 1l.
Retornar na questão 1
0
(1l) ; ty 00 − 2y 0 + ty = 0 y(0) = 1, y 0 (0) = 0 : y(t) = cos t+tsen t+k (sen t−t cos t) ; k arbitrário.
S-2
Solução da questão 1m.
Retornar na questão 1
O
39
Aplicando a Transformada de Laplace na equação e utilizando as condições iniciais, ob-
temos
TIC
3
s3 L {y} + 2s2 L {y} − sL {y} − 2L {y} − 1 = 2
s +9
Isolando L {y} = Y (s), temos
s2 + 12
FU
Y (s) = .
(s2 + 9) (s − 1) (s + 1) (s + 2)
MÁ
n o
s2 +12
Portanto y(t) = L −1 (s2 +9)(s−1)(s+1)(s+2)
.
T-U
Utilizando fração parcial
E
s2 + 12 3s − 2 · 3 13 13 16
= + − + .
(s2 + 9) (s − 1) (s + 1) (s + 2) 2
130 (s + 9) 60 (s − 1) 20 (s + 1) 39 (s + 2)
AT
MA
t
y(t) = 12 e−t + 18
5 t
e − 89 e− 2 + 19 e−2t .
Aplicando a Transformada de Laplace na equação, obtemos
1
2 s3 L {y} − 1 + 3s2 L {y} − 3sL {y} − 2L {y} =
s+1
TO
13
-2
21
Portanto y(t) = L −1 2s+3
2(s+1)((s−1)(s+ 12 )(s+2))
.
0
S-2
2s + 3 A B C D
= + + +
2 (s + 1) (s − 1)(s + 21 )(s + 2) 1
s + 1 (s − 1) (s + 2 ) (s + 2)
1 5 8 1
= + − 1
+
2 (s + 1) 18 (s − 1) 9 s + 2 9 (s + 2)
O
Aplicando tabela, temos
1 5 8 t 1
TIC
y(t) = e−t + et − e− 2 + e−2t .
2 18 9 9
FU
(1m) ; y 00 − 4y 0 − 5y = tet , y (0) = 1, y 0 (0) = 0 :
MÁ
t
1 t
y(t) = 32 e − e8t + 19 −t + 17 e5t .
24 e 96
Aplicando a Transformada de Laplace na equação, obtemos
T-U
s2 L {y} − sy (0) − y 0 (0) − 4 (sL {y} − y (0)) − 5L {y} =
1
(s − 1)2
E
1
s2 L {y} − s − 4 (sL {y} − 1) − 5L {y} =
(s − 1)2
1
(s2 − 4s − 5)Y (s) = +s+4
(s − 1)2
1 s+4
Y (s) = 2
+
(s − 1) (s + 1)(s − 5) (s + 1)(s − 5)
DO
s3 − 6s2 + 9s − 3
Y (s) =
(s − 1)2 (s + 1)(s − 5)
s3 − 6s2 + 9s − 3 A B C D
= + 2 + +
(s − 1)2 (s + 1)(s − 5) (s − 1) (s − 1) (s + 1) (s − 5)
1 1 19 17
= − 2 + + .
32 (s − 1) 8 (s − 1) 24 (s + 1) 96 (s − 5)
MÉ
14
-2
21
Portanto
−1 1 −1 1 −1 19 −1 17
y(t) = L −L +L +L
0
32 (s − 1) 8 (s − 1)2 24 (s + 1) 96 (s − 5)
1 t et t 19 −t 17 5t
= e − + e + e .
S-2
32 8 24 96
O
(1j) y 00 − 5y 0 + 6y = −6te2t , y (0) = a, y 0 (0) = b : y(t) = .
Aplicando a Transformada de Laplace na equação:
TIC
L y 00 − 5y 0 + 6y = L −6te2t
6
s2 L {y} − sy (0) − y 0 (0) − 5 (sL {y} − y (0)) + 6L {y} = − Usando y(0) = a, y 0 (0) = b
(s − 2)2
6
s2 L {y} − as − b − 5sL {y} + 5a + 6L {y} = −
FU
Usando L {y} = Y (s)
(s − 2)2
MÁ
6 as + b − 5a
Y (s) = − 2 2 + 2
(s − 2) (s − 5s + 6) s − 5s + 6
6 as + b − 5a
T-U = − 2 +
(s − 2) (s − 2)(s − 3) (s − 2)(s − 3)
E
−1
y(t) = L − +
MA
(s − 2)3 (s − 3) (s − 2)(s − 3)
−1 6 −1 as + b − 5a
= L − +L
(s − 2)3 (s − 3) (s − 2)(s − 3)
SM
6 6 6 6 6
− 3 = + 2 + 3 −
(s − 2) (s − 3) s − 2 (s − 2) (s − 2) s−3
Portanto
DO
−1 6 6 −1 6 6 6
L − = L + + −
(s − 2)3 (s − 3) s − 2 (s − 2) 2
(s − 2)3 s−3
2t 2t 2t 2 3t
= 6e + e · 6t + e · 3t − 6e
n o
TO
Para L −1 as+b−5a
(s−2)(s−3) , escrevemos a fração parcial
as + b − 5a A B A(s − 3) + B(s − 2)
= + =
(s − 2)(s − 3) s−2 s+3 (s − 2)(s − 3)
MÉ
15
-2
21
s = 2, A = 3a − b
0
s = 3, B = −2a + b
.
S-2
Assim
−1 as + b − 5a −1 1 −1 1
L = (3a − b)L + (b − 2a)L
(s − 2)(s − 3) s−2 s−3
O
= (3a − b)e2t + (b − 2a)e3t
TIC
Concluı́mos que
FU
MÁ
SOLUÇÃO DA QUESTÃO 7
Solução da questão 7a.
T-U Retornar na questão 2
Encontrar f (t).
E
5
(7a) s2 F (s) − 4F (s) = .
s+1
AT
MA
Isolando F (s), obtemos
5
s2 F (s) − 4F (s) =
SM
s+1
5
F (s) =
FA
(s + 1)(s2 − 4)
5
F (s) =
(s + 1)(s − 2)(s + 2)
5 5 5 5
=− + +
(s + 1)(s − 2)(s + 2) 3 (s + 1) 12 (s − 2) 4 (s + 2)
Portanto
TO
−1 −1 5 5 5 5 5 5
f (t) = L {F (s)} = L − + + = − e−t + e2t + e−2t .
3 (s + 1) 12 (s − 2) 4 (s + 2) 3 12 4
16
-2
21
s2 + 4
(7b) s2 F (s) + sF (s) − 6F (s) = Isolando F (s), obtemos
s2 + 2
0
s2 + 4
s2 F (s) + sF (s) − 6F (s) =
s2 + 2
S-2
s2 + 4
F (s) =
(s2 + 2)(s2 + s − 6)
s2 + 4
F (s) = √
(s2 + ( 2)2 )(s + 3)(s − 2)
O
Utilizando fração parcial
√
s2 + 4 As + B 2 C D
TIC
√ = √ + +
(s2 + ( 2)2 )(s + 3)(s − 2) 2
s + ( 2) 2 (s + 3) (s − 2)
√
1 −s − 8 2 13 1 4 1
= √ √ − +
2
2 · 33 s + ( 2)2 55 (s + 3) 15 (s − 2)
FU
Portanto
MÁ
( √ )
−1 1
−1 −s − 8 2 13 1 4 1
f (t) = L {F (s)} = L √ √ − +
2 · 33 s2 + ( 2)2 55 (s + 3) 15 (s − 2)
T-U ( √ )
1 −1 s 8 −1 2 13 −1 1 4 −1 1
= − L √ −√ L √ − L + L
33 s2 + ( 2)2 2 · 33 s2 + ( 2)2 55 s+3 15 s−2
E
1 √ 8 √ 13 −3t 4 2t
= − cos 2t − √ sen 2t − e + e .
33 2 · 33 55 15
AT
MA
10s2 + 12s + 14
(7c) sF (s) + 2F (s) =
s2 − 2s + 2
FA
10s2 + 12s + 14
sF (s) + 2F (s) =
DO
s2 − 2s + 2
10s2 + 12s + 14
F (s) =
(s + 2)(s2 − 2s + 2)
10s2 + 12s + 14
F (s) =
(s + 2)[(s − 1)2 + 12 ]
TO
= +
s+2 (s − 1)2 + 12
17
-2
21
Portanto
−1 3 −17(s − 1) + 11
f (t) = L {F (s)} = L +
s+2 (s − 1)2 + 12
0
3 s−1 1
= L −1 + 7L −1 + 11L −1
(s − 1)2 + 1 (s − 1)2 + 1
S-2
s+2
= 3e−2t + 7et cos (t) + 11et sen (t) .
O
2s + 5
(7c) sF (s) − F (s) =
s2 + 2s + 1
Isolando F (s), obtemos
TIC
2s + 5 2s + 5
F (s) = 2
= .
(s − 1)(s + 2s + 1) (s − 1)(s + 1)2
FU
2s + 5
F (s) =
MÁ
(s − 1)(s + 1)2
A B C
= + +
(s − 1) (s + 1) (s + 1)2
T-U =
7
−
7
−
3
4 (s − 1) 4 (s + 1) 2 (s + 1)2
E
Portanto
AT
−1 7 −1 7 3
f (t) = L {F (s)} = L − −
MA
4 (s − 1) 4 (s + 1) 2 (s + 1)2
7 −1 1 7 −1 1 3 −1 1
= L − L − L
4 (s − 1) 4 (s + 1) 2 (s + 1)2
SM
7 t 7 −t 3e−t t
= e − e − .
4 4 2
FA
SOLUÇÃO DA QUESTÃO 8
Solução da questão 8a.
Retornar na questão ??
DO
1 0≤t<1
(8a) f (t) = f (t + 2) = f (t)
0 1≤t<2
Temos T = 2 e
Z 2 Z 1 Z 2
−st −su
e f (t) dt = e du + e−su 0du
TO
0 0 1
1 −su 1
1 1
= − e = − e−s + .
s 0 s s
Logo,
1 1 −s 1
MÉ
L (f (t)) = − e + .
1 − e−2s s s
18
-2
21
Solução da questão 8b.
Retornar na questão ??
0
1 0≤t<1
(8b) f (t) = f (t + 2) = f (t)
−1 1≤t<2
S-2
Temos T = 2 e
Z 2 Z 1 Z 2
−st −su
e f (t) dt = e du − e−su 1du
0 0 1
1 −su 1 1 −su 2 e−2s − 2e−s + 1
= − e + e = .
O
s 0 s 1 s
Logo,
TIC
−2s
− 2e−s + 1
1 e
L (f (t)) = .
1 − e−2s s
FU
MÁ
(8c) f (t) = t, 0 ≤ t < 1 e f (t + 1) = f (t)
Temos T = 1 e
T-U Z
0
1
e−st f (t) dt =
Z
0
1
te−st dt
E
−se−s − e−s + 1
=
s2
AT
MA
Logo,
−se−s − e−s + 1
1
L (f (t)) = .
1 − e−s s2
SM
Z π Z π
−st
e f (t) dt = sen (t)e −st dt
0 0
e−πs + 1
= 2
s +1
Logo,
TO
−πs
1 e +1
L (f (t)) = .
1 − e−πs s2 + 1
SOLUÇÃO DA QUESTÃO 9
MÉ
Retornar na questão 3
19
-2
21
Rt
(9a) f (t) = (t − τ )eτ dτ
0
0
t
Z 1 1
L {f (t)} = L (t − τ )eτ dτ = L {t ∗ et } = L {t} · L {et } = 2
·
s s−1
S-2
0
Rt
(9b) f (t) = τ et−τ dτ
0
t
Z 1 1
O
L {f (t)} = L τ et−τ dτ = L {t ∗ et } = 2
·
s s−1
0
Rt
TIC
(9c) f (t) = (t − τ )2 cos 2τ dτ
0
t
Z 2 s
L {f (t)} = L (t − τ )2 cos 2τ dτ = L {t2 ∗cos(2t)} = L {t2 }·L {cos(2t)} = · 2
FU
s s + 22
3
0
MÁ
Rt
f (9d) f (t) = cos τ dτ
T-U 0
t
Z 1 s 1
E
Rt
(9e) f (t) = sen τ · cos(t − τ ) d τ
0
SM
t
Z 1 s s
L {f (t)} = L sen τ · cos(t − τ ) d τ = L {sen t ∗ cos t} = · = 2 .
s2 + 1 s2 + 1 (s + 1)2
FA
0
(9f ) f (t) = 1 ∗ t3
DO
1 3! 3!
L {f (t)} = L 1 ∗ t3 = L {1} · L t3 = · 4 = 5 .
s s s
(9g) f (t) = t2 ∗ e−2t
2 1 2
L {f (t)} = L t2 ∗ e−2t = L t2 · L e−2t = 3 ·
= 3 .
TO
s s+2 s (s + 2)
1 s−1 1
MÉ
20
-2
21
SOLUÇÃO DA QUESTÃO 10
Solução da questão 10a.
Retornar na questão 4
0
1
(10a) L−1
S-2
s(s + 1)
Zt
−1 1 −t
L = 1∗e = e−u du = −e−t + 1.
s(s + 1)
0
O
Solução da questão 10b.
Retornar na questão 4
TIC
1
(10b) L−1
(s + 1)(s − 2)
Zt Zt t
e3τ e2t − e−t
3t
−1 1 −t −(t−τ ) 2τ −t −t e 1
L = e ∗e 2t
= e e dτ = e e3τ dτ = e−t = e − =
FU
(s + 1)(s − 2) 3 0 3 3 3
0 0
MÁ
Solução da questão 10c.
T-U Retornar na questão 4
1
(10c) L−1
(s + a2 )2
2
E
1 1 −1 a a
AT
−1
L = L ·
MA
(s + a2 )2
2 a2 s2 + a2 s2 + a2
1
= sen (at) ∗ sen (at)
a2
Z t
1
SM
1
sen (aτ ) sen (a (t − τ )) = [cos (a (2 τ − t)) − cos (at)] .
2
Z t
1 t
Z
sen (aτ ) sen (a (t − τ )) d τ = [cos (a (2 τ − t)) − cos (at)] d τ
0 2 0
t
1 1 1
TO
21
-2
21
Solução da questão 10d.
Retornar na questão 4
0
s
(10d) L−1
(s + a2 )2
2
S-2
−1 s 1 −1 a s
L = L ·
(s + a2 )2
2 a s2 + a2 s2 + a2
1
= sen (at) ∗ cos(at)
a2
O
Z t
1
= sen (aτ ) cos (a (t − τ )) d τ.
a 0
TIC
Agora, usando as regras de transformação de produto em soma
1
sen (A) cos (B ) = {sen (A − B ) + sen (A + B )}
2
FU
obtemos
MÁ
1
sen (aτ ) cos (a (t − τ )) = [sen (a (2 τ − t)) + sen (at)] .
2
Logo
Z t
T-U
1 t
Z
E
1 1 1 1
= − cos (a (2τ − t)) + τ sen (at) = − cos (at) + tsen (at) +
MA
cos (at)
4a 2 0 4a 2 4a
1
= tsen (at)
2
SM
donde
!
FA
−1 s 11 tsen (at)
L 2 = tsen (at) = .
(s2 + a2 ) a2 2a
DO
s2
(10e) L−1
(s2 + a2 )2
TO
s2
−1 −1s s
L = L ·
(s2 + a2 )2 s2 + a2 s2 + a2
= cos(at) ∗ cos(at)
Z t
MÉ
22
-2
21
Agora, usando as regras de transformação de produto em soma
1
cos (A) cos (B) = {cos (A − B) + cos (A + B)}
0
2
obtemos
S-2
1
cos (aτ ) cos (a (t − τ )) = [cos (a (2τ − t)) + cos (at)] .
2
Logo
t
1 t
Z Z
−1 1
L = cos (aτ ) cos (a (t − τ )) dτ = [cos (a (2τ − t)) + cos (at)] dτ
(s2 + a2 )2 2 0
O
0
t
1 1 1 1 1
= sen (a (2 τ − t)) + τ cos (at) = sen (at) + t cos (at) + sen (at)
4a 2 4a 2 4a
TIC
0
1
= [sen (at) + at cos(at)] .
2a
FU
Retornar na questão 4
MÁ
1
(10f ) L−1 2
s(s + 1)
T-U L −1
1
= 1 ∗ sen (t) =
Z t
sen (τ ) d τ
s(s2 + 1)
E
0
= −cost|t0 = 1 − cos t
AT
MA
1
(10g) L−1
(s + 1)2
FA
Z t
−1 1 −t −t
L = e ∗e = e−τ e−(t−τ ) dτ
(s + 1)2 0
Z t
= e−t 1 dτ = te−t .
DO
s tsen (2t)
Caso particular da SOLUÇÃO (10d), para a = 2. (10h) L−1 = 4
(s + 4)2
2
23
-2
21
1
(10i) L−1 Nesta questão vamos utilizar a convolução por etapas:
s (s + 1)2
4 2
0
S-2
−1 1 1
L = (sen (t) − t cos (t)) .
(s + 1)2
2 2
O
1 t
Z
−1 1 1 1
L = 1 ∗ (sen (t) − t cos (t)) = sen (τ ) − τ cos (τ ) d τ
s (s2 + 1)2 2 2 0
TIC
1 t 1 t
Z Z
= sen (τ ) d τ − τ cos (τ ) d τ
2 0 2 0
1 1
= [1 − cos t] − [τ sen (τ ) + cos (τ )]t0
2 2
FU
1 cos t 1 cos t 1
= − − tsen (t) − +
2 2 2 2 2
MÁ
1
= 1 − cost − tsen (t)
2
E assim para
T-U
E
Z t
1 1 1 1
L−1 = 1 ∗ 1 − cost − tsen (t) = 1 − cosτ − τ sen (τ ) d τ
s s(s2 + 1)2 2 2
AT
0
MA
Z t
1
= t − sen t − τ sen (τ ) d τ
2 0
1
= t − sen t − [−t cos t + sen t]
2
SM
3 1
= t − sen t + t cos t
2 2
FA
Depois
t2
DO
−1 1 1 3 1 tsen t
L = 1 ∗ t − sen t + t cos t = −2 + + 2 cos t +
s s (s + 1)2
2 2 2 2 2 2
E finalmente
TO
−1 1 1 −1 1
L = L
s (s + 1)2
4 2 s s3 (s2 + 1)2
t2 t3 − 3t cos t − 12t + 15sen t
tsen t
= 1 ∗ −2 + + 2 cos t + =
2 2 6
MÉ
24
-2
21
1 A B C D Es + F Gs + H
= + 2+ 3+ 4+ 2 +
0
s4 (s2 + 1)2 s s s s s +1 (s2 + 1)2
2 1 2 1
= − 2+ 4+ 2 +
S-2
s s s + 1 (s2 + 1)2
O
s
(10j) L−1
(s + 1)(s2 + 4)
TIC
Z t
−1 s
L = e−t ∗ cos(2t) = cos(2τ )e−(t−τ ) dτ
(s + 1)(s2 + 4) 0
Z t
= e−t eτ cos(2τ ) dτ
FU
0
eτ cos (2τ ) t
τ
−t 2e sen (2 τ )
MÁ
= e +
5 5 0
et 2 1
= − + sen 2t + cos 2t.
T-U 5 5 5
Utilizar fração parcial é melhor:
E
s 1 s+2·2
2
=− + .
(s + 1) (s + 4) 5 (s + 1) 5 (s2 + 4)
AT
MA
SOLUÇÃO DA QUESTÃO 11
Retornar na questão 5
SM
L y 00 + 2y 0 + 2y
= L {sen αt}
α
s2 L {y} − sy (0) − y 0 (0) + 2 (sL {y} − y (0)) + 2L {y} = 2 y(0) = 0, y 0 (0) = 0
s + α2
DO
α
s2 L {y} + 2sL {y} + 2L {y} = 2
s + α2
α 1
Y (s) = L {y} = 2 2 2
s + α (s + 2s + 2)
α 1
Y (s) = = 2
TO
s + α ((s + 1)2 + 12 )
2
25
-2
21
−1 α 1
y(t) = L
0
s2 + α2 [(s + 1)2 + 12 ]
α 1
= L −1 ∗ L −1
S-2
s2 + α 2 [(s + 1)2 + 12 ]
−t
= sen αt ∗ e sen t
Zt
= sen (αt − ατ )e −τ sen τ d τ.
0
O
Para encontra a solução y(t) a maneira recomendada é encontrar as frações parciais:
TIC
α 1 As + αB C(s + 1) + D
= 2 + .
s2 2 2 2
+ α [(s + 1) + 1 ] s +α 2 [(s + 1)2 + 12 ]
FU
MÁ
L y 00 + 2y 0 + 2y
= L {cos αt}
0 s
2
s L {y} − sy (0) − y (0) + 3 (sL {y} − y (0)) + 2L {y} = 2 y(0) = 1, y 0 (0) = 0
T-U s + α2
α
s2 L {y} − s + 3sL {y} − 3 + 2L {y} = 2
s + α2
s 1 s+3
E
Y (s) = L {y} = 2 2 2
+ 2
s + α (s + 3s + 2) s + 3s + 2
s 1 s+3
AT
Y (s) = = 2 +
MA
s 1 s+3
FA
y(t) = L −1 + L −1
s2 + α2 [(s + 1)(s + 2)] [(s + 1)(s + 2)]
−1 α −1 1 −1 2 1
= L ∗L +L −
s2 + α2 [(s + 1)(s + 2)] s+1 s+2
= {cos αt ∗ e−t ∗ e−2t } + 2e−t − e−t
DO
26