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Programa de
Tecnólogo en Análisis y Desarrollo de Sistemas de Información
formación
titulada
Nombre de
Diseño y construcción de software a la medida para el sector empresarial
proyecto
formativo
Actividad de Fase del
AP8. Determinar el cumplimiento de las buenas
proyecto proyecto Desarrollo
prácticas de calidad en el desarrollo de software
formativo
Actividad de AA9. Validar el cumplimiento de los procesos que intervienen en la negociación
aprendizaje y evaluar los procesos de desarrollo de software implementados de acuerdo a
las normas, procedimientos y políticas de calidad de la organización
Resultado(s) de 24020150201. Leer textos complejos y con un vocabulario más específico, en
aprendizaje inglés general y técnico.
Evidencia
Taller de aplicación de estrategias para la comprensión de textos técnicos en inglés
DESCRIPCIÓN DE LA EVIDENCIA.
Durante la vida académica, es muy común enfrentarse a todo tipo de textos en los que usualmente se
presenta información de carácter técnico relacionada con el área de estudios en la que nos
desempeñamos. Gran parte de este compilado de textos se encuentra escrito en lengua inglesa por ser
esta una de las más utilizadas en las comunidades científicas y académicas a nivel internacional.
Por lo anterior, es importante que desarrolle habilidades de comprensión de lectura que le permitan
relacionarse con textos académicos y técnicos escritos en la lengua extranjera con facilidad. Tenga en
cuenta que la lectura de estos textos no se limita al solo reconocimiento de palabras, sino que debe tener
habilidades más complejas como los son identificar ideas implícitas, hacer inferencias, encontrar
argumentos y opiniones, extraer ideas principales y secundarias, así como identificar vocabulario e
información específica.
1. Revisar cada una de las cinco estrategias de comprensión de lectura incluidas en el material de
aprendizaje Strategies for succesful reading. Estas estrategias son:
4. Guarde el documento con sus respuestas y envíelo a su tutor(a) de acuerdo con el procedimiento
establecido.
LO QUE DEBE CONTENER LA EVIDENCIA (PARTES DEL INFORME O PASOS)
1. Revisar cada una de las cinco estrategias de comprensión de lectura incluidas en el material de
aprendizaje Strategies for succesful reading. Estas estrategias son:
PRODUCTO(S) ENTREGABLE(S)
Documento Word con el desarrollo del taller y la aplicación de las 5 estrategias de comprensión de
lectura
INSTRUMENTO DE EVALUACIÓN
La evaluación de la presente evidencia se hará teniendo en cuenta las variables y criterios de evaluación
establecidos en el instrumento de evaluación específico para esta evidencia, es importante su lectura
para mayor comprensión de lo requerido.
FORMA DE ENTREGA
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Formato para Desarrollo de Evidencia
Ingrese al menú principal de la plataforma y ubique el área de “Actividades” e ingrese al enlace “Fase
Desarrollo”, posteriormente acceda a la carpeta de la Actividad de Proyecto correspondiente, y haga
entrega de la evidencia. En caso de dificultades, comuníquese oportunamente con el instructor a cargo.
Presentado por;
JHON WILMAR RODRÍGUEZ ARCINIEGAS
Presentado a;
ÁREA DE INGLES
Read each text carefully and complete the proposed activities and exercises to apply the reading
comprehension strategies discussed in the learning material. The strategies to be applied are:
Read the following passage about process mapping (Lucidchart, 2017) and select at least five (5)
words you don’t know or that are unfamiliar to you. For each word you choose, write an entry
including the following information:
▪ The part of speech of the word (noun, verb, adjective, adverb)
▪ Other forms of the word
▪ The definition of the word. Use your own words to write the definition
▪ The sentence in which the word is found in the Reading
▪ A sentence of your own using the new or unfamiliar Word
A process map is a planning and management tool that visually describes the flow of work. Process maps
show a series of events that produce an end result. A process map is also called a flowchart, process
flowchart, process chart, functional process chart, functional flowchart, process model, workflow
diagram, business flow diagram or process flow diagram. It shows who and what is involved in a process
and can be used in any business or organization and can reveal areas where a process should be
improved.
The purpose of process mapping is for organizations and businesses to improve efficiency. Process maps
provide insight into a process, help teams brainstorm ideas for process improvement, increase
communication and provide process documentation. Process mapping will identify bottlenecks,
repetition and delays. They help to define process boundaries, process ownership, and process
responsibilities
Process maps can save time and simplify projects because they:
Insight
Noun / ɪnsaɪt /
Insightful (adjective)
Insightfully (adverb)
If you gain insight or an insight into a complex situation or problem, you can understand that situation
or problem very well.
Word # 1: Reveal
Verb: (rih-vil)
Gender noun: revelation
Adjective: Revealing
Definition: Provide information about something that is not clear
Location in the text: It shows who and what is involved in a process and can be used in any business or
organization and can reveal areas in which a process should be improved.
Example sentence: He wants to reveal his true intentions.
Word # 2: brainstorm
Verb: (breɪnˌstɔrm)
Noun: sudden idea
Noun: idea-gathering session
Definition: Ability to think, which allows generating good ideas.
Location in the text: Process maps provide insight into a process; help teams brainstorm ideas for
process improvement
Example sentence:
Let's brainstorm to find the solution.
Word # 3 bottleneck
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Formato para Desarrollo de Evidencia
Word # 4: speed
Noun: (spid)
Verb: speed
Definition: Realization between the distance traveled by an object and the time it does it.
Location in the text: Create and speed up the project design.
Example sentence: He was travelling at a speed of 90 mph.
Word # 5: beginning
Noun: (bɪˈɡɪn·ɪŋ)
Gerund: beginning
Verb: To begin
Definition: Starting point of a process; do something that had not been done before.
Location in the text: Show an entire process from the beginning to the end (Lucidchart, 2017).
Example sentence: This is only the beginning, and it is the beginning of a very long road
Read the following excerpt from an article about reasons not to use open source software and identify
the implied idea the author is trying to communicate in the passage. Remember that to be able to find
the implied idea you need to focus on the supporting details and on what they have in common.
Remember to follow these steps:
▪ Identify what is the topic of the reading passage. What is it about?
▪ Read the passage and note each of the major supporting details
. ▪ Ask yourself what is the author trying to tell you about the topic?
▪ Turn the topic into a sentence that reflects the author’s purpose, and that will be the implied main
idea.
Linux has made an enormous impact on the server market, but the same can't be said for the desktop
market — and for good reason. Despite making big steps in the last several years, it's still tricky for the
uninitiated to use, and the user interfaces of the various distributions remain far inferior to those of
Windows or Mac OS X.
While Linux very well may be technically superior to these proprietary operating systems, its
weaknesses mean that most users will find it more difficult and less appealing to work with. That
means lower productivity, which will likely cost far more than purchasing a proprietary operating
system with which your staff is familiar (Rubens, 2017).
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Formato para Desarrollo de Evidencia
What is the implied main idea being referred to in the reading passage?
Linux operating systems are difficult to handle by users with little knowledge of systems and its
graphical interface is not very friendly
What details can you find in the reading that support your proposed implied main idea?
The operating system is still difficult to use for even the initiated
Definitions much lower than those of Windows and Mac OS X.
More difficult and less attractive to users.
This operating system is more expensive for companies, due to its difficulty in operating it, decreases
employee productivity
The main theme of this article is focused on the advantages and disadvantages of implementing a human
resource management system in the company, the result of a study carried out on this topic
What arguments for and against HRIS implementation are introduced in the reading passage?
What is your opinion regarding the subject discussed in the reading passage? Are you against or do
you support the implementation of HRIS?
Regarding the issue of the incursion of human resource management systems, I totally agree to the
extent that these systems help to handle large volumes of information from employees, allowing them
to make decisions more quickly and accurately.
The fact that the mishandling of information is not from the system, but from who administers it.
As human beings, understanding language is one of our first achievements, and associating words to
their meaning seems natural. It’s also automatic to handle discourses that are ambiguous, unclear, or
simply have a strong reference to the context of where we live or work (such as dialect, jargon, or
terms family or associates understand). In addition, humans can catch subtle references to feelings
and sentiments in text, enabling people to understand polite speech that hides negative feelings and
irony.
Computers don’t have this ability but can rely on NLP, a field of computer science concerned with
language understanding and language generation between a machine and a human being. Since Alan
Turing first devised the Turing Test in 1950, which aims at spotting an artificial intelligence based on
how it communicates with humans, NLP experts have developed a series of techniques that define
the state of the art in computer-human interaction by text. A computer powered with NLP can
successfully spot spam in your email, tag the part of a conversation that contains a verb or a noun,
and spot an entity like the name of a person or a company (called named entity recognition). All these
achievements have found application in tasks such as spam filtering, predicting the stock market using
news articles, and de-duplicating redundant information in data storage. Things get more difficult for
NLP when translating a text from another language and understanding who the subject is in an
ambiguous phrase. For example, consider the sentence, “John told Luca he shouldn’t do that again.”
In this case, you can’t really tell whether “he” refers to John or Luca. Disambiguating words with many
meanings, such as considering whether the word mouse in a phrase refers to an animal or a computer
device, can prove difficult. Obviously, the difficulty in all these problems arises because of the context.
As humans, we can easily resolve ambiguity by examining the text for hints about elements like place
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Formato para Desarrollo de Evidencia
and time that express the details of the conversation (such as understanding what happened between
John and Luca, or whether the conversation is about a computer when mentioning the mouse). Relying
on additional information for understanding is part of the human experience. This sort of analysis is
somewhat difficult for computers. Moreover, if the task requires critical contextual knowledge or
demands that the listener resort to common sense and general expertise, the task becomes daunting.
Simply put, NLP still has a lot of ground to cover in order to discover how to extract meaningful
summaries from text effectively or how to complete missing information from text (dummies, 2017).
Introducción
We are faced with a text that is showing us how technology is making great attempts to imitate the
natural processes of the human being, such as communication and everything that surrounds it. In
this case, reference is made to how, through software, the machine tries to establish a process of
communication with humans, but without a doubt, this type of practice is very far from reaching brain
capacities to the extent that the computer lacks. Of the common sense of the human being to interpret
hidden codes in the communicative process.
Language is one of our first achievements, and associating words to their meaning seems natural
Subpoints
Subpoints
NLP experts have developed a series of techniques that define the state of the art in computer-
human text interaction.
NLP computers have the ability to perform tasks such as: identifying spam email, identifying the
verb and noun in a conversation, and identifying people's names.
As humans, we can easily resolve ambiguity by examining the text for clues to elements such as
place and time that express the details of the conversation.
Subpoints
Relying on additional information to understand is part of the human experience.
Furthermore, if the task requires critical contextual knowledge or requires the listener to draw on
common sense and general experience, the task becomes daunting.
Read the following article on the impact of Information Technology (IT) on organizations’ performance
written by Jack Nilles from the Center for Future Research and find the hypothesis this author is trying
to make about IT. Don’t forget to also list the main supporting details or explanations he provides to
prove his idea.
Business Strategy
IT creates new opportunities for innovation in products and services. Services which used to be
delivered in person can now be delivered over networks. Among the key levers are:
✓ resequencing: including parallel processing of data-bases
✓ simultaneity: making information instantly available in several systems (e.g. via OLE)
✓ time extension: offering 24 hour a day; 365 days a year service
✓ portability: taking service and products closer to the user
✓ reusability: using information captured for one purpose (e.g. transactions), and using for others (e.g.
customer targeting)
Organization Culture Newer types of IT such as electronic mail and groupware are creating significant
changes in the way that information flows around group ware, and between them and their customers
and suppliers. It can hasten the development of more open and innovative cultures.
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Management Processes
IT is rapidly entering the era where it supports unstructured management processes as well as highly
routinized business processes. It provides more effective ways of accessing information from multiple
sources, including use of external information on databases and the Internet. However, group decision
support systems that operate in a meeting room environment can help enhance decision making, but
it does need someone who is an expert facilitator to help the group master the technique of structured
discussion.
Work
IT is dramatically changing the nature of professional work. There are few offices where professional
do not make use of personal computers, and in many jobs involving extensive information and
knowledge based work, the use of the computer is often a core activity. Becoming effective not only
requires traditional skills of organizing, thinking, writing etc., but knowing how best to use the power
of IT for researching sources, accessing information, connecting to experts, communicating ideas and
results, and packaging the knowledge (asset) for reuse. One aspect of this is the need for hybrid
managers - people who are competent at both their discipline and IT.
The Workplace
The way in which IT diminishes the effect of distance means that it creates a variety of options for
reorganizing the workplace. At a basic level, it can provide more flexibility in the office, allowing desk
sharing and a degree of location independence within a building (this will develop as CTI (Computer
Telephony Integration) and wireless PCs become more firmly established. At another level, it permits
the dispersion of work teams, thus saving costs of relocation and travel. It has also created the mobile
professional and allows people to work effectively from home (Skyrme, 2017).
The main theme of the reading: “The impact of technologies on the organization”, mainly talks about
how the incursion of technologies in companies has drastically changed the way they operate; The
great changes provided by technology to business development range from the physical organization
and the employees in their environment, to the efficient management of the most complex processes
that the organization manages.
In this article, the author tries to prove that technology has become a great ally of companies, to the
extent that it makes their corporate processes more efficient and secure and the way in which they
can be carried out from any place and space of time.
What arguments, examples, details or explanations the author uses to support his idea or hypothesis?
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The author of the article bases its impact on the following arguments:
• Collapse of time and distance, allowing electronic commerce.
• Make virtual networks and corporations a reality
• Support for complex decision-making processes.
• Allows you to work from home and on the move, such as telecommuting.
• Create new opportunities for innovation in products and services.
• Newer types of IT, such as email and collaborative software, are creating significant changes in the
way information flows around group material andbetween themselves and their customers and
suppliers.
• There are few offices where professionals do not use personal computers, and in many jobs involving
extensive information and knowledge-based work, using the computer is often a central activity.