Spanish

Grammar
Booklet

Nombre: ________
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 Key to Tenses
Using the verb to talk – Hablar – find a similar sentence in English and check
across to see which tense you should be using:

I talk/I am talking – Hablo – Present Tense - pages 3 - 5

I talk/I am talking to myself – Me hablo – Reflexive Verbs – pages 7 - 8

I talked – Hablé – Preterite Tense – pages 10 - 13

I was talking, I used to talk – Hablaba – Imperfect Tense – page 14 - 15

I have talked – He hablado – Perfect Tense – page 16

I am going to talk – Voy a hablar – Immediate Future Tense – page 17

I will talk – Hablaré - Future Tense page 18 & 20

I would talk – Hablaría – Conditional Tense – page 19 - 20

Ser & Estar – page 6

Nouns & Adjectives – pages 21 - 22

General key vocabulary & Opinions – pages 23 - 24

Connectives

A range of these should be used with speaking and writing tasks to make your
work flow better.

Y and también also/too además as well

por último lastly por eso/así que so sin embargo however
Pero but o or porque because
por lo tanto therefore aunque although ya already
Después after antes before bastante quite/fairly
a veces sometimes con with mientras que whilst
Sin without entonces/luego then de repente suddenly
por lo general in general ni ….ni … neither ..nor primero First(ly)

Note that Después and Antes can also be used as follows:

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Después de + infinitive / Antes de + infinitive

Después de comer ..... - After eating ..... Antes de salir …. – Before going out
Time Frames/Frequency Words

Time frames will help you express yourself better and help a reader/listener to
understand in which time something is happening:

Past

Ayer Yesterday La semana pasada Last week

Anteayer The day before yesterday El fin de semana pasado Last weekend
Anoche Last night El año pasado Last year
Anteanoche The night before last El mes pasado Last month
Hace dos días 2 days ago Hace una semana A week ago

Present (these can also be used to express the future and/or past at times)

Hoy Today Esta mañana This morning

Esta tarde This afternoon Esta noche Tonight
Este fin de semana This weekend Este mes This month
Este año This year Por la mañana/la tarde In the morning/afternoon

Future

Mañana Tomorrow La semana próxima/que viene Next week

El año próximo/ Next year El verano próximo/que viene Next summer
que viene
El sábado próximo/ Next Saturday Dentro de dos años (with)in 2 years
que viene
Cuando sea mayor When I’m older Cuando tenga …. años When I’m … yrs old

Frequency words

Normalmente Normally Generalmente Generally

Por lo menos At least Una vez a la semana Once a week
Dos veces al día Twice a day Cada día/todos los días Each/every day
Los lunes On Mondays Los fines de semana At weekends
De vez en cuando From time to time Tres horas al día 3 hours a day
Por las tardes In the afternoons Nunca Never

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 THE PRESENT TENSE

• In Spanish, infinitives are not preceded by their equivalent of the word to.
• They have 3 groups of verbs which have their own ‘surname’.

• Group 1’s verbs end in –ar

• Group 2’s verbs end in –er
• Group 3’s verbs end in –ir

• Regular verbs in each group behave in the same way. So once you know how one verb
works in each group you can work out all other regular verbs!!!

• The present tense is used to talk about an action taking place in present time.
• In English we would say it in two ways
 He eats
 He is eating

The subject pronouns (I, You, He etc) are not always required. This is because the verb endings
indicate who is performing the action.

TO FORM ANY TENSE – IN 2 EASY STEPS:

1) Take off the endings (-ar, -er, -ir)

2) Add the appropriate ending to say who is performing the action

GROUP 1 –AR VERBS GROUP 2 –ER VERBS

• HABLAR TO SPEAK COMER TO EAT

• Hablo I speak Como I eat
• Hablas You speak Comes You eat
• Habla He/She/It speaks Come He/She/It eats
• Hablamos We speak Comemos We eat
• Habláis You (plural) speak Coméis You (plural) eat
• Hablan They speak Comen They eat

GROUP 3 –IR VERBS

• VIVIR TO LIVE
• Vivo I live

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• Vives You live
• Vive He/She/It lives
• Vivimos We live
• Vivís You (plural) live
• Viven They live
THE PRESENT TENSE – STEP BY STEP

Identify the verb you want

(ending in –ar, -er or -ir)

Chop off the –ar, -er or –ir ending.

Replace with the correct ending to match the person(s)

doing the action
AR Verbs

ER Verbs

IR Verbs

_o = I _o = I _o = I
_as = You _es = You _es = You
_a = He/She/It _e = He/She/It _e = He/She/It
_amos = We _emos = We _imos = We
_áis = You (pl) _éis = You (pl) _ís = You (pl)
_an = They _en = They _en = They

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Some verbs are irregular though. Here are the ones that you really need to know:

SER TO BE ESTAR TO BE
Soy I am Estoy I am
Eres You are Estás You are
Es He/She/It is Está He/She/It is
Somos We are Estamos We are
Sois You (plural) are Estáis You (plural) are
Son They are Están They are

TENER TO HAVE HACER TO DO

Tengo I have Hago I do
Tienes You have Haces You do
Tiene He/She/It has Hace He/She/It does
Tenemos We have Hacemos We do
Tenéis You (plural) have Hacéis You (plural) do
Tienen They have Hacen They do

PODER TO BE ABLE TO IR TO GO
Puedo I can Voy I go
Puedes You can Vas You go
Puede He/She/It can Va He/She/It goes
Podemos We can Vamos We go
Podéis You (plural) can Vais You (plural) go
Pueden They can Van They go

QUERER TO WANT DAR TO GIVE

Quiero I want Doy I give
Quieres You want Das You give
Quiere He/She/It wants Da He/She/It gives
Queremos We want Damos We give
Queréis You (plural) want Dais You (plural) give
Quieren They want Dan They give

JUGAR TO PLAY LAVARSE TO GET WASHED

Juego I play Me Lavo I get washed
Juegas You play Te lavas You get washed
Juega He/She/It plays Se lava He/She/It gets washed
Jugamos We play Nos Lavamos We get washed

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 Jugáis You (plural) play Os Laváis You (plural) get washed
Juegan They play Se Lavan They get washed

Hay – There is/are

SER & ESTAR

In Spanish there are 2 verbs meaning “to be”. This can be very confusing. Below is an
explanation of when to use them but the following rhyme can prove useful:

“For how you feel and where you are always use the verb estar.”

SER TO BE ESTAR TO BE
Soy I am Estoy I am
Eres You are Estás You are
Es He/She/It is Está He/She/It is
Somos We are Estamos We are
Sois You (plural) are Estáis You (plural) are
Son They are Están They are

Ser is used to describe permanent and semi-permanent characteristics.

Estar is used to describe location, temporary states and marital status.

So … Choose the correct answer:

• For nationality use ______
• For mood use ______ 1) Mi padre es / está medico.
• For health use ______ 2) Su casa es / está muy pequeño.
• For appearance use ______ 3) Somos / Estamos muy cansadas.
• For profession use ______ 4) Madrid es / está en el centro de
• For position use _______ España.
• For character use ______ 5) Mis primos son / están franceses.
• For marital status use _______ 6) Mis hermanos son / están en Londres.
• For temporary states / feelings use _____ 7) Bath es / está una ciudad histórica.
8) No puedo venir al colegio porque soy /
estoy enferma.
9) Soy / estoy soltero.
Now translate these sentences into Spanish: 10) Soy / estoy muy enfadada.

1) I am very tall _________________________________________

2) My uncle is in France ___________________________________

3) My grandmother is quite young ____________________________

4) My brothers are married _________________________________

5) My house is near Bath ___________________________________ (cerca de = near) 6

6) We are students ________________________________________
 REFLEXIVE VERBS

Reflexive verbs are verbs that include a reflexive pronoun and they describe actions that we do
to ourselves. You can tell if a verb is reflexive when you look it up in the dictionary as there will
be “se” after the infinitive endings (-ar, -er or –ir).

Reflexive verbs are conjugated in the same way in all tenses but with the added reflexive
pronoun in front. Here you can see how to conjugate reflexive verbs in the present tense:

To form it you need to do 4 things:

1. Take off the reflexive pronoun
2. Put it at the front of the verb
3. Change it to match the person doing the action
4. Change the end of the verb as usual to match the person(s) doing the action

DUCHARSE TO SHOWER DESPERTARSE TO WAKE UP

Me ducho I shower Me despierto I wake up
Te duchas You shower Te despiertas You wake up
Se ducha He/She/It showers Se despierta He/She/It wakes up
Nos duchamos We shower Nos despertamos We wake up
Os ducháis You (plural) shower Os despertáis You (plural) wake up
Se duchan They shower Se despiertan You wake up

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 REFLEXIVE VERBS – STEP BY STEP

Identify the reflexive verb you want

(ending in –arse, -erse or -irse)

Take off the reflexive ‘se’ part at the end

Put it at the front of the verb and change it to match

who is doing the reflexive action

Me = I
Te = You
Se = He/She/It
Nos = We
Os = You (pl)
Se = They

Chop off the –ar, -er or –ir ending.

Replace with the correct ending to match the person(s) doing the action
IR Verbs
ER Verbs
AR Verbs

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 _o = I _o = I _o = I
_as = You _es = You _es = You
_a = He/She/It _e = He/She/It _e = He/She/It
_amos = We _emos =CONTINUOUS
THE PRESENT We _ímos = We
_áis = You (pl) _éis = You (pl) _ís = You (pl)
_an
To say what is = They
happening en can=use
now in Spanish_you They _en = They
the Present Continuous. To form it you will
need 2 parts:

The Present Tense of the verbs Estar

ESTAR TO BE
Estoy I am
Estás You are
Está He/She/It is
Estamos We are
Estáis You (pl) are
Están They are

Then you need the present participle. To form this you take the infinitive and get rid of the –
ar, -ir or –er ending then add one of the following:

Hablar -> Habl -> Hablando

Comer -> Com -> Comiendo
Vivir -> Viv -> Viviendo

e.g. Estoy hablando con mis amigos – I am talking to my friends

Estamos jugando al fútbol – We are playing football

The present participle does not change at all. Only the corresponding parts of Estar change.

Estar is NEVER separated from the present participle. If the sentence is in the negative the
‘no’ goes before both parts – no estamos jugando – we are not playing

There are a few irregular present participles. Here are the common ones:

dormir durmiendo sleeping reír riendo laughing servir sirviendo serving

decir diciendo saying seguir siguiendo following leer leyendo reading
oír oyendo hearing traer trayendo bringing ir yendo going

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 THE PRETERITE TENSE

• The past tense is used to talk about an action that took place in the past and is
completed/finished.
• In English we would say it like this:
 I ate
 You played

GROUP 1 –AR VERBS GROUP 2 –ER VERBS

• HABLAR TO SPEAK COMER TO EAT

• Hablé I spoke Comí I ate
• Hablaste You spoke Comiste You ate
• Habló He/She/It speaks Comió He/She/It ate
• Hablamos We spoke Comimos We ate
• Hablasteis You (plural) spoke Comisteis You (plural) ate
• Hablaron They spoke Comieron They ate

GROUP 3 –IR VERBS

• VIVIR TO LIVE
• Viví I live
• Viviste You live
• Vivió He/She/It lives
• Vivimos We live
• Vivisteis You (plural) live
• Vivieron They live

Hubo – There was/were

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 THE PRETERITE TENSE – STEP BY STEP

Identify the verb you want

(ending in –ar, -er or -ir)

Chop off the –ar, -er or –ir ending.

Replace with the correct ending to match the person(s)

doing the action
AR Verbs

ER Verbs

IR Verbs

_é = I _í = I _í = I
_aste = You _iste = You _iste = You
_ó = He/She/It _ió = He/She/It _ió = He/She/It
_amos = We _imos = We _imos = We
_asteis = You (pl) _isteis = You (pl) _isteis = You (pl)
_aron = They _ieron = _ieron =
They They

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Most of the common verbs used in the past in Spanish are irregular. Here is a list of some of
the more common ones:

SER TO BE ESTAR TO BE
Fui I was Estuve I was
Fuiste You were Estuviste You were
Fue He/She/It was Estuvo He/She/It was
Fuimos We were Estuvimos We were
Fuisteis You (plural) were Estuvisteis You (plural) were
Fueron They were Estuvieron You were

TENER TO HAVE HACER TO DO

Tuve I had Hice I did
Tuviste You had Hiciste You did
Tuvo He/She/It had Hizo He/She/It did
Tuvimos We had Hicimos We did
Tuvisteis You (plural) had Hicisteis You (plural) did
Tuvieron They had Hicieron They did

VENIR TO COME IR A TO GO TO
Vine I came Fui a I went
Viniste You came Fuiste a You went
Vino He/She/It came Fue a He/She/It went
Vinimos We came Fuimos a We went
Vinisteis You (plural) came Fuisteis a You (plural) went
Vinieron They came Fueron a They went

VER TO SEE VENIR TO COME

Vi I saw Vine I came
Viste You saw Viniste You came
Vio He/She/It saw Vino He/She/It came
Vimos We saw Vinimos We came
Visteis You (plural) saw Vinisteis You (plural) came
Vieron They saw Vinieron They came

DECIR TO SAY DAR TO GIVE

Dije I said Di I brought
Dijiste You said Diste You brought
Dijo He/She/It said Dio He/She/It brought
Dijimos We said Dimos We brought
Dijisteis You (plural) said Disteis You (plural) brought
Dijeron They said Dieron They brought

ANDAR TO WALK PONER TO PUT

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Anduve I walked Puse I put
Anduviste You walked Pusiste You put
Anduvo He/She/It walked Puso He/She/It put
Anduvimos We walked Pusimos We put
Anduvisteis You (plural) walked Pusisteis You (plural) put
Anduvieron They walked Pusieron They put
For example:

El año pasado fui a Barcelona - Last year I went to Barcelona

Puise mi bolso en el armario - I put my bag in the cupboard
¿Qué hiciste? - What did you do?
Mi amigo anduvo al instituto - My friend walked to school
Vimos la nueva película - We saw the new film
Tuvimos hambre - We were hungry
¿Hicisteis las camas? - Did you make the beds?
Mis padres estuvieron de vacaciones - My parents were on holidays
Los chicos vinieron a la fiesta - The boys came the party
Ayer hubo un accidente en la calle - Yesterday there was an accident in the street

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 THE IMPERFECT TENSE

The imperfect is a past tense in Spanish. Its uses are different from those of the preterite.
They are used in different contexts and emphasize the continuation of an action in the past.

 It it used to communicate phrases such as used to, was –ing, or were –ing.
 It is used to describe physical conditions and characteristics of people or things in the
past.
 It is used to express ongoing mental and emotional states, desires and opinions in the
past.
 It is used to express time and age in the past.

To form the imperfect tense, remove the infinitive endings ( -ar, -er, and -ir) and add the
following conjugated endings:

PRONOUN COMPRAR - TO BUY VENDER - TO SELL RECIBIR - TO RECEIVE

Yo/ I Compraba Vendía Recibía
Tú/ You Comprabas Vendías Recibías
Él, Ella, /
Compraba Vendía Recibía
He, She
Nosotros/ We Comprábamos Vendíamos Recibíamos
Vosotros/ You Comprabais Vendíais Recibíais
Ellos/ They Compraban Vendían Recibían

There are only 3 irregular verbs in the Imperfect Tense:

VER – TO SEE IR – TO GO SER – TO BE

Yo - I Veía Iba Era
Tú - You Veías Ibas Eras
Él/Ella - He, She Veía Iba Era
Nosotros - We Veíamos Íbamos Eramos
Vosotros - You Veías Ibais Erais
Ellos - They Veían Iban Eran

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 Había – There was/were

THE IMPERFECT TENSE – STEP BY STEP

Identify the verb you want

(ending in –ar, -er or -ir)

Chop off the –ar, -er or –ir ending.

Replace with the correct ending to match the person(s)

doing the action
AR Verbs

ER Verbs

IR Verbs

_aba = I _ía = I _ía = I

_abas = You _ías = You _ías = You
_aba = He/She/It _ía = He/She/It _ía = He/She/It
_ábamos = We _íamos = We _íamos = We
_abais = You (pl) _íais = You (pl) _iais = You (pl)
_aban = They _ían = They _ían = They

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 THE PERFECT TENSE

The perfect tense is used to talk about something that you have done.

e.g. I have done my homework

We have played football

To form it you need to use the verb HABER + PAST PARTICIPLE

HABER TO HAVE
He I have
Has You have
Ha He/She/It has
Hemos We have
Habéis You (pl) have
Han They have

To form the past participle you take the infinitive and get rid of the –ar, -ir or –er ending then
add one of the following:

Hablar -> Habl -> Hablado

Comer -> Com -> Comido
Vivir -> Viv -> Vivido

e.g. He hablado con mis amigos – I have talked with my friends

Hemos jugado al fútbol – We have played football

The past participle does not change at all. Only the corresponding parts of Haber change.

Haber is NEVER separated from the past participle.

If the sentence is in the negative the ‘no’ goes before both parts.

There are a few irregular past participles. Here are the common ones:

Infinitive Engish P.Participle English

abrir to open abierto opened

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 poner to put puesto put
ver to see visto seen
hacer to do hecho done
volver to return vuelto returned
decir to say dicho said

THE IMMEDIATE (SIMPLE/NEAR) FUTURE TENSE

The Immediate (or Simple/Near) Future Tense is used to translate what someone is “going to”
do.

To form it you need 3 part: The Present Tense of the verb to go + a + an infinitive

IR A TO GO TO
Voy a I am going Voy a jugar al fútbol – I am going to play football
Vas a You are going
Va a He/She/It is going Va a ir de compras – She is going to go shopping
Vamos a We are going
Vais a You (pl) are going Vamos a escuchar música – We are going to listen to music
Van a They are going

IMMEDIATE (SIMPLE/NEAR) FUTURE TENSE – STEP BY STEP

Identify who is “going to” do the action and select

the correct form of the verb “to go”.

IR TO GO
Voy I go
Vas You go
Va He/She/It goes
Vamos We go
Vais You (plural) go
Van They go

Follow it with “a” meaning ‘to’

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 Then add the verb in the infinitive (ending in –ar, -er or –ir)

THE FUTURE TENSE

This future tense is translated as I will, You will etc. Most Spanish verbs are regular in the
future. The infinitive serves as the stem of almost all Spanish verbs in the future tense. To
form it all you do is:

Infinitive + ending

Pronoun HABLAR COMER VIVIR

Yo (I) Hablaré Comeré Viviré
Tú (You) Hablarás Comerás Vivirás
Él/Ella (He/She) Hablará Comerá Vivirá
Nosotros (We) Hablaremos Comeremos Viviremos
Vosotros (You, pl) Hablaréis Comeréis Viviréis
Ellos/Ellas (They) Hablarán Comerán Vivirán

The three above are regular verbs. Remember a number of Spanish verbs have irregular future
stems. The endings are still the same as regular verbs only the stem changes. Here is a list of
the most common ones:
INFINITIVE TRANSLATION STEM
Caber To fit Cabr-
Decir To say Dir-
Hacer To do/make Har-
Poder To be able Podr-
Poner To put Pondr-
Querer To want Querr-
Saber To know Sabr-
Salir To leave/go out Saldr-
Tener To have Tendr-
Valer To be worth Valdr-
Venir To come Vendr-

Habrá There will be

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 THE CONDITIONAL TENSE

The conditional tense in English is translated as I would speak, etc .

It is formed in a similar way to the Future Tense in that you need to use the infinitive followed
by an ending. To form this tense, you take the INFINITIVE and add the –ER / -IR endings
from the Imperfect Tense.

Pronoun HABLAR COMER VIVIR

Yo (I) Hablaría Comería Viviría
Tú (You) Hablarías Comerías Vivirías
Él/Ella (He/She) Hablaría Comería Viviría
Nosotros (We) Hablaríamos Comeríamos Viviríamos
Vosotros (You, pl) Hablaríais Comeríais Viviríais
Ellos/Ellas (They) Hablarían Comerían Vivirían

The three above are regular verbs. Remember a number of Spanish verbs have irregular future
stems. The endings are still the same as regular verbs only the stem changes. These are
identical to the Future Tense irregular verbs. Here is a list of the most common ones:

INFINITIVE TRANSLATION STEM

Caber To fit Cabr-
Decir To say Dir-
Hacer To do/make Har-
Poder To be able Podr-
Poner To put Pondr-
Querer To want Querr-
Saber To know Sabr-
Salir To leave/go out Saldr-
Tener To have Tendr-
Valer To be worth Valdr-
Venir To come Vendr-

Habría There would be

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 THE FUTURE AND CONDITIONAL TENSES – STEP BY STEP

Identify the infinitive of the verb that you want to

conjugate (ending in –ar, -er or –ir)

Identify if you want to say “will” or “would”

WILL = FUTURE WOULD = CONDITIONAL

Add the correct ending to the infinitive to match the person(s) who
will/would do the action. (Check it’s not on the list of irregular verbs).
WILL

WOULD

_é = I _ía = I
_ás = You _ías = You
_á = He/She/It _ía = He/She/It
_emos = We _íamos = We
_éis = You (pl) _íais = You (pl)
_án = They _ían = They

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 Nouns. When are they masculine or feminine?

Nouns are naming words for:

 people – la madre = mother, el chico = boy
 places – el banco = bank, la cathedral = cathedral
 things – el libro = book, la mesa = table

Each noun in Spanish has a gender. So it is either masculine (m) or feminine (f)
For words referring to people, it is obvious what is masculine and what is feminine.

For things however it is not so obvious and you have to learn them. However….

 Most nouns that end in an -o are MASCULINE

 Most nouns that end in an -a are FEMININE (and –ión & -dad)

There are some exceptions and they have to be learnt. Here are some common ones;

el día day el mapa map el problema problem

la mano hand la foto photo la radio radio
la moto moped

Identify whether the following words are either masculine or feminine by writing either (m) or
(f) after each one:

1. bolígrafo 2. mesa 3. persona 4. colegio

Singular and Plural

Plural means more than one. In English when there is more than one we add an –s to the end of
the word. It is the same in Spanish.
 when the word ends in a vowel (a, e, i, o, u) add an –s
Chico – chicos persona – personas coche – coches
 when the word ends in a consonant (not a vowel) add –es
melón – melones actor – actores papel – papeles

Add the correct ending to these singular nouns to make them plural:

1. libro 2. ordenador 3. regla 4. aútobus 5. perro

6. pared 7. padre 8. examen 9. avion 10. disco compacto

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Don’t forget to use the correct form of the words for a/an/the. Remember they too have to
agree in number and gender of the noun to which they are referring:

Masculine Feminine M. Sing M Plural F. Sing F. Plural

a/an un una the el los la las
some unos Adjectives
unas – masculine, feminine or plural?

Adjectives are describing words like big, tall, old, nasty, nice and funny.

In Spanish adjectives have to match the noun (thing) they are describing. For example:

Masculine singular noun = masculine singular adjective

Feminine plural noun = feminine plural adjective

How do we know what to put? It depends on the ending of the noun:

If a noun ends in the letter ‘o’ it tends to be masculine

If a noun ends in the letter ‘a’ it tends to be feminine (also –dad and –ión)
Anything else it tends to always be masculine.

How to alter adjectives to match the noun:

If the adjective Masc. Singular Fem. Singular Masc. Plural Fem. Plural
ends in –o alto alta altos altas
ends in -e verde verde verdes verdes
ends in –s or –l español española españoles españolas

Normally adjectives follow the noun they are describing.

Select the correct adjective to describe these nouns:

1. un perro pequeño/pequeña/pequeños/pequeñas

2. dos libros antiguo/antigua/antiguos/antiguas

3. unas chicas simpático/simpática/simpáticos/simpáticas

4. el coche rojo/roja/rojos/rojas

5. los hombres son feo/fea/feos/feas

6. tres casas español/española/españoles/españolas

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 7. los balcónes son grande/grande/grandes/grandes

8. mi madre es estricto/estricta/estrictos/estrictas

General Vocabulary

Los Números – If you know the numbers in red then you will know all your numbers

1 Uno 21 Veintiuno 41 Cuarenta y uno 81 Ochenta y uno

2 Dos 22 Veintidós 42 Cuarenta y dos 82 Ochenta y dos
3 Tres 23 Veintitrés 50 Cincuenta 83 Ochenta y tres
4 Cuatro 24 Veinticuatro 51 Cincuenta y uno 84 Ochenta y cuatro
5 Cinco 25 Veinticinco 52 Cincuenta y dos 85 Ochenta y cinco
6 Seis 26 Veintiséis 60 Sesenta 86 Ochenta y seis
7 Siete 27 Veintisiete 61 Sesenta y uno 87 Ochenta y siete
8 Ocho 28 Veintiocho 62 Sesenta y dos 88 Ochenta y ocho
9 Nueve 29 Veintinueve 63 Sesenta y tres 89 Ochenta y nueve
10 Diez 30 Treinta 70 Setenta 90 Noventa
11 Once 31 Treinta y uno 71 Setenta y uno 91 Noventa y uno
12 Doce 32 Treinta y dos 72 Setenta y dos 92 Noventa y dos
13 Trece 33 Treinta y tres 73 Setenta y tres 93 Noventa y tres
14 Catorce 34 Treinta y cuatro 74 Setenta y cuatro 94 Noventa y cuatro
15 Quince 35 Treinta y cinco 75 Setenta y cinco 95 Noventa y cinco
16 Dieciséis 36 Treinta y seis 76 Setenta y seis 96 Noventa y seis
17 Diecisiete 37 Treinta y siete 77 Setenta y siete 97 Noventa y siete
18 Dieciocho 38 Treinta y ocho 78 Setenta y ocho 98 Noventa y ocho
19 Diecinueve 39 Treinta y nueve 79 Setenta y nueve 99 Noventa y nueve
20 Veinte 40 Cuarenta 80 Ochenta 100 Cien

Los Meses

enero January julio July

febrero February agosto August
marzo March septiembre September
abril April octubre October
mayo May noviembre November
junio June diciembre December

El Alfabeto

A ah F efeh L eleh P peh U uuh

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 B beh G heh LL elyeh Q cuh V uuveh
C theh H acheh M emeh R ere W uuveh dobleh
CH cheh I ee N eneh RR erre X ekis
D deh J hota Ñ enyeh S eseh Y ee griegah
E eh K kah O oh T teh Z theta

OPINIONS

At GCSE it is vital that you give opinions in your Writing and Speaking assessments and
recognise them in the Reading and Listening exams. The use of opinions is one of the
necessary parts you need to show you can handle to attain at least a grade C. Here are a
variety of ways to express your opinions:

(No) me gusta(n) – I (don’t) like

Me encanta(n) – I love
Odio – I hate
Detesto – I hate/detest
Prefiero – I prefer
Creo que – I believe that
Me parece que – I think that
Parece que – It seems that
Pienso que – I think that
Para ser sincero – to be honest
Presiento que – I have a feeling that
Desde mi punto de vista – From my point of view
Para mí – In my opinion
En mi opinión – In my opinion
A mi parecer – In my opinion
Mi opinión personal es que – My personal opinión is that
Considero que – I consider that
Personalmente – Personally
Debo admitir que – I must admit that
Estoy totalmente seguro de que – I am totally sure that
Estoy convencido de que – I am convinced that
Tengo la impresión de que – I have the impression that
Supongo que – I suppose that

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