Agustín de Hipona 2
Agustín de Hipona 2
Agustín de Hipona 2
hipopótamo
Doctor de la iglesia
Banquete 28 de agosto (
cristianismo occidental
)
15 de junio (
cristianismo oriental )
4 de noviembre ( asirio )
sobre la doctrina
cristiana
Agustín de hipopótamo
Vida
fondo
La infancia y la educación
La conversión cristiana y
sacerdotal
Historia de la ordenación de
Agustín de Hipona.
Historia
Ordenación sacerdotal
Fecha 391
Consagración episcopal
Fecha 396
No en disturbios ni en
embriaguez, ni en camaradería
ni en desenfreno, ni en
contiendas y envidias, sino en el
Señor Jesucristo, y no haga
provisión para que la carne
cumpla con sus deseos. [58]
La muerte y la veneración
reliquia
s
Puntos de vista y
pensamiento
La gran contribución de los escritos de
Agustín abarcó diversos campos,
incluidos la teología, la filosofía y la
sociología. Junto con Juan Crisóstomo ,
Agustín estaba entre los eruditos más
prolíficos de la iglesia primitiva por la
cantidad de escritos sobrevivientes.
Teologia
Cristiano antropología
Creación
escatología
Mariología
Conocimiento de la naturaleza y la
interpretación bíblica
Original Sin
Teología Sacramental
Filosofía
Astrología
epistemología
La guerra justa
Agustín afirmó que los cristianos deberían
ser pacifistas como una postura personal
y filosófica. [140] Sin embargo, la paz ante
un grave error que solo podría ser
detenido por la violencia sería un pecado.
La defensa de uno mismo u otros puede
ser una necesidad, especialmente cuando
está autorizada por una autoridad
legítima. Sin romper las condiciones
necesarias para que la guerra sea justa,
Agustín acuñó la frase en su obra La
ciudad de Dios . [141] En esencia, la
búsqueda de la paz debe incluir la opción
de luchar por su preservación a largo
plazo. [142] Tal guerra no podría ser
preventiva, sino defensiva, para restaurar
la paz. [143] Tomás de AquinoSiglos más
tarde, utilizó la autoridad de los
argumentos de Agustín en un intento por
definir las condiciones bajo las cuales una
guerra podría ser justa. [144] [145]
Libre albedrío
esclavitud
Judíos
Contra ciertos movimientos cristianos,
algunos de los cuales rechazaron el uso
de las Escrituras hebreas , Agustín
respondió que Dios había elegido a los
judíos como un pueblo especial, [160] y
consideró que la dispersión de los judíos
por el Imperio Romano era un
cumplimiento de la profecía. [161] Rechazó
las actitudes homicidas, citando parte de
la misma profecía, a saber, "No las maten,
para que no olviden su ley" (Salmo 59:11).
Agustín, que creía que los judíos se
convertirían al cristianismo en "el fin de los
tiempos", argumentó que Dios les había
permitido sobrevivir a su dispersión como
una advertencia para los cristianos; como
tal, argumentó, debería permitírseles
morar en tierras cristianas. [162]El
sentimiento que a veces se atribuye a
Agustín de que los cristianos deberían
permitir que los judíos "sobrevivan pero no
prosperen" (lo repite James Carroll en su
libro La espada de Constantino , por
ejemplo) [163] es apócrifo y no se
encuentra en ninguno de sus escritos. [164]
La sexualidad
pedagogía
San Agustín en su estudio por Sandro Botticelli , 1494,
Galería Uffizi
Obras
Pintura de san agustín de antonio rodriguez.
Influencia
San Agustín en disputa con la pintura de los herejes
por el Grupo Verges
En la filosofía
El filósofo Bertrand Russell quedó
impresionado por la meditación de
Agustín sobre la naturaleza del tiempo en
las Confesiones , comparándola
favorablemente con la versión de Kant de
que el tiempo es subjetivo. [177] Los
teólogos católicos generalmente se
suscriben a la creencia de Agustín de que
Dios existe fuera del tiempo en el
"presente eterno"; ese tiempo solo existe
dentro del universo creado porque solo en
el espacio el tiempo es discernible a
través del movimiento y el cambio. Sus
meditaciones sobre la naturaleza del
tiempo están estrechamente relacionadas
con su consideración de la capacidad
humana de la memoria . Frances Yates en
su estudio de 1966, El arte de la memoria
argumenta que un breve pasaje
deConfesiones , 10.8.12, en la que Agustín
escribe sobre subir un tramo de escaleras
y entrar en los vastos campos de la
memoria [178] , indica claramente que los
antiguos romanos estaban conscientes de
cómo usar metáforas espaciales y
arquitectónicas explícitas como una
técnica mnemotécnica para la
organización. Grandes cantidades de
información.
San Agustín medita en la Trinidad cuando el Niño
Jesús aparece ante él por el Grupo Vergós
En teologia
Oratorio
La consagración de san Agustín por Jaume Huguet
Notas de
a. Jerome wrote to Augustine in 418: "You
are known throughout the world; Catholics
honour and esteem you as the one who has
established anew the ancient Faith"
(conditor antiquae rursum fidei). Cf.
Epistola 195 ; TeSelle, Eugene (1970).
Augustine the Theologian. London. p. 343.
ISBN 978-0-223-97728-0. March 2002
edition: ISBN 1-57910-918-7.
b. The nomen Aurelius is virtually
meaningless, signifying little more than
Roman citizenship (see: Salway, Benet
(1994). "What's in a Name? A Survey of
Roman Onomastic Practice from c. 700 B.C.
to A.D. 700" (PDF). The Journal of Roman
Studies. 84: 124–145.
doi:10.2307/300873 . ISSN 0075-4358 .
JSTOR 300873 .).
c. He explained to Julian of Eclanum that it
was a most subtle job to discern what came
first: Sed si disputatione subtilissima et
elimatissima opus est, ut sciamus utrum
primos homines insipientia superbos, an
insipientes superbia fecerit. (Contra
Julianum, V, 4.18; PL 44, 795)
d. Augustine explained it in this way: "Why
therefore is it enjoined upon mind, that it
should know itself? I suppose, in order that,
it may consider itself, and live according to
its own nature; that is, seek to be regulated
according to its own nature, viz., under Him
to whom it ought to be subject, and above
those things to which it is to be preferred;
under Him by whom it ought to be ruled,
above those things which it ought to rule.
For it does many things through vicious
desire, as though in forgetfulness of itself.
For it sees some things intrinsically
excellent, in that more excellent nature
which is God: and whereas it ought to
remain steadfast that it may enjoy them, it
is turned away from Him, by wishing to
appropriate those things to itself, and not to
be like to Him by His gift, but to be what He
is by its own, and it begins to move and slip
gradually down into less and less, which it
thinks to be more and more." ("On the
Trinity " (De Trinitate), 5:7; CCL 50, 320 [1–
12])
e. In one of Augustine's late works,
Retractationes, he made a significant
remark indicating the way he understood
difference between spiritual, moral libido
and the sexual desire: "Libido is not good
and righteous use of the libido" ("libido non
est bonus et rectus usus libidinis"). See the
whole passage: Dixi etiam quodam loco:
«Quod enim est cibus ad salutem hominis,
hoc est concubitus ad salutem generis, et
utrumque non est sine delectatione carnali,
quae tamen modificata et temperantia
refrenante in usum naturalem redacta,
libido esse non potest». Quod ideo dictum
est, quoniam "libido non est bonus et rectus
usus libidinis". Sicut enim malum est male
uti bonis, ita bonum bene uti malis. De qua
re alias, maxime contra novos haereticos
Pelagianos, diligentius disputavi. Cf. De
bono coniugali, 16.18; PL 40, 385; De nuptiis
et concupiscentia, II, 21.36; PL 44, 443;
Contra Iulianum, III, 7.16; PL 44, 710; ibid., V,
16.60; PL 44, 817. See also Idem (1983). Le
mariage chrétien dans l'oeuvre de Saint
Augustin. Une théologie baptismale de la
vie conjugale. Paris: Études Augustiniennes.
p. 97.
f. Although Augustine praises him in the
Confessions, 8.2., it is widely acknowledged
that Augustine's attitude towards that
pagan philosophy was very much of a
Christian apostle, as T.E. Clarke SJ writes:
Towards Neoplatonism there was
throughout his life a decidedly ambivalent
attitude; one must expect both agreement
and sharp dissent, derivation but also
repudiation. In the matter which concerns
us here, the agreement with Neoplatonism
(and with the Platonic tradition in general)
centers on two related notions: immutability
as primary characteristic of divinity, and
likeness to divinity as the primary vocation
of the soul. The disagreement chiefly
concerned, as we have said, two related and
central Christian dogmas: the Incarnation of
the Son of God and the resurrection of the
flesh. Clarke, SJ, T.E. "St. Augustine and
Cosmic Redemption". Theological Studies.
19 (1958): 151. Cf. É. Schmitt's chapter 2:
L'idéologie hellénique et la conception
augustinienne de réalités charnelles in:
Idem (1983). Le mariage chrétien dans
l'oeuvre de Saint Augustin. Une théologie
baptismale de la vie conjugale. Paris:
Études Augustiniennes. pp. 108–123.
O'Meara, J.J. (1954). The Young Augustine:
The Growth of St. Augustine's Mind up to
His Conversion. London. pp. 143–151 and
195f. Madec, G. Le "platonisme" des Pères.
p. 42. in Idem (1994). Petites Études
Augustiniennes. «Antiquité» 142. Paris:
Collection d'Études Augustiniennes. pp. 27–
50. Thomas Aq. STh I q84 a5; Augustine of
Hippo, City of God (De Civitate Dei), VIII, 5;
CCL 47, 221 [3–4].
g. "It is, of course, always easier to oppose
and denounce than to understand."[105]:312
h. In 393 or 394 he commented: Moreover,
if unbelief is fornication, and idolatry
unbelief, and covetousness idolatry, it is not
to be doubted that covetousness also is
fornication. Who, then, in that case can
rightly separate any unlawful lust whatever
from the category of fornication, if
covetousness is fornication? And from this
we perceive, that because of unlawful lusts,
not only those of which one is guilty in acts
of uncleanness with another's husband or
wife, but any unlawful lusts whatever, which
cause the soul making a bad use of the
body to wander from the law of God, and to
be ruinously and basely corrupted, a man
may, without crime, put away his wife, and a
wife her husband, because the Lord makes
the cause of fornication an exception; which
fornication, in accordance with the above
considerations, we are compelled to
understand as being general and universal.
("On the Sermon on the Mount ", De
sermone Domini in monte, 1:16:46; CCL 35,
52)
i. For example, Heidegger's articulations of
how "Being-in-the-world" is described
through thinking about seeing: "The
remarkable priority of 'seeing' was noticed
particularly by Augustine, in connection with
his Interpretation of concupiscentia."
Heidegger then quotes theConfessions:
"Seeing belongs properly to the eyes. But
we even use this word 'seeing' for the other
senses when we devote them to
cognizing... We not only say, 'See how that
shines', ... 'but we even say, 'See how that
sounds'". Being and Time, Trs. Macquarrie &
Robinson. New York: Harpers, 1964, p. 171.
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95. Cross, Frank L.; Livingstone, Elizabeth,
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96. Augustine of Hippo, Enchiridion, 110
97. Augustine of Hippo, De Sancta
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98. Augustine of Hippo, De Sancta
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99. Augustine of Hippo, De Genesi ad
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ad literam, 2:9
100. Augustine of Hippo, On the Literal
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VIII, 6:12, vol. 1, pp. 192–93 and 12:28, vol.
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101. Augustine of Hippo, On the Literal
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102. Augustine of Hippo, Nisi radicem mali
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103. Non substantialiter manere
concupiscentiam, sicut corpus aliquod aut
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104. Marius Mercator Lib. subnot.in verb.
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Gerald. Rufinus of Syria and African
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105. Bonner, G (1986). St. Augustine of
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106. Augustine of Hippo, De gratia Christi et
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107. Augustine of Hippo, Against Two
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108. Brown, p. 35
109. "The Manichaean Version of Genesis
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Translated from the Arabic text of Ibn al-
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113. See: Sfameni Gasparro, G. (2001).
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protologiche della continenza e della
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e nello gnosticismo. Studia Ephemeridis
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hdl:2042/712 . ISSN 0035-2012 .. Cf. John
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114. Gerson, Lloyd P. Plotinus. New York:
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Enlaces externos
General
Bibliography
Augustine of Hippo at
EarlyChurch.org.uk – extensive
bibliography and on-line articles
Bibliography on St. Augustine Started
by T.J. van Bavel O.S.A., continued at the
Augustinian historical Institute in
Louvain, Belgium
Works by Augustine
Order of St Augustine
Blessed Augustine of Hippo: His Place
in the Orthodox Church
Augustine's World: An Introduction to
His Speculative Philosophy by Donald
Burt, OSA, member of the Augustinian
Order, Villanova University
Tabula in librum Sancti Augustini De
civitate Dei by Robert Kilwardby,
digitized manuscript of 1464 at SOMNI
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