Memoria Simposio Mof España
Memoria Simposio Mof España
Memoria Simposio Mof España
Prefacio
Es para nosotros un gran placer poder celebrar el 1er SIMPOSIO SOBRE PROPIEDADES Y
APLICACIONES DE MOFs y COFs. Actualmente existen en el territorio español diversos
grupos de investigación que se dedican a esta temática de relevancia creciente, y creemos
que es importante promover una mayor interacción entre nosotros, que permita dar a conocer
las diferentes líneas de trabajo y fortalecer nuestra red de contacto.
Este primer encuentro ha tenido una muy buena acogida, y muestra de ello es el elevado
número de comunicaciones que hemos recibido. Teniendo en cuenta la corta duración del
simposio, ha sido imposible encajar en el programa todas las solicitudes de comunicación
oral, aunque se ha intentado que haya la mayor representación posible para que todos los
grupos puedan dar a conocer sus líneas de investigación.
1er Simposium sobre Propiedades y Aplicaciones de MOFs y COFs
Índice
1. Programa 3
3. Comunicaciones orales 7
4. Pósteres 35
5. Lista de participantes 51
Patrocinadores / Instituciones
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1er Simposium sobre Propiedades y Aplicaciones de MOFs y COFs
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Programa
Jueves, 9 de Abril
Registro
08:30 – 09:00
Patio Edificio Mecenas (Facultad de Ciencias)
Ceremonia de Apertura
09:00 – 09:10 Sala de conferencias Edificio Mecenas
Moderadores: Jorge A. Rodríguez Navarro y Daniel Maspoch
CO1 – Jorge A. Rodríguez Navarro (Univ. Granada)
09:10 – 09:35
MOFs para la captura de gases de interés medioambiental y aplicaciones biomédicas
CO2 – Catalina Ruiz Pérez (Univ. La Laguna)
09:35 – 10:00
Metal-Organic Frameworks as Highly Efficient Sorbents of Organic Pollutants
CO3 – Abderrazzak Douhal (Univ. Castilla-La Mancha)
10:00 – 10:25
MOFs for Drugs Delivery and Nanophotonics
CO4 – Sonia Aguado (Univ. Alcalá de Henares)
10:25 – 10:40
MOFs as antimicrobial materials
CO5 – Antonio Rodríguez Diéguez (Univ. Granada)
10:40 – 10:55
Diseño de Redes Metal-Orgánicas
10:55 – 11:30 Pausa Café (Hall de la Facultad de Ciencias)
CO6 – Sofía Calero (Univ. Pablo de Olavide)
11:30 – 11:55
Molecular Simulations in Porous Materials: Environmental and Technological Applications
CO7 – Carlos Palomino (Univ. Islas Baleares)
11:55 – 12:20 Adsorción de gases en redes Metalo-Orgánicas: estudio espectroscópico y termodinámico
mediante espectroscopía infrarroja a temperatura variable (VTIR)
CO8 – Mirian E. Casco (Univ. Alicante)
12:20 – 12:45
Gas-induced flexibility of ZIF-8 in confined nanospace
CO9 – Fernando Maya (Univ. Islas Baleares)
12:45 – 13:00 Strategies for the application of Metal-Organic Frameworks as high-performance sorbents
for solid-phase extraction
CO10 – Rocío Bueno Pérez (Univ. Pablo de Olavide)
13:00 – 13:15
Separation of Organic Solvents by Metal-Organic Frameworks
CO11 – Pilar Amo-Ochoa (Univ. Autónoma de Madrid)
13:15 – 13:30 Polímero de Coordinación con Respuesta Eléctrica Reversible y Controlada a Cambios
Físicos y Químicos
13:30 – 15:00 Pausa Almuerzo
CO12 – Inhar Imaz (ICN2)
15:00 – 15:25
Nanoscale MOFs: Synthesis, Toxicity and New Properties
CO13 – Joaquín Coronas (INA – UZ)
15:25 – 15:50 Approach to MOF based mixed matrix membranes and encapsulation from solubility
parameters
CO14 – Félix Zamora (Univ. Autónoma de Madrid)
15:50 – 16:15 Síntesis, caracterización y deposición controlada en superficie de COFs basados en
poliiminas
CO15 – José A. Real (Univ. Valencia)
16:15 – 16:40 Química de Inclusión y Comportamiento “Spin Crossover” en Polímeros de Coordinación
Porosos de Hierro (II)
CO16 – Sara Sorribas (INA – UZ)
16:40 – 16:55 Nanofiltración de disolventes orgánicos mediente el uso de membranas nanocompuestas
de película delgada basadas en MOFs
CO17 – Edurne Serrano (Univ. País Vasco)
16:55 – 17:10 Polímeros de Coordinación con Centros Metálicos en Entornos de Coordinación Variables:
Posibles Aplicaciones.
17:10 – 18:30 Sesión de Póster y Café * (Hall de la Facultad de Ciencias)
20:30 Programa Social (Cena Restaurante Las Tomasas – Albayzín)
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1er Simposium sobre Propiedades y Aplicaciones de MOFs y COFs
Viernes, 10 de Abril
CO18 – Felipe Gándara (ICMM – CSIC)
09:00 – 09:25
Preparation and properties of new group-13 based Metal-Organic Frameworks
CO19 – Manuel Sánchez-Sánchez (ICP – CSIC)
09:25 – 09:50
Preparation of MOF materials in water at room temperature
CO20 – Oscar Castillo (Univ. País Vasco)
09:50 – 10:15 Unravelling the growth of supramolecular metal-organic frameworks (SMOFs) based on
metal-nucleobase entities
CO21 – Ana Belén Lago (Univ. Vigo)
10:15 – 10:30
Estudio del comportamiento dinámico en diferentes sistemas metal-orgánicos
CO22 – Garikoitz Beobide (Univ. País Vasco)
10:30 – 10:45 Two appealing alternatives for MOFs synthesis: solvent-free oven heating vs microwave
heating
10:45 – 11:20 Pausa Café (Hall de la Facultad de Ciencias)
CO23 – Guillermo Calleja (Univ. Rey Juan Carlos)
11:20 – 11:45
MOFs para adsorción selectiva de H2 y CO2 y catálisis ácida
CO24 – Marta E. González Mosquera (Univ. Alcalá de Henares)
11:45 – 12:10 Aminocarboxylate moieties as linkers for coordination polymers. Influence of the
substituents in the final structure
CO25 – Félix Sánchez (IQO – CSIC)
12:10 – 12:35
MOFs Multifuncionales y sus Aplicaciones Catalíticas
CO26 – Guillermo Mínguez Espallargas (Univ. Valencia)
12:35 – 13:00
Responsive magnetic MOFs: effects of chemical stimuli
CO27 – Gisela Orcajo (Univ. Rey Juan Carlos)
13:00 – 13:15 Síntesis y caracterización de materiales MOF-74 con centros metálicos mixtos para la
adsorción de H2
CO28 – Manuel Díaz García (IPC – CSIC)
13:15 – 13:30 Función de los metales rédox de los catalizadores M-MOF-74 nanocristalinos en la
oxidación de ciclohexeno
Mesa Redonda (Moderadores: Jorge A. Rodríguez Navarro y Daniel Maspoch)
13:30 – 14:00
Clausura Reunión
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1er Simposium sobre Propiedades y Aplicaciones de MOFs y COFs
P10 About the possibility of control the thermal expansion Salvador Rodríguez Gómez
using metal organic frameworks (Univ. Pablo de Olavide)
P12 Colloidal Stability and Drug Delivery Properties of Sara Rojas Macías
isorreticular Zinc-Pyrazolate NanoMOFs (Univ. Granada)
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email: [email protected]
[1] Rojas, S., Quartapelle-Procopio, E., Carmona, F. J., Romero, M. A., Navarro, J. A. R., Barea, E., J.
Mater. Chem. B, 2014, 2, 2473-2477.
[2] López-Maya, E., Montoro, C., Colombo, V., Barea, E., Navarro. J. A. R., Adv. Func. Mater. 2014,
24, 61301.
[3] López-Maya, E., Montoro, C., Rodríguez-Albelo, L. M., Aznar-Cervantes, S. D., Lozano-Pérez, A.
A., Cenís, J. L., Barea, E., Navarro, J. A. R. enviado para su publicación.
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1er Simposium sobre Propiedades y Aplicaciones de MOFs y COFs
Catalina Ruiz-Pérez,a Priscilla Rocio-Bautista,b Carla Martínez-Benito,a Jorge Pasán,a Verónica Pino,b
Beatriz Rasines,a Juan H. Ayala,b Ana M. Afonso b
a
Laboratorio de Rayos X y Materiales Moleculares (MATMOL), Departamento de Física, Facultad de
Ciencias (Sección Física). Universidad de La Laguna. 38206 La Laguna, Tenerife (Spain).
b
Departamento de Química (División de Analítica), Facultad de Ciencias (Sección Química).
Universidad de La Laguna. 38206 La Laguna, Tenerife (Spain).
email: [email protected]
Organic pollutants constitute a major concern for public health, thus being included in a number of
environmental pollution monitoring programs. Among them, conventional and emerging pollutants are
included. Conventional pollutants, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), derived from the
petroleum industry and incomplete combustion of organic matter, are recognized by their
carcinogenic, mutagenic and teratogenic activity. Emerging pollutants are not exactly new compounds
that have been discovered. Their presence in the environment is well-known, but their potential risk for
life was not pointed out until very recently. Therefore, they are starting to be included in monitoring
regulations. For example, parabens (esters of p-hydroxybenzoic acid) are commonly used as
preservatives in cosmetic products. They belong to the group of pharmaceutical and personal care
products (PCPs), and have been also pointed out as emerging contaminants. It has been claimed that
continuous exposure to parabens, even at low concentrations, generates alterations in the endocrine
system of several organisms.
Clearly, it is of the utmost importance the development of efficient and sensitive analytical methods for
determining the presence of organic pollutants in a number of matrices, such as human fluids and
obviously environmental waters, which constitute the final sink of all environmental contaminants [1].
Given their low levels of emerging and conventional pollutants in aqueous samples (but being risky at
those levels), extraction and pre-concentration methods are required for their determination, as prior
step of chromatographic analysis.
Investigations on analytical chemistry applications of MOFs are relatively
lagging behind other topics. Nevertheless, the situation has started to
change since 2006 [3]. Zhou et al. reported the first example of MOFs used
in analytical chemistry, specifically employing the material as a sorbent to
trap eight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from waters using an
on-line solid phase extraction (SPE) method. Although on-line SPE has the
advantages of automation, MOFs with suitable particle size and good
mechanical stability for on-line SPE are currently quite limited. In any case,
a number of MOFs have been explored as novel sorbents for diverse SPE
applications, mainly under the SPE variant matrix solid-phase dispersion
(MSPD) but not necessarily in on-line approaches, and combined with high-
performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) or gas chromatography (GC),
as determination techniques.
This work shows the applicability of several MOFs as efficient sorbents to
trap organic pollutants from environmental samples, as a prior step of their
chromatographic determination. Specifically, efforts have been shifted to the
use of MOFs in a miniaturized solid-phase extraction approach in dispersive
mode (D-μ-SPE) followed by HPLC for determining parabens.
[1] W. Xua, X. Wang and Z. Cai., Anal. Chim. Acta, 2013, 790, 1–13.
[2] Y. Y. Zhou, X. P. Yan, K. N. Kim, S. W. Wang and M. G. J. Liu., J. Chromatogr. A, 2006, 1116,
172–178.
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1er Simposium sobre Propiedades y Aplicaciones de MOFs y COFs
email: [email protected]
Metal-Organic Framework (MOF) materials are of great interest in science and technology in which
they can be used for gas storage, catalysis, drug delivery, and sensing [1-3]. Exploring the
spectroscopy and photodynamics involving the interactions between the MOF parts (ligand-ligand, and
ligand-metal) and MOF-trapped molecules is fundamental to a better understanding of their stability
and working scheme in photocatalysis, photonics and drug photodelivery.
In this work, we will show and discuss results of our effort to use MOFs as drugs nanocarriers and
controlled photorelease (3), and to understand the photodynamics of Zr-NDC MOF and complexed
with coumarin 153 in suspensions. The steady-state observation shows evidence of ligand-metal
interaction, while the time-resolved one gives direct information on ligand-ligand and ligand-guest
interactions. We observed excimers formation and energy-transfer events within the complexes. By
selecting the right loading amount of C153, it is possible to generate emission in a 360 to 650 nm
spectral window.
I will discuss these results in terms of sensing, nanophotonics and drugS photodelivery.
References:
[1] Kreno, L. E.; Leong, K.; Farha, O. K.; Allendorf, M.; Van Duyne, R. P.; Hupp, J. T. Chem. Rev.
2011, 112 (2), 1105-1125.
[2] Sun, C.-Y.; Wang, X.-L.; Qin, C.; Li, P.; Su, Z.-M.; Zhu, D.-X.; Shan, G.-G.; Shao, K.-Z.; Wu,H.; Li,
J. Nat. Commun. 2013, 4, 2717
[3] di Nunzio, M. R.; Agostoni, V.; Cohen, B.; Gref, R.; Douhal, A. J. Med. Chem. 2013, 57 (2), 411-
420.
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New developments are increasingly focused on the development of materials of complex chemical
functionalization in order to impart tailored chemical and physical properties [1]. The release of metal
ions contained in the structure of MOF makes them attractive antimicrobial materials for applications in
which a tunable antibiotic is required. Silver, however, is an expensive metal and the indiscriminate
use of it in many consumer goods is suspected to promote not only a general toxic risk but also
bacterial resistance [2]. The purpose of this study was to prepare and test a biocidal composite
material consisting of a cobalt-based MOF embedded in an electrospun polymeric matrix based on
polylactic acid (PLA). PLA is derived from renewable resources and displays higher natural
hydrophilicity than conventional thermoplastic polymers as a result of better access of water to the
polar oxygen linkages in the backbone. This fact has been shown to improve water fluxes and reduce
the biofouling tendency of membranes made of PLA [3]. PLA also displays a good spinnability. The
composite Co-MOF-PLA material is intended for use in antimicrobial applications such as the
preparation of antibacterial tissues or the production of membranes for water treatment.
Co-SIM-1 (cobalt-based Substituted Imidazolate Material) is a novel analogue of its zinc-based parent
SIM- 1. It consists of CoN4 tetrahedra linked by carboxylimidazolate, belongs to the class of ZIF or
ZMOF materials and is isostructural to ZIF-8 and ZIF-67. Co-SIM-1 was synthesized by solvothermal
procedure reported elsewhere [4]. A NANON-01A electrospinning unit was used to prepare composite
mats. 7 wt. % PLA solution was prepared by dissolving the required amount of PLA pellets in DCM.
Co-SIM-1 was dispersed in a 2.5 wt. % PVP solution in DCM by mechanical stirring followed by
sonication. The microorganisms used in this study were Pseudomonas putida and Staphylococcus
aureus. Both belong to genus with species identified as biofilm forming microorganisms in biofouled
surfaces such as membranes and medical devices.
The antimicrobial results with Co-SIM-1 showed that the controlled release of cobalt gave rise to a
long-lasting antibacterial activity with the advantage with respect to silver that it is a relatively
inexpensive element, still active for bacteria but less toxic than silver [5]. Co-SIM-1 particles consist of
aggregates of several microns formed by up to several tens of primary particles. The dispersant
becomes finally included in PLA mats without any evidence of phase segregation or preferential
location inside electrospun fibers. SEM images of Co-SIM-1/PLA material show a clear reduction of
bacterial colonization and biofilm growth. This fact indicates that cobalt released from fibers passed
through the PLA encapsulating MOF and prevented microbial growth in all the environment of loaded
mats. Fluorescent stains were used for the simultaneous identification of viable and non-viable cells.
The results showed an increase in non-viable cells for 6 wt. % Co-SIM-1 mats of up to 40 % for P.
putida, with a parallel decrease in viable microorganisms. This result is in good agreement with the
quantitative data obtained from stained cells and indicates that, Co-SIM-1 biocidal effect is exerted
independently of its interaction with PLA or PVP in fibers.
References
[1] Cohen, S. Chem. Rev., 2012, 112, 970.
[2] Merlino, J.; Kennedy, P. Microbiology Australia, 2010, 31, 168
[3] Moriya, A.; Maruyama, T.; Ohmukai, Y.; Sotani, T.; Matsuyama, H. J. Membr. Sci., 2009, 342, 307.
[4] Aguado, S.; Quirós, J.; Canivet, J.; Farrusseng, D.; Boltes, K.; Rosal, R. Chemosphere, 2014, 113, 188-192.
[5] Alonso, A.; Muñoz-Berbel, X.; Vigués, N.; Macanás, J.; Muñoz, M.; Mas, J.; Muraviev, D. Langmuir, 2012, 28,
783.
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Las Redes Metal-Orgánicas son una clase de materiales cristalinos constituidos por iones metálicos
unidos a través de ligandos orgánicos, que pueden conferir ciertas propiedades a los materiales, y
que actúan como espaciadores generando una red tridimensional rígida. En los últimos años, este
campo de investigación ha experimentado una apreciable evolución como consecuencia del empleo
de estos materiales en procesos de separación, adsorción de gases, sensores, catálisis heterogénea,
magnetismo y aplicaciones biológicas.[1] Una estrategia de síntesis de estas redes consiste en el
ensamblaje de iones metálicos y ligandos multitópicos, empleando para ello tanto síntesis hidrotermal
como rutas convencionales. Concretamente, nosotros utilizamos principalmente ligandos de tipo
carboxilato y piridínico con los que hemos obtenido una gran variedad de materiales
multidimensionales con interesantes propiedades en el campo del magnetismo, adsorción y
luminiscencia.[2] En esta comunicación se pretende dar una amplia visión de los materiales que
estamos sintetizando, mostrando tanto las arquitecturas moleculares como las propiedades exhibidas
por los mismos. Concretamente, haremos especial hincapié en los materiales sintetizados con iones
cadmio (II), zinc (II) y algunos metales lantánidos empleando linkers dipiridínicos y diferentes ligandos
dicarboxílicos.
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email: [email protected]
With the increasing demand for efficient, environmentally friendly, and energy saving procedures,
porous materials with tailored structures and tuneable surface properties are of wide spread use and
this is only expected to intensify in the future. Knowledge of the adsorption and diffusion behaviour as
a function of molecular composition and morphology is essential for an informed choice of material for
a given application. Molecular Simulations are ideally suited to identify improved structures for
adsorption applications and to guide the design of new materials. Efficient simulation methodology and
accurate force field potentials are essential to reach this goal. Much progress has been made in the
search of fast and efficient simulation and screening methods, but the development of good,
transferable force fields, and accurate models for flexible structures is still a formidable challenge. We
perform molecular simulations to study the adsorption and diffusion behaviour of a variety of
molecules on metal-organic frameworks. These are a relative new class of porous materials with
potential applications in molecular adsorption, gas separation, and storage/release applications due to
their good stability, large void volumes, and well-defined cavities of uniform size. As an example we
can study structural deformation upon adsorption, identify the preferential adsorption sites as a
function of pressure, temperature and humidity, study the effect of functionalization of open metal site
find non accessible places by comparing our results with experimental data, analyse molecular
diffusion inside the pores, or study the framework composition and the mechanisms behind the
instability of MOFs in humid environments.
Using simulations we can evaluate the potential of existing (and even hypothetical) zeolites and metal-
organic frameworks and possibly provide guidelines for next-generation adsorption materials. The
knowledge provided by the simulations may guide the prediction of adsorption properties of a given
material, to fine-tune this material for a particular application and also to steer the experimental effort
in successful directions.
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El actual uso de combustibles fósiles, principalmente carbón, petróleo y gas natural, como fuente de
energía se enfrenta a dos serias limitaciones: (i) la progresiva escasez de tales combustibles (y la
consiguiente dependencia de los países productores), y (ii) los problemas derivados de la emisión a la
atmósfera de CO2 y de gases tóxicos. Debido a ello, en la actualidad se están multiplicando los
esfuerzos realizados para facilitar el desarrollo, por una parte, de fuentes de energía alternativa y, por
otra, de métodos eficientes para la eliminación de los gases contaminantes, que resultan del uso de
combustibles fósiles para la producción de energía. Tanto para el almacenamiento y transporte
eficiente del hidrógeno (que constituye un potencial vector de energía), como para la eliminación de
gases nocivos (principalmente CO2) producidos en las centrales térmicas es deseable desarrollar
adecuados adsorbentes. De entre los principales materiales estudiados, las redes metalo-orgánicas
(MOFs), gracias a su elevada superficie específica y alta porosidad, junto con la posibilidad de
desarrollar métodos de síntesis que permitan controlar de modo efectivo tanto la composición química
como la estructura porosa, se han convertido en candidatos prometedores para la captura y
almacenamiento de diversos gases [1].
[1] J. -R. Li, R. J. Kuppler, H. -C. Zhou, Chem. Soc. Rev., 2009, 1477.
[2] C. O. Areán, D. Nachtigallová, P. Nachtigall, E. Garrone and M. R. Delgado, Phys. Chem. Chem.
Phys., 2007, 1421.
[3] E. Garrone and C. O. Areán, Chem. Soc. Rev., 2005, 846.
Agradecimientos: Los autores agradecen la financiación recibida por Ministerio Español de Economía y
Competitividad (Proyecto CTQ2013-47461-R) y por el “Programa Pont la Caixa per a grups de recerca de la
UIB”. C.P.C agradece al Ministerio Español de Educación y Ciencia (beca predoctoral).
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Zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIFs) have emerged as a promising family of microporous materials
with excellent properties for gas storage and separation.1 Similar to other metal-organic frameworks
(MOFs), these materials exhibit a highly developed porous structure (high porosity and surface area)
constituted by transitions metal atoms interconnected by tailored imidazole linkers. In contrast with
other MOFs, they present an improved chemical and thermal stability. Among them, ZIF-8 is a very
interesting material not only due to the associated molecular sieving properties (ZIF-8 exhibits narrow
windows of 3.40 Å) but also to the framework flexibility observed for certain probe molecules below
atmospheric pressure. Initial experiments using a diamond anvil cell have anticipated these structural
changes in ZIF-8 at pressures as high as 1.47 GPa.2 This structural flexibility has been further
confirmed by grand-canonical Monte Carlo (GCMC) simulations and in-situ X-ray diffraction.3,4
Theoretical calculations suggest the presence of a swing effect of the imidazolate rings upon gas
adsorption that provokes an enlargement of the window size without any significant differences in
either the free volumes or surface area of the material.4
The excellent adsorption properties of MOFs are usually associated with an important structural
instability at the high pressures required for any conforming step.5 A possible solution to improve the
mechanical and thermal stability of these materials, in addition to other properties such as moisture
resistance, electrical/thermal conductivity, etc., would be the encapsulation of these nanocrystals in
highly developed rigid porous networks (3D graphene, activated carbons, etc.), provided that they can
retain or improve their excellent adsorption properties.
To this end, this paper evaluates the encapsulation and growth of ZIF-8 nanocrystals in the porous
cavities of special activated carbons combining a highly developed micro-/meso- and macroporous
structure (SBET above 3500 m2/g). Experimental results show that ZIF-8 grown in the presence of the
activated carbon retains the textural properties of the original ZIF-8, independently of the ZIF/AC ratio.
Interestingly, nitrogen adsorption measurements at cryogenic temperatures show that encapsulated
ZIF-8 nanocrystals preserve the structural flexibility in the confined nanospace, in close agreement
with the absence of volumetric change suggested by GCMC.
References
[1] G. Férey, Chem. Soc. Rev. 2008, 37, 191.
[2] S. Moggach, T. Bennett, A. Cheetham, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2009, 48, 7087.
[3] D. Fairen-Jimenez, S.A. Moggach, M.T. Wharmby, P.A. Wright, S. Parsons, T. Düren J. Am. Chem.
Soc. 2011, 133, 8900.
[4] D. Fairen-Jimenez, R. Galvelis, A. Torrisi, A. D. Gellan, M. T. Wharmby, P. A. Wright, C. Mellot-
Draznieks, T. Düren. Dalton Trans. 2012, 41, 10752-10762.
[5] M.E. Casco, M. Martinez-Escandell, E. Gadea-Ramos, K. Kaneko, J. Silvestre-Albero, F.
Rodriguez-Reinoso, Chem. Mater. 2015, DOI: 10.1021/cm5042524.
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a
Departamento de Química. Facultad de Ciencias. Universidad de las Islas Baleares. 07122 Palma
de Mallorca (Spain).
email: [email protected]
The development of new materials with enhanced physical and chemical properties is crucial for the
advancement of the analytical sciences [1]. Recently, 3D porous coordination polymers (PCPs)
including metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) [2], have shown interesting properties for the
improvement of analytical separations and sample preparation/purification [3]. However, the
morphology of these materials typically composed by particles or crystals with an irregular size
distribution and morphology, makes difficult their application as sorbents for analytical separations.
This kind of applications are often based on packings of spherical beads on flow-through supports,
which are difficult to implement when packings of particles with irregular size and shape are used. In
order to benefit from the inherent high porosity and enhanced selectivity of MOFs for analytical
applications, incorporation of MOFs into appropriate supports have to be engineered [4].
In this communication we describe different alternatives developed in our research group to facilitate
the use of MOFs in the analytical field. These are based on:
- The development of an automated method for the flow-based controlled step-by-step coating of
extraction supports based on functionalized polymers, obtaining hybrid polymer/MOF flow-through
supports. The step-by-step growth of MOFs using liquid phase epitaxy enables the controlled growth
of thin layers of MOFs on functional surfaces [6]. However, the fabrication of dense MOF coatings
following this approach is very time-consuming. Using the developed automated approach, dense
coatings (>100 MOF cycles) are accomplished automatically, obtaining hybrid supports with improved
features for the extraction of phthalate esters catalogued as priority pollutants.
Additionally, ongoing research based on the application of magnetic MOFs for sample preparation will
be briefly described.
The authors thank the Government of Spain for financial support (Project CTQ2013-47461-R) and the
Government of the Balearic Islands for F.M. postdoctoral fellowship.
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1er Simposium sobre Propiedades y Aplicaciones de MOFs y COFs
The amyl alcohols are a group of compounds which play an important role as organic solvents in the
chemical industry. This group, also known as n-pentyl alcohols, is composed of 1-pentanol (1P) and
seven structural isomers: 2-, and 3-pentanol (2P, 3P), 2-, and 3-methylbutanol (2MB, 3MB), 2-, and 3-
methyl-2-butanol (2M2B, 3M2B), and 2,2-dimethylpropanol (22DMP). Their recovery after synthesis
implies a process of distillation, which is difficult due to their similar boiling points. From this
perspective, searching for an alternative method of purification of these isomers would help to reduce
the expenses and the environmental burden, as well as to generate purer compounds.
To this end, we focused on the HMOF-1[1] and ZIF-77[2]. The chiral linker of HMOF-1 defines one-
dimensional helicoidal channels running in one direction and zigzag pores running perpendicular. ZIF-
77 is characterised by a 2D system of wider and narrower channels. These topologies and features
suggest a high selectivity and potential for separation of mixtures besides their high adsorption
capacity.
Figure 1. Adsorption isotherm of an equimolar ternary mixture at 298K in HMOF-1 (left) and ZIF-77
(right).
We studied through molecular simulations the behaviour of each compound and mixtures thereof in
the structures and evaluate the suitability of these structures for the separation of pentanol isomers.
We found out that HMOF-1 and ZIF-77 show selective adsorption but their preferential adsorption is
slightly different. As well, the shape, bulkiness, and configuration of each molecule have also an
important influence on the selectivity. 1-pentanol, which is the only linear molecule, is always
preferentially adsorbed over other isomers in a mixture for both structures (Figure 1). 2-methyl-2-
butanol and 2,2-dimethylpropanol, which are specially bulky, are not adsorbed in ZIF-77 and they are
the least favoured to be adsorbed in HMOF-1.
Thus HMOF-1 and ZIF-77 are suitable structures for purification applications in combination. HMOF-1
is able to separate 1-pentanol from a mixture with 3-methyl-2-butanol, 2-methyl-2-butanol and/or 2,2-
dimethylpropanol, excluding these molecules from being adsorbed. ZIF-77 is selective towards 2-
pentanol, 3-pentanol, 2-methylbutanol or 3-methylbutanol in a mixture with 2-methyl-2-butanol, 2,2-
dimethylpropanol and/or 3-methyl-2-butanol, although the adsorption capacity is not as high as in
HMOF-1. Finally, ZIF-77 can separate 2-pentanol, 3-pentanol, 2-methylbutanol and 3-methylbutanol,
especially when forming in binary mixtures.
REFERENCES
[1] C. D. Wu and W. Lin, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 2007, 46, 1075.
[2] R. Banerjee, A. Phan, B. Wang, C. Knobler, H. Furukawa, M. O’Keeffe and O. M. Yaghi, Science,
2008, 939-943.
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1er Simposium sobre Propiedades y Aplicaciones de MOFs y COFs
Con el fin de crear nuevos dispositivos moleculares necesitamos materiales inteligentes, materiales
que respondan a excitaciones en los que las propiedades físicas puedan ser moduladas mediante la
aplicación de estímulos externos1,2. En este trabajo presentamos dos polímeros de coordinación
monodimensionales no porosos, basados en cadenas flexibles de Cu(I), yodo y 2-amino-5-
nitropiridina (ANP), polimórficos entre si; de fórmula general [CuI(ANP)]n. Además exponemos un
pseudo polimorfo, [CuI(ANP)]nxnCH3COOH en este caso poroso como modelo de comportamiento.
La genialidad del [CuI(ANP)]n es que presenta variaciones contundentes en su conductividad eléctrica
debido a la temperatura y a la adsorción de moléculas de ácido acético. Estos cambios nos han
permitido desarrollar un dispositivo robusto y simple para la detección de gases.
Figura 1: Estructura del polímero de coordinación 1D [CuI(AN)]n (arriba, izquierda); gráfico resistencia
frente a temperatura del mismo polímero (arriba, derecha); gráfico tiempo frente a conductividad del
polímero sometido a vapores de ácido acético (abajo, izquierda); dispositivo desarrollado para la
detección del gas (abajo, derecha).
[1] E. Coronado, M. Giménez-Marques, G. M. Espallargas, L. Brammer,. Nat. Commun., 2012, 3, Artn
828.
[2] X-C Shan, F-L Jiang, L. Chen, M-Y Wu, J. Pan, X-Y Wana, M-C Hong., J. Mater. Chem. C., 2013,
1, 4339.
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1er Simposium sobre Propiedades y Aplicaciones de MOFs y COFs
Inhar Imaz, Arnau Carné-Sanchez, Javier Ariñez, Carlos Carbonell, Daniel Maspoch
1
Institut Catala de Nanociencia i Nanotecnologia, ICN2, Esfera UAB, Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra,
Spain
2
Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), 08100 Barcelona, Spain
email: [email protected]
Metal-organic framework nanoparticles (also known as nanoscale MOFs or nanoMOFs) are the nano-
sized version of classical MOFs, built up from the controlled assembly of metal ions or higher
nuclearity metal clusters with multitopic organic ligands at the nanometre scale.1 At the nanoscale,
MOFs can show size-dependent properties which, if properly exploited, may expand the scope of
these materials in numerous practical applications, including drug-delivery, contrast agents, sensor
technology, functional membranes and thin-films, while opening up novel avenues to more traditional
storage, separation, and catalysis applications. In this talk, I will show the recent advances in
nanoMOFs developed in our laboratories. First, I will present the progresses on synthesizing
nanoMOF-based materials using our recently reported spray drying technology.2 Then, I will show the
characterization as well as in vitro and in vivo studies of a series of synthesized iconic nanoMOFs to
evaluate their potential toxicity. Finally, the development of new nanoMOFs to exhibit new properties
such as contrast agents3 and their integration on surfaces4 will be presented.
[1] A. Carné, C. Carbonell, I. Imaz, D. Maspoch, Chem. Soc. Rev., 2011, 40, 291.
[2] A. Carné-Sánchez, I. Imaz, M. Cano-Sarabia, D. Maspoch, Nature Chemistry, 2013, 5, 203.
[3] C. Carbonell, K. C. Stylianou, J. Hernando, E. Evangelio, S. A. Barnett, S. Nettikadan, I. Imaz, D.
Maspoch, Nature Communications, 2013, 4, 217.
[4] A. Carné-Sánchez, C. S. Bonnet, I. Imaz, J. Lorenzo, É. Toth, D. Maspoch, J. Am. Chem. Soc.,
2013, 135, 17711.
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1er Simposium sobre Propiedades y Aplicaciones de MOFs y COFs
Membranes based on MOFs for gas or liquid phase applications can be either continuous, prepared
on inorganic or polymeric supports, or composite, when a MOF filler is imbedded in a polymer matrix
[1]. The latter are denominated as mixed matrix membranes (MMMs). Fillers commonly used to
produce MMMs are porous materials such zeolites, ordered mesoporous silica and metal organic
frameworks (MOFs). These MMMs have the advantage of combining the benefits of both phases: the
superior gas transport properties of molecular sieves with the desirable mechanical properties, low
price and good processability of polymers. MMMs cab be prepared by using different MOFs (HKUST-
1, ZIF-8, MIL-68, NH2-MIL-53, etc.) and different polymers such as polysulfone and polyimide. The
MMMs obtained (with different amount of filler loading) are applied to the separation of CO2/N2,
CO2/CH4, O2/N2 and H2/CH4 mixtures finding important permeability-selectivity improvements.
Encapsulation is a process in which an active material or guest is entrapped within another material or
system known also as host, carrier or encapsulant. Recently, we have propose the application of the
so called Hansen solubility parameters (HSP) [2] to the encapsulation of caffeine in MOFs ZIF-8 and
NH2-MIL-88B(Fe) [3]. HSP have classically been applied to the evaluation of solvent-polymer chemical
interactions, but also to study barrier properties and chemical resistance of protective clothing,
prediction of cytotoxic drug interactions with DNA, optimization of the extraction of bioactive
compounds from biomass with subcritical water, identification of an alternative, less toxic solvent used
in a microencapsulation process, and preparation of stable dispersions of TiO2 and hydroxyapatite
nanoparticles in organic solvents, among other examples [4].
Finally, HSP could be used to evaluate as well possible MOF-polymer interaction in an attempt to
rationalize the approach to the preparation of the corresponding mixed matrix membranes. We have
propose this idea in a recent publication [5].
Financial support from the Aragón Government and the ESF is gratefully acknowledged. In addition,
the research leading to these results has received funding from the European Union Seventh
Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under grant agreement n° 608490, project M4CO2.
[1] J. Gascon, F. Kapteijn, B. Zornoza, V. Sebastian, C. Casado, J. Coronas, Chem. Mater., 2012, 24,
2829-2844.
[2] L. Paseta, G. Potier, S. Abbott, J. Coronas, Org. Biomolec. Chem., 2015, 13, 1724.
[3] N. Liédana, A. Galve, C. Rubio, C. Téllez, J. Coronas, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 2012, 4, 5016;
N. Liédana, P. Lozano, A. Galve, C. Téllez, J. Coronas, J. Mater. Chem. B, 2014, 1144-1151.
[4] C. M. Hansen, Eur. Polym. J., 2008, 44, 2741-2748.
[5] B. Seoane, J. Coronas, I. Gascon, M. Etxeberria-Benavides, O. Karvan, J. Caro, F. Kapteijn, J.
Gascon, Metal Organic Framework based Mixed Matrix Membranes: a solution for highly efficient CO2
capture?, Chem. Soc. Rev., 2015, in press.
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1er Simposium sobre Propiedades y Aplicaciones de MOFs y COFs
Félix Zamora,a,b Alejandro de la Peña Ruigómez,a,c David Rodríguez San-Miguel,a,b Ruben Mas-
Ballesté,a José Luis Segurac
a
Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid (Spain).
b
Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados Nanociencia (IMDEANanociencia), 28049 Madrid (Spain)
c
Departamento de Química Organica. Fac. de Ciencias Químicas. Universidad Complutense de
Madrid. Avda. Complutense s/n. 28040 Madrid (Spain).
email: [email protected]
Figura 1: Imagen de AFM del material aislado en superficie (izquierda) y del material depositado en
forma de tiras utilizando “soft-lithography”.
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1er Simposium sobre Propiedades y Aplicaciones de MOFs y COFs
{Fe(bpb)[M(CN)4]}
[Fe(tvp)2(NCS)2]
[1] J. A. Real, E. Andrés, E.; M. C. Muñoz, M. Julve, T. Granier, A. Bousseksou, F. Varret, Science
1995, 265, 268.
[2] M. C. Muñoz, J. A. Real, Coord. Chem. Rev. 2011, 255, 2068.
[3] L. Piñeiro-López, M. Seredyuk, M. C. Muñoz, J. A. Real, Chem. Commun. 2014, 50, 1833.
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1er Simposium sobre Propiedades y Aplicaciones de MOFs y COFs
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1er Simposium sobre Propiedades y Aplicaciones de MOFs y COFs
Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) prepared with group 13 elements as still scarce compared with
transition metal based MOFs, despite these elements are very attractive for their use in applications
such as heterogeneous catalysis[1], or gas adsorption.[2] In our group we have developed several
families of indium based MOFs, which have demonstrated to have excellent activity as catalysts in
various organic transformations. Currently, we are interested in the development of the synthetic
conditions that lead to the obtaining of new MOFs with indium, as well as with other elements of the
same group, i.e., gallium and aluminum. Furthermore, we are also involved in the preparation of multi-
metal MOFs with the combination of these and other elements. Our recent findings show that it is
possible to prepare materials whose activity as catalysts in multicomponent reactions can be modified
and controlled by virtue of the selected metal ratios.
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1er Simposium sobre Propiedades y Aplicaciones de MOFs y COFs
Chemistry of Metal-Organic Frameworks is extraordinarily rich. However, this richness has been
scarcely exploited in their syntheses, which are still widely dominated by environmentally not benign
procedures including solvothermal treatments, harmful solvents, etc.
This work focuses on changing practically the only parameter that has not been altered in the
synthesis of MOFs, i.e. the protonated nature of the linker source. Instead, alkaline salts of organic
linkers have been used. This approach resulted in affording MOF materials in a rapid, cheap and
environmentally friendly way [1,2], allowing for the first time the preparation of high-quality
carboxylate-based MOFs under particularly sustainable conditions including room temperature and
water as the unique solvent. These and some other advantages of this methodology with respect to
the conventional ones are summarized in Figure 1 for the case of the MIL-53(Al) material. Amongst
some other advantages, it is noteworthy to note that the preparation of this material is free of any
linker molecules, avoiding the subsequent calcination step, which is compulsory in the conventional
MIL-53(Al) materials.
H2O
Conventional + Al(NO3)3 + HNO3
method 220 ºC
3 days
Na +
H2O
This work
+ NaNO3
+ Al(NO3)3
RT
A few hours
Na+ -
Nanocrystalline MIL‐53(Al)
Na2BDC
with pores free of H2BDC
Figure 1: Scheme of the new procedure of MOF synthesis applied to the MIL-53(Al) material (bottom)
compared to the conventional method (top), remarking the energetic and environmental advantages
(green text).
This method has been also successfully applied to some other emblematical MOF materials such as
MOF-74 or even MOF-5, the latter in a non-aqueous media [1,2].
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1er Simposium sobre Propiedades y Aplicaciones de MOFs y COFs
The present work provides the basis to obtain 3D extended porous supramolecular assemblies named
Supramolecular Metal-Organic Frameworks (SMOFs). This goal can be achieved by considering three
key factors: (i) the use of rigid building units, (ii) the establishment of predictable and rigid synthons
between the building units and (iii) the non-coplanarity of functional groups involved in the predictable
synthons. Throughout this report we demonstrate the suitability of this synthetic strategy supported by
several SMOFs based on metal-nucleobase entities which fulfill the stated requirements: [Cu(µ-
ade)4Cl2]Cl2 (SMOF-1, SMOF-2; ade = adeninato and X = Cl-, Br-); [Cu(µ-ade)2(µ-Cl)2Cl2] (SMOF-3);
[Co(ThioG)3] (SMOF-4; ThioG = thioguaninato), [Co(Hade)2X2] (SMOF-5, SMOF-6; Hade = adenine
and X = Cl-, Br-), [Cu8(µ3-OH)4(µ4-OH)4(ade)4(µ-ade)4(µ-Hade)2] (SMOF-7; ade = adeninato), [Cu4(µ3–
ade)4(µ–ade)2(pentylNH2)2(CH3OH)2(CO3)2(H2O)2] (SMOF-8; pentylNH2 = 1-pentylamine) and [Cu2(µ–
ade)2(ade)(µ–OH)(H2O)(CH3OH)]n (SMOF-9). SMOF-1, SMOF-2 and SMOF-3 are based on the base
pairing interactions among paddle-wheel shaped dimeric entities leading to a supramolecular crystal
structure containing 1D channels. SMOF-4 is built up from monomeric entities in which bidentate
thioguaninato ligands establish complementary hydrogen bonding interactions in non-coplanar
directions leading to supramolecular layers that are further connected resulting in a porous structure
with 1D channels. The hydrogen bonding interactions among Watson-Crick and sugar edges of
monomeric entities in SMOF-5 give rise to a triply interpenetrated supramolecular framework.
Octameric clusters in SMOF-7 are self-assembled by hydrogen bonding to yield a porous three-
dimensional network. SMOF-8 is built up from tetranuclear units that are linked via base pairing
interactions involving Watson-Crick faces to afford layers whose assembly generates a 2D pore
system. SMOF-9 is in between pure MOFs and SMOFs since it consists of 1D infinite coordination
polymers held together by complementary hydrogen bonding interactions into a 3D supramolecular
porous structure.
Figure 1: Comparison between (a) coordination bonds and (b) hydrogen bonding interactions as
structure directing agents.
[1] G. Beobide, O. Castillo, J. Cepeda, A. Luque, S. Pérez-Yáñez, P. Román and J. Thomas-Gipson,
Coord. Chem. Rev., 2013, 257, 2716.
[2] J. Thomas-Gipson, R. Pérez-Aguirre, G. Beobide, O. Castillo, A. Luque, S. Pérez-Yáñez and P.
Román, Cryst. Growth Des., 2015, DOI: 10.1021/cg501804h.
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1er Simposium sobre Propiedades y Aplicaciones de MOFs y COFs
Así, la optimización de este tipo de compuestos supone en primer lugar el diseño de su síntesis y
aislamiento para luego estudiar las posibles reacciones y transformaciones estructurales, bajo el
efecto de diferentes condiciones experimentales. Para que estas transformaciones tengan lugar, es
necesario un estímulo, es decir, una señal externa o interna capaz de provocar una reacción. Los
efectos más deseables de estas acciones son los que se manifiestan en términos de
formación/ruptura de enlaces fundamentalmente los que pueden provocar un cambio en los números
de coordinación y geometría del centro metálico, dimensionalidad de la red, quiralidad,
interpenetración, etc.
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1er Simposium sobre Propiedades y Aplicaciones de MOFs y COFs
There are many reported synthetic routes for the synthesis of MOFs. The most common one implies
the reaction between a metal salt and a ligand under solvothermal or microwave assisted solvothermal
conditions. In many cases, the employed solvents are expensive and/or toxic hindering the industrial
scale production of MOFs. Thus, green solvents as water and alcohols have gained interest in
solvothermal syntheses. Another option relies on the mechano-chemical synthesis, where the
reagents are subjected to a vigorous and continuous ball-mill grinding. The less common
electrochemical synthesis of MOFs in which metal ions are continuously supplied from a metal anode
to the reaction media containing the ligand and a protic solvent has attracted the interest of chemical
companies. In 2012, it was shown that the solvent-free reaction of a metal oxide or a hydroxide with a
diazole or triazole ligand yields zeolitic metal-azolate frameworks when the reaction mixture is heated
in an oven for 24-48 hours. The lack of solvent makes this novel route more sustainable according to
green chemistry principles and it allows to produce MOFs at much lower prices. Moreover, its
technical simplicity and ease of scaling makes it highly appealing for the massive MOFs production.
Herein we demonstrate that this oven-heated solvent-free route is not limited to metal-azolate
coordination polymers, but probably it could be applied to other MOFs. Additionally, it is shown for the
first time how the dielectric heating through microwave radiation can accelerate the solvent-free
synthesis of MOFs producing microporous materials at astonishing reaction times of few minutes. Five
types of MOFs (ZIF-67, MOF-199, MIL-100(Fe/Cl), MIL-100(Fe/NO3), MBioFs) were prepared by
oven-heating and microwave-heating with a reaction mixture consisting solely of the ligand (2-
methylimidazole, benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylic acid, adenine, monocarboxylic acids) and the metal
source (Co(OH)2, Cu(OOCCH3)2·H2O, FeCl3·6H2O, Fe(NO3)3·9H2O, Ni(OH)2, ZnO). The solid reagents
are grinded together to ensure a homogeneous mixture and placed in the reaction vessel, which is
oven-heated for 10-48 hours, or microwave-heated on a household microwave oven (700 W) using
reaction times between 1 and 20 minutes. The measured adsorption surface area values of the
resulting samples compare well, and in several cases surpassed, the maximum surface area
previously reported for the same compounds prepared using a solvent based synthesis.
Figure 1: Comparison between (a) coordination bonds and (b) hydrogen bonding interactions as
structure directing agents.
[1] Mónica Lanchas, Sandra Arcediano, Andrés T. Aguayo, Garikoitz Beobide, Oscar Castillo, Javier
Cepeda, Daniel Vallejo-Sánchez and Antonio Luque, RSC Advances, 2014, 4, 60409.
[2] M. Lanchas, D. Vallejo-Sánchez, G. Beobide, O. Castillo, A. T. Aguayo, A. Luque and P. Román,
Chem. Commun., 2012, 48, 9930.
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1er Simposium sobre Propiedades y Aplicaciones de MOFs y COFs
Departamento de Tecnología Química, ESCET. Universidad Rey Juan Carlos. 28933 Móstoles,
Madrid (Spain).
email: [email protected]
El grupo de la URJC investiga desde hace años en el diseño y síntesis de estructuras MOF porosas
específicas para la adsorción de moléculas gaseosas de interés, estudiando la incorporación de
centros metálicos expuestos de elevada interacción de distintos metales y variando el tipo de ligando
orgánico. Para la adsorción de hidrógeno y también de CO2, los materiales MOF no solo deben tener
elevada superficie específica y volumen de poro, sino también disponer de sitios de adsorción
específicos que puedan interaccionar selectivamente con los adsorbatos, como son los centros
metálicos expuestos y los grupos funcionales apropiados que proporcionen interacciones fuertes con
las moléculas de adsorbato.
Así, en el almacenamiento de H2, el objetivo es obtener materiales MOF con los metales y ligandos
orgánicos que proporcionen una elevada densidad energética de hidrógeno a presiones moderadas
(capacidades de adsorción volumétrica y gravimétrica destacadas). Para ello, es necesario modificar
estratégicamente algunas de las características estructurales claves en estos materiales, tanto en su
etapa de síntesis como en posteriores tratamientos. Las estrategias seguidas para ello son diversas,
como por ejemplo, la sustitución isomórfica de metales en la estructura de los MOFs, la
encapsulación de macrociclos hidrófobos (tipo éteres corona) dentro de las cavidades de los MOF de
estructura zeolítica (ZMOFs) y el dopaje con diferentes metales para promover el efecto “spillover” del
hidrógeno.
Por otro lado, los materiales MOF ofrecen múltiples variantes para su aplicación en catálisis
heterogénea gracias a los metales insaturados que exhiben en algunos casos, que pueden actuar
como centros ácidos de Lewis o centros con actividad redox, así como otras opciones derivadas de la
post-funcionalización de los ligandos orgánicos o los clústeres metálicos, para obtener materiales con
grupos funcionales diversos. Se pretenden estudiar estas modificaciones de interés en reacciones de
tipo ácido y redox, importantes en áreas de la química fina y la electroquímica. Por ejemplo, se están
estudiando MOFs funcionalizados con grupos sulfónicos, de aplicación en la catálisis ácida, como las
reacciones de acilación y acoplamiento tipo Ullman, y también en reacciones de catálisis básica
como la condensación de Knoevenagel, basadas en la basicidad de materiales funcionalizados con
grupos amino.
Las principales técnicas de caracterización de materiales disponibles en el grupo son: TGA, FT-
IRICP-AES, UV-Vis, análisis elemental y equipos de medidas de propiedades texturales. Además, se
dispone de servicios centrales con DRX, FRX, SEM, TEM y RMN. Para los estudios de adsorción de
hidrógeno, se cuenta con dos equipos de adsorción de gases (uno gravimétrico de alta precisión IGA
y otro volumétrico SSHyP1 para alta presión). Para las pruebas catalíticas se cuenta con la
instalaciones necesarias de laboratorio así como con cromatógrafos de gases para seguimiento de
especies de reacción.
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1er Simposium sobre Propiedades y Aplicaciones de MOFs y COFs
a
Departamento de Química Orgánica y Química Inorgánica. Universidad de Alcalá, 28805-Alcalá de
Henares, Madrid, Spain
email: [email protected]
An important feature of MOFs is that they can show an additional functional group uncoordinated in
the organic connector. Due to the intrinsic ordered structure of the MOFs these functional groups will
be homogenously distributed within the structure and it will be possible to control the distance between
the functionalities by choosing the right organic connectors. However, the main limitation in the
functionalities that can be present in the organic linkers used is the way in which many of these
networks are prepared. As such in many of these frameworks are prepared using solvothermal
synthesis that implies high temperature and pressure. In these conditions there are functional groups
that degrade and do not survive the synthesis process. Fortunately, it has been shown that the
modification of the functional groups is possible once the framework is formed.[1]
In our group we are interested in the preparation of derivatives with an amine or hydroxyl
uncoordinated groups as those are good candidates for post-functionalization reactions.[2] In
particular, we have studied the use of aminobenzoic linkers with an additional amine or hydroxyl
group. Since our aim is also to know the effect on the final structure of this additional functionality, we
have studied the related acids: 3,4-diaminobenzoic (3,4-dabaH), 3,5-diaminobenzoic(3,5-dabaH), and
4-amino-3-hydroxybenzoic (4,3-ahbaH) that show the functionalities in meta- and/or para- positions.
These studies have allowed us to obtain amine-tagged coordination polymers, however when the
hydroxyl functionality is present, strong intermolecular hydrogen bonding interactions (HB) are
generated that limit the nuclearity of the derivatives obtained.
Figure 1.
[1] Hoskins, B.F; Robson, R. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1990, 112, 1546. Wang, Z.; Cohen, S. M. J. Am.
Chem. Soc., 2007, 129, 12368. Cohen, S. M., Chem. Rev., 2012, 112, 970.
[2] F. Fernández-Palacio, J. Restrepo, S. Gálvez, P. Gómez-Sal, M. E. G. Mosquera, CrystEngComm,
2014, 16, 3376-3386
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a
Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid, C/ Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz, nº 3, 28049 Madrid
(Spain)
b
Instituto de Química Orgánica General, c/ Juan de la Cierva, nº 3, 28006 Madrid (Spain)
email: [email protected], [email protected]
Esta serie de trabajos presenta la preparación de MOFs basados en Zr a través del ensamblaje
unidades aromáticas orgánicas a través de nodos metálicos oxigenados de Zr4+ y su posterior
funcionalización con ligandos quirales NNN-pincer (basados en aminopiridiniminas), a los cuales se
incorporan complejos de Rh o Ir. Los materiales multifuncionales resultantes fueron evaluados como
catalizadores en diferentes reacciones consecutivas, tándem o cascada con el fin de determinar su
capacidad para ser empleados como único catalizador en reacciones one-pot que necesiten varios
tipos de centros activos. Se han estudiado en reacciones de condensación tipo Knoevenagel y
posterior hidrogenación del doble enlace, síntesis de aminas secundarias a partir de nitro derivados
[1], N-alquilación de aminas, [2] etc. sin que se observe lixiviado de las especies activas y por lo tanto
puede ser reutilizado en reacciones sucesivas.
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1er Simposium sobre Propiedades y Aplicaciones de MOFs y COFs
Responsive materials for which physical or chemical properties can be tuned by applying an external
stimulus are attracting considerable interest in view of their potential applications as chemical switches
or molecular sensors. A major source of such materials is provided by the so-called metal-organic
frameworks (MOFs), in which incorporation of guest molecules, located in the pores, can cause subtle
changes which affect the magnetic properties.[1] Here we present three different magnetic phenomena
that can have been combined with chemical stimuli: i) magnetic cooperativity; ii) spin-crossover
phenomena; iii) magnetic relaxation.
First, we show that the chemisorption of gaseous HCl molecules by a non-porous one-dimensional
coordination polymer instigates drastic modifications in the magnetic properties of the material,
switching from strong antiferromagnets to ferromagnets upon gas sorption.[2] These conversions result
from profound structural changes, involving cleavage and formation of covalent bonds caused by the
removal/addition of ligands from the framework itself, but with no disruption of crystallinity.
Secondly, we present a family of FeII coordination polymers which shows spin-crossover behaviour
and selectively separates different mixtures of gases. Despite the lack of permanent channels, these
non-porous coordination polymers effectively trap a wide range of gas molecules into the internal
cavities due to the flexible and dynamic nature of the framework. The presence of spin-crossover
centres permits elucidating the strength of the interaction between the gas molecules and the
framework, the strongest response being found for CO2.
Finally, we describe the formation of a MOF with nodes that have single-molecule magnet (SMM)
behaviour, which has been achieved by using mononuclear lanthanoid analogues, also known as
single-ion magnets (SIMs). The incorporation of bulky polyoxometalates (POMs) into the cavities of
the SIM-MOF has been done by anion exchange, which do not interfere with the slow magnetic
relaxation,
[1] E. Coronado, G. Mínguez Espallargas, Chem. Soc. Rev. 2013, 42, 1525.
[2] E. Coronado, M. Giménez-Marqués, G. Mínguez Espallargas, L. Brammer, Nature Commun. 2012,
3, 828.
[3] E. Coronado, M. Giménez-Marqués, G. Mínguez Espallargas, F. Rey, I. J. Vitórica-Yrezábal, J.
Am. Chem. Soc. 2013, 135, 15986.
[4] J. J. Baldoví, E. Coronado, A. Gaita-Ariño, C. Gamer, M. Giménez-Marqués, G. Mínguez
Espallargas, Chem. Eur. J. 2014, 20, 10695.
32
1er Simposium sobre Propiedades y Aplicaciones de MOFs y COFs
Gisela Orcajo, Guillermo Calleja, Carmen Martos, Juan Ángel Botas, José Antonio Villajos
Departamento de Tecnología Química, ESCET. Universidad Rey Juan Carlos. 28933 Móstoles,
Madrid (Spain).
email: [email protected]
La inclusión de centros metálicos expuestos (OMS: “Open Metal Sites”) en materiales MOF es una de
las estrategias más eficaces para aumentar las energías de interacción entre el material adsorbente y
las moléculas de hidrógeno, con objeto de alcanzar los requisitos gravimétricos y volumétricos de
almacenamiento de hidrógeno en vehículos impuesto por el Departamento de Energía de los Estados
Unidos [1]. Entre los materiales MOF con OMS, la familia MOF-74/CPO-27 es bien conocida por
presentar una de las mayores densidades de empaquetamiento de hidrógeno así como una
concentración elevada de centros metálicos expuestos. Por su parte, la sustitución isomórfica parcial
del metal de la estructura por otro metal de transición incrementa el calor isostérico de adsorción de
hidrógeno a medio recubrimiento de este material, tal como hemos confirmado cuando se sustituye
parcialmente el Zn por Co en la fase MOF-74 [2].
En este trabajo se muestran los resultados de la sustitución isomórfica del Co por Ni en la estructura
MOF-74, debido a que son los materiales MOF que actualmente presentan las interacciones más
elevadas con las moléculas de hidrógeno (12 y 13 kJ/mol, respectivamente). Se realizó exitosamente
la síntesis de materiales MOF-74 con clústeres de metal mixtos Co/Ni en diferentes composiciones,
determinando sus propiedades físico-químicas mediante las técnicas de DRX, SEMN/EDS-Mapping
(Fig 1- izquierda), UV-Vis, FT-IR. Además, se comprobaron sus propiedades de adsorción de
hidrógeno a diferentes temperaturas y presiones (Fig 1- derecha).
Ni25Co‐
2.5
2.0 3.4
3.2
Ni25Co-
1.0 Ni50Co- 3.1
Ni75Co-
0.5 Ni-
3.0
Ni75Co‐ 2.9
Zn- 10 11 12 13 14
0.0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14
Presion (bar)
Figura 1: Izquierda-Imágenes SEM y EDS-mapping para níquel (azul) y cobalto (verde). Derecha-
Isotermas de adsorción de hidrógeno a 77K de los materiales tipo MOF-74.
33
1er Simposium sobre Propiedades y Aplicaciones de MOFs y COFs
Las aplicaciones de los MOFs cubren una parte importante de los campos de interés industrial, entre
los que se encuentra el de la catálisis heterogénea. No obstante, la bibliografía científica en este
ámbito adolece de la sistematicidad y profundidad requeridas para plasmar y esclarecer el potencial
catalítico de algunas singularidades de los MOFs, tales como la enorme versatilidad de iones
metálicos, que abarca la práctica totalidad de la Tabla Periódica, o la presencia de centros metálicos
expuestos e insaturados, hasta ahora inéditos en los materiales microporosos convencionales.
Además, raramente se han hecho esfuerzos en síntesis orientados a potenciar la actividad catalítica
en materiales MOFs ya conocidos, como pueden ser la reducción del tamaño de partícula o la
introducción de porosidad jerarquizada.
Todos los catalizadores M-MOF-74 con un M de carácter rédox resultaron significativamente activos
en la oxidación de ciclohexeno [3], de forma que su actividad global se pudo relacionar con su
superficie específica. Sin embargo, el mecanismo de oxidación, que puede tener lugar por vía de
epoxidación o por vía radicalaria, fue determinante para esclarecer el papel catalítico del metal. En
particular, la oxidación radicalaria es no selectiva a la naturaleza del metal, pero la epoxidación se
pudo correlacionar con su potencial rédox, de forma que el metal ideal para epoxidar es aquel que
tiene carácter oxidante (Cu, Co y Mn) y no reductor (Ni), y cuyo potencial rédox, siendo
evidentemente positivo, apenas está por encima de cero para poder completar fácil y rápidamente el
ciclo de oxidación-reducción requerido (mejor Cu que Mn, y éste mejor que Co) (Figura 1B).
80
A Convencional Zn B
Rendimiento epoxidación / %
Cu
60
Potencial rédox E0 > 0
Intensidad / u.a.
Zn Mn
40
Cu Co
Mn
Co (x5) 20
Potencial rédox E0 < 0
Ni (x5) Ni
Zn
0
5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 5 10 15 20 25
2 / º t/h
34
1er Simposium sobre Propiedades y Aplicaciones de MOFs y COFs
35
1er Simposium sobre Propiedades y Aplicaciones de MOFs y COFs
Metal–Organic Frameworks (MOFs) are a new family of crystalline porous solids constructed
by linking metal ions/clusters to organic ligands through coordination bonds. They are characterized
by extremely large surface areas and high structural/compositional flexibility that confer them high
potential for myriad applications, including gas storage, separation, catalysis, drug capture and
delivery, imaging and sensing.1,2 However, beyond the improvements that an adequate design can
induce in the MOF properties,3,4 the optimization and the presence of MOFs in future real applications
must come also from their combination with other type of materials; thereby creating composites. The
combination of MOFs with other functional materials such as inorganic materials has been recently
proposed as a strategy to combine the merits of both components and mitigate the shortcomings.
To date, two main strategies can be distinguished in the synthesis of MOF-based composites,
depending on whether the MOF is synthesized prior the synthesis of the composite or it is synthesized
in situ along with the composites. Thus, MOF-based composites have been synthesized by: i) using
the MOFs as scaffolds; and ii) localizing the MOF synthesis on the surface of other functional
materials.
a b c d e
[1] F. Paolo, B. Dario, H. Anita J. and D. Cara M., Adv. Mater. 2012, 24, 3153-3168.
[2] S. Melinda, Y. Nobuhiro, and G. Steve, Acc. Chem. Res. 2014, 2, 459-469.
[3] Y. Nobuhiro, S. Melinda and G. Steve, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2013, 135, 34-37.
[4] L .Guang, C. Chenlong, Z. Weina, L. Yayuan, and H. Fengwei, Chem. Asian J. 2013, 8, 69–72
36
1er Simposium sobre Propiedades y Aplicaciones de MOFs y COFs
El estrecho tamaño de poro de estos materiales (3.0 y 3.4 Å respectivamente), los hace ideales para la
separación H2 y CO2 de mezclas gaseosas por tamizado, siendo excluidas moléculas más grandes como
N2 y CH4. Se obtuvieron altas selectividades en las separaciones a 35 ºC en las mezclas estudiadas. La
calidad de las membranas permitió la operación a alta temperatura (150 ºC) y presión (4 bar). Los autores
agradecen la financiación recibida al MINECO (MAT2010-15870), DGA y ESF.
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1er Simposium sobre Propiedades y Aplicaciones de MOFs y COFs
Figura 1. (a) Vista de los canales de uno de los MOFs tridimensionales de cobre (b) Isotermas de
adsorción de H2 (círculos), CO2 (rombos) y CH4 (triángulos).
[1] K. Sumida, D.L. Rogow, J.A. Mason, T.M. McDonald, E.D. Bloch, Z.R. Herm, T.-H. Bae, J.R. Long,
Chem. Rev. 2012, 724.
[2] Zhang, F.; Zou, X.; Gao, X.; Fan, S.; Sun, F.; Ren, H.; Zhu, G., Adv. Funct. Mater. 2012, 3583.
38
1er Simposium sobre Propiedades y Aplicaciones de MOFs y COFs
We use molecular simulations to study the adsorption behavior of ethane and ethylene in several
molecular sieves. The separation of these two compounds is a crucial step in many industrial
processes involving the production of ethylene. The current separation methods require great energy
consumption and lead to high cost increases in the ethylene production (> 25%).1 Our aim is to find a
suitable structure to separate ethane from an ethane/ethylene mixture, and to study what effect
nitrogen have in enhancing or hindering this separation process.
Figure 2. Graphical representation of the location of the adsorbates inside ZIF-96 at 800 KPa and 298 K, in 50:50
(left) and 10:10:80 (center and right) mixtures. The surface of the structure is represented in white, ethane
molecules in red, ethylene molecules in orange and nitrogen molecules in yellow.
References
1. Salgado-Gordon, H.J.; Valbuena-Moreno, G. CFT Cienc. Tecnol. Futuro 2011, 4, 73-87
2. Gutierrez-Sevillano, JJ.; Calero, S.; O. Ania, C.; Parra, J. B.; Kapteijn, F.; Gascon, J.; Hamad, S.
J. Phys. Chem. C 2013, 117, 466-471
3. Aguado, S.; Bergeret, G.; Daniel, C.; Farrusseng, D. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2012, 134, 14635-146372
39
1er Simposium sobre Propiedades y Aplicaciones de MOFs y COFs
The persistent threat of terrorist attacks with chemical warfare agents (CWAs) prompts the research
on new protective materials capable of fighting their poisoning effects. Specifically, this kind of
materials must be able to remove toxic chemicals at ambient temperature and humidity conditions.1 In
this context, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) arise as an alternative class of porous materials
characterized by its rational design, high surface areas, thermal stability, catalytic activity and tunable
nature that make them suitable for this kind of application.1
In the present communication, we report different routes to improve the phosphotriesterase like
catalytic activity of the highly robust metal-organic framework [Zr6O4(OH)4(bdc)6] (bdc = benzene-1,4-
dicarboxylate), named UiO-66, for its application as self-detoxifying adsorbent of chemical warfare
agents both as microcrystalline powder and integrated into silk fibroin fabrics. Specifically, we have
studied the impact of the introduction of missing linker defects and/or acidic and basic sites on the
UiO-66 framework on its catalytic activity. Noteworthy, the insertion of lithium tert-butoxide in the Zr6O6
clusters of the activated UiO-66 framework gives rise to a basic catalyst [Zr6O6(bdc)6(LiOtBu)] ([UiO-
66@LiOtBu]) which is highly efficient for the hydrolytic degradation of the model nerve agent
diisopropylfluorophosphate (DIFP) with a half-life of 5 minutes only. Moreover, while the catalytic
activity of pristine UiO-66 is poisoned by the degradation products of chemical warfare agents (CWAs)
(i.e. methylphosphonic acid, phosphoric acid) the catalytic activity of [UiO-66@LiOtBu] is unaffected,
proving the positive effect of LiOR insertion on its self-detoxifying properties. Finally, we also
demonstrate that it is possible to integrate these materials on the surface of silk fibroin fibers leading
to self-detoxifying protective textiles, which complement air permeation with catalytic degradation
properties.
(a)
(b) (c)
100 100 UiO-66 + H2PO3Me
UiO-66 Methylphosphonic acid
UiO-66
[UiO-66@LiOtBu]
UiO-66 UiO66+H3PO4
UiO-66 + H3PO4
% DIFP Hydrolysis
% DIFP Hydrolysis
75 75
[UiO-66@LiO tBu] + H PO Me
UiO-66 + Methylphosphonic
2 3 acid
UiO-66 + H3PO4tBu] +
[UiO-66@LiO H3PO4
50 50
Catalyst filtration
25 25
0 0
0 100 200 300 400 0 100 200 300 400
t (min) t (min)
Figure 1: Hydrolytic degradation reaction of an aqueous solution of DIFP nerve gas simulant (a); DIFP
degradation catalyzed by [UiO-66@LiOtBu] (b) and UiO-66 (c) at room temperature. The poisoning
effect of CWA degradation products, namely, phosphoric and methylphosphonic acids has also been
studied (b,c). The doted line indicates the effect of [UiO-66@LiOtBu] filtration in order to prove the
heterogeneity of the catalytic process.
[1] Barea, E., Montoro, C. & Navarro, J. A. R., Chem. Soc. Rev., 2014, 5419-5430.
40
1er Simposium sobre Propiedades y Aplicaciones de MOFs y COFs
email: [email protected]
En los materiales MOFs, tanto la parte orgánica como la inorgánica, pueden jugar un papel muy
importante en los mecanismos de la reacción catalítica. En particular, los centros metálicos expuestos
pueden actuar como aceptores de electrones, siendo centros ácidos de Lewis. Por esta razón se ha
estudiado la actividad catalítica de los materiales M-MOF-74 (M = Mg, Ni, Cu, Co, Zn) en la reacción
de catálisis ácida de acilación de anisol con cloruro de acetilo. Además, la actividad catalítica de estos
materiales ha sido comparada con la de otros catalizadores de tipo aluminosilicato que presentan
acidez de Lewis, como zeolitas microporosas (ZSM-5) y materiales mesoporosos ordenados (Al-
MCM-41).
Tabla 1. Propiedades texturales y actividad catalítica ácida de los materiales M-MOF en la acilación del anisol
Catalizador SBET (m2/g) VP (cm3/g) Conversion (%)
Sin catalizador 11,3
Mg-MOF-74 710 0.43 33,5
Ni-MOF-74 1120 0.49 37,5
Cu-MOF-74 1126 0.57 64,1
Co-MOF-74 1257 0.56 58,6
Zn-MOF-74 996 0.44 57,6
ZSM-5 544 0.58 18,1
Al-MCM-41 937 0.99 20,5
T: 120ºC; relación equimolar anisol/cloruro de acetilo; [catalizador]: 15% p/p respecto anisol; treacción: 5 h
41
1er Simposium sobre Propiedades y Aplicaciones de MOFs y COFs
One of the main MOFs advantages is the tunable nature of their pores that allow the modulation of
properties like adsorptive, catalytic and ion conductivity. In this sense, we have explored the effect
introduction of missing linkers defects, by postsynthetic treatment with ethanolic solutions of KOH, in
the isoreticular series [Ni8(OH)4(H2O)2(BDP_X)6] (H2BDP_X= 1,4-bis(pyrazol-4-yl)benzene-4-X with X=
H(1), OH(2), NH2(3)) [1]. This treatment leads to partial removal of the organic linkers, deprotonation
of coordinated water molecules of the [Ni8(OH)4(H2O)2]12+ clusters and/or deprotonation of the hydroxo
tags of the BDP_OH linker and introduction of extraframework potassium ions without disrupting the
original fcu topology to yield the systems KX[Ni8(OH)6(H2O)2(BDP_X)6-Y] type (1@KOH, 2@KOH and
3@KOH) (Figure). These features synergistically improve the CO2 capture properties of the
adsorbents due to the presence of charge gradients, coordinatively unsaturated metal centers and
basic sites. Particularly the MOF 2@KOH is able to selectively and reversible capture CO2 in a low
energy demanding process. Moreover, there is a significant increasing of the ion conductive properties
as a consequence of the presence of highly mobile hydroxide ions.
EXTRAFRAMEWORK
MISSING LINKERS CATIONS
KOH/EtOH
- BDP
[1] E. López-Maya, C. Montoro, V. Colombo, E. Barea and J. A. R. Navarro., Adv. Func. Mater., 2014,
24, 61301.
42
1er Simposium sobre Propiedades y Aplicaciones de MOFs y COFs
Catalina Ruiz-Pérez,a Pau Díaz-Gallifa, a Oscar Fabelo, b Jorge Pasán, a Laura Cañadillas-Delgado, c
Francesc Lloret, d Miguel Julve d
a
Laboratorio de Rayos X y Materiales Moleculares (MATMOL), Departamento de Física, Facultad de
Ciencias (Sección Física). Universidad de La Laguna. 38206 La Laguna, Tenerife (Spain).
b
Institut Laue Langevin (ILL), Grenoble (France).
c
Centro Universitario de la Defensa de Zaragoza, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza (Spain).
d
Instituto de Ciencia Molecular (ICMol), Departament de Química Inorgánica, Universitat de València,
Valencia (Spain).
email: [email protected]
The design and construction of metal organic frameworks (MOFs) with well-defined channels/pores
have attracted great interest because of the number of applications owing to guest adsorption, host
removal, and exchange behaviors in the channels. A fascinating property of these systems is the
ability to modify the framework by the guest molecules. Dynamic behavior is not observed in other
inorganic compounds, such as zeolites and nano or mesoporous materials. Although the number of
MOFs increases rapidly, the rational design of systems with external stimulus dependent variable
architectures (e.g., pressure, temperature, light, gas or solvent adsorption) is far from being controlled.
This new class of MOFs has been thoroughly investigated by Férey and Kitagawa research teams,
and according to the dimensionality of the inorganic networks classified into different categories. At
this point, the correct selection of the bridging ligand is of utmost importance. In fact, polycarboxylate-
type ligands have been widely used in the design of polynuclear complexes with shrinking/expanding
networks, in particular the 1,n-dicarboxylate (n = 4 and 5) and 1,3,5-tricarboxylate ones.
Our approach involves the use of the 1,2,4,5-benzenetetracarboxylic acid (H4bta), whose
deprotonated forms have the ability to combine rigidity with a great variety of coordination modes.1
Interestingly, an extraordinary family of MOFs with a shrinking-expanding architecture results from
their interaction with heterodinuclear 3d-4f nodes.2,3
[1] O. Fabelo, J. Pasán, F. Lloret, M. Julve and C. Ruiz-Pérez, CrystEngComm 2007, 9, 815-827.
[2] O. Fabelo, L. Cañadillas-Delgado, J. Pasán, P. Díaz-Gallifa, A. Labrador and C. Ruiz-Pérez,
CrysEngComm 2012, 14(3), 765-767.
[3] P. Díaz-Gallifa, O. Fabelo, L. Cañadillas-Delgado, J. Pasán, A. Labrador, F. Lloret, M. Julve
and C. Ruiz-Pérez, Cryst. Growth Des. 2013, 13, 4735-4745.
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1er Simposium sobre Propiedades y Aplicaciones de MOFs y COFs
About the possibility of control the thermal expansion using metal organic
frameworks
S. R. G. Balestra a, R. Bueno-Pérez a, A. Torres-Knopp b, Dr. S. Hamad a, Dr. D. Dubbeldam b, Dr. A.
R. Ruíz–Salvador a, and Prof. S. Calero a
a
Physical-Chemistry Division, University Pablo de Olavide, Ctra. Utrera km 1, 41013 Seville (Spain)
b
Van’t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH
Amsterdam, The Netherlands
email: [email protected]
Thermal expansion mismatch is at the core of frequent mechanical and thermodynamic problems in a
wide diversity of systems, being a necessity to be solved for advanced industries, like for instance the
aerospace and microelectronic. To overcome this problem, it is desirable to count with materials with
controlled thermal expansion coefficients. Exploiting mechanical properties of MOFs appears as an
interesting new branch in its application horizon. In this work, we have studied the effect due to load
different molecule types over the thermal expansion of IRMOF-1 structure [1]. We have employed
Molecular Dynamics simulations in the isothermal-isobaric ensemble to obtain a detailed atomistic
description of the thermal expansion coefficients. We have found that the flexibility in IRMOF-1
manifests itself in its ability to change the sign of the thermal expansion, depending on load of
molecules per unit cell. The wide spectrum of thermal behaviour of IRMOF-1 loaded with isopropanol
is displayed in Figure 1. The three regimes are observed: NTE, ZTE and PTE. At low temperatures,
the impact of the attractive host-guest interactions on the structure contraction is huge, clearly
observed for high loadings. When the temperature increases the behavior is dependent on the
loadings, below 40 % the NTE regime is operative, above 60 % appears PTE, while ZTE is in
between both values. The general aspects of the material loaded with benzene and propane are quite
similar to that of isopropanol. We have obtained a seven fold increase (3.5%) in cell parameter size
variation, much bigger than the obtained in other materials in literature (0.5%) [2].
References:
[1] Dubbeldam, D. et al. (2007), Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 46: 4496–4499
[2] Tallentire, S. E. Et al. (2013), J. Am. Chem. Soc.,135(34):12849-56
44
1er Simposium sobre Propiedades y Aplicaciones de MOFs y COFs
email: [email protected]
Los COFs (Covalent Organic Frameworks) son un nuevo tipo de material ordenado[1] que presenta
gran interés debido a su posible uso para almacenamiento de gases[2], soporte para catalizadores, en
energía fotovoltaica o como sensores[3]. Sin embargo, los procedimientos solvotermales usados para
su síntesis dificultan su incorporación en dispositivos. El trabajo realizado en nuestro grupo de
investigación ha resultado en la posibilidad de sintetizar en condiciones suaves un COF cristalino, lo
que permite su deposición controlada en superficie.
En este póster se presenta la extensión de dichas condiciones de síntesis a toda una familia de COFs
basados en enlace imina con distintos tamaños de poro y topologías de los monómeros.
45
1er Simposium sobre Propiedades y Aplicaciones de MOFs y COFs
In recent years, there has been a growing interest in the design of new materials in the nanometric
scale as carriers for chemotherapeutic agents. A new class of emerging systems, namely, Metal-
Organic Frameworks (MOFs) at the nanometric scale (nanoMOFs), may address the demand for new
materials for biological and medical applications as a consequence of their tuneable nature.1 With this
aim, we describe the optimization of the synthesis of nanoparticles of the isoreticular metal-organic
framework ZnBDP_X series, based on the assembly of Zn(II) metal ions and the functionalized
organic spacers 1,4-bis(1Hpyrazol-4-yl)-2-X-benzene (H2BDP_X), where X = H, NO2, NH2 and OH.
Furthermore, the physicochemical properties of nanoMOFs (charge, surface chemistry and chemical
and colloidal stability) must be carefully analyzed prior to their application, since these properties will
determine the efficiency and distribution of nanoparticles in the physiological media. In this context, we
have investigated the colloidal stability of the systems showing that ZnBDP_OH has the best
performance. The colloidal stability of the latter system has been studied in different simulated
biological conditions (oral and intravenous). Moreover, we studied the incorporation/desorption of the
antitumor drugs mitoxantrone and [Ru(p-cymene)Cl2(pta)] (pta = 1,3,5-triaza-7-phospaadamantane)
(RAPTA-C) in the ZnBDP_X series as a proof of concept of the effect of the framework
functionalization on the incorporation/delivery of these bioactive molecules.
Intravenous administration
Mitoxantrone
Albumin
X X
X X
ZnBDP_X
H2BDP_X: 1,4-bis(1H-pyrazol-4-yl)benzene
X = H, NO2, NH2, OH
Oral administration
RAPTA-C
Pancreatin & Mucin
[1] (a) E. Quartapelle Procopio, S. Rojas, N. Padial, S. Galli, N. Masciocchi, F. Linares, D. Miguel, J.
E. Oltra, J. A. R. Navarro, E. Barea, Chem. Commun., 2011, 47, 11751-11753; (b) S. Rojas, E.
Quartapelle-Procopio, P. S. Wheatley, B. Gil, B. Marszalek, R. E. Morris, E. Barea, CrystEngComm,
2013, 15, 9364-9367; (c) S. Rojas, E. Quartapelle-Procopio, F. J. Carmona, M. A. Romero, J. A. R.
Navarro, E. Barea, J. Mater. Chem. B, 2014, 2, 2473-2477.
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1er Simposium sobre Propiedades y Aplicaciones de MOFs y COFs
Here we present a brief survey of computer tools and methods particularly beneficial for structural
studies of MOFs, and that can be useful in direct connection to experimental studies. In one hand,
structural design can be accomplished by using our own code Tobunporous, which allows the
automatic atomistic design of a wide range of materials. We show how using it one can construct
structural libraries that can serve either as guide for synthetic work or for helping characterization. We
show the potentials of this code by presenting structural features of 200 ZIFs. On the other hand, we
show a combination of lattice energy minimization with molecular dynamics for predicting structural
changes in MOFs, with particular relevance for flexible solids. This is illustrated by the study of the
structural variations in MOFs under hydrostatic pressure.
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1er Simposium sobre Propiedades y Aplicaciones de MOFs y COFs
Los Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs), son una clase de materiales cristalinos sintéticos constituidos
por iones metálicos enlazados a ligandos orgánicos que actúan como espaciadores generando una
red tridimensional rígida que, en algunos casos, puede ser abierta y accesible a moléculas huésped y
que, además, pueden presentar otras propiedades inherentes al building-block empleado en la
síntesis. De tal forma, se están sintetizando materiales con interesantes aplicaciones en diversos
campos, tales como adsorción, separación, catálisis, magnetismo, luminiscencia y/o liberación
controlada de fármacos.[1]
En esta comunicación se pretende dar una amplia visión de los materiales que estamos sintetizando,
mostrando tanto las arquitecturas moleculares como las propiedades exhibidas por los mismos.
Concretamente, haremos especial hincapié en los materiales sintetizados con iones cadmio (II) y zinc
(II) empleando linkers dipiridínicos y diferentes ligandos dicarboxílicos. Uno de los ligandos
dipiridínicos que estamos utilizando es la 3,6-di(piridin-4-yl)-1,2,4,5-tetrazina. Por ejemplo, cuando
llevamos a cabo las correspondientes reacciones hidrotermales del ligando anterior con nitrato de
cadmio y ácido tereftálico en dimetilformamida se obtienen el siguiente polímero de coordinación
tridimensional {[Cd(terrph)2(dptetr)2](DMF)8}n, respectivamente. Debido a los grandes canales que
exhiben estos materiales se prevé que presenten interesantes propiedades adsorbentes así como
ópticas debido a la presencia del ligando tetrazínico.
[1] K H. Furukawa, N. Ko, Y.B. Go, N. Aratani, S.B. Choi, E. Choi, A.O. Yazaydin, R.Q. Snurr, M.
O’Keeffe, J. Kim, Science 2010, 329, 424.
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We have performed a molecular simulation study aimed to understand the effect of open metal
coordination sites in gas adsorption using Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs). They have emerged as
a family of solid porous materials formed by a metallic center linked to organic compounds. These
materials show high surface area, pore volume and can be used to enhance the capture and the gas
separation.
In this work, we explore the adsorption capabilities of M-MOF-74 family (with M= Co, Ni, Mn). M-MOF-
74 (also called CPO-27-M or M-dobdc) is composed by a divalent coordination metal (M) linked to a
2,5-dihydroxyterephthalate organic group. In this family of MOFs, thanks to the metal substitution, we
have several MOFs with very similar topology and different properties and chemical composition. This
makes possible the study of the effect of each metal and its interaction with adsorbates. In this case
we investigate the adsorption of small gases with different physical properties such as carbon dioxide,
carbon monoxide, argon, methane, and nitrogen.
Several recent works [1-5] in literature reported both simulation and experimental evidences for the
use of different metals in adsorption processes. In this study we investigate the interaction between
MOFs and adsorbates focusing in metal effects. In particular, Misrha et al. [5] found a strong
interaction between carbon monoxide and metallic centers, due not only to physical adsorption, but to
chemical adsorption also. We provide a molecular description of these phenomena using Monte Carlo
simulations. To analyze the mentioned interactions we computed adsorption isotherms, radial
distribution functions, energy landscape, etc.
Our results show a good agreement with experimental adsorption isotherms and allow us to
characterize both physical and chemical contributions to adsorption. Radial distributions functions and
energy landscape exhibit structural information about distribution of adsorbates inside the X-MOF-74
cavities, showing evidences of the metal variation. On the basis of our results, molecular simulation
provides an additional point of view and a better understanding of the molecular interactions involved
in processes as gas adsorption in MOFs.
REFERENCES
[1] W. Lou, J. Yang, L. Li, and J. Li. J. Solid State Chem., 2014, 224-228
[2] R. Poloni, K. Lee, R. F. Berger, B. Smit, and J. B. Neaton. J. Phys. Chem. Lett., 2014, 861-865
[3] X. Hou, P. He, H. Li, and X. Wang. J. Phys. Chem. C., 2013, 2824-2834
[4] J. J. Perry, S. L. Teich-McGoldrick, J. A. Greathouse, M. Haranczyk, and M. D. Allendorf. J. Phys.
Chem. C., 2014, 11685-11698
[5] P. Mishra, S. Edubilli, B. Mandal, and S. Gumma. J. Phys. Chem. C., 2014, 6847-6855
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1er Simposium sobre Propiedades y Aplicaciones de MOFs y COFs
Lista de participantes
Guillermo Calleja Pardo Univ. Rey Juan Carlos CO23,CO27,P7 pg. 29,33,41
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Gisela Orcajo Rincón Univ. Rey Juan Carlos CO27,P7 pg. 33,41
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